What Is Organizational Behavior - Model, Theories, Scope - PDF Doss

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What is Organizational
Behavior? 
 17 March 2021 -  11 mins read
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What is Organizational Ca teg or y – All

Behavior? Top ic
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Organizational behavior (https://www.geektonight.com
(https: //www.geektonight.com/organizational- /category/b-tech-study-
material/)
behavior/#what-is-organizational-behavior) (OB) is defined as
the systematic study and application of knowledge about how BBA Study Material
(https://www.geektonight.com
individuals and groups act within the organizations where they /category/bba-study-
work. material/)
BCOM Study Material

It is the study of human behavior in organizational settings, how (https://www.geektonight.com
human behavior interacts with the organization, and the /category/bcom-study-
material/)
organization itself. Organizational behavior theories
(https: //www.geektonight.com/organizational- Best Coursera Courses
behavior/#organizational-behavior-theories) inform real-world /category/coursera-courses/)
evaluation and management of groups of people.
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Brand Management
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management/)
Business
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/category/business/)
Table of Contents [Hide] Business Communication x
1 What is Organizational Behavior? /category/business-
communication/)
2 Organizational Behavior Definition
3 Organizational Behavior Theories Business Law
3.1 Bureaucracy Theory
/category/business-law/)
3.2 Scientific Management Theory
Business Statistics
3.3 Process Management Theory
4 Organizational Behavior Concepts /category/business-statistics/)
5 Characteristics of Organizational Behavior (OB)
Certification Answers
6 Need of Organizational Behavior (https://www.geektonight.com
6.1 Explain individual and group behavior /category/certification-
6.2 Predict certain behavioural response to change answers/)
6.3 Control Behavior Cloud Computing

7 Objectives of Organizational Behavior (https://www.geektonight.com
/category/cloud-computing/)
7.1 Human Resources Approach
7.2 Contingency Approach Computer Network
7.3 System Approach
/category/computer-network/)
7.4 Productivity Approach
Consumer Behaviour
8 Key Elements of Organizational Behavior
8.1 People /category/consumer-
8.2 Environment behaviour/)
8.3 Structure Corporate Finance

8.4 Technology (https://www.geektonight.com
/category/corporate-finance/)
9 Contributing Disciplines to the Organizational Behavior field
10 Organizational Behavior Importance Economics
11 Why study Organizational Behavior?
/category/economics/)
11.1 Understand organizational events
11.2 Predict organizational events Entrepreneurship
11.3 Influencing organizational events /category/entrepreneurship/)
12 Challenges for Organizational Behavior
Finance
13 Models of Organisational Behaviour (https://www.geektonight.com
13.1 Inputs /category/finance/)
13.2 Processes Financial Management
13.3 Outcomes x
14 Organizational Behavior Management /category/financial-
management/)
Google Certification
Organisational Behavior: /category/google-
certification/)
Hotel Management 
is a field of study with a common body of knowledge
/category/hotel-
management/)
studies three determinants of behaviour in Organisations – HubSpot Certification x
those of individuals, groups and structures
/category/hubspot-
certification/)
applies the knowledge gained about individuals, groups and
Human Resource
the effect of structure on behaviour in order to make (https://www.geektonight.com
Organisations work more effectively. /category/human-resource/)
Human Resource
Management
Organizational Behavior /category/human-resource-

management/)
Definition Human Resource Planning

/category/human-resource-
planning/)
A field of study that investigates the impact of
Management Accounting
individuals, groups and structures on behaviour (https://www.geektonight.com
within organisations for the purpose of applying /category/management-
accounting/)
such knowledge towards improving an
Organisation’s effectiveness. Management Information
System
— Stephen P Robbins (https://www.geektonight.com
/category/management-
information-system/)
Marketing Essentials
Organizational behavior can be defined as the /category/marketing-
understanding; prediction and management of the essentials/)
human behavior affect the performance of the Marketing Management

organizations. (https://www.geektonight.com
/category/marketing-
— Luthans
management/)
MBA Study Material

