Higher National in Computing

Website Design and Development

Assignment 1. Web Services Presentation and guidebook

Learner’s name: Nguyen Tat Trung

Assessor’s name: Vo Thi Thanh Van

Class: GCS0804A

ID: GC190231

Assignment due: 5 September 2020

ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title 10: Website Design & Development

Submission date Date Received 1st submission

Re-submission Date 5-9-2020 Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name Nguyen Tat Trung Student ID GCS190231

Class GCS0804A Assessor name Vo Thi Thanh Van

Student declaration

I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a
false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student’s signature Trung

Grading grid

P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 D1
❒ Summative Feedback: ❒ Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: GCS0804A Assessor Signature: Date:

Signature & Date:
 ASSIGNMENT 1 BRIEF

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number 10: Website Design & Development

Assignment title Web Services Presentation and Guidebook

Academic Year 2020 – 2021

Unit Tutor Vo Thi Thanh Van

Issue date Submission date 5-9-2020

IV name and date

Submission Format:

Format: Two ten-minute Microsoft® PowerPoint® style presentations to be presented to your colleagues
Submission Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the Tutors.
The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/
Note: The Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student or from
books etc. If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you must
reference your sources, using the Harvard style. Make sure that you know how to reference properly, and that
understand the guidelines on plagiarism. If you do not, you definitely get failed

Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated with hosting and managing websites.

LO2 Categorise website technologies, tools and software used to develop websites.

Assignment Brief and Guidance:

You work as a full-stack web team leader for a leading creative web solutions and marketing company. Your team is
about to have a big contract to develop an online shopping mall.

One of the preparation tasks is to choose appropriate tools and techniques to realise a custom built website.

As part of your role, you have been asked to create an engaging presentation to help train junior staff members on
basic web technologies including hosting and website management as well as server technologies. Your presentation

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should not only explain basic knowledge in the domain but also points out the impact of these technologies to
website design, functionality, management or performance.

You also need to present more technical presentation to senior staff members to discuss about front-end, back-end
technologies as well as other tools, techniques and software used to develop website from simple (online website
creation tools) to complicated (custom built). Your presentation will be used as guidance of choosing suitable tools
and techniques for the next project.

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 Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria

Pass Merit Distinction

LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated with

hosting and managing websites

P1 Identify the purpose and types of
DNS, including explanations on how
domain names are organised and
managed.
P2 Explain the purpose and
relationships between
communication protocols, server
hardware, operating systems and
web server software with regards to
designing, publishing and accessing a
website.
M1 Evaluate the impact of LO1 & 2
common web development
D1 Justify the tools and techniques
technologies and frameworks with
chosen to realise a custom built
regards to website design,
website.
functionality and management.
M2 Review the influence of search
engines on website performance
and provide evidence-based
support for improving a site’s index
value and rank through search
engine optimisation.

LO2 Categorise website technologies, tools and software used to develop

websites

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 P3 Discuss the capabilities and
relationships between front-end and
back-end website technologies and
explain how these relate to
presentation and application layers.
M3 Evaluate a range of tools and
techniques available to design and
develop a custom built website.

P4 Discuss the differences between

online website creation tools and
custom built sites with regards to
design flexibility, performance,
functionality, User Experience (UX)
and User Interface (UI).

Table of Contents
P1: Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on how domain names are
organized and managed. .............................................................................................................................. 6
Purpose of domain name system ............................................................................................................. 6
Types of domain name system ................................................................................................................. 7
The stages in a DNS discover .................................................................................................................... 9
Some types of DNS queries ..................................................................................................................... 11
P2: Explain the purpose and relationships between communication protocols, server hardware,
operating systems and web server software with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a
website ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
Community protocols ............................................................................................................................. 12
Server hardware...................................................................................................................................... 14

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 The operating system ............................................................................................................................. 15
Server software ....................................................................................................................................... 16
Web server .............................................................................................................................................. 18
The relationship between communication protocols, server hardware, operating systems and web
server software with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website ................................... 19
P3: Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies
and explain how these relate to presentation and application layers..................................................... 19
Front-end technologies ........................................................................................................................... 19
Back-end Development........................................................................................................................... 21
The relationship between front-end and back-end: ............................................................................... 22
The way how front-end and back-end relate to presentation, application layer................................... 24
P4: Discuss the differences between online website creation tools and custom built sites with regards
to design flexibility, performance, functionality, user Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI) ............ 25
Online Website creation tools ................................................................................................................ 25
Custom built website is ........................................................................................................................... 26
UX (User Experience) design ................................................................................................................... 26
UI (User Interface) design ....................................................................................................................... 26
The difference between the online website creation tools and the custom built sites with regards to
design flexibility, performance, functionality, user experience and user interface ............................... 27
References: ................................................................................................................................................. 28

