Professional Documents
Culture Documents
in−>
> https:
://t.m
me/the
ehindu000
© Publisher
Edition - Sixth
Edition Year - 2022
INDEX
Writer - SSGC
M.R.P.: 490/- INDIAN HISTORY nd
ISBN : 978-93-90927-64-7 (2 in 8 Part Series)
Printed at -
Core Publishing Solution Chapter Page No. Chapter Page No.
I. Ancient History of India 11. Political Organisation Established before B437-B443
1. Stone Age B9-B16 Congress
Contact :
2. Indus Valley Civilization B16-B31 12. Indian National Congress B443-B452
Sam-Samayik 3. Vedic Age B31-B48 13. Moderates and Extremists B452-B458
4. Buddhism B48-B69 in Congress
Ghatna Chakra
5. Jain Religion B69-B79 14. Revolutionary Movement in India B458-B473
188A/128, Chruchlane, 6. Shaiva, Bhagavata Religion B79-B85 15. Revolutionary Activities Outside India B473-B478
7. Sixth century B.C.E - Political Condition B85-B95 16. Partition of Bengal and Swadeshi B478-B484
Allenganj, Prayagraj 8. Greek Invasion B95-B96 Movement
hehindu000
(Allahabad) - 211002 9. Maurya Empire B96-B117 17. Congress: Banaras, Culcutta, and Surat B484-B488
Ph.: 0532-2465524, 2465525 10. Post-Mauryan Period B117-B126 Session
11. Gupta and Post-Gupta Period B126-B149 18. Formation of Muslim League (1906) B488-B490
Mob.: 9335140296 12. Architecture in Ancient India B149-B163 19. Morley-Minto Reforms B490-B491
e-mail : ssgcald@yahoo.co.in 13. South India (Chola, Chalukya, Pallava B163-B176 20. Delhi Durbar and Change of Capital B491-B492
and Sangam Period) 21. Lucknow Session of Congress B492-B494
Website : ssgcp.com 14. Ancient Literature and Litterateur B176-B185 (The Lucknow Pact)
e-shop : shop.ssgcp.com 15. Pre-Medieval Period B185-B192 22. Home Rule League Movement B494-B496
Join−> https://t.me/th
II. Medieval History of India 23. Gandhi and His Early Movement B497-B513
1. Muslim Invasion of India B193-B198 24. Peasant Movement and Kisan Sabha B513-B519
Copyright 2021, by Sam- 2. Delhi Sultanate: Slave Dynasty B198-B204 25. Trade Union and Communist Party B519-B522
3. Khalji Dynasty B204-B209 26. Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh B522-B528
Samayik Ghatna Chakra
4. Tughluq Dynasty B209-B217 Massacre (1919)
Private Limited. No Part of this 5. Lodi Dynasty B217-B219 27. Khilafat Movement B528-B530
publication may be reproduces 6. Vijayanagara Empire B219-B225 28. Non-Cooperation Movement B531-B538
or distributed in any form or by 7. Delhi Sultanate: Administration B225-B229 29. Formation of Swaraj Party (1923) B538-B541
any means, electronic, 8. Delhi Sultanate: Art and Architecture B229-B231 30. Simon Commission (1927) B541-B545
9. Delhi Sultanate: Literature B231-B235 31. Lahore Session of Congress, Proposal B545-B548
mechanical, photocopying,
10. Delhi Sultanate : Miscellaneous B235-B240 of Complete Independence (1929)
recording or otherwise or 11. Provincial Dynasty of North India B240-B245 32. Civil Disobedience Movement B548-B555
stored in database or retrieval and Deccan Province 33. Gandhi-Irwin Pact B555-B556
system without the prior 12. Bhakti and Sufi Movement B245-B259 34. Karachi Session of Congress (1931) B556-B558
written permission of 13. Mughal Dynasty : Babur B259-B263 35. Round Table Conference B558-B561
publisher. The program listings 14. Humayun and Sher Shah B263-B267 36. Communal Award And Poona B562-B565
15. Akbar B268-B280 Pact (1932)
(if any) may be entered stored 16. Jahangir B280-B285 37. Congress Socialist Party (1934) B565-B568
and exeuted in a computer 17. Shah Jahan B285-B288 38. Provincial Election and Formation B568-B570
system, but they may not be 18. Aurangzeb B289-B293 of Cabinet (1937)
reproduced for publication. 19. Mughal Administration B293-B298 39. Tripuri Crisis of Congress (1939) B570-B572
20. Music and Paintings of Mughal Period B298-B302 40. Indian Princely States B572-B574
21. Mughal Literature B302-B305 41. Second World War B574-B575
Writer & Associates : 22. Mughal Period : Miscellaneous B305-B313 42. Demand for Pakistan B575-B578
23. Sikh Sect B313-B316 43. Individual Satyagrah (1940) B578-B579
l Kameshwar Shukla 24. Maratha State and Confederacy B316-B323 44. Cripps Mission (1942) B579-B580
25. Disintegration of the Mughal Empire B323-B325 45. Quit India Movement B581-B591
l Dr. Vivek K. Tripathi III. Modern History of India 46. Subhash Chandra Bose and Azad B591-B597
l Vivek Tripathi 1. Advent of European Companies B326-B334 Hind Fauj
2. East India Company and Nawab of Bengal B334-B340 47. Cabinet Mission Plan (1946) B597-B600
l Abhay Pandey 3. Regional States: Punjab and Mysore B340-B344 48. Constituent Assembly (1946) B600-B602
4. Governor/Governor General/ Viceroy B344-B365 49. Formation of Interim Government (1946) B602-B604
l Vinod K. Tripathi 5. Economic Impact of British Rule on India B365-B372 50. Partition of India and Independence B604-B612
6. Revolt of 1857 B372-B386 51. Constitutional Development of India B612-B624
l Vimal K. Shukla
7. Other Civil Uprisings B386-B400 52. Modern History : Miscellaneous B625-B675
l Arpit Mishra 8. Development of Education in Modern India B400-B406 53. Magazines, Books And Their Authors B676-B704
9. Development of Press in Modern India B406-B416 54. Art and Culture B705-B732
l Vicky Raj 10. Social Religious Movement B417-B437 55. Award B732-B736
B–2
Question Paper Analysis
225 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) based question papers of General Studies of Union and State Public Service
Commission preliminary and mains are integrated in this release. Detailed list of 225 question papers are as follows:
No. of Ques.
IAS Pre exam 2011-2021 100 × 11 1100
IAS Pre exam 1993-2010 150 × 18 2700
UP PCS Pre exam 1998-2021 150 × 25 3700
UP PCS Pre exam 1990-1997 120 × 8 960
UP PCS Mains exam 2002-2003 150 × 2 300
UP PCS Mains exam (including special exams) 2004-2017 150 × 31 4650
UP PSCGIC exam 2010 and 2017 150 × 3 450
UP (UDA/LDA) Pre exam 2001-2006 150 × 3 450
UP (RO/ARO) Pre exam (General and Special exam) 2010-2018, 2021 140 × 8 1120
UP (UDA/LDA) Mains exam (General and Special exam) 2010-2014 120 × 5 600
UP Lower Subordinate Pre exam (General and Special exam) 1998-2009 100 × 11 1100
u000
UP Lower Subordinate Pre exam (General and Special exam) 2013-2015 150 × 2 300
UP Lower Subordinate Mains exam (General and Special exam) 2013, 2015, 2016 120 × 3 360
−> https://t.me/thehindu
Jharkhand PCS Pre exam 2013, 2016 & 2021 100 × 5 500
225 28805
After exclusion of repeated questions from above questions of 225 papers around 28800 questions have been
categorized as following:
ü Current Affairs
ü History of India and Indian National Movement
ü Indian and World Geography
ü Indian Polity and Governance
ü Economic and Social Development
ü General issues on Environmental Ecology
ü General Science
ü State Related Question
nd
In this sixth edition of PREVIEW ( iwokZoyksdu ) series, we are presenting Indian History in 2 section. As per the
new revised format, 4925 questions have been collected from 225 question papers of Union and States Civil Service
Examinations. After elimination of 609 repetitive questions, 4316 questions have been included in this section. Repeated
questions were given below the original questions so that our aspirants can analyze the trend of repetitive questions.
