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    Francesco Tortello Cannata
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    The document discusses chromosome basics and inheritance, including: 1) The number of diploid chromosomes varies across species from 12 in nematodes to 200 in Cambarus Clarki. 2) Theodor Boveri in 1902 proposed that it is not the number of chromosomes but the specific combination that is essential for normal development. 3) Meiosis ensures germ cells have a haploid set of chromosomes and generates genetic variation through independent assortment and recombination of homologous chromosomes.

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    The document discusses chromosome basics and inheritance, including: 1) The number of diploid chromosomes varies across species from 12 in nematodes to 200 in Cambarus Clarki. 2) Theodor Boveri in 1902 proposed that it is not the number of chromosomes but the specific combination that is essential for normal development. 3) Meiosis ensures germ cells have a haploid set of chromosomes and generates genetic variation through independent assortment and recombination of homologous chromosomes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    4 views61 pages

    2 Mitosi e Meiosi

    Uploaded by

    Francesco Tortello Cannata
    The document discusses chromosome basics and inheritance, including: 1) The number of diploid chromosomes varies across species from 12 in nematodes to 200 in Cambarus Clarki. 2) Theodor Boveri in 1902 proposed that it is not the number of chromosomes but the specific combination that is essential for normal development. 3) Meiosis ensures germ cells have a haploid set of chromosomes and generates genetic variation through independent assortment and recombination of homologous chromosomes.

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    of 61

    Basi cromosomiche

    dell’ereditarietà
    • Cummings: cap. 2, 3
    • Griffiths: cap 3,4
    • Russell: cap 12, 15

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    02_08.jpg

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Numero diploide di cromosomi in
    organismi diversi
    Uomo 46
    Topo 40
    Granturco 20
    Drosophila 8
    Xenopus levis (rospo) 36
    C. Elegans (nematode) 12
    Cane 78
    Cambarus Clarki 200

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Saturday, March 17, 12
    5

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    6

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Theodor Boveri
    1902
    • “Quindi, rimane una sola possibilità, e cioè
    che non sia un numero definito ma una
    definita combinazione di cromosomi che è
    essenziale per uno sviluppo normale, e
    questo significa niente altro che ogni
    cromosoma possiede qualità diverse. Al
    momento siamo incapaci di assegnare un
    quadro più preciso a questa irrefutabile
    conclusione”
    7

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Saturday, March 17, 12
    Saturday, March 17, 12
    Saturday, March 17, 12
    Saturday, March 17, 12
    17_14.jpg

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Saturday, March 17, 12
    Saturday, March 17, 12
    Saturday, March 17, 12
    Saturday, March 17, 12
    Saturday, March 17, 12
    Saturday, March 17, 12
    Saturday, March 17, 12
    Saturday, March 17, 12
    Saturday, March 17, 12
    LA MITOSI
    • Assicura che ogni cellula di un organismo
    abbia lo stesso corredo cromosomico
    • E’ costituita da una duplicazione dei
    cromosomi seguita da una divisione
    cellulare

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    LA MEIOSI

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    22

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    22

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Saturday, March 17, 12
    24

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Saturday, March 17, 12
    Saturday, March 17, 12
    Key stages of meiosis and mitosis

    Figure 2-15 part 1

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Key stages of meiosis and mitosis

    Figure 2-15 part 2

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Key stages of meiosis and mitosis

    Figure 2-15 part 3

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Key stages of meiosis and mitosis

    Figure 2-15 part 4

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Key stages of meiosis and mitosis

    Figure 2-15 part 5

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Key stages of meiosis and mitosis

    Figure 2-15 part 6

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Key stages of meiosis and mitosis

    Figure 2-15 part 7

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Key stages of meiosis and mitosis

    Figure 2-15 part 8

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Key stages of meiosis and mitosis

    Figure 2-15 part 9

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Key stages of meiosis and mitosis

    Figure 2-15 part 10

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Key stages of meiosis and mitosis

    Figure 2-15 part 11

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Key stages of meiosis and mitosis

    Figure 2-15 part 12

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Key stages of meiosis and mitosis

    Figure 2-15 part 13

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Key stages of meiosis and mitosis

    Figure 2-15 part 14

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Key stages of meiosis and mitosis

    Figure 2-15 part 15

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Saturday, March 17, 12
    Saturday, March 17, 12
    B

    B
    b

    B B

    B B
    b b

    b b

    B B

    B B

    b b

    b b

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    B B

    B B

    b b

    b b

    B B

    B B

    b b

    b b

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Saturday, March 17, 12
    02_10.jpg

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Il numero di possibili combinazioni
    cromosomiche nella meiosi di un singolo
    individuo (= Numero di gameti diversi) e’ 2n,
    con n=numero aploide di cromosomi.

    Nella specie umana=223=8,388,608

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    LA MEIOSI
    • Assicura che le cellule germinali abbiano un corredo
    aploide di cromosomi
    • E’ costituita da una duplicazione dei cromosomi
    seguita da due divisioni cellulari
    • E’ il modo di divisione cellulare utilizzato dalle
    cellule della linea germinale
    • Nella meiosi si realizza l’assortimento indipendente
    di cromosomi
    • La ricombinazione tra cromosomi omologhi realizza
    una ulteriore fonte di variabilità nella meiosi

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Saturday, March 17, 12
    Saturday, March 17, 12
    Saturday, March 17, 12
    Saturday, March 17, 12
    Legato ad X dominante

    Saturday, March 17, 12


    Saturday, March 17, 12
    Saturday, March 17, 12
    Saturday, March 17, 12
    Determinazione del sesso nella specie umana

    46, XX= Femmina 46, XY= Maschio

    47, XXY= Maschio (Sindrome di Klinefelter)

    45, X= Femmina (Sindrome di Turner)

    Nella specie umana il cromosoma Y determina il sesso maschile

    Saturday, March 17, 12

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