\g Fegw agrh 0 sas TH]G 

ct 899:: | Zhdskth 0 www.rhsgecemh.cm.ke | H-acko 0 mgetcmtNrhsgecemh.cm.ke | MKE 0 X2>=>4T@4>>:^OM>4<>4; 

\bks sgoutkge wcs lgweogcl irga Thsgecemh @HH (acke) 4>4= ]goutkge pgrtco ^CJH # 3

 
 

  | @HH (Acke) 4>4= | LC\H 0 4<->3-4>4= (]BKI\-4) | ^C^HT-3 | AHAGT[ DC]HL | AC\BHAC\KM]  
4
9; ;  3;  4== =93
1   1   
9   4   4 <
<99 
=93 3>8
4 1 
 
< <
 2 4 1 43>

<. ~ (^   (^ ~ q)) ks ogjkmcooy hqukvcohet tg- 

(3) ~ ^  q (4) ~ ^   q   (=) ^ q (<) ^  ~ q  
Ces. (=)
]go. ~ ^   ~ (p ~ q)  
  ~ ^ (p q)     

  (~ p p) (~ p q)      

  t (~ p q)  
   

  ~ p     
q p  q

ˉ ˉ ˉ 
ˉ ˉ ˉ


8. p  k   4a `  af & S  < k    4 `  af crh grtbgjgeco tbhe a ks

(3) 3 (4) 4 (=) = (<) <
Ces. (4)
 

]go. ^.S >  

  

< ” <a + a4 1 >

a4 ” <a + < 1 >
(a ”4)4 1 > a14

9. \bh sht gi vcouhs gi c igr wbkmb 

Oka x  8   4x  4   >  wbhrh VQ ks jrhcthst kethjhr sacoohr tbce gr
x c

hquco tg  ks
(3) ( ”:.8, ”9.8) (4)  V”:.8, ”9.8) (=) ( ”:.8, ”9.8Q (<)  V”:.8, ” 9.8Q
Ces. (4)
]go. 
Oka x  8   4x  4   >  
x c

Oka x    8  4x   4   >  

x c

Oka x    4x    :  
x c

3
Oht c  Ve  , e  ) tbhe e  ” 4e 1 :
4
e 1 ”:
 cV ”:, ”9.8)
3
Oht c  Ve   , e  3)  tbhe
4
e ” (4e +3) 1 :
 ” e 1 2
e 1 ”2
3
c  V”  : ,:)  
4
Bhemh c  V   :.8,9.8 )  

Thsgecemh Hluvheturhs Otl. 

Thj. Giikmh & Mgrp. Giikmh 0 MJ \gwhr, C-<9 & 84, K^KC, Ehcr Mkty Acoo, @bcocwcr Tgcl, Fgtc (Tc`.) - =4<>>8 
^b. Eg.0 +;3-:<<-4::::::, 4::::>> | ICR Eg. 0 +;3->44-=;39:444
\g Fegw agrh 0 sas TH]G ct 899:: | Zhdskth 0 www.rhsgecemh.cm.ke | H-acko 0 mgetcmtNrhsgecemh.cm.ke | MKE 0 X2>=>4T@4>>:^OM>4<>4; 
:=< ===

\bks sgoutkge wcs lgweogcl irga Thsgecemh @HH (acke) 4>4= ]goutkge pgrtco ^CJH # 4

 
 

  | @HH (Acke) 4>4= | LC\H 0 4<->3-4>4= (]BKI\-4) | ^C^HT-3 | AHAGT[ DC]HL | AC\BHAC\KM]  
:. Ki y1yVxQ ks tbh sgoutkge gi hquctkge (x4 ”=y4) lx + =xyly 1 > wbhrh y(3) 1 3 tbhe 9y4(h) ks hquco tg
4 4
h h
(3) h4 (4) 4h4 (=)   (<)  
4 =
Ces. (4) 
4yly 4y 4  4x
]go. L.H.     
lx x =
ly lt
Oht y4 1 t  4 y   
 
lx lx
lt 4t 4x
L.H.    
 
lx x =

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