B–7
, $QFLHQW+LVWRU\RI,QGLD
6WRQH$JH SLHFHVRIHYLGHQFHRIGRPHVWLFDWLRQRIDQLPDOVLQ,QGLDKDYH
EHHQ IRXQG DW$GDPJDUK +RVKDQJDEDG 03 DQG %DJRU
7KH SHULRG ZLWKRXW D GRFXPHQWHG HYLGHQFH RI LWV KLVWRU\ %KLOZDUD5DMDVWKDQ
$ODUJHQXPEHURILPSOHPHQWVPDGH
LV FDOOHG 3UHKLVWRULF SHULRG 3URWRKLVWRULF SHULRG LV WKH RIERQHVDQGKRUQVKDYHEHHQIRXQGIURPWKH0HVROLWKLFVLWH
SHULRG KDYLQJ VKUHGV RI HYLGHQFH RI D VFULSW ZKLFK LV VWLOO 0DKDGDKDORFDWHGLQ3UDWDSJDUKGLVWULFWRI837KHERRN
QRW GHFLSKHUHG 3URWRKLVWRULF UHIHUV WR WKH SHULRG EHWZHHQ HQWLWOHG
3XUDWDWWYD9LPDUVK
ZULWWHQE\'U-DL1DUD\DQ3DQGH\
SUHKLVWRULFDQGKLVWRULFDOSHULRG
7KHWLPHDIWHUZKLFKZHJHW GHVFULEHVYDULRXVSRLQWHGREMHFWVDQGRUQDPHQWVPDGHRIERQHV
GRFXPHQWHGGHVFULSWLRQLVFDOOHGKLVWRULFSHULRG
6WRQH$JH ZKLFK KDYH EHHQ UHSRUWHG IURP 6DUDL 1DKDU 5DL 'DPGDPD
FRPHVXQGHUWKH3UHKLVWRULFSHULRG
,QGXVYDOOH\FLYLOL]DWLRQ DQG0DKDGDKD
'DPGDPDLVD0HVROLWKLFVLWHLQ3UDWDSJDUK
DQG&RSSHU$JHFXOWXUHFRPHVXQGHUWKHSURWRKLVWRULFSHULRG GLVWULFW RI 8WWDU 3UDGHVK ,Q 'DPGDPD KXPDQ JUDYHV
7KHKLVWRULFDOSHULRGVWDUWVIURP9HGLF&XOWXUH
,Q,QGLDWKH KDYH EHHQ IRXQG 2XW RI WKHVH JUDYHV DUH GRXEOH EXULDO
UHVHDUFKRQ6WRQH$JH&LYLOL]DWLRQVWDUWHGDW¿UVWLQ7KH 2QHWULSOHEXULDOJUDYHLVDOVRIRXQGKHUH$JUDYHZLWKIRXU
ZKROH6WRQH$JHKDVEHHQFDWHJRUL]HGLQWRWKUHHSDUWVRQWKH KXPDQVNHOHWRQVKDVEHHQIRXQGDW6DUDL1DKDU5DL
EDVLVRIGL൵HUHQFHRIWRROVXVHG7KHVHDUH3DODHROLWKLFSHULRG
7KH0HJDOLWKVXVXDOO\UHIHUWRWKHEXULDOVPDGHXSRIODUJH
0HVROLWKLFSHULRGDQG1HROLWKLFSHULRG VWRQHVLQJUDYH\DUGVDZD\IURPWKHKDELWDWLRQDUHD$ODUJH
3DOHROLWKLF3HULRGLVIXUWKHUFDWHJRUL]HGLQWRWKUHHSHULRGVRQ IUDFWLRQ RI WKHVH LV DVVXPHG WR EH DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK EXULDO RU
WKHVDPHEDVLV SRVWEXULDOULWXDOVLQFOXGLQJPHPRULDOVIRUWKRVHZKRVHUHPDLQV
L 7KH /RZHU 3DODHROLWKLF SHULRG +DQGD[H &OHDYHU PD\RUPD\QRWEHDYDLODEOH6RPHRIWKHVHDUH&KDPEHUWRPE
&KRSSHUHWF 'ROPHQV6WRQHDOLJQPHQW6WRQHFLUFOHFURPOHFK3LWFLUFOHVHWF
LL7KH0LGGOH3DODHROLWKLFSHULRG3RLQWV%RUHU6FUDSSHU
$FFRUGLQJWR
3XUDWDWYD9LPDUVK
E\-13DQGH\KXPDQ
LLL7KH8SSHU3DOHROLWKLFSHULRG%XULQV VNHOHWRQV ZHUH IRXQG IURP URFN VKHOWHU RI /HNKDKL\D LQ
&KRSSHUFKRSSLQJSHEEOHSLHFHVRIWRROVZHUHDW¿UVWREWDLQHG WKH9LQGK\DUHJLRQ6RPHRIWKHVHZHUHLQUHODWLYHO\SULVWLQH
IURP6RKDQULYHUYDOOH\RI3XQMDE3DNLVWDQ$W¿UVWKDQG FRQGLWLRQZKLOHPRVWRIWKHRWKHUVZHUHZDUSHG
$FFRUGLQJWR
D[H SLHFHV RI HTXLSPHQW ZHUH IRXQG LQ 9DGDPDGXUDL DQG -RKQ5/XFDVRI2UHJRQ8QLYHUVLW\WKH86$UHPQDQWVRI
$WWLUDSDNNDP QHDU 0DGUDV 2WKHU WRROV RI WKLV FXOWXUH DUH KXPDQVNHOHWRQVZHUHIRXQGLQ/HNKDKL\D
7KHURFNVKHOWHUV
FOHDYHU VFUDSHU HWF
5REHUW %UXFH )RRWH ZDV D %ULWLVK RI%KLPEHWNDDUHORFDWHGNPZHVWRI%KRSDO81(6&2
JHRORJLVWDQG$UFKHRORJLVW
7KHH[SHGLWLRQRI/&DPEULGJH KDVLQFOXGHGWKHVKHOOSLFWXUHVRI%KLPEHWNDLQWKHOLVWRILWV
WHDPXQGHUWKHOHDGHUVKLSRI'7HUDGLGWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQW ZRUOGKHULWDJH7KHVHFDYHVH[KLELWWKHHDUOLHVWWUDFHVRIKXPDQ
UHVHDUFKLQ6RKDQYDOOH\LQ
,Q%HODQYDOOH\WKHUHVHDUFK OLIHRQWKH,QGLDQVXEFRQWLQHQWDQGLQFOXGHWKHSLFWXUHVRIDQ
ZDVFDUULHGXQGHUWKHGLUHFWLRQRI*56KDUPDRI$OODKDEDG HOHSKDQWVDPEKDUGHHUHWF
8QLYHUVLW\1HDUO\DUFKDHRORJLFDOVLWHVZHUHIRXQGLQWKLV
*UDLQVZHUH¿UVWHYHUSURGXFHGLQ1HROLWKLF$JH,WZDVWKH
YDOOH\ZKLFKLVUHODWHGWRWKHORZHU3DOHROLWKLFSHULRG
$SDUW WLPHZKHQSHRSOHZHUHLQWURGXFHGWRDJULFXOWXUH.ROGLKZDDQG
IURPWRROVWKHVWDWXHRIERQHPDGH0RWKHU*RGGHVVRIWKLV 0HKUJDUKZHUHWKHWZR1HROLWKLFYLOODJHVIURPZKHUHFOHDU
DJHZDVREWDLQHGIURP/RKDQGD1DODUHJLRQRI%HODQ9DOOH\ SLHFHV HYLGHQFH RI ULFH DQG ZKHDW KDYH EHHQ IRXQG
7KHUH
ZKLFKLVFXUUHQWO\SUHVHUYHGDWWKH.DXVKDPELPXVHXP DUH PDLQO\ HLJKW W\SHV RI IRRG JUDLQV FRQVXPHG E\ PRGHUQ
7KHOLIHRI3DODHROLWKLFSHRSOHZDVFRPSOHWHO\QDWXUDO7KH\ KXPDQVRFLHW\QDPHO\EDUOH\ZKHDWPDL]HPLOOHWVRUJKXP
ZHUHSULPDULO\GHSHQGHQWRQKXQWLQJ7KH\ZHUHXQIDPLOLDU PXVWDUGRDWDQGULFH7KHVHFURSVZHUHSUHVHQWLQWKHIRUPRI
ZLWK ILUH VR WKH\ DWH UDZ PHDW 3DOHROLWKLF SHRSOH ZHUH ZHHGLQGL൵HUHQWDUHDVZKLFKZHUHODWHUJURZQDVVHHGE\D
XQIDPLOLDU ZLWK IDUPLQJ DQG DQLPDO KXVEDQGU\