/category/mba-study-
material/)
The study and application of knowledge how
people act or behave within organization. It is a MCOM Study Material
(https://www.geektonight.com x
human tool for human benefit. It applies broadly to /category/mcom-study-
the behavior of people in all types of organizations material/)
such as business, government, school and service Organization Development

organizations. (https://www.geektonight.com
/category/organization-
— Davis and Newstrom development/)
Organizational Behavior

/category/organizational-
behavior/)
Organizational Behavior Project Management
x
Theories /category/project-
management/)
3 important stream of classical organizational behavior Puzzle

theories (https: //www.geektonight.com/organizational- /category/puzzle/)
behavior/#organizational-behavior-theories) Management are
Research Methodology
discussed below: (https://www.geektonight.com
/category/research-
1. Bureaucracy Theory methodology/)
(https: //www.geektonight.com/organizational- SEMrush Certification

behavior/#bureaucracy-theory) (https://www.geektonight.com
/category/semrush-
2. Scientific Management Theory certification/)
(https: //www.geektonight.com/organizational-
Software Engineering
behavior/#scientific-management-theory) (https://www.geektonight.com
3. Process Management Theory /category/software-
engineering/)
behavior/#process-management-theory) Strategic Management
/category/strategic-
management/)
Strategy Tools
Bureaucracy Theory (https://www.geektonight.com
/category/strategy-tools/)
Max Weber (1864-1920) a German sociologist introduced the Supply Chain

theory of Bureaucracy. His major contribution to the theory is the
/category/supply-chain/)
concept of authority, structure and its inter-se relationship.
Uncategorized
/category/uncategorized/)
Sea rch Top ic
Search
Weber in his model of bureaucracy stated that there are three

types of authority in any organization. 
Legal authority indicating that a person holds authority x
based on legal position or rank within the hierarchy.
Traditional authority: employees obey a person because he

comes from a traditionally recognized power holding family or
a person belonging to a royal family.
Charismatic authority: which indicates special power or an

appeal that a leader possesses.
Scientific Management Theory

(https://click.linksynergy.com/d
Scientific management approach was developed by F.W. Taylor eeplink?
at the beginning of the 20th century. id=bRlYYE3R7kA&mid=39197
&murl=https%3A%2F%2Fww
w.udemy.com%2F&utm_sourc
This theory supported the use of certain steps in e=website_before_content&ut
scientifically studying each element of a job, selecting and m_medium=banner&utm_cam
paign=diwali&utm_id=udemy_
training the best workers for the job.
nov)
It provided a scientific rationale for job specialization and

mass production. His assumption was that employees are
motivated largely by money.
Taylor recommended co-operation among workers as

against chaotic individualism.
Process Management Theory

x
Process Management Theory is also known as Administrative
theory. Fayol looked at the problems from the top management
point of view.
He has used the term ‘administration’ instead of management

emphasising that there is unity of science of administration. He
has emphasised that principles of management are

x
Read: What is Personality?
(https://www.geektonight.com/personality-in-
organisational-behavior-definition-determinants-
nature/)
Concepts
The fundamental concepts of organizational behavior
(https://www.geektonight.com/organizational-
behavior/#organizational-behavior-concepts) are;
Individual Differences.
Perception
A whole Person
Motivated Behavior
The desire for Involvement
The value of the Person
Human Dignity x
Organizations are Social System
Mutuality of Interest
Holistic Concept
Characteristics of 
Organizational Behavior (OB)
x
Characteristics of Organizational Behavior
behavior/#characteristics-of-organizational-behavior-ob) are:
1. Separate Field of Study and not a Discipline Only
OB is based on multi-interdisciplinary orientation and is, thus,

it is not based on a specific theoretical background.
2. An Interdisciplinary Approach
Organizational behavior is an applied behavioral science built

on contributions from a number of behavioral disciplines,
mainly psychology and social psychology, sociology, and
anthropology.
3. Applied Science
OB can be called both science as well as art because it

involve both applied research and its application in
organizational analysis.
4. Normative Science
OB describes how the findings of applied research can be

applied to socially accepted organizational goals whereas the
positive science discusses the only cause-effect relationship
x
5. Humanistic and Optimistic Approach
OB deals with the people and their interaction with

organisations.