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P1: Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on how domain names are
organized and managed.
Purpose of domain name system is one of the most important components of Internet
infrastructure. If DNS is unavailable, you’ll have difficulty finding resources on the Internet and,
likewise, others will be unable to find you

Figure 1 Domain name system

The process of DNS resolution involves converting a hostname (such as www.example.com)

into a computer-friendly IP address (such as 192.168.1.1). An IP address is given to each device
on the Internet, and that address is necessary to find the appropriate Internet device - like a
street address is used to find a particular home. When a user wants to load a webpage, a
translation must occur between what a user types into their web browser (example.com) and
the machine-friendly address necessary to locate the example.com webpage. In order to
understand the process behind the DNS resolution, it’s important to learn about the different
hardware components a DNS query must pass between. For the web browser, the DNS lookup
occurs “behind the scenes” and requires no interaction from the user’s computer apart from
the initial request

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 Figure 2 How DNS work

Types of domain name system

+ Top level domains (TLD): Became known as domain name extensions and represent
the highest level in the Domain Name System hierarchy.

Figure 3 Top level domain (TLD)

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+ Country code Top Level Domains (ccTLD) was established and became associated with
countries or geographical locations and became to be limited to that countries which is
residents, however, certain countries have let outside parties register domain names
using their country code.

Figure 4 Country code top level domain (ccTLD)

+ Generic Top Level Domain (gTLD) as a category of top-level domains within the DNS.
As of now, there are currently 21 generic top-level domains within the root zone, which
is the highest level of the domain name system structure.

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 Figure 5 Generic top level domain (gTLD)

+ Internationalized country code top-level domains: This was a top-level name with an
encoded format that lets non-Latin characters sets or other special characters be used.

Figure 6 Internationalized country code top level domains

The stages in a DNS discover

. Stage 1: Requesting website information

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You visit a website by typing a domain name into a web browser. Your computer will
start resolving the hostname, such as www.liquidweb.com. Your computer will look for
the IP address associated with the domain name in its local DNS cache, which stores
DNS information that your computer has recently saved. If it is present locally, then the
website will be displayed. If your computer does not have the data stored, then it will
perform a DNS query to retrieve the correct information.
. Stage 2: Contact the recursive DNS servers
If the information is not in your computer’s local DNS cache, then it will query the
recursive DNS servers from your (ISP) Internet service provider. Recursive DNS servers
have their local DNS cache, much like your computer. Given that many of the ISP’s
customers are using the same recursive DNS servers, there is a chance that common
domain names already in its cache. If the domain is cached, the DNS query will end here
and the website displayed to the user.
. Stage 3: Query the authoritative DNS servers
If a recursive DNS server or servers do not have the information stored in its cache
memory, the DNS query continues to the authoritative DNS server that has the data for
a specific domain. These authoritative name servers are responsible for storing DNS
records for their respective domain names.
. Stage 4: Access the DNS record
For our example, to find out the IP address for www.vnexpress.net, we will query the
authoritative name server for the address record. The Recursive DNS server accesses the
A record for www.vnexpress.net from the authoritative name servers and stores the
record in its local DNS cache. If other DNS queries request the A record for
www.vnexpress.net, the recursive server will have the answer and will not have to
repeat the DNS lookup process. All DNS records have a time-to-live value, which shows
when a DNS record will expire. After some time has passed, the recursive DNS server
will ask for an updated copy of the DNS record.
. Stage 5: Final DNS step
The Recursive DNS server has the information and returns the A record to your
computer. Your computer will store the DNS record in its local DNS cache, will read the

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 IP address from the DNS record, and pass this information to your browser. The web
browser will connect to the web server associated with the A records IP and display the
website.

Some types of DNS queries

+ Recursive query: Provides a hostname, and the DNS Resolver must provide an answer.
It responds with either a relevant resource record, or an error message if it can’t be
found. The resolver starts a recursive query process, starting from the DNS Root server,
until it finds the authoritative name server that holds the IP address and other
information for the requested hostname.

Figure 7 Recursive query

+ Iterative query: Provides a hostname, and the DNS Resolver returns the best answer it
can. If the DNS resolver has the relevant DNS records in its cache, it returns them. If not,
it refers the DNS client to the Root Server, or another Authoritative Name Server which
is nearest to the required DNS zone. The DNS client must then repeat the query directly
against the DNS server it was referred to.

