Sleep Deprivation

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region V – BICOL
BUENAVISTA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Buenavista, Uson, Masbate
Sleep Deprivation: Effect to the Academic

Performance of Grade 12 Mozilla Students in
Buenavista National High School
Region V – BICOL
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Objectives
1.4 Research Questions
1.5 Significance of the Study
2. Review of Related Literature
3. References
4. Researchers’ Profile
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Chapter 1
Background of the Study
In order for human beings to function properly, sufficient sleep each night is vital. Adults need
on average 8 hours of sleep (Okano et al., 2019). Sleep is a vital physiological process that plays
a crucial role in maintaining overall health and well-being. Adequate and quality sleep is
especially important during adolescence, a period characterized by rapid physical, cognitive, and
emotional development. However, many high school students, including Grade 12- Mozilla of
Buenavista National High School, experience chronic sleep deprivation due to various factors
such as academic pressures, extracurricular activities, social commitments, and technological
distractions.
Sleep deprivation refers to a condition in which an individual consistently fails to obtain the
recommended amount of sleep, leading to a cumulative sleep debt. The effects of sleep
deprivation have been extensively studied, and research has shown that it can have a significant
impact on cognitive functioning, emotional regulation, physical health, and academic
performance.
A study conducted by Johnson et al. (2021) examined the relationship between sleep duration
and academic achievement in a sample of Grade 12 students. The findings revealed a significant
negative correlation between shorter sleep duration and lower academic performance. Students
who reported getting less than the recommended 8 hours of sleep per night showed reduced
attention, decreased memory consolidation, and impaired cognitive abilities, all of which
contributed to poorer academic outcomes.
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Conceptual Framework
(IV-DV Model)
CLASS
PERFORMANCE
SLEEP ACADEMIC QUIZZES

DEPRIVATION PERFORMANCE
GRADES
The chart above is the IV-DV Model, showing the independent and dependent variables. The
Sleep deprivation which refers when someone does not get the amount of sleep they need has a
big impact on Grade 12 Mozilla students. Not enough sleep can negatively cause the brain to be
unable to process information quickly to those students. It will be difficult to concentrate, think
and process of memorization that leads to distraction. Academic performance is lower when
sleep patterns irregular, poor brain functions that results low class performance, quizzes, and
poor grades.
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Research Hypothesis
H0: There is no significant relationship between sleep deprivation and the academic performance
of Grade 12 Mozilla students in Buenavista National High School.
Statement of the Problem
General Problem: The aim of this study is to determine the effects of sleep deprivation to the
Academic Performance of Grade 12 Mozilla Students of Buenavista National High School.
Specific Problem: Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. What are the effects of sleep deprivation to the Academic Performance of Grade 12
Mozilla students of Buenavista National High School?
1.1 in terms of students’ class performance ?

1.2 in terms of quizzes?
1.3 in terms of grades?
2. How can sleep deprivation affect student’s academic performance?

3. Does sleep deprivation have significant effects on the Academic Performance of the
students?

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Significance of the Study
This research paper holds several implications for students, parents, teachers, school
administrators, and policymakers. By examining the effects of sleep deprivation on academic
performance, it can raise awareness about the importance of sleep hygiene and promote healthier
sleep habits among Grade 12-Mozilla students. The findings can provide insights into the
potential interventions and strategies that can be implemented to mitigate the negative effects of
sleep deprivation on academic performance.
Moreover, this study can contribute to the existing body of knowledge on the topic of sleep
deprivation and its impact on academic performance among high school students. It can serve as
a reference for future research and help in formulating evidence-based policies and guidelines
related to sleep education and support systems for students.
Department of Education (DepEd)
The researchers believe that the result of this study will give a great importance to the
Department of Education since they are the ones who offers monitoring the students whom
highly affected by sleep deprivation.
The Administrators
This study provides information and awareness in regards of the effects of sleep deprivation to
the academic performance of students in Buenavista National High School— specifically in the
class of Grade 12 Mozilla.