:H KXPDQEHLQJDWGL൵HUHQWSODFHVDWGL൵HUHQWWLPHV%DUOH\ZDV
FDPHWRNQRZDERXW0HVROLWKLFSHULRGRQO\DIWHU&/&DUO\OH WKH¿UVWJUDLQWREHFXOWLYDWHGE\KXPDQEHLQJVGXULQJ
GLVFRYHUHGWKH5RFN3DLQWLQJIURP9LQGK\DUHJLRQ %&LQZHVWHUQ$VLDQFRXQWULHVORFDWHGEHWZHHQWKHQRUWKHDVW
$FFRUGLQJ WR WKH H[FDYDWHG HYLGHQFH WKH GRPHVWLFDWLRQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HDDQG,UDQ/DWHULQWKHVDPHDUHDZKHDW
RI DQLPDOV EHJDQ LQ WKH 0HVROLWKLF SHULRG 7KH HDUOLHVW ZDVDOVRFXOWLYDWHGDURXQG%&
5LFHZDVWKHWKLUGJUDLQ
HDUOLHVWHYLGHQFHRIULFHLVNQRZQWREHQHDUWKHEDQNRIWKH
2FKUH&RORXUHG3RWWHU\NQRZQWRDUFKDHRORJLVWVDV2&3
ULYHU%HODQGLVWULFW$OODKDEDGIURPZKHUHULFHEUDQZDVIRXQG
DV WKH QDPH LPSOLHV LWV PDLQ GLVWLQJXLVKLQJ IHDWXUH ZDV LWV
GDWLQJEDFNWR%&
7KHFXOWXUDOUHPDLQVIURP6WRQH$JH
RFKUHFRORXU2WKHUFKDUDFWHULVWLFVDUHLWVSRURXVFKDUDFWHUDQG
WR+DUDSSDQ&LYLOL]DWLRQKDYHEHHQIRXQGLQ0HKUJDUKORFDWHG
WKHIDFWWKDWLWLVLQYDULDEO\ZRUQRXWDWWKHHGJHV0RVWRILWV
LQ%DORFKLVWDQ3DNLVWDQ
HYLGHQFHLVPDLQO\IRXQGIURP$WUDQMLNKHUDDQG+DVWLQDSXU
7KH%XU]DKRPVLWHLVDSUHKLVWRULFVHWWOHPHQWLQWKHYLOODJH
7KH$UFKDHRORJLFDO6XUYH\RI,QGLD$6,XQGHUWKH0LQLVWU\
RIWKHVDPHQDPHLQ.DVKPLUYDOOH\%RWKKXPDQDQGDQLPDO RI &XOWXUH LV D SUHPLHU RUJDQL]DWLRQ IRU WKH DUFKDHRORJLFDO
VNHOHWRQVZHUHIRXQGKHUHZLWKWUHSDQQLQJERUHGKROHVPDUNV UHVHDUFKHV DQG SURWHFWLRQ RI WKH FXOWXUDO KHULWDJH RI WKH
,QPDQ\SLWVERQHVRIGRJVDQGDQWOHUHGGHHUZHUHIRXQGDORQJ QDWLRQ ,Q WKH$UFKDHRORJLFDO 6XUYH\ ZDV HVWDEOLVKHG
ZLWKKXPDQVNHOHWRQV7KHVNHOHWRQVRIKXPDQVZHUHIRXQGLQ DVDVHSDUDWHGHSDUWPHQWDQG$OH[DQGHU&XQQLQJKDPZDV
WKHEXULDOSLWVLQDVLWWLQJSRVLWLRQDORQJZLWKERQHVRIDQLPDOV DSSRLQWHG DV LWV ¿UVW 'LUHFWRU*HQHUDO ,Q GXULQJ WKH
7KH¿UVWH[FDYDWLRQDWWKH%XU]DKRPVLWHZDVFDUULHGRXWE\ WHQXUHRI/RUG&XU]RQLWZDVFHQWUDOL]HGDV$UFKDHRORJLFDO
+HOPXWGH7HUUDDQG'U7KRPDV3DWHUVRQLQWKH\HDU 6XUYH\RI,QGLDDQG-RKQ0DUVKDOOZDVDSSRLQWHGLQDV
7KHSHRSOHRI-RUZHFXOWXUHOLYHGLQODUJHUHFWDQJXODUKRXVHV LWV¿UVW'LUHFWRU*HQHUDO
1DWLRQDO+XPDQ0XVHXPZKLFK
ZLWKZDWWOHDQGGDXEZDOOVDQGWKDWFKHGURRI7KH\EHOLHYHG ZDVUHQDPHGDV,QGLUD*DQGKL1DWLRQDO+XPDQ0XVHXP
LQ OLIH DIWHU GHDWK DQG WKHUHIRUH EXULHG WKH GHDG LQVLGH WKH LVORFDWHGLQ%KRSDO03,WLVDQDXWRQRPRXVRUJDQL]DWLRQ
KRXVHVXQGHUWKHÀRRU&KLOGUHQZHUHEXULHGLQWZRXUQVWKDW XQGHUWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI&XOWXUH
ZHUH MRLQHG PRXWKWRPRXWK DQG VHW KRUL]RQWDOO\ LQ WKH SLW
5REHUW%UXFH)RRWHZKRGLVFRYHUHG¿UVW3DODHROLWKLF
ZKLOHDGXOWVZHUHSODFHGLQDVXSLQHSRVLWLRQZLWKWKHKHDG
WRROLQ,QGLDZDVDDQ±
WRZDUGVWKHQRUWKQRUWKWRVRXWK7KHVHVLWHVZHUHIRXQGLQ
D *HRORJLVW E $UFKDHRORJLVW
'DLPDEDG,QDPJDRQ&KDQGDXOL1HYDVDHWF
7KHµ$VK
F 3DOHRERWDQLVW G +LVWRULDQ
PRXQGV¶KDYHEHHQIRXQGIURPD1HROLWKLFVLWH6DQJDQD.DOOX
83/RZHU6XE3UH
ORFDWHG LQ 9HOODUL GLVWULFW QHDU 0\VRUH LQ .DUQDWDND 7KH\
$QVD E
KDYHDOVREHHQIRXQGLQ3LNOLKDODQG8WQXU7KHVHDVKPRXQGV
DUHWKHEXUQWUHOLFVRIVHDVRQDOFDPSVRI1HROLWKLFKHUGVPHQ $FFRUGLQJWR(QF\FORSDHGLD%ULWDQQLFD5REHUW%UXFH)RRWH
FRPPXQLW\ ZDVD%ULWLVKJHRORJLVWDQGDUFKDHRORJLVW+HLVFRQVLGHUHG
DVWKHIDWKHURI,QGLDQSUHKLVWRU\+HZDVDVVRFLDWHGZLWK
)LUHZDV¿UVWXVHGDVLQWKH1HROLWKLFSHULRG
WKH*HRORJLFDO6XUYH\DQGGRFXPHQWHGWKHDQWLTXLWLHVRIWKH
&RSSHUZDVWKH¿UVWPHWDOXVHG&RSSHU$JHLVDOVRNQRZQ
DV WKH &KDOFROLWKLF DJH 7KH DJH LQ ZKLFK LQVWUXPHQWV RI VWRQHDJH+HQFHERWKRSWLRQVDDQGEFDQEHFRQVLGHUHG
FRSSHU ZHUH XVHG LQ DGGLWLRQ WR VWRQH LV FDOOHG DV &RSSHU DVFRUUHFW
D /RZHU3DODHROLWKLFSHULRG
E0LGGOH3DODHROLWKLFSHULRG 7KUHHKXPDQVNHOHWRQVLQDVLQJOHJUDYHZHUHUHFRYHUHG
F8SSHU3DODHROLWKLFSHULRG DW±
G0HVROLWKLFSHULRG D 6DUDL1DKDU5DL E 'DPGDPD
833&60DLQV F 0DKDGDKD G /DQJKQDM
$QVG 833&63UH
$QVE
$FFRUGLQJWRWKHH[FDYDWHGHYLGHQFHWKHGRPHVWLFDWLRQRI
DQLPDOVEHJDQLQWKH0HVROLWKLFSHULRG7KHHDUOLHVWSLHFHV 'DPGDPDLVD0HVROLWKLFVLWHLQ3UDWDSJDUKGLVWULFW8WWDU
RI HYLGHQFH RI GRPHVWLFDWLRQ RI DQLPDOV LQ ,QGLD KDYH 3UDGHVK,Q'DPGDPDKXPDQJUDYHVZHUHIRXQG2XW
EHHQ IRXQG DW$GDPJDUK +RVKDQJDEDG 03 DQG %DJRU RIWKHVHJUDYHVDUHGRXEOHEXULDO2QHWULSOHEXULDOJUDYH
%KLOZDUD5DMDVWKDQ LVDOVRIRXQGKHUH$JUDYHZLWKIRXUKXPDQVNHOHWRQVKDV