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 Figure 8 Iterative query

+ Non-recursive query is a query in which the DNS Resolver already knows the answer. It
either immediately returns a DNS record because it already stores it in local cache, or
queries a DNS Name Server which is authoritative for the record, meaning it definitely
holds the correct IP for that hostname. In both cases, there is no need for additional
rounds of queries. Rather, a response is immediately returned to the client .

Figure 9 Non-recursive query

P2: Explain the purpose and relationships between communication protocols, server hardware,
operating systems and web server software with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a
website
Community protocols articulate community-determined values, procedures, and priorities.
They set out rights and responsibilities under customary, state, and international law as the

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basis for engaging with external actors such as governments, companies, academics, and NGOs.
They can be used as catalysts for constructive and proactive responses to threats and
opportunities posed by land and resource development, conservation, research, and other legal
and policy frameworks

Some types of communication protocol:

. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): TCP is a popular communication protocol which is

used for communicating over a network. It divides any message into series of packets that
are sent from source to destination and there it gets reassembled at the destination.

. Internet Protocol (IP): IP is designed explicitly as addressing protocol. It is mostly

used with TCP. The IP addresses in packets help in routing them through different
nodes in a network until it reaches the destination system. TCP/IP is the most
popular protocol connecting the networks.

. User Datagram Protocol (UDP): UDP is a substitute communication protocol to

Transmission Control Protocol implemented primarily for creating loss-tolerating
and low-latency linking between different applications.

. Post office Protocol (POP): POP3 is designed for receiving incoming E-mails.

. Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP): SMTP is designed to send and distribute
outgoing E-Mail.

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 Figure 10 Communication protocols

Server hardware are computers designed to wait for any requests from users or other
computers and then act on that request. Their main purpose is to be there for you, to share
data and perform tasks to keep your workflow smooth and productivity elevated. We can’t
refuse that the benefits bring for us. So, in the develop country, server hardware has shown us
clearly and restricts a lot of risks.

Some types of server hardware

+ Rack server are designed to be mounted in a modular rack design for efficient
management and storage. Rack servers are very versatile in their ability to
manage different tasks and workloads, and they can maximize utility in one
dedicated location.

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 + Blade server are chassis-based servers similar to rack servers, but the more
stripped-down design allows for even more space efficiency than rack servers,
among other key advantages.

+ Tower server are singular computers with the dedicated purpose of a server –
they are housed in a standalone upright cabinet, or “tower”, much like the tower
of a personal desktop computer.

+ Mainframes is a large-scale computer with a sophisticated design and high

workload capacity. Mainframes are large machines – about the size of a
refrigerator or a stacked washer and dryer. They feature many swappable
components, and are highly configurable.

Figure 11 Server hardware

The operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the
computer's memory and processes, as well as all of its software and hardware. It also allows
you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's
language. Without an operating system, a computer is useless. Operating systems usually
come pre-loaded on any computer you buy. Most people use the operating system that comes

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with their computer, but it's possible to upgrade or even change operating systems. The three
most common operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft
Windows, macOS, Linux, so on…

Purpose of operating system:

The operating system interacts with a computer's hardware on a basic level, transmitting your
commands into language the hardware can interpret. The OS acts as a platform for all other
applications on your machine.

Some common operating system: Microsoft Windows, macOS, Linux, so on…

Figure 12 The operating system

Server software is a type of software that is designed to be used, operated and managed on a
computing server. It provides and facilitates the harnessing of underlying server computing
power for use with an array of high-end computing services and functions.

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Some types of server software

+ Application servers: Sometimes referred to as a type of middleware, application

servers occupy a large chunk of computing territory between database servers and the
end user, and they often connect the two.

+ Client server: In the client/server programming model, a server is a program that

awaits and fulfills requests from client programs in the same or other computers. A
given application in a computer may function as a client with requests for services from
other programs and also as a server of requests from other programs.

+ Collaboration server: In many ways, collaboration software, once called ‘groupware,’

demonstrates the original power of the Web. Collaboration software designed to enable
users to collaborate, regardless of location, via the Internet or a corporate intranet and
to work together in a virtual atmosphere.

+ FTP servers: One of the oldest of the Internet services, File Transfer Protocol, makes it
possible to move one or more files securely between computers while providing file
security and organization as well as transfer control.