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The Teachers
The result of this study may help the teachers by contributing knowledge about the factors that
may affect the academic performance of their students and its effect due to sleep deprivation.
The Parents
This research intended to provide awareness to the parents of the students whose the prone
respondents of this study. Also, to give them whereabouts on how to give the students a guidance
by using the given result.
The Students
May the result of this research help the students who are the respondents and the primary
participants of this study, to determine all the effects of sleep deprivation to the students’
academic performances as well as the other impact to their everyday experiences.

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Scope and Delimitations

The study focuses specifically on the effects and experiences of the students regarding sleep
deprivation. The primary subject of this study consists of students in Grade 12 – Mozilla
enrolled in Buenavista National High School for the second semester of SY 2022-2023. The
study will utilize self-reported sleep patterns and academic performance data gathered through
questionnaires and academic records of Grade 12 Mozilla students. The researchers will also
assess the sleep patterns and extent of sleep deprivation among Grade 12-Mozilla students.
The researchers limited this research to 30 Grade 12 Mozilla students at Buenavista National
High School only. However, it is essential to acknowledge certain limitations. Firstly, the study
relies on self-reported data, which may be subject to recall bias and inaccuracies. Secondly,
external factors such as individual differences, lifestyle choices, and socio-economic
backgrounds may influence the results. Lastly, the study’s findings may not be generalizable to
other schools or grade levels. Meanwhile, this study mainly focuses on the experiences of the
selected students regarding sleep deprivation and how it affects their academic performance in
their class.
Definition of Terms
Various terminologies are defined here to make this study easier to understand.
Cognitive: relating to, or being conscious mental activities (as thinking, reasoning,
remembering, imagining, learning words, and using language). (Merriam-Webster
Cognitive functioning: refers to multiple mental abilities, including learning, thinking,
reasoning, remembering, problem solving, decision making, and attention. ( Fisher & Chaffee,
2019)

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Emotional regulation: is the ability to exert control over one’s own emotional state. It may
involve behaviors such as rethinking a challenging situation to reduce anger or anxiety, hiding
visible signs of sadness or fear, or focusing on a reasons to feel happy or calm.(Psychology
Today)
Impaired cognitive abilities: is when a person has trouble remembering, learning new things,
concentrating, or making decisions that affect their everyday
life.(https://www.cdc.gov/aging/pdf/cognitive_impairment/cogimp_poilicy_final.pdf)
Sleep deprivation: A condition in which an individual consistently fails to obtain the