EHHQIRXQGDW6DUDL1DKDU5DL
:KLFKDPRQJWKHIROORZLQJVLWHVSURYLGHVHYLGHQFHRI
GRPHVWLFDWLRQRIDQLPDOVLQWKH0HVROLWKLFSHULRG" 7KHFXOWLYDWLRQRIFHUHDOV¿UVWVWDUWHGLQ
D 2GDL E %RUL D 1HROLWKLF$JH E 0HVROLWKLF$JH
F %DJRU G /DNKQLD F 3DODHROLWKLF$JH G 3URWR+LVWRULF$JH
833&63UH 833&60DLQV
$QVF $QVD
6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ *UDLQVZHUH¿UVWHYHUSURGXFHGLQ1HROLWKLF$JH,WZDVWKH
WLPHZKHQSHRSOHZHUHLQWURGXFHGWRDJULFXOWXUH.ROGLKZD
,Q0HVROLWKLFFRQWH[WHYLGHQFHRIDQLPDO
DQG0HKUJDUKZHUHWKHWZR1HROLWKLFYLOODJHVIURPZKHUH
GRPHVWLFDWLRQKDVEHHQIRXQGDW
FOHDUSLHFHVRIHYLGHQFHRIULFHDQGZKHDWKDYHEHHQIRXQG
D /DQJKQDM E%LUEKDQSXU
F $GDPJDUK G&KRSDQL0DQGR 'XULQJWKH1HROLWKLF$JHWKHHDUOLHVWHYLGHQFHRIWKH
833&66SO3UH RULJLQRIDJULFXOWXUHKDVEHHQIRXQGDWZKLFKRIWKH
$QVF IROORZLQJSODFHLQWKH1RUWK:HVWHUQUHJLRQRI,QGLDQ
6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ VXEFRQWLQHQW"
D 0XQLGJDN E 0HKDUJDUK
)URPZKLFKRQHRIWKHIROORZLQJVLWHVERQHLPSOHPHQWV F 'DPE6DGDW G %DODNRW
KDYHEHHQIRXQG" H$PUL
D &KRSDQL0DQGR E .DNRULD &KKDWWLVJDUK3&63UH
F 0DKDGDKD G 6DUDL1DKDU5DL $QVE
833&60DLQV
6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ
$QVF G
,QGLDQ+LVWRU\ *HQHUDO6WXGLHV %±
7KHHDUOLHVWHYLGHQFHRIPDQLQ,QGLDLVIRXQGLQ 3DNLVWDQ EHORQJLQJ WR DURXQG %& DQG WKH HDUOLHVW
D1LOJLUL+LOOV E6KLZDOLN+LOOV HYLGHQFHRIULFHLVNQRZQWREHQHDUWKHEDQNRIWKHULYHU%HODQ
F1DOODPDOD+LOOV G1DUPDGD9DOOH\ GLVWULFW $OODKDEDG IURP ZKHUH ULFH EUDQ ZDV IRXQG GDWLQJ
8WWDUDNKDQG3&63UH EDFNWR%&:LWKDERYHUHIHUHQFHLI/DKXUDGHYDLVRQH
$QVG RSWLRQWKHQLWZLOOEHWKHFRUUHFWDQVZHUEXWLI/DKXUDGHYD
,Q ,QGLD WKH ¿UVW HYLGHQFH RI PDQ ZDV IRXQG LQ ZHVWHUQ LVQRWDQRSWLRQWKHQ0HKUJDUKZRXOGEHWKHULJKWDQVZHU
1DUPDGDUHJLRQRI0DGK\D3UDGHVK,WZDVGLVFRYHUHGLQ :LWK UHIHUHQFH WR WKH FXOWXUDO KHULWDJH RI 8WWDU
3UDGHVK ZKLFK RI WKH IROORZLQJ VWDWHPHQWV LVDUH
7KH¿UVWFHUHDOXVHGE\PDQZDV FRUUHFW"
D :KHDW E 5LFH 7KH ROGHVW HYLGHQFH RI DJULFXOWXUH LQ WKH JOREDO
FRQWH[WKDVEHHQREWDLQHGIURPPDQ\H[FDYDWHG
F %DUOH\ G 6RUJKXP
VLWHVLQWKLVUHJLRQ
833&63UH 7KHROGHVWFXOWLYDWHGIRRGJUDLQVDUHEDUOH\DQG
$QVF SDGG\
6HOHFWWKHFRUUHFWDQVZHUXVLQJWKHFRGHVJLYHQEHORZ±
7KHUHDUHPDLQO\HLJKWW\SHVRIIRRGJUDLQVFRQVXPHGE\
Join−> https://t.me/thehindu000
&RGH
PRGHUQKXPDQVRFLHW\QDPHO\EDUOH\ZKHDWPDL]HPLOOHW D 2QO\ E 2QO\
VRUJKXPPXVWDUGRDWDQGULFH7KHVHSODQWVZHUHSUHVHQWLQ F %RWKDQG G 1HLWKHUQRU
8352$523UH
WKHIRUPRIZHHGLQGL൵HUHQWDUHDVZKLFKZHUHODWHUJURZQDV $QVD
VHHGE\DKXPDQEHLQJDWGL൵HUHQWSODFHVLQGL൵HUHQWWLPHV )URP/DKXUDGHYLQ6DQW.DELU1DJDUGLVWULFW8WWDU3UDGHVK
$OWKRXJKEDUOH\ZDVWKH¿UVWJUDLQWREHFXOWLYDWHGE\KXPDQ ROGHVW HYLGHQFH RI DJULFXOWXUH KDYH EHHQ REWDLQHG 7KH
EHLQJVGXULQJ%&LQZHVWHUQ$VLDQFRXQWULHVORFDWHG ROGHVWIRRGJUDLQVZHUHEDUOH\DQGZKHDW+HQFHRSWLRQD
LVFRUUHFW
EHWZHHQWKHQRUWKHDVW0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HDDQG,UDQ/DWHULQ
WKHVDPHDUHDZKHDWZDVDOVRFXOWLYDWHGDURXQG%& 1DPHWKHVLWHZKLFKKDVUHYHDOHGWKHHDUOLHVWHYLGHQFH
5LFHZDVWKHWKLUGJUDLQWREHFXOWLYDWHGE\KXPDQEHLQJVLQ RIVHWWOHGOLIH"
DSSUR[%&DWWKH<DQJW]H5LYHURI&KLQD0DL]HZDV D 'KRODYLUD E .LOH*XO0RKDPPDG
FXOWLYDWHGLQ&HQWUDODQG6RXWK$PHULFDGXULQJ%& F .DOLEDQJDQ G 0HKUJDUK
7KH¿UVWHYLGHQFHRIPDL]HZDVIRXQGLQ0H[LFRPLOOHWLQ 833&66SO0DLQV
%&LQ&KLQDVRUJKXPLQ%&LQ(DVW$IULFD $QVG
PXVWDUGLQ%&LQ6RXWK(DVW$VLDDQG2DWLQ 6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ
%&LQ(XURSH
7KHHDUOLHVWHYLGHQFHRIDJULFXOWXUHLQWKH,QGLDQ6XE
7KH HDUOLHVW HYLGHQFH RI DJULFXOWXUH LQ ,QGLDQ VXE FRQWLQHQWKDVEHHQREWDLQHGIURP±
FRQWLQHQWFRPHVIURP± D %UDKPDJLUL E %XU]DKRP
F .ROGLKZD G 0HKUJDUK
D .ROGLKZD E /DKXUDGHYD
833&60DLQV
F 0HKUJDUK G 7RNZD $QVG
83/RZHU6XE3UH
6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ
$QVE
7KH HDUOLHVW HYLGHQFH RI $JULFXOWXUH LQ ,QGLDQ
$FFRUGLQJ WR WKH ODWHVW UHVHDUFK WKH HDUOLHVW HYLGHQFH RI
VXEFRQWLQHQWLVIRXQGDW
DJULFXOWXUHLQ,QGLDQVXEFRQWLQHQWKDVEHHQUHSRUWHGIURP
D /RWKDO E +DUDSSD
WKH /DKXUDGHYD VLWH LQ 6DQW .DELU 1DJDU GLVWULFW 8WWDU
F 0HKUJDUK G 0XQGLJDN
