Assignment 1 web 2022

Web-based Java Applications (PRJ321)

0 0
 ASSIGNMENT 1 BRIEF
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number 10: Website Design & Development

Assignment title Web Services Presentation and Guidebook

Academic Year 2018  2019

Unit Tutor

Issue date Submission date

IV name and date

Submission Format:

Format: Two ten-minute Microsoft® PowerPoint® style presentations to be presented to your

colleagues
Submission Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the
Tutors. The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/
Note: The Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student or from
books etc. If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you
must reference your sources, using the Harvard style. Make sure that you know how to reference properly,
and that understand the guidelines on plagiarism. If you do not, you definitely get failed

Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated with hosting and managing
websites.

LO2 Categorise website technologies, tools and software used to develop websites.

Assignment Brief and Guidance:

You work as a full-stack web team leader for a leading creative web solutions and marketing company. Your
team is about to have a big contract to develop an online shopping mall.

One of the preparation tasks is to choose appropriate tools and techniques to realise a custom built website.

As part of your role, you have been asked to create an engaging presentation to help train junior staff
members on basic web technologies including hosting and website management as well as server

Page 1

0 0
technologies. Your presentation should not only explain basic knowledge in the domain but also points out
the impact of these technologies to website design, functionality, management or performance.

You also need to present more technical presentation to senior staff members to discuss about front-end,
back-end technologies as well as other tools, techniques and softwares used to develop website from simple
(online website creation tools) to complicated (custom built). Your presentation will be used as guidance of
choosing suitable tools and techniques for the next project.

Page 2

0 0
 Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria

Pass Merit Distinction

LO1 Explain server technologies and management services

associated with hosting and managing websites

P1 Identify the purpose and types
of DNS, including explanations
on how domain names are
organised and managed.
P2 Explain the purpose and
relationships between
communication protocols, server
hardware, operating systems and
web server software with regards
to designing, publishing and
accessing a website.
M1 Evaluate the impact of LO1 & 2
common web development
D1 Justify the tools and
technologies and frameworks
techniques chosen to realise a
with regards to website design,
custom built website.
functionality and management.
M2 Review the influence of
search engines on website
performance and provide
evidence-based support for
improving a sites inde value
and rank through search engine
optimisation.

LO2 Categorise website technologies, tools and software used to

develop websites

P3 Discuss the capabilities and M3 Evaluate a range of tools and

relationships between front-end
and back-end website
technologies and explain how
these relate to presentation and
application layers.
techniques available to design
and develop a custom built
website.

P4 Discuss the differences

between online website creation
tools and custom built sites with
regards to design flexibility,
performance, functionality, User
Experience (UX) and User
Interface (UI).

Page 3

0 0
Table of Contents

P1 IDENTIFY THE PURPOSE AND TYPES OF DNS, INCLUDING EXPLANATIONS ON HOW DOMAIN NAMES ARE
ORGANISED AND MANAGED................................................................................................................................... 5

P2 EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS, SERVER HARDWARE,
OPERATING SYSTEMS AND WEB SERVER SOFTWARE WITH REGARDS TO DESIGNING, PUBLISHING AND
ACCESSING
A WEBSITE............................................................................................................................................................... 6

P3 DISCUSS THE CAPABILITIES AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FRONT-END AND BACK-END WEBSITE
TECHNOLOGIES AND EXPLAIN HOW THESE RELATE TO PRESENTATION AND APPLICATION LAYERS.......................7

P4 DISCUSS THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ONLINE WEBSITE CREATION TOOLS AND CUSTOM BUILT SITES WITH
REGARDS TO DESIGN FLEXIBILITY, PERFORMANCE, FUNCTIONALITY, USER EXPERIENCE (UX) AND USER INTERFACE
(UI)......................................................................................................................................................................... 11

REFERENCES 14

Page 4

0 0
P1 Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on how
domain names are organised and managed:

x Domain Name System (DNS) : The domain name system (DNS The Domain Name System (DNS) is a
part of the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) and is a naming system for the Internet resources. DNS
was designed in the early 1980s, and was launched in 1985; it has since become a core service of the
Internet. Each device connected to the Internet has a unique IP address which other machines use
to find the device. DNS servers eliminate the need for humans to memorize IP addresses such as
192.168.1.1 (in IPv4), or more complex newer alphanumeric IP addresses such as
2400:cb00:2048:1::c629:d7a2 (in IPv6).

For example, when a Web address (URL) is typed into a browser, DNS servers return the IP address
of the Web server associated with that name. In this made-up example, the DNS converts the
URL www.company.com into the IP address 204.0.8.51
Types of Domain Names: The Domain Name System is structured in hierarchical zones:
+ DNS root zone
+ Top level domain (includes gTLD and ccTLD)
+ Second level domain
+ Third level domain
The purpose of Domain Names:
x remembering the sequences of numbers is difficult and inconvenient, a global uniform hierarchical
retrieval system (domain name system) was created in 1985 alongside these numeric addresses so
that each IP address could be mapped to a globally unique user-friendly domain name.
x Domain names serve to identify Internet resources, such as computers, networks, and services, with
a text-based label that is easier to memorize than the numerical addresses used in the Internet
protocols. A domain name may represent entire collections of such resources or individual instances.
x Domain names are also used as simple identification labels to indicate ownership or control of a
resource.
x An important function of domain names is to provide easily recognizable and memorizable names
to numerically addressed Internet resources.