recommended amount of sleep, leading to a cumulative sleep debt. (Merriam-Webster )
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Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
This chapter presents a review of recent studies on the effects of sleep deprivation on the
academic performance of Grade 12- Mozilla students of Buenavista National High School. The
literature review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of
knowledge regarding this topic, highlighting the key findings and implications for further
research. The studies included in this review were published between 2018 and 2023, ensuring
the most recent and relevant insights.
I. Sleep Deprivation
Sleep deprivation may be categorized as acute or chronic. Acute sleep deprivation refers to no
sleep or reduction in the usual total sleep time, usually lasting 1–2 days, with waking time
extending beyond the typical 16–18 h. Chronic sleep deprivation is defined by the Third Edition
of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders as a disorder characterized by excessive
daytime sleepiness caused by routine sleeping less than the amount required for optimal
functioning and health maintenance, almost every day for at least 3 months. (Garbarino, Lanteri,
Bragazzi, Magnavita, & Scoditti, 2021)
Sleep deprivation may be categorized as acute or chronic. Acute sleep deprivation refers to no
sleep or reduction in the usual total sleep time, usually lasting 1–2 days, with waking time
extending beyond the typical 16–18 h. Chronic sleep deprivation is defined by the Third Edition
of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders as a disorder characterized by excessive
daytime sleepiness caused by routine sleeping less than the amount required for optimal
functioning and health maintenance, almost every day for at least 3 months13. (Garbarino et. Al,
2021)
Lack of sleep directly affects how we think and feel. Even after just one night without enough
rest, we can feel drowsy during the day with slowed thinking, lack of energy, and an irritable
mood. While the short-term impacts are more noticeable, chronic sleep deprivation can heighten
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the long-term risk of physical and mental health problems. Understanding this condition,
including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment, can help prevent these negative effects
and help you get the optimal amount of sleep. (Blaivas DO, Turley Jr PA-C, Pierce-Smith RN
MSN, 2022)
II. How Common
Many neglect the importance of sleep when it is one of the most important routines to prioritize.
According to statistics, Filipinos have one of the highest rates of sleep deprivation in Asia—
about 46 percent do not get enough sleep while 32 percent sleep for less than six hours. Because
Filipinos have little knowledge about the impact of sleep deprivation, it has now become a social
issue and a public health epidemic. (“Sleep Deprivation: A Killer”, n.d.)
MANILA, Philippines – A study has found that a majority of Filipino teenagers 15 to 18 years of
age spend only four to six hours of sleep at night during the pandemic. The study also found that
34.5% within the age group sleep at 3 a.m. or past since the COVID-19 broke out in March last
year. (“Filipino teenagers losing sleep during pandemic, student thesis shows”, 2021)
III. Psychological Impact
A study by Park et al. (2021) explored the relationship between sleep deprivation and
psychological well-being among high school students. The results revealed that students
experiencing chronic sleep deprivation exhibited higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depressive
symptoms, all of which were associated with decreased academic performance. The study
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emphasized the need for interventions targeting both sleep quality and psychological well-being
to promote optimal academic functioning.
Behavioral pattern
 Classroom behaviour in academic performance
Teens and adolescents often face difficulties t school if sleep deprived. School can be demanding
and sometimes one needs to stay up late for doing homework or other assignments. They stay up
late finishing mandatory assignments and wake up early to go to school. The average amount of
sleep they may get during the week can be as little as 4 to 5 hours per night. They feel tired
during the lessons and nothing seems to be staying in mind. They just want to go home and take
a nap which leads later to the late night study. This is not so uncommon cycle among the
students. School is now more demanding than ever before and it contributes to the sleep
deprivation. The problem is not only in poor performance at school but also outside of school; on
the roads (drowsy driving), at home, with friends, etc. School related sleep deprivation
contributes to several mental and physical health problems. (Henna, 2018)
Emotional Health
 Irritability and anger
Without the positive emotional and physiological regenerating effects of sleep, the brain reverts
to more primitive ways of thinking, often amplifying feelings of irritability, frustration, and
anger.Sleep – REM sleep, in particular – helps de-clutter the brain at night. REM sleep dreaming
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is a form of emotional first aid. It provides overnight mental health therapy and acts as a
nocturnal soothing balm. REM sleep helps process the day’s happenings, taking the sharp edges
off difficult emotional concerns. When you don’t get adequate amounts of it, your brain cannot
cope as well. New research suggests sleep-deprived individuals are angrier, more distressed,
more exasperated, and less able to adapt to frustrating situations than those who get sufficient
sleep. (“What are the Psychological Effects of Sleep Deprivation?”, 2019)
Mental Health
Not getting enough sleep or poor-quality sleep can increase risk for mental health disorders.
While insomnia can be a symptom of psychiatric disorders, like anxiety and depression, it is now
recognized that sleep problems can also contribute to the onset and worsening of different mental
health problems, including depression, anxiety, and even suicidal ideation.
Sleep deprivation studies show that otherwise healthy people can experience increased anxiety
and distress levels following poor sleep. Those with mental health disorders are even more likely
to experience chronic sleep problems and, in turn, these sleep problems are likely to exacerbate
psychiatric symptoms and even increase risk for suicide. The good news is that there are ways to
improve sleep quality and quantity, so identifying and addressing sleep problems is critical to
alleviating the severity of psychiatric disorders. (“How Sleep Deprivation Impacts Mental
Health”, 2022)
Sleep disturbances are a well-known side effect of most mental health disorders. Sleeping too
much, being unable to sleep, needing very little sleep, and other sleep issues can be
manifestations of mental health challenges, ranging from mild depression to psychotic episodes.
Sleep, or the lack thereof, is an important indicator of whether a young adult is suffering from a
mental health disorder.
Sleep deprivation and depression in young adults are closely related. Not getting enough sleep
can exacerbate or trigger depressive symptoms, while difficulty sleeping can be a symptom of
depression or another mental health issue. The Sleep Cycles study found that participants with
mental health concerns have a much harder time falling asleep. Among those with depression,
60.4 percent reported taking longer than usual to fall asleep, while 53.4 percent of those with
anxiety took longer to fall asleep. (“The Relationship Between Sleep Hygiene and Mental
Health”, n.d.)
IV. Physical Impacts
The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Physical Health