3UDGHVK7KHHYLGHQFHRIKXPDQDFWLYLW\DQGEHJLQQLQJRI
833&60DLQV
ULFHFXOWLYDWLRQDWWKLVVLWHGDWHVEDFNWRDURXQG
$QVF
%&6LJQL¿FDQWO\EHIRUHWKLVUHVHDUFKWKHHDUOLHUHYLGHQFH
RI ZKHDW ZDV IRXQG DW 0HKUJDUK ORFDWHG LQ %DORFKLVWDQ 6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ
)RXQGHUVRI,QGXVYDOOH\FLYLOL]DWLRQEDVHGRQWKHDVVHVVPHQWV
ZLWKLQDVSHFL¿FJHRJUDSKLFDODUHDDQGDWDSHULRGRIWLPH
,Q RIYDULRXVDUFKDHRORJLVWV
WKHFDVHRI+DUDSSDQFXOWXUHWKHVHGLVWLQFWLYHREMHFWVLQFOXGH
61 $UFKDHRORJLVWV )RXQGHU
VHDOVEHDGVZHLJKWVVWRQHEODGHVDQGHYHQEDNHGEULFNV
7KH+DUDSSDQVHDOLVSRVVLEO\WKHPRVWGLVWLQFWLYHDUWHIDFW 'U/D[PDQ6ZDURRS $U\D
RI WKH +DUDSSDQ RU ,QGXV YDOOH\ FLYLOL]DWLRQ
6HDOV ZHUH 9 *RUGRQ &KLOGHDQG 6XPHULDQV
GLVFRYHUHG DW +DUDSSD E\ DUFKDHRORJLVWV 'D\D 5DP 6DKQL :KHHOHU
LQWKHHDUO\GHFDGHVRIWKHWKFHQWXU\LQ
$QRWKHU 5DNKDO'DV%DQHUML 'UDYLGLDQV'UDYLG
DUFKDHRORJLVW 5DNKDO 'DV %DQHUML IRXQG VLPLODU VHDOV DW
0RKHQMRGDUROHDGLQJWRWKHFRQMHFWXUHWKDWWKHVHVLWHVZHUH
7KHFLWLHVH[FDYDWHGLQ,QGXVYDOOH\DUHDFDQEHFDWHJRUL]HG
SDUWRIDVLQJOHDUFKHRORJLFDOFXOWXUH
%DVHGRQWKHVH¿QGV LQWKHIROORZLQJJURXSV
-RKQ0DUVKDOO'LUHFWRU*HQHUDORIWKH$6,DQQRXQFHGWKH &HQWUDOFLW\
GLVFRYHU\RIDQHZFLYLOL]DWLRQLQWKH,QGXVYDOOH\WRWKHZRUOG &RDVWDOFLW\DQGGRFN\DUGV
+DUDSSDLVORFDWHGLQWKH0RQWJRPHU\GLVWULFWFXUUHQWO\LWLV
2WKHUFLWLHVDQGWRZQV
6DKLZDOGLVWULFWRI3XQMDESURYLQFH3DNLVWDQ
0RKHQMRGDUR
LV ORFDWHG RQ WKH ULJKW EDQN RI WKH ,QGXV 5LYHU LQ /DUNDQD
7KHWKUHHPDMRUFLWLHVRI,QGXVYDOOH\FLYLOL]DWLRQ+DUDSSD
'LVWULFW 6LQGK 3DNLVWDQ
$FFRUGLQJ WR WKH 6WXDUW 3LJJRWW 0RKHQMRGDURDQG'KRODYLUDZHUHWKHODUJHWRZQV
7KHYDVW
WKHWZRFLWLHV+DUDSSDDQG0RKHQMRGDURZHUH³7ZLQFDSLWDO PRXQGV ZHUH ¿UVW UHSRUWHG E\ &KDUOHV 0DVVRQ LQ
RIDQ([WHQVLYH.LQJGRP´
+DUDSSDLVORFDWHGDWWKHOHIW
'XULQJ 0U 5% 'D\DUDP 6DKQL VXUYH\HG WKH
EDQNRI5DYL5LYHU
7KHFDUERQ&GDWLQJSURFHVVLQGLFDWHVWKH+DUDSSDQ +DUDSSD FXOWXUH LQ WKH 0RQWJRPHU\ GLVWULFW FXUUHQWO\ LQ
SHULRG WR EH IURP %& WR %& ZKLFK LV KLJKO\ 6DKLZDORI3XQMDERQWKHOHIWVLGHRI5DYLULYHUDQGLQ
DFFHSWHG'XULQJWKHSHULRG%&WR%&WKHJURZWK H[FDYDWLRQSURFHVVVWDUWHGZLWKFRQWLQXLW\,QWKH\HDU
RIWKLVFLYLOL]DWLRQZDVDWLWVSHDN0HVRSRWDPLDDQG(J\SWLDQ DQG 0U 0DGKDY 6ZDURRS9DWV DQG LQ
FLYLOL]DWLRQ DUH FRQWHPSRUDU\ WR WKH ,QGXV FLYLOL]DWLRQ 7KH
0U0RUWLPHUZKHHOHUKDGVWDUWHGWKHH[FDYDWLRQSURFHVVRQD
WLPHOLQHRIWKH,QGXVYDOOH\FLYLOL]DWLRQE\YDULRXVUHVHDUFKHUV±
ODUJHH[WHQVLYHVFDOH
+DUDSSDKDGWZRPRXQGVWKHHDVWHUQ
5HVHDUFKHU 7LPHOLQH
-RKQ0DUVKDOO %&%& VLGH PRXQG ZDV NQRZQ DV FLW\ PRXQG DQG WKH ZHVWHUQ RQH
(UQHVW0DFND\ %&±%& ZDVFDOOHGDVFDVWOHPRXQG7KHUHPQDQWVRI*UDQDU\ZHUH
0DGKDY6ZDURRS9DWV %&±%& DYDLODEOH LQ WKH IRUP RI URRPV ZKLFK ZHUH DUUDQJHG LQ
&-*DGG %&±%& WKHIRUPRIWZRURZVHDFKKDYLQJVL[URRPVHDFK
7KH¿UVW
0RUWLPHUZKHHOHU %&±%& DUWHIDFWXQFRYHUHGLQ+DUDSSDZDVDXQLTXHVWRQHVHDOFDUYHG
:DOWHU$)DLUVHUYLV %&±%&
ZLWKDXQLFRUQDQGDQLQVFULSWLRQ6LPLODUVHDOVZLWKGL൵HUHQW
:KHHOHUDQG6WXDUW3LJJRWW
FLYLOL]DWLRQRI,QGLDQVXEFRQWLQHQWZKHUHDV$U\DQ&LYLOL]DWLRQ
&OLPDWHFKDQJH $XUHO6WHLQ$PDODQDQGD*KRVK ZDVUXUDOFLYLOL]DWLRQ
*HRORJLFDOFKDQJH 05 6DKQL +7 /DPEULFN 7KHLPSRUWDQWUHDVRQWRNHHS,QGXV9DOOH\FLYLOL]DWLRQ
*6GHOO
EHIRUH$U\DQFLYLOL]DWLRQLV±
(SLGHPLF .85.HQQHG\ D 6FULSW E 7RZQ3ODQQLQJ
F &RSSHU G 3RWWHULHV
+XPDQ6RFLHW\LVXQLTXHEHFDXVHLWGHSHQGVPDLQO\RQ±
D &XOWXUH E (FRQRP\ 833&63UH
F 5HOLJLRQ G 6FLHQFH $QVG
833&66SO0DLQV 7KHNQRZOHGJHRIVFULSWDQGWRZQSODQQLQJRI,QGXV9DOOH\
$QVE &LYLOL]DWLRQZDVPRUHGHYHORSHGWKDQWKDWRI3UH$U\DQV
'L൵HUHQWDUFKDHRORJLFDOSLHFHVRIHYLGHQFHRISRWWHU\KDYH
+XPDQ6RFLHW\PDLQO\GHSHQGVRQHFRQRP\$VHFRQRP\
EHHQIRXQGLQWKHHDUO\VHWWOHPHQWVRI0HKUJDUKIURPWKH
FKDQJHVKXPDQVRFLHW\FKDQJHVDFFRUGLQJO\ ,QGXV9DOOH\&LYLOL]DWLRQ3RWWHU\IRXQGGXULQJH[FDYDWLRQV
SURYHVWKDW,QGXV9DOOH\&LYLOL]DWLRQH[LVWHGEHIRUH$U\DQ
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJLVUHODWHGWR+DUDSSDFLYLOL]DWLRQ"
&LYLOL]DWLRQ 7KH UHG SRWWHULHV SDLQWHG ZLWK EODFN ¿JXUHV
D 6XPHULDQFLYLOL]DWLRQ ZHUH WKH VSHFLDOLW\ RI +DUDSSDQ &LYLOL]DWLRQ ZKHUHDV WKH