+ List server: List servers offer a way to better manage mailing lists, whether they be
interactive discussions open to the public or one-way lists that deliver announcements,
newsletters or advertising.

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Web server is a computer that runs websites. It's a computer program that distributes web
pages as they are requisitioned.

Figure 13 Web server

. The basic objectives of web server is to store, process and deliver web pages to the
users. This intercommunication is done using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). These
web pages are mostly static content that includes HTML documents, images, style
sheets, test etc. Server-based computing represents an important part of the way
people access data services, including shared file storage, website hosting and
databases. Although a server is similar to a desktop PC in many respects, its main
objective is to provide information to a group instead of an individual. Because servers
send data through networks, the growth of the Internet has fueled their use and
popularity.

Figure 14 The objectives of web server

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The relationship between communication protocols, server hardware, operating systems and
web server software with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website: You must
have Server hardware likes: CPU, RAM, SSD disk. After that, install the operating system then
keep install web server (host). The client will use any browser (PC, phone,…) send HTTP/HTTPs
to web server, then it receives and compile. After process, it will be return a HTTP response to
client.

Figure 15 Relationship

P3: Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies
and explain how these relate to presentation and application layers

Front-end technologies deals with setting up the UI elements along with the
functionality of a website. All the interaction that a user has with the website is set up

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by a frontend developer. Following are the various technologies which a front-end
developer interacts with while executing these tasks.

There are a lot of technologies in front-end

. HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language for web
pages.

Figure 16 HTML

. Css (Cascading Style Sheets) describes how HTML elements are to be displayed
on screen, paper, or in other media. CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the
layout of multiple web pages all at once. External stylesheets are stored in CSS
files.

Figure 17 CSS

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 .Javascript is the Programming Language for the web. It’s can update and change
both HTML and CSS. Besides, JS can calculate, manipulate and validate data.

Figure 18 JavaScript

Back-end technology refers to the server-side development. It is the term used for the behind-
the-scenes activities that happen when performing any action on a website. It can be logging in
to your account or purchasing a watch from an online store. Backend developer focuses on
databases, scripting, and the architecture of websites. Code written by back-end developers
helps to communicate the database information to the browse.

One of these back-end technologies

. PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) often abbreviated to PHP as a scripting language

or type of code primarily used to develop general-purpose, open source, server-
based applications.

Figure 19 PHP

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The relationship between front-end and back-end

. Meaning of front-end and back-end

- The front end is made up of many different languages and libraries. While these
vary from application to application, there are only a few generic languages
understood by all web browsers. These three main front-end coding languages
are HTML, CSS and JavaScript.

- The back end is also called the data access layer of software or hardware and
includes any functionality that needs to be accessed and navigated to by digital
means.

. Role of front-end and back-end:

- Front-end

+ Determine the structure and design of web pages.

+ Ensuring user experience determines design choices.

+ Developing features to enhance the user experience.

+ Striking a balance between functional and aesthetic design.

+ Ensuring web design is optimized for smartphones.

+ Building reusable code for future use.

+ Optimizing web pages for maximum speed and scalability.

+ Utilizing variety of markup language to write web pages.

+ Maintaining brand consistency throughout design.

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 - Back-end

+ Compile and analyze data, processes, and codes to troubleshoot

problems and identify areas for improvement.

+ Collaborating with the front-end developers and other team members

to establish objectives and design more functional, cohesive codes to
enhance the user experience.

+ Developing ideas for new programs, products, or features by

monitoring industry developments and trends.

+ Recording data and reporting it to proper parties, such as clients or

leadership.

+ Participating in continuing education and training to remain current on

best practices, learn new programming languages, and better assist other
team members.

+ Taking lead on projects, as needed.

. Developer of front-end and back-end

- Front-end also known as client-side development is the practice of producing

HTML, CSS and JavaScript for a website or Web Application so that a user can
see and interact with them directly. The challenge associated with front end
development is that the tools and techniques used to create the front end of a
website change constantly and so the developer needs to constantly be aware
of how the field is developing.

- Backend

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 + Web development languages: Backend engineer should know at least
one server-side programming languages like Java, Python, Ruby, . Net etc.

+ Database and cache: Knowledge of various DBMS technology is another

important need of backend developer. MySQL, MongoDB, Oracle,
SQLServer, Redis are widely used for this purpose. Knowledge of caching
mechanisms like varnish, Memcached, Redis is a plus.

+ Server: Exposure to handling Apache, Nginx, IIS servers, Microsoft IIS is

desirable. A good background in Linux helps tremendously in administering
servers.