6. Total System Approach x
System approach is one that integrates all the variables,

affecting organizational functioning.
Read: What is Perception?

(https://www.geektonight.com/perception/)
Need of Organizational
Behavior
The Organizational Behavior Importance
(https://www.geektonight.com/organizational-behavior/#need-
of-organizational-behavior) can be discussed as follows:
1. Explain individual and group behavior

behavior/#explain-individual-and-group-behavior)
2. Predict certain behavioural response to change
behavior/#predict-certain-behavioural-response-to-change)
3. Control Behavior
behavior/#control-behavior)
Explain individual and group behavior

We are pursuing the explanation objective when we want to
know why individuals or groups behave the way they do.
x
For example, if the turnover rate in an Organisation is very high,
we want to know the reason, so that action can be taken to
correct the situation in the future.

Predict certain behavioural response to
change
Prediction seeks to determine what outcomes will result from a x
given action. Having a sound knowledge of OB will help the
manager to predict certain behavioural responses to change.
In this way, the manager can anticipate which approaches will

generate the least degree of employee resistance and use that
information in making decisions.
Control Behavior
The knowledge of OB can be used by managers to control
behaviour.
Managers frequently see the control objective as the
most valuable contribution
that OB makes toward their
effectiveness on the job.
Go To Section: | Organizational Behavior Theories

behavior/#organizational-behavior-theories) | Organizational
Behavior Concepts
(https://www.geektonight.com/organizational- x
behavior/#organizational-behavior-concepts) | What is
Organizational Behavior?
(https://www.geektonight.com/organizational-behavior/#what-
is-organizational-behavior) | Organizational Behavior
Importance (https://www.geektonight.com/organizational-
behavior/#organizational-behavior-importance) | 
Objectives of Organizational x
Behavior
Organizational behavior
behavior/#organizational-behavior-definition) has four
important roles and Objectives of Organizational Behavior
behavior/#objectives-of-organizational-behavior) are discussed
below:
1. Human resources approach

behavior/#human-resources-approach)
2. Contingency approach
behavior/#contingency-approach)
3. System approach
behavior/#system-approach)
4. Productivity approach
behavior/#productivity-approach)
4 Approaches to Organizational Behavior studies
Human Resources Approach

Organizational behaviour is mainly interested in the
development of its human resources.
x
The employees’ growth and development in an organization are
basic requirements for its continuous growth and survival.
Traditionally, managers were important for deciding on task

performances and carrying them out successfully under their
directions.

Contingency Approach x
Behavioural science is being used for solving problems which

may arise at any time. Behavioural knowledge is being applied
to solve these problems. Employees are therefore trained to
face any sort of problems. They should have the capacity to
meet the challenges of the environment.
Different situations require different functions and

behavioural
approaches. It is known as the contingency approach because it
believes that there is no such thing as the best way to handle
the problem.
The contingency approach is an interdisciplinary and

systemoriented approach of management. There is no perfect
style of management.
System Approach
The system approach includes several subsystems which exist
in an organization, and therefore affect each other. Managers
have to look
beyond immediate situations to foresee future
situations.
The purpose is to improve organizational behaviour for

effective management. A system is developed where people
work in a congenial atmosphere. 
Productivity Approach x
The ultimate objective of organizational behaviour is to increase

productivity. With the given inputs, if production is improved, it
is a symbol of productivity improvement.
The human behaviour is developed for performing jobs in an

effective manner. If people’s knowledge and skills are developed,
their
abilities to perform tasks also increase. Organizational
behaviour influences
people’s knowledge, skill, attitude, ability
and performance potential.
Read: What is Learning?