E ,QGXV9DOOH\&LYLOL]DWLRQ JUH\SDLQWHGSRWWHULHVZHUHXVHGE\$U\DQV
F 9HGLFFLYLOL]DWLRQ
G 0HVRSRWDPLDQFLYLOL]DWLRQ 7KH,QGXV9DOOH\FXOWXUHZDVGL൵HUHQWIURPWKH9HGLF
033&63UH &LYLOL]DWLRQEHFDXVH
$QVE D ,WKDGWKHDPHQLWLHVRIGHYHORSHGFLW\OLIH
E ,WKDVDSLFWRJUDSKLFVFULSW
+DUDSSD LV DQ DUFKDHRORJLFDO VLWH UHODWHG WR ,QGXV 9DOOH\
&LYLOL]DWLRQ 6LQFH WKH ILUVW DUFKDHRORJLFDO HYLGHQFH RI F ,WODFNHGNQRZOHGJHRILURQDQGGHIHQVLYHDUURZ
WKLVFLYLOL]DWLRQZDVREWDLQHGIURP+DUDSSD,QGXV9DOOH\ G $OORIWKHDERYH
&LYLOL]DWLRQLVDOVRNQRZQDV+DUDSSD&LYLOL]DWLRQ$ORQJ 833&66SO0DLQV
ZLWKDQFLHQW(J\SWDQG0HVRSRWDPLDLWZDVRQHRIWKHWKUHH $QVG
DQFLHQWFLYLOL]DWLRQVRIWKHZRUOG
7KH FXOWXUH RI WKH ,QGXV9DOOH\ &LYLOL]DWLRQ ZDV GL൵HUHQW
IURP WKH 9HGLF FXOWXUH LQ PDQ\ ZD\V 7KH ,QGXV 9DOOH\
,QGXV&LYLOL]DWLRQH[LVWHGLQ±
D 3UHKLVWRULFDJH E3URWRKLVWRULFDJH &LYLOL]DWLRQ ZDV XUEDQ ZKLOH WKH 9HGLF FXOWXUH ZDV UXUDO
F +LVWRULFDJH G3RVW+LVWRULFDJH 7KH VFULSW RI ,QGXV 9DOOH\ &LYLOL]DWLRQ ZDV RI GHSLFWLYH
833&63UH H[SUHVVLRQV7KHSHRSOHRI,QGXV9DOOH\&LYLOL]DWLRQGLGQRW
%36&3UH
WK NQRZWKHXVHRILURQZKHUHDVWKHSHRSOHRI9HGLF&LYLOL]DWLRQ
$QVE XVHGLURQZHDSRQVH[WHQVLYHO\
6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ 7KHFRUUHFWO\PDWFKHGOLVWLVDVIROORZV
+DUDSSD 5DYLULYHU
0DWFK/LVW,ZLWK/LVW,,DQGVHOHFWWKHFRUUHFWDQVZHU
+DVWLQDSXU *DQJDULYHU
IURPWKHFRGHVJLYHQEHORZ
1DJDUMXQD.RQGD .ULVKQDULYHU
/LVW, /LVW,,
3DLWKDQ *RGDYDULULYHU
$ +DUDSSD &HPHWU\5
% /RWKDO 'RFN\DUG 0DWFK/LVW,ZLWK/LVW,,DQGVHOHFWWKHFRUUHFWDQVZHU
& .DOLEDQJDQ 'DQFLQJ*LUO6WDWXH IURPWKHFRGHJLYHQEHORZ
' 0RKHQMR'DUR )XUURZHGODQG /LVW±, /LVW±,,
&RGHV +DUDSSDQ6HWWOHPHQW5LYHURQZKLFKORFDWHG
$ % & '
$+DUDSSD %KRJDYD
D
E % .DOLEDQJDQ *KDJJDU
F & /RWKDO 5DYL
G ' 5RSDU 6XWOHM
833&60DLQV &RGH
$QVG $ % & '
7KHFRUUHFWO\PDWFKHGOLVWLVDVIROORZV D
/LVW, /LVW,, E
+DUDSSD &HPHWU\5 F
/RWKDO 'RFN\DUG G
.DOLEDQJDQ )XUURZHGODQG 838'$/'$0DLQV
0RKHQMR'DUR 'DQFLQJ*LUO6WDWXH $QVD
PHWUHVHDVWZHVWDQGPHWUHVQRUWKVRXWK,QWKH0LGGOH .DOLEDQJDQLVORFDWHGLQ+DQXPDQJDUKGLVWULFWRI5DMDVWKDQ
RI*UHDW%DWKWKHSRQGPHDVXUHVPHWUHV[PHWUHV ,W ZDV H[FDYDWHG E\$ *KRVK LQ 7KH H[FDYDWLRQV
DQGKDVDPD[LPXPGHSWKRIPHWUHV UHYHDOHGWKDWWKHZHVWHUQPRXQGZDVDIRUWL¿HGHQFORVXUH
7KHµ*UHDW%DWK¶ZDVIRXQGDWWKHDUFKDHRORJLFDOVLWHRI ZLWK UHFWDQJXODU VDOLHQWV DQG WRZQV ([FHSW WKLV DOO DUH
D5RSDU E+DUDSSD FRUUHFWO\PDWFKHG
F0RKHQMRGDUR G.DOLEDQJDQ )RUWKH+DUUDSDQ&XOWXUDOVLWHVDQGLWVSRVLWLRQZKLFK
8336&*,& RIWKHIROORZLQJLVQRWFRUUHFWO\PDWFKHG"
8WWDUDNKDQG8'$/'$0DLQV D $ODPJLUSXU 8WWDU3UDGHVK
$QVF E %DQDZDOL +DU\DQD
6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ F 'DLPDEDG 0DKDUDVKWUD
G 5DNKLJDUKL 5DMDVWKDQ
:KLFK RI WKH IROORZLQJ VWDWHPHQWV DERXW WKH ,QGXV 838'$/'$3UH
FLYLOL]DWLRQLVQRWWUXH" $QVG
D $FFXUDWHGUDLQDJHV\VWHPLQFLWLHV
5DNKLJDUKL YLOODJH LV VLWXDWHG LQ +LVDU GLVWULFW RI +DU\DQD
E 7UDGHDQGFRPPHUFHZHUHLQDQDGYDQFHGVWDJH
DORQJ WKH EDQN RI *KDJJDU+DNUD ULYHU 7KLV VLWH ZDV
F :RUVKLSSLQJRI0RWKHU*RGGHVV
GLVFRYHUHG E\ 6XUDMEKDQ LQ 5HVW RI WKH RSWLRQV DUH
G 3HRSOHNQHZDERXWLURQ
FRUUHFWO\PDWFKHG
833&63UH
$QVG 0DWFK/LVW,ZLWK/LVW,,DQGVHOHFWWKHFRUUHFWDQVZHU
7KH,QGXV9DOOH\&LYLOL]DWLRQZDVD%URQ]H$JH&LYLOL]DWLRQ IURPWKHFRGHJLYHQEHORZ
3HRSOHRIWKLV$JHZHUHQRWIDPLOLDUZLWKLURQ7KHGUDLQDJH /LVW±, /LVW±,,
V\VWHPZDVDGYDQFHGDQGFRYHUHGZLWKVODEV7KHWUDGHDQG +DUDSSDQ6LWH /RFDWLRQ
FRPPHUFHZHUHLQDQDGYDQFHGVWDJH7KHSLHFHVRIHYLGHQFH
$ 0DQGD 5DMDVWKDQ
RIERWKLQWHUQDODQGH[WHUQDOWUDGHKDYHEHHQIRXQG0DQ\
SLHFHVRIHYLGHQFHRIZRUVKLSSLQJRI0RWKHU*RGGHVVIURP % 'DLPDEDG +DU\DQD
,QGXV9DOOH\KDYHEHHQIRXQG & .DOLEDQJDQ -DPPX.DVKPLU
' 5DNKLJDUKL 0DKDUDVKWUD
,QGXVYDOOH\FLYLOL]DWLRQLVNQRZQIRU
)RULWVWRZQSODQQLQJ &RGH
)RU0RKHQMRGDURDQG+DUDSSD $ % & '
)RUWKHLUDJULFXOWXUDOZRUN D
)RULWVLQGXVWULDOL]DWLRQ E
&RGH
F
D DQG E DQG
FDQG G $OORIWKHDERYH G
8WWDUDNKDQG8'$/'$3UH 833&63UH
$QVG $QVF
&RGH DQG$ODPJLUSXULVORFDWHGLQ8WWDU3UDGHVK
$ % & '
5DQJSXU ZKHUH WKH FRQWHPSRUDU\ RI +DUDSSDQ
D
FLYLOL]DWLRQZDVIRXQGLVLQ±
E
D 3XQMDE E (DVWHUQ8WWDU3UDGHVK
F
F 6DXUDVKWUD G5DMDVWKDQ
