Module: 18 Current Electricity

P-1
DO IT-VIRTUAL-UNIVERSITY
17.3-Generator
School of Science and Applied
Management Economics A generator is an assembly where two copper wires are placed inside a magnet field or
outside the magnetic field. The wires obtain positive and negative energy from the
magnetic fields measured in volts By rotating the wires or the magnet using an
>>[MODULE:-18]<< external drive an alternating voltage [+] and [-] is extracted out of a magnet to the
copper wires outside

Learning objectives! 17.3-The magnet

[Copper wires
To understand the relationship between Capital and labour

[-] output [+] output

17.1-Introduction! cold Hot
Current electricity is running electricity. The sun produces moving electricity
which has a positive power of 37degrees and a negative power of 37degrees
travelling at a speed of 148 seconds per cycle. These figures are obtained by Fig:2
measuring the heights and a combined diameter of the sine wave. The size of North [-] cold air [+] Hot-air South
the diameter is twice the radius [N] [S]
Hot Cold
Fig:1

37 [+] Height
[+] Radius
in degrees
17.3-The wire !

37[-] Height [-] Radius The sine wave has[1] two radiuses a hot [+] radius and a cold [-] radius [2] it has two
in degrees diameters [1] a hot diameter and a [2] cold diameter

Fig:3
[Copper wires
74[+] diameter 74[-] diameter

Total time
combined [148] seconds [-] output [+] output
cold Hot
17.2-Running /Current Electricity!

Obtaining running or current electricity is process which starts by [1] obtaining

electricity [hot an cold air] from a magnet. This is done by placing two copper [-] cold air North South [+] Hot-air
wires in the [+] and [-] magnetic fields. The wires obtain moving electricity .[2] [N] [S]
to run moving electricity into running electricity requires an external natural or Hot Cold
artificial drive or force to interchange or [rotate] the copper wires between
magnetic North and south in order to have a continuos sine wave . Its from
here that Running electricity attains many names depending on the drive
used. . water falls and Wind are perfect natural drives. While petrol. and diesel
engineers are perfect artificial drives. Hydroelectricity is when water is used,
Generator when diesel and petrol engines are used.
 Module: 18 Current Electricity
MODULE : 18 P-2
Moving Vs Running heat 17.8-Transformer!

17.5-Temporaly magnets
A part from lanthanides which a natural permanent magnets, its possible to
produce an artificial magnet using moving running or current electricity. By
coiling an electric wire around a piece of iron, the heat in the wire would
reduce the amount of cold air in the iron and would also stop cold air from
reaching the iron which causes it to lose its negative charge. And once a
[++++] charge is attain you will have an artificial electrical magnet. Electrical
magnets don't respond to natural magnetic poles of north and south
depending on the sun and atmosphere, instead they respond to the direction
and flow of current. The area where the coiled wire starts from would receive
heat first than its end thus making it more hotter than the end the hotter part
would attract cold air creating a negative magnetic field while the colder would
attract the hot air creating a positive magnetic power. And this would
The ability to transform alternating electrical energy into magnetic energy created
another possibility to transform magnetic energy into electrical energy and this is how a
transformer was born. The transformer is probably one of the most useful devices ever
invented. Reason the electricity produced by the generator as seen earlier is alternating
or not stable and apart from disco lights i don't know any known useful application where
such electricity can be used. The transformer transforms the magnitude of alternating
current to a stable direct current . Not only that it can increase or reduce the voltage to
any required levels. Transformers have no moving parts, are rugged and durable in
construction requiring very little attention. They have a very high efficiency as high as
99%
Fig:6
A.C power supply Iron plates Load

s
determine the direction of the flow of electrical magnetic power
Iron rod
Fig:4

Secondary winding
Primary winding
Direction
Power supply
s

of current
Transformers are made of [1] iron plates, [2] a primary winding which charges the iron
plates with an alternating current and [3] a secondary winding receives a stable direct
current from the iron plates to wards the load. Such a transformer which changes A.C to
D.C is known as a step up transformer.
Fig:7
17.8-Distribution Transformers!
17.5-North and south poles
A.C power supply Load
Fig:5
South Pole or

s
[Cold pole]

Primary winding Secondary winding

s

Distribution transformers are so common in our home areas , they receive A.C power
from a main power line and convert it into D.C power due to the limitation of supply a D.C
North Pole or distribution transfer has several secondary windings each providing a stable supply of
[Hot pole] D.C Power to a limited geographical area.
 Module: 18 Current Electricity
MODULE : 18 P-3
Moving Vs Running heat 17.8-A.C vs D.C!