Obesity: Studies have found sleep loss can increase your risk of becoming obese. Your body
produces and regulates various hormones during sleep. These include ghrelin, which makes you
feel hungry, and leptin, which makes you feel full. Lack of sleep can cause your ghrelin levels to
increase and leptin levels to decrease, meaning you are more likely to feel excessively hungry
and overeat.
Heart Problems: Blood pressure is generally reduced during sleep. Thus, decreased sleep can
lead to a higher daily average blood pressure, which in turn may increase your risk of heart
disease and stroke. Inadequate sleep has also been linked to coronary artery calcification
Trusted Source
National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information
The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing
access to biomedical and genomic information.
Insulin management: Insulin is a natural bodily hormone that regulates your glucose (or blood
sugar) level. Sleep deprivation can affect how your body reacts to insulin and cause your glucose
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level to rise, which in turn puts you at higher risk for developing Type 2 diabetes . Similarly,
reduced sleep or poor sleep quality may adversely affect glucose control in known diabetics.
Immunohealth: During sleep, there is a peak in the number of certain T-cells, various cytokines,
and other important components of your immune system
National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information

The National Center for Biotechnology Information advances science and health by providing
access to biomedical and genomic information.
Not getting enough sleep can affect how the immune system responds to viruses and other
infections. Long-term reduction in sleep can also lead to persistent low-level inflammation
throughout the body, which underlies many chronic medical conditions.
Cognitive Performance: A good night’s sleep can improve your ability to concentrate, be
creative, and learn new skills. People who don’t get enough rest often have a hard time paying
attention and are more likely to commit errors at work or in school.
Immune system
While you sleep, your immune system produces protective, infection-fighting substances like
antibodies and cytokines. It uses these substances to combat foreign invaders such as bacteria
and viruses. Certain cytokines also help you to sleep, giving your immune system more
efficiency to defend your body against illness. Sleep deprivation prevents your immune system
from building up its forces. If you don’t get enough sleep, your body may not be able to fend off
invaders, and it may also take you longer to recover from illness. Long-term sleep deprivation
also increases your risk for chronic conditions, such as diabetes mellitus and heart disease.
( Watson & Cherney, 2023)