(https://www.geektonight.com/what-is-learning/)
Key Elements of Organizational

Behavior
4 elements of organizational behavior are:
1. People (https: //www.geektonight.com/organizational-

behavior/#people)
2. Environment (https: //www.geektonight.com/organizational-
behavior/#environment )
3. Structure (https: //www.geektonight.com/organizational-
behavior/#structure)
4. Technology (https: //www.geektonight.com/organizational-
behavior/#technology)
x

x
Elements of Organizational Behaviour
People
People are the main component of any organization that has to
be managed. Every individual has a personal goal to be
achieved.
Organizations must identify the need spectrum of individuals

and take suitable steps for its fulfillment to enable them to
perform effectively so that they complete their allotted task in
x
time.
Environment
When we talk about managing people in the organization, what
we have to study and manage is the influence of culture and its

impact on the individual.
Study of the environment is very wide and encompasses x
economic, cultural, social, government rules and regulations,
legal aspects, political climate, demographics and its impact.
Structure
There are two types of organizations, formal and informal.
Informal organizations do not have a specified structure.
Formal organizations are build based upon the objective set

for it. Organizational structure in such organization is
hierarchical in nature, with people at each level having their
own objectives.objectives.
Technology
Managing technology is an important job of any management. It
is an important element of any unit. Selection of technology,
procurement,
installation, operation and maintenance is
important and no compromise should
be made in procuring
latest or advanced technology.
Read: What is Attitude?

(https://www.geektonight.com/what-is-attitude-
meaning-functions-types-importance-components/)
x
Contributing Disciplines to the
Organizational Behavior field
Organizational behavior is an applied behavioral science
built on
contributions from a number of behavioral disciplines, mainly
psychology and social psychology, sociology, and anthropology. 
The major disciplines are:
x
Psychology
Sociology
Social Psychology
Anthropology
Political Sciences
Economics

Contributing Disciplines to the Organizational Behavior field
x
Importance
Importance of Organizational Behavior are:
OB provides a road map to our lives in organizations
Every one of us has an inherent need to know about the

world in which we live. This is particularly true in
organizations, as they have a profound effect on our actions
and behaviours.
OB uses scientific research to help us understand and

predict organizational life
This is not to say that this knowledge is absolute. The

decisions and actions that people in organizations make are
determined by a complex combination of factors. Besides, the
field of OB is not a pure science.
OB helps us influence organizational events
Though it is good to understand and predict organizational

events, most of us want to influence the environment in which
we live.
x
OB helps an individual understand himself/herself and
others better
This helps improve interpersonal relations considerably. Of

particular significance are topics like attitude, perception,
leadership, communication, and conflict, an understanding of 
which will change the very style of talking and functioning of
an individual.
x
OB is useful for maintaining cordial industrial relations
If an employee is slow in his or her work, or if his or her

productivity is steadily declining, it is not always because of
denial of promotion or a poor work environment. The relations
between management and employees are often strained for
reasons which are personnel issues, not technical.
It is a discipline which enables a manager to motivate his or

her subordinates towards higher productivity and better
results.
Read: What is Motivation?

(https://www.geektonight.com/what-is-motivation/)
Why study Organizational

Behavior?
1. Understand organizational events
2. Predict organizational events
3. Influencing organizational events

Why study organizational behaviour
x
Understand organizational events

The main reason for studying organizational behaviour is that
most of us work in organizations, so we need to understand,
predict, and influence the behaviours of others in organizational
settings.
But all of us need organizational behaviour knowledge to

address people issues when we try to apply marketing,
computer science, and
other ideas.
Predict organizational events

Satisfying the need to understand and predict
Every one of us has an inherent need to know about the world

in which we live. This is particularly true in organizations
because of their
profound effect on our lives.
Influencing organizational events

It’s nice to understand and predict organizational events,
but
most of us want to influence the environment in which we live.
OB knowledge
will help you to influence organizational events.
Challenges for Organizational

Behavior x
The Changing Social and Cultural Environment

The Evolving Global Environment
Advancing Information Technology
Shifting Workforce Diversity and Employment Relationships
Responding to Economic Pressures
Improving People Skills

Helping Employees Balance Work–Life Conflicts
x
Read: What is Assessment Centre?
(https://www.geektonight.com/assessment-centre/)
Models of Organisational
Behaviour
OB Model (https: //www.geektonight.com/organizational-
behavior/#models-of-organisational-behaviour) proposes
three types of variables (inputs, processes, and outcomes) at
three levels of analysis (individual, group, and organizational).
The model proceeds from left to right, with inputs leading to

processes and processes leading to outcomes. Notice that the
model also shows that outcomes can influence inputs in the
future.