G 5$65763UH
833&63UH $QVF
$QVG
5DQJSXULVORFDWHGLQ6DXUDVKWUDUHJLRQRIZHVWHUQ,QGLDRQ
&RUUHFWPDWFKRI/LVW,ZLWK/LVW,,LVDVIROORZV WKHFRDVWRI$UDELDQVHDLQ*XMDUDWVWDWH2QWKHEDVLVRIODUJH
/LVW±, /LVW,, YHJHWDWLYHUHPDLQVLWFDQEHVDLGWKDWWKHVHSHRSOHXVHGWR
+DUDSSDQ6LWH 876WDWHRI,QGLD
FXOWLYDWH5LFH%DMUDDQG0LOOHW
%DOX +DU\DQD
0DQGD -DPPXDQG.DVKPLU 'DGKHULLVDODWH+DUDSSDQVLWHRI±
3DGUL *XMDUDW D -DPPX E 3XQMDE
+XODV 8WWDU3UDGHVK F +DU\DQD G 8WWDU3UDGHVK
833&60DLQV
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJVLWHVRI+DUDSSDQFXOWXUHDUH $QVE
ORFDWHGLQ6LQGK"
+DUDSSD 0RKHQMRGDUR 'DGKHUL ZDV D SUHKLVWRULF H[FDYDWLRQ VLWH RI *RYLQGJDUK
&KDQKXGDUR 6XUNRWDGD GLVWULFW/XGKLDQD3XQMDE'DGKHULLVNQRZQIRULWVSDLQWHG
,QGLFDWHWKHFRUUHFWDQVZHUIURPWKHFRGHJLYHQEHORZ JUH\ZDUHFXOWXUHZKLFKLVVXSSRVHGWREHDVVRFLDWHGZLWK
D DQG E DQG WKHDUULYDORIWKH$U\DQV
F DQG G DQG
:KLFK VLWH RI ,QGXV9DOOH\ &LYLOL]DWLRQ LV ORFDWHG LQ
8336&*,&
,QGLD"
$QVE
D+DUDSSD E0RKHQMRGDUR
$PRQJ WKH DERYH RSWLRQV +DUDSSD LV ORFDWHG LQ 3XQMDE F /RWKDO G1RQHRIWKHDERYH
3DNLVWDQ0RKHQMRGDURDQG&KDQKXGDURERWKDUHORFDWHG 833&63UH
LQ6LQGKSURYLQFHDQG6XUNRWDGDLVORFDWHGLQ*XMDUDW $QVF
/RWKDOLVVLWXDWHGQHDUWKHYLOODJHRI6DUDJZDODLQWKH'KROND
7KHH[FDYDWLRQDW&KDQKXGDURZDVGLUHFWHGE\±
D -+0DFND\ E 6LU-RKQ0DUVKDOO 7DOXND LQ$KPHGDEDG GLVWULFW RI *XMDUDW ,W LV VLWXDWHG
F 5(0:KHHOHU G 6LU$XUHO6WHLQ .PVIURP6DUDJZDODYLOODJH1RUWKRQWKHEDQNRI%KRJDYD
83/RZHU6XE3UH ULYHU,WZDVGLVFRYHUHGE\655DRLQ+DUDSSDDQG
0RKHQMR'DURDUHVLWXDWHGLQ3DNLVWDQ
$QVD
VSHFXODWLRQVDQGK\SRWKHVLV7KHSHRSOHRI,QGXVFLYLOL]DWLRQ G 0DGKRVDUXS9DWVDQG9%5DR
SUREDEO\ZRUVKLSSHG0RWKHU*RGGHVV/RUG6KLYDWKH\0D\ &KKDWWLVJDUK3&63UH
SHUIRUP<DJ\D¿UHSLWIRXQGLQ5DMDVWKDQDQG*XMDUDWVLWHV $QVD
EXULDOULWXDOVLQGLFDWHVEHOLHILQ$WPDRUVSLULWHYLGHQFHRI 6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ
KXPDQVDFUL¿FHDOVRIRXQGLQ0RKHQMRGDUR
0DWFK/LVW,ZLWK/LVW,,DQGVHOHFWWKHFRUUHFWDQVZHU
7KH,QGXVYDOOH\SHRSOHZRUVKLSSHG± XVLQJWKHFRGHVJLYHQEHORZWKHOLVWV
D 6KLYD E ,QGUDDQG9DUXQ /LVW, /LVW,,
F %UDKPD G 9LVKQX $ +DUDSSD 1*0DMXPGDU
% +DVWLQDSXU -RKQ0DUVKDOO
8WWDUDNKDQG3&60DLQV
& 7DNVKDVKLOD 'D\D5DP6DKQL
$QVD
0DUVKDOO LGHQWLILHG WKH ILJXUH ZKLFK KH IRXQG GXULQJ ' .DXVKDPEL %%/DO
H[FDYDWLRQ DV DQ HDUO\ IRUP RI WKH +LQGX *RG 6KLYD RU &RGHV
5XGUDRU3DVKXSDWLORUGRIDQLPDOVIURPWKHH[FDYDWLRQRI $ % & '
+DUDSSD7KH3DVKXSDWLVHDOLQZKLFKWKHWKUHHIDFHGPDOH D
*RG LV VKRZQ VLWWLQJ LQ D \RJLF SRVWXUH VXUURXQGHG E\ D E
UKLQRDQGDEX൵DORRQWKHULJKWDQHOHSKDQWDQGDWLJHURQ F
WKHOHIWPDNHWKHKLVWRULDQFRQFOXGHWKDWWKHSHRSOHRIWKRVH G
GD\VZRUVKLSSHG/RUG6KLYDRUF\OLQGULFDOVWRQHVVKRZWKDW 8352$520DLQV
WKHSHRSOHZRUVKLSSHG/LQJDPWKHV\PERORI/RUG6KLYD $QVF
7KHFRUUHFOW\PDWFKHGOLVWLVDVIROORZV
:KRZDVWKHGLUHFWRURIWKHDUFKDHRORJLFDOH[FDYDWLRQ
/LVW, /LVW,,
WKDWOHGWRWKHGLVFRYHU\RI+DUDSSDDQG0RKHQMRGDUR" +DUDSSD'D\D5DP6DKQL
D /RUG0DFDXOD\ +DVWLQDSXU %%/DO
7DNVKDVKLOD -RKQ0DUVKDOO
E6LU-RKQ0DUVKDOO .DXVKDPEL 1*0DMXPGDU
F &OLYH
:KLFKRQHRIWKHIROORZLQJLVQRWFRUUHFWO\PDWFKHG"
G&RORQHO7DG D +DUDSSD 'D\D5DP6DKQL
5$65763UH E /RWKDO 655DR
$QVE F 6XUNRWDGD -3-RVKL
)URP'KRODYLUDDKXJH5RFNFXWUHVHUYRLULVIRXQGZKRVH &RWWRQ ZDV ¿UVW FXOWLYDWHG LQ ,QGLD IRU FORWKLQJ ,Q
VL]HLVDERXWPîPDQGPHWHUVGHHSKDYLQJ 5DNKDO'DV%DQHUMHHWRRNLQWHUHVWLQWKHVLWHRI0RKHQMR
D KXJH FDSDFLW\ WR VWRUH ZDWHU 3HRSOH RI 'KRODYLUD ZHUH 'DUR IRU H[FDYDWLRQ (YLGHQFH RI WKH HDUOLHVW FRWWRQ
IDPLOLDU ZLWK WKH DGYDQFHG ZDWHU PDQDJHPHQW V\VWHP FXOWLYDWLRQZDVIRXQGE\H[FDYDWLRQLQ,QGLD)URP,QGLD
)URPWKHHDUOLHVWHYLGHQFHSHRSOHXVHGWRVWRUHZDWHULQWKLV LW UHDFKHG *UHHFH ZKHUH LW ZDV FDOOHG DV ³+LQGRQ´ 7KH
UHVHUYRLUE\EXLOGLQJGDPV FRWWRQFXOWLYDWLRQLQ,QGLDVWDUWHGLQ%&ZKLOHLWZDV
FXOWLYDWHGLQ(J\SWLQ%&
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJVLWHVKDV\LHOGHGHYLGHQFHRID
GRXEOHEXULDO" 5HJDUGLQJWKH,QGXV9DOOH\&LYLOL]DWLRQFRQVLGHUWKH
D .XQWDVL E 'KRODYLUD IROORZLQJVWDWHPHQWV
,WZDVSUHGRPLQDQWO\DVHFXODUFLYLOL]DWLRQDQGWKH
F /RWKDO G .DOLEDQJDQ