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IV. Causes of Sleep deprivation
Teenagers of today sleep less than previous generations. Technology is largely to blame for
keeping people perpetually connected in the digital world which is in turn driven by changing
social demands for immediacy as a form of intimacy. The consequences for teenagers are later
bed times, reduced total sleep time and a degree of sleep catch up on weekends. This is termed
chronic sleep deprivation or “social jetlag”. The consequences of chronic sleep deprivation are
underappreciated in the medical setting. They include altered mood, more somatic and
psychological symptomatology, greater anxiety, more school absenteeism, reduced educational
results and compromised vocational aspirations. Engagement with reluctant teenagers and their
parents may be challenging and at times frustrating for all concerned. Much of the art of
improving outcomes involves developing a rapport with the teenager, assisting them to gain
insight into the problems associated with chronic sleep deficiency and fostering commitment
from all family members to implement unpopular boundaries on the use of technology. (Seton &
Fritzgerald, 2021)
In an era of coercive connectivity resulting from the “digital revolution”, many teenagers
consider sleep as an intrusion into their social lives. Delayed bedtimes and shorter total sleep
duration result in tired and grumpy young people. These teenagers may struggle with
concentration, family engagement, depression, steady academic progress and safe practices such
as driving. Sometimes parents feel powerless to address the challenges which leave the teenager
and parents frustrated and disengaged. This may result in repeated confrontations without
addressing the underlying issues causing the disruptive behaviours. (Seton & Fritzgerald, 2021)
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References
Toyong, P. J. A. (2020). Sleeping Habits, Classroom Behaviour and Academic Performance of

Senior High School Students. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and
Education Research, 1(1), 54-63. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.01.01.10
Best, N. (n.d.). What are the psychological effects of sleep deprivation? Natures Best.
https://www.naturesbest.co.uk/pharmacy/sleep-health/what-are-the-psychologicaleffects-of-
sleep-deprivation/
Blaivas DO, Turley Jr. PA-C, & Pierce-Smith RN MSN. (2022). Articles: Sleep Deprivation.
Cedars Sinai. Retrieved June 3, 2023, from https://www.cedars-sinai.org/healthlibrary/diseases-
and-conditions/s/sleep-deprivation.html
Conklin, A., Yao, C. M. K. L., & Richardson, C. D. (2018). Chronic sleep deprivation and
gender-specific risk of depression in adolescents: a prospective population-based study. BMC
Public Health, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5656-6
Gagalang, J. (2021). Exploring social media use of Filipino learners. Linguistics and Culture
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Garbarino, S., Lanteri, P., Bragazzi, N. L., Magnavita, N., & Scoditti, E. (2021). Role of sleep
deprivation in immune-related disease risk and outcomes. Communications Biology, 4(1).
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nsandperformances/93/
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https://www.columbiapsychiatry.org/news/how-sleep-deprivation-affects-yourmental-health
Nauts, S., Kamphorst, B. A., Stut, W. J. J., De Ridder, D. T. D., & Anderson, J. G. (2019). The
Explanations People Give for Going to Bed Late: A Qualitative Study of the Varieties of
Bedtime Procrastination. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 17(6), 753–762.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15402002.2018.1491850
Newsport Institute Staff. (2022, February 24). The Mental Health Effects of Sleep Deprivation
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Poon, C. Y. S., Hui, V. K., Yuen, G. W., Kwong, V. W. Y., & Chan, C. S. (2019). A well‐slept
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emotional transmission in the classroom. PsyCh Journal, 8(3), 280–
292.https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.282
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Sunstar. (2020). Sleep Deprivation: A Killer. SUNSTAR.

https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1847286/cebu/feature/sleep-deprivation-a-killer
The Effects of Sleep Deprivation. (2020). Student Journalism. https://www.seisen.com/student-

life/seisen-post/features/~board/seisen-post/post/theeffects-of-sleep-deprivation
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Senior High School Students. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and
Education Research, 1(1), 54–63. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.01.01 10
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Body. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep-deprivation/effects-
onbody#Central-nervous-system
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Researchers’ Profile
Mark Lester C. Calolot Jhon Floyd M. Pado

Panisijan, Uson, Masbate Magsaysay, Uson, Masbate
18 years old 18 years old
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Jhulia Amore M. Bencalo

Nikka Mae E. Bermudo
Panisijan, Uson, Masbate
17 years old
18 years old
Melody M. Manadong Stephanie H. Montealegre Honey Kim Palanas

Panisijan, Uson, Masbate San Ramon, Uson, Masbate Panisijan, Uson, Masbate
18 years old 18 years old 18 years old

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