Page 5

0 0
 x Domain names are used to establish a unique identity. Organizations can choose a domain name that
corresponds to their name, helping Internet users to reach them easily.

Organization of Domain Name

x Each domain name consists of a number of levels (domain levels) separated from each other by dots
For example:

The highest level of the hierarchy, known as the top-level domain (TLD), was originally limited to eight
generic top-level domains gTLDs, three of which .com, .net and .org are open to
all Internet users for registration world- wide without restriction, while four .edu, .int,
.gov, .mil are reserved for US or international intergovernmental organizations.

P2 Explain the purpose and relationships between communication protocols,

server hardware, operating systems and web server software with regards to
designing, publishing and accessing a website.
Web communication protocols are technology used to transfer information across the internet. For
example, a web browser uses these protocols to request information from a web server, which is then
displayed on the browser screen in the form of text and images. The degree to which users can interact with
that information depends on the protocol.

Examples of communication protocol web used:

x HTTP is a classic "client-server" protocol. Users click a link on their web browser (the client), and the
browser sends a request over the internet to a web server that houses the site the user requested.
The server sends back the content of the site, such as text and images, which display in users' web
browsers.
x File Transfer Protocol (FTP) As the name implies, the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is primarily used to
transfer files such as documents, images, music, etc., between remote computers.

Server hardware is a complex system that centrally stores data sources, processing the retieving of
inofrmation coming from other computers over the Internet. Devices that have a complete ser ver hardwaere
to set up are similar to desktops.

Page 6

0 0
 x Hardware of server is the hardware of the device, the components to create a complete device. With
PC, device such as mouse keyboard, screen, hard drive, DVD drive are hardware devices

Server hardware working: Server typically do memory checks before starting and starting remote
management services. The hard drive controller then starts the drive continuously, not all at once. The goal is
to not overload the power supply with lifting boot gradually. They then start running to the Raid system that
requires testing for the correct operation of the backup device.

Server software is primarily built to interact with a server’s hardware infrastructure, including the
processor, memory, storage, input/output and other communication ports. Depending on the type or usage
of the server, server software could be classified into various forms, such as:

x Web server software

x Application server software
x Database server software
x Cloud computing server software
x File server software

Server requires two software components: an operating system and an application.The operating system
acts as a platform for running the server application. It provides access to the underlying hardware resources
and provides the dependency services that the application depends on.The operating system also provides
the means for clients to communicate with the server application. The server's IP address and fully qualified
domain name, for example, are assigned at the operating system level.

P3 Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-

end website technologies and explain how these relate to presentation and
application layers
x Static website is the basic type of website that is easy to create. You don't need the knowledge of
web programming and database design to create a static website. Its web pages are coded in HTML.
The codes are fixed for each page so the information contained in the page does not change and it
looks like a printed page.

Page 7

0 0
x Dynamic website is a collection of dynamic web pages whose content changes dynamically. It
accesses content from a database or Content Management System (CMS). Therefore, when altering
or updating the content of the database, the content of the website is also altered or updated.
Dynamic website uses client-side scripting or server-side scripting, or both to generate dynamic
content.

x Front-End: Frontend is the part of the website that you can see and interact with directly in order to
receive the backend capabilities of the system. It involves everything that the user can see, touch and
experience. The role of a web designer has changed dramatically over the years but the core functions
of website development remains the same. Frontend is all about the bells and whistles you see on
the website like the graphical user interface including the flashy buttons, colorful images, navigation
menus, etc.
The front end of an application is the visible part of it that the user interacts with. The main purpose
of the front end is to deliver effective interactivity and display of the content and data in an appealing,
neat and simple to understand manner. Essential features to be built into the front end part of web
development include: markup, style, accessibility, cross-browser, cross-platform and cross-device
functionality, templates, CMS and web frameworks, usability and performance.

x Back-End: Backend, also referred to as the server-side, is the part of the website which you
cannot see and interact with. Basically, everything that happens behind the scenes can be attributed to
the backend web development. It is all about how the website works; it’s more like an
indirect service provider for the frontend development. Unlike frontend, it runs on the server side but
communicates with the frontend to ensure everything works fine. In simple terms, backend
developers write code to make sure everything works fine at the frontend.
The back end of the web application is basically the brains behind the front end. It comprises three
components: server, application and database. It is a link between the server and the user. Most of
the coding for the web application can be found in the back end and the quality of this code will
determine how the website functions. Knowledge of required programming languages and database,
as well as of the server side architecture is essential to prevent sluggish performance, continuous
crashes or errors.

x Front-End Web Development and Back-End Web Development have quite a few differences. While
front-end is heavily based on designing to make your website as attractive as possible, back-end deals
with all the complicated and messy stuff that actually makes your website run (like database
operations, user authentication, application logic, etc). This is the reason that front-end is often
known as client-side while the back-end is commonly known as server-side for a web application.