x
Models of Organisational Behaviour
Three types of variables of OD Model:
1. Inputs (https://www.geektonight.com/organizational-
behavior/#inputs)
2. Processes (https://www.geektonight.com/organizational-
behavior/#processes)
3. Outcomes (https://www.geektonight.com/organizational-
behavior/#outcomes)
Inputs
Inputs are the variables like personality, group structure, and
organizational culture that lead to processes. These variables set
the stage for what will occur in an organization later.
Processes
x
Processes are actions that individuals, groups, and
organizations engage in as a result of inputs and that lead to
certain outcomes.

Outcomes
Outcomes are the key variables that you want to explain or x
predict, and that are affected by some other variables.
Read: Theories of Personality

(https://www.geektonight.com/theories-of-
personality/)
Management
Organizational behavior management
behavior/#organizational-behavior-management) (OBM) is a
form of applied behavior analysis (ABA) which applies
psychological principles of organizational behavior and the
experimental analysis of behavior to organizations to improve
individual and group performance and worker safety.
The areas of application may include systems analysis,

management, training, and performance improvement. OBM
resembles human resource management but places more
emphasis on ABA and systems-level focus. (Wikipedia
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_behavior_managem
ent))
Reference

x
1. Robbins, Stephen P. 2010. Organizational Behaviour. New

Delhi: Prentice Hall.
2. Davis, Keith. 2010. Organizational Behavior: Human Behavior
at Work. New York: McGraw Hill.
3. Binney George (1992) “Making Quality Work” Lessons from
Europe’s Leading Companies.London: The Economist
Intelligence Unit
(https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/2665504).
4. Organizational Behavior by Cite.com
(https://www.citehr.com/3279-attrition-organizational-
behavior.html).
5. Sekaran Uma. “Organizational Behaviour” Text and Cases,
Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
6. Fred Luthans, “Organizational Behaviour”, McGraw Hills,
International Edition, 7th Edition, 1995.
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What is Organizational Behavior?  (https://www.geektonight.com) > Human Resource (https:/

What is Organizational Ca teg or y – All

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Organizational Behavior /category/human-resource-

Definition Human Resource Planning

human behavior affect the performance of the Marketing Management

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such as business, government, school and service Organization Development

3 important stream of classical organizational behavior Puzzle

(https: //www.geektonight.com/organizational- SEMrush Certification

Max Weber (1864-1920) a German sociologist introduced the Supply Chain

Sea rch Top ic

Weber in his model of bureaucracy stated that there are three

Traditional authority: employees obey a person because he

Charismatic authority: which indicates special power or an

Scientific Management Theory

It provided a scientific rationale for job specialization and

Taylor recommended co-operation among workers as

Process Management Theory

He has used the term ‘administration’ instead of management

1. Separate Field of Study and not a Discipline Only

OB is based on multi-interdisciplinary orientation and is, thus,

Organizational behavior is an applied behavioral science built

OB can be called both science as well as art because it

OB describes how the findings of applied research can be

5. Humanistic and Optimistic Approach

OB deals with the people and their interaction with

System approach is one that integrates all the variables,

Read: What is Perception?

1. Explain individual and group behavior

Explain individual and group behavior

In this way, the manager can anticipate which approaches will

Go To Section: | Organizational Behavior Theories

1. Human resources approach

4 Approaches to Organizational Behavior studies

Human Resources Approach

Traditionally, managers were important for deciding on task

Behavioural science is being used for solving problems which

Different situations require different functions and

The contingency approach is an interdisciplinary and

The purpose is to improve organizational behaviour for

The ultimate objective of organizational behaviour is to increase

The human behaviour is developed for performing jobs in an

Read: What is Learning?

Key Elements of Organizational

1. People (https: //www.geektonight.com/organizational-

Elements of Organizational Behaviour

Organizations must identify the need spectrum of individuals

Informal organizations do not have a specified structure.

Formal organizations are build based upon the objective set

Read: What is Attitude?

OB provides a road map to our lives in organizations