17.5-Step down transformers
A step down transformer is a transformer used after a transformer to reduce
on voltage. In uganda the standard d.c supply is 240 volts but you will find that
electrical appliances use varried voltages ranging from [1-240] in such a
situation 240 d.c is supplied to the primary winding and secondary winding of
any desired voltage output is created such a transformer is known as a step
down transformer e.g a telephone charger
Alternating electricity is produced just in the same way the sun produces sunlight in
serries of hot and cold air its major advantages are [1] it can travel over very, very long
distances a suitable mode for power distribution [2] due to its lose nature, there is no
direct connection between the source and the power. thus any short comings will not
directly affect the generator, However its main disadvantage is that due to its
alternating nature, its not suitable for any home and industrial application without a step
up transformer thus the need for transformers across grid and if this was not the case,
sunlight would be used directly.

D.C power Load Fig:10

s

[+] [-] [+] [-] [+] [-] [+] [-] [+] [-]

Primary winding Secondary

Hot-wave Cold-wave
Fig:8 [+] [-]

17.5 Power supply unit

17.8-Direct current!
The term power supply unit is so common which electrical appliances which
It being stable, its suitable for home and industrial applications. The atmosphere or cold
have parts that use different voltages mainly computers. A power supply unit
air greatly affect d.c power and thus its subjected to big power loss which makes it
is a step down transformer d.c primary winding but with multiple secondary
difficult for transportation over long distances. Its usage is limited to a very small area.
output voltages in computers this may vary between [2-8] volts or at times 12
Besides there is a direct relationship between the source and the supply where any
depending on the type of computer. Thus the term power supply unit
short coming or circuit directly affect the source.
Fig:9
Fig:11
D.C power Load
Postive
[+] +++++++++++++++++++++++

Negative -----------------------------------------
s

[-]

Secondary
Primary winding
 Module: 18 Current Electricity
MODULE : 18 P-4
Moving Vs Running heat 17.8-Generators by power output!

Besides the alternating current generator which we have already looked at, there are
Direct current generators which can produce D.C current for direct usage without need
for using a transformer. Thus there are A.C and D.C generators.
17.5 Motors
A d.c generator is an assembly of two A.C generators by design producing two semi
alternating currents which are combined to produce a single non-alternating current. It
A generator will produce power if the wire around its rotor is rotated around by uses two magnets and a series of wires running through the magnetic field
a diesel, or petrol, generator or wind or water fall. However if the same poles
which out put power are fed with electricity it will cause the rotor to rotate
around by changing polarity it can rotate clock wise or anti clock wise and in 17.8-D.C Generators!
this way the generator becomes an electrical motor and instead of producing
power it becomes a power consumer. So when we talk about generators, the
reverse is true for motos
>

>
Fig:12 [Copper wires
S
[-]INN-put [+]Inn-put Fig:13
cold Hot

N N
North [-] cold air [+] Hot-air South
[N] [S]
Hot Cold > S

>
The two magnets in the above structure produce two serial waves of an alternating
current produced at a different wave length which are combined to form two continuous
17.8-Types of Generators/ Motors! waves

Generators/ motors are classified according to [1] design [2] type of power Fig:14
output and [3] the number of wires dipped in the magnetic field.

17.8-Generators/ Motors by design! [+] [-] [+] [-] [+] [-] [+] [-] [+] [-]

By design, the magnets may be put outside with moving wire inside or the
magnet may be inside with stationery wires outside. When magnets are
outside it's the wires which rotate within the magnetic field and when the wires
are outside, it's the magnet which rotates the magnetic files around.
[+] [-] [+] [-] [+] [-] [+] [-] [+] [-]