Page 8

0 0
In spite of the differences between Front-End Web Development and Back-End Web Development, they are
actually two sides of the same coin!!! Both of them are equally important and a website only works correctly
when they work in tandem.

The presentation layer

Located at the sixth level of the OSI model, it is responsible for the delivery and formatting of
information to the application layer for further processing or display. This type of service is needed
because different computer architectures use different data representations. In contrast to providing
transparent data transport at the fifth level, the presentation layer handles all issues related to data
presentation and transport, including translation, encryption, and compression.

Page 9

0 0
Presentation layer functions:

The actual functions of the presentation layer include the following aspects:

x Network security and confidentiality management, text compression and packaging, virtual terminal
protocol (VTP).
x Syntax conversion - The abstract syntax is converted to the transfer syntax, and the other side to
achieve the opposite conversion (transfer syntax will be converted to abstract syntax). Involved in the
contents of the code conversion, character conversion, data format modification, as well as data
structure operation adaptation, data compression, encryption and so on.
x Grammar negotiation - According to the requirements of the application layer to negotiate the
appropriate choice of context, that is, to determine the transmission syntax and transmission.
x Connection management - Including the use of the session layer service to establish a connection,
manage data transport and synchronization control over this connection (using the corresponding
services at the session level), and terminate the connection either normally or absently.

The Application Layer

The seventh layer of the seven-layer OSI model. Application layer interface directly interacts with the
application and provides common web application services. The application layer also makes a request to
the presentation layer. Application layer is the highest level of open systems, providing services directly for
the application process.
Application layer functions

x Transport access and management

It allows a user to access, retrieve and manage files in a remote computer.

x Mail services
It provides the basis for email forwarding and storage facilities.

x Virtual terminal
For various reasons, it can be said that the standardization of terminals has completely failed. The OSI
solution to this problem is to define a virtual terminal that is really just an abstract data structure that takes
the abstract state of the actual terminal. This abstract data structure can be operated by both the keyboard
and the computer and reflects the current state of the data structure on the display. The computer can query
this abstract data structure and change this abstract data structure so that the output appears on the screen.

x Other functions

Page 10

0 0
In addition to the three functions above, there are some other functions: directory services, remote job
entry, graphics, information communication and so on.

P4 Discuss the differences between online website creation tools and

custom built sites with regards to design flexibility, performance,
functionality, User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI).

Online creation tools Custom built website

Design flexibility Templates are getting more
sophisticated
Site may look like everyone
else’s.
Performance Pay for website builder
andhosting services at the same
time
Sites are quite fast to implement.
Some templates aren’t
especially
well-made or maintained.
Security can be an issue
Functionality limited in your graphics design
and navigation capability.
Functionality can be limited in
template sites
UX Tools will be useful and will
support you in creating
awesome, valuable and human-
centered products
They are often cheapper and
faster to develop than custom
built website
UI Easy to customise
Tools have sample
By the way if your design skills is
not good, the tools could help
Custom-built sites are flexible
and can grow
Custom-built sites are easier to
update
Search engine optimization is
better
There are no limitations on
graphics and functionality.
Cannot drag or drop
Just use editor to write cod,
content.
Custom-built sites are necessary
for e-commerce
a site works all manner of
different devices
SEO optimised and friendly,
Can support additional
technology
All the features and selection
based on user’s idea
It is approriate for business

Page 11

0 0
 you because they have many
features .
However the color, format nad
background,etc have the limit
Examples of online creation tools:
0 0
Can download and apply
everything on the Internet to
your website
No litmit and you can bring
everything you want to your
websitte
Page 12
tMtVER TY
OR5ENW7CH
6TEC

.-'o -'+ Steie About Blog Ponts or

sale
leow rzvze

Page 13

0 0
 REFERENCES
1. https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/server
2. https://www.advantage.tech/service/server-hardware
3. https://blog.tinohost.com/phan-cung-may-chu-la-gi/
4. https://domain.me/how-domain-names-work/
5. https://www.primedesignsolutions.com/learning-center/difference-template-custom-built-websites/
6. https://global.oup.com/booksites/content/0199278253/part_1
7. http://techgenix.com/Server-Hardware-Explained-Part2/
8. https://www.slideshare.net/VikramNani/web-server-hardware-and-software-18966627
9. https://help.sana-commerce.com/sana-commerce-83/installation/setup-web-and-database-
server/hardware-requirements-for-web-and-database-servers
10. https://www.eyerys.com/articles/web-communication-protocols
11. https://www.connectingup.org/learn/articles/server-hardware-what-look
12. https://www.digistar.vn/server-la-gi-series-phan-cung-p1/

Page 14

0 0