+ API (REST and SOAP): Knowledge of web services or API is also important
for full stack developers. Knowledge of creations and consumption of REST
and SOAP services is desirable.

The way how front-end and back-end relate to presentation, application layer: The presentation
layer involve to front-end technique which is communicate directly with users, then send the
request to application layer which is involve to back-end technique to compile it.

. As apply all things above, the minimum things to get started front-end development. We will
do following steps:

+ Set up your work environment: You can think of your work environment as an
extension of your office. It is like a virtual desk that holds the assortment of tools which
make it possible to get your code on. Here are the absolute necessities we need: Code
editor, Framework, resetCSS, CMS, FTP Client and eventually is browser (Chrome,
Microsoft Edge, Firefox, so on…).
+ Learn about these theories: As a designer, you are likely an expert on the following
three theories. This is more of a “refresher” section for those of you who may need some
brushing up, or for those of you who may be new to the field.

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 + Get started with these languages: Web development is rooted in three core languages
which account for nearly everything that you see and use on the internet. When used
alone, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are close to useless. When used in conjunction with
each other, however, the sky is the limit.
+ Host your work: While in Development: As you write the code that makes up your web
page, you will likely want to see it in action so that you can see what is working, what is
not, and what could be executed better. While this could be done “live”, it is highly
recommended to use a local server as it minimizes the risks involved. For an exhaustive
explanation of why you should use a local server, check out this article.

P4: Discuss the differences between online website creation tools and custom built sites with regards
to design flexibility, performance, functionality, user Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI)
Online Website creation tools is a collection of publicly accessible, interlinked Web pages that
share a single domain name. Websites can be created and maintained by an individual, group,
business or organization to serve a variety of purposes. Together, all publicly accessible
websites constitute the World Wide Web.

Figure 20 Online Website (Examples: Amazon)

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Online website creation tools with the design of most templates, what you see is what you get.
You can change the colors and maybe the font but the layout is pretty set. If you really love the
layout and design and do not have a desire to change it, a template could work in your favor.
Start-up companies and DIYers often need a website up rather quickly and on a low budget.
Website templates and platforms like WordPress, Squarespace and Wix are often plug and play.

Custom built website is starts with a creative process to understand who is your target
audience, who do you want to reach, how you want/need the website to function and how do
you want to look on the internet.

Using Templates means that most of the website coding is in place without your developer
lifting a finger. That’s why template sites are much more affordable than custom sites, although
your developer will still have to spend time customizing the template and implementing the
content.

UX (User Experience) design is the process design teams use to create products that provide
meaningful and relevant experiences to users. This involves the design of the entire process of
acquiring and integrating the product, including aspects of branding, design, usability and
function.

UI (User Interface) design is the graphical layout of an application. It consists of the button users
click on, the text they read, the images, sliders, text entry fields, and all the rest of the items the

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user interacts with. This includes screen layout, transitions, interface animations and every single
micro-interaction. Any sort of visual element, interaction, or animation must all be designed. UX
designers are also concerned with an application’s user interface, and this is the reason people
get confused about the difference between the two. But whereas UI designers are tasked with
deciding how the user interface will look, UX designers are in charge of determining how the
user interface operates.

The difference between the online website creation tools and the custom built sites with
regards to design flexibility, performance, functionality, user experience and user interface:

Online creation tools Custom built sites

Design flexibility The flexible is less about
functions because it’s
available template. And some
tools limited the functions if
you use the trial or free.
Performance It’s easily for developer to
design website through
templates of online creation
tools.
It can help designer save
time to create a website fast
and efficient.
Functionality Create the website with
available templates,
functions.
User Experience (UX) Don’t need more experience
because the template is
available. Or the person who
Custom built sites is highly
flexible cause it follows the
opinion of designer
It’s will take many times of
designer to create
completely website.
Custom built site used to
when developers want to
boost more functions in their
website.
Create website with their
way, it’s not depends on
templates of online creation
tools.
It’s depends on experiences
of designer.

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User Interface (UI)
don’t learn can approach it
easily.
Because it’s available
template. so almost website
will similar and not creative.
It depends on designer to
give decision that the
website is pretty or not.
It’s will be difficult for
designer who has little
experiences.
And in custom built sites, it’s
unique and it’s your own.
It also depends on designer
to make the beauty of
website.

References:

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at:<https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/dns/what-is-
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[14] W3schools.com/ What is CSS? [online] Available at:

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