UHOLJLRXVHOHPHQWWKRXJKSUHVHQWGLGQRWGRPLQDWH
833&60DLQV WKHVFHQH
$QV
'XULQJ WKLV SHULRG FRWWRQ ZDV XVHG IRU
PDQXIDFWXULQJWH[WLOHVLQ,QGLD
7KHHYLGHQFHRIWULSOHEXULDOKDVEHHQIRXQGIURP/RWKDO
:KLFKRIWKHVWDWHPHQWVJLYHQDERYHLVDUHFRUUHFW"
,W ZDV DQ LPSRUWDQW WUDGH FHQWUH RI WKH +DUUDSDQ FXOWXUH
D RQO\ ERQO\
,WV WRZQ SODQQLQJ ZDV GL൵HUHQW WKDQ WKDW RI +DUDSSD DQG F %RWKDQG G1HLWKHUQRU
0RKHQMRGDUR7KHFLW\ZDVGLYLGHGLQWRVL[VHFWLRQV(DFK ,$63UH
VHFWLRQZDVEXLOWRQDZLGHSODWIRUPRIEDNHGEULFNVDQGHDFK 033&63UH
SODWIRUPLVVHSDUDWHGE\DURDGWRIW7KHHYLGHQFH $QVF
RIGRXEOHEXULDODOVRKDVEHHQIRXQGIURP.DOLEDQJDQ,IZH ,QGXV 9DOOH\ &LYLOL]DWLRQ LV FRQVLGHUHG WR EH D VHFXODU
IROORZWKHQXPEHURIEXULDOVRSWLRQFZLOOEHWKHFRUUHFW FLYLOL]DWLRQZLWKQRWUDFHRIWKHRFUDWLFRURUJDQL]HGUHOLJLRQ
DQVZHULIZHIROORZWKHHYLGHQFHERWKWKHRSWLRQVFDQG
&RWWRQWH[WLOHVZHUHSURGXFHGGXULQJWKH+DUDSSDQSHULRG
GZLOOEHWKHFRUUHFWDQVZHU
DVVKRZQE\DUWHIDFWHYLGHQFH
5HFHQWO\IURPH[FDYDWLRQVRI+DUDSSDQVLWH6RQDXOL :KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJFKDUDFWHUL]HVFKDUDFWHUL]HWKH
ZKDWZDVIRXQG" SHRSOHRI,QGXV&LYLOL]DWLRQ"
D +XPDQEXULDOV 7KH\SRVVHVVHGJUHDWSODFHVDQGWHPSOHV
E$QLPDOEXULDOV 7KH\ZRUVKLSSHGERWKPDOHDQGIHPDOHGHLWLHV
F 5HVLGHQWLDOEXLOGLQJ 7KH\HPSOR\HGKRUVHGUDZQFKDULRWVLQZDUIDUH
G3URWHFWLQJZDOO 6HOHFWWKHFRUUHFWDQVZHUXVLQJWKHFRGHJLYHQEHORZ
,QGLDQ+LVWRU\ *HQHUDO6WXGLHV %±
D DQG E2QO\ $FFRUGLQJWRWKHUHSRUWRI,,7.KDUDJSXUVWXG\JURXS
F $OORIWKHVH G1RQHRIWKHVH FRQWLQXRXVORZUDLQIDOOIRUKRZPDQ\\HDUVZDVWKH
,$63UH FDXVHRIIDOORIWKH,QGXVYDOOH\FLYLOL]DWLRQ"
$QVE D \HDUV E \HDUV
F \HDUV G \HDUV
1RWHPSOHRUSODFHRIZRUVKLSKDVEHHQIRXQGLQH[FDYDWLRQ
H 1RQHRIWKHDERYH0RUHWKDQRQHRIWKHDERYH
IURP ,QGXV9DOO\ &LYLOL]DWLRQ WLOO GDWH7KH RQO\ UHOLJLRXV
%36&3UH
VRXUFHIURPWKLVFLYLOL]DWLRQLVVWDWXHVPDGHRIPXGDQGVWRQH
DQGVHDOVZKLFKZHUHIRXQGKHUH%\WKLVLWLVNQRZQWKDW $QVG
IHPDOHGHLWLHV6KLYDRU3DVKXSDWLDQGDQLPDOVOLNHVQDNH $FFRUGLQJWRWKHUHSRUWVRI,,7.KDUDJSXUWKHFRQWLQXRXV
HOHSKDQW ZHUH ZRUVKLSSHG:RUVKLS RI SODQW DQG WUHHV RU ORZRUQHJOLJLEOHUDLQIDOOIRU\HDUVZDVWKHFDXVHRIIDOO
LQDQLPDWHVWRQHRURWKHUREMHFWVLQWKHIRUPRIµ/LQJD¶RU
RIWKH,QGXV9DOOH\&LYLOLVDWLRQ,QRWKHUZRUGVLWFDQEHVDLG
µ\RQL¶V\PEROVZHUHIDPRXVGXULQJWKDWSHULRG
WKDWFRQWLQXRXVGURXJKWIRU\HDUVOHGWKHIDOORI,QGXV
2QH RI WKH IROORZLQJ VLWHV IURP ZKHUH WKH IDPRXV 9DOOH\&LYLOLVDWLRQ
EXOOVHDORI,QGXV9DOOH\&LYLOL]DWLRQZDVIRXQG
$KRUQHGGHLW\HQJUDYHGRQDWHUUDFRWWDFDNHKDVEHHQ
D +DUDSSD E &KDQKXGDUR
F /RWKDO G 0RKHQMRGDUR UHFRYHUHGIURP
Join−> https://t.me/thehindu000
ULYHUZKLFKZDVNQRZQDVµ0DWHWDPD¶EHVWRIDOOPRWKHUV
WKHDUWRIZULWLQJLQDSURSHUV\VWHP7KHLUSULPDU\VFULSW
µ'HYLWDPD¶EHVWRIDOOJRGGHVVHVDQGµ1DGLWDPD¶EHVWRI
ZDVYHU\VLPSOHDQGSULPLWLYH&XQHLIRUPVFULSWRI6XPHULD
DOOULYHUV
,QGXVLVFDOOHG
+LUDQ\DQL
IRULWVLPSRUWDQFHDQG
LVJHQHUDOO\NQRZQDVRQHRIWKHHDUOLHVWV\VWHPRIZULWLQJ
WKH SODFH ZKHUH LW IDOOV LV FDOOHG µ3HUDYDW¶ RU$UDELDQ 6HD
*DQJD<DPXQDGRDEDQGLWVDGMRLQLQJDUHDVZHUHFDOOHGDV
9HGLF$JH %UDKPDUVKL'HVKE\$U\DQV7KH\JDYHWKHQDPH0DGK\D
'HVKWRWKHDUHDEHWZHHQ+LPDOD\DDQG9LQGK\DFKDOPRXQWDLQ
7KHZRUG
9HGLF
LVGHULYHGIURP6DQVNULWZRUG
9HGD
ZKLFK UDQJHV /DWHU$U\DQV H[SDQGHG WKHPVHOYHV WR WKH ZKROH RI
PHDQV NQRZOHGJH 7KH FLYLOL]DWLRQ WKDW GHYHORSHG LQ ,QGLD
1RUWK,QGLDDQGWKHDUHDFRPHWREHNQRZQDV$U\DYDUWD
DIWHU,QGXVFLYLOL]DWLRQLVFDOOHG9HGLFRU$U\DQ&LYLOL]DWLRQ
$U\DPHDQV*UHDWRUKLJKERUQ,QFODVVLF6DQVNULWWKHZRUG 5LYHUVRI5LJYHGLF$JH±
$U\DPHDQV±
$QREOHPDQ
7KHKLVWRU\RI$U\DQVLVPDLQO\ $QFLHQW1DPH 0RGHUQ1DPH
NQRZQIURP9HGDV*HQHUDOO\$U\DQVDUHVDLGWREHWKHDXWKRU
RIWKH9HGDV7KHUHLVDGL൵HUHQFHRIRSLQLRQRQWKHSODFHRI $VDNLQL &KHQDE
RULJLQRI$U\DQV3URPLQHQWKLVWRULDQVKDYHGL൵HUHQWWKHRULHV 9LSDVD %HDV
RQWKHKRPHODQGRI$U\DQV 3DUXVKQL 5DYL
+RPHODQGRI$U\DQV 6FKRODUV 9LWDVWD -KHOXP
.XEKD .DEXO
.DVKPLURU+LPDOD\DQUHJLRQ /'.DOD
.UXPX .XUUDP
%UDKPDUVKL'HVK 3*DQJDQDWK-KD
6HYHQ,QGXVVWDWHV 'U$YLQDVK&KDQGUD'DV *RPDWL *RPDO
'HYLND6WDWH '67ULYHGL 6XYDVWX 6ZDW
6RXWK5XVVLD *RUGHQ&KLOGH 1HKULQJ 6DGDQHHUD *DQGDN
&HQWUDO$VLD 0D[0XOOHU 6KXWXGUL 6XWOHM
1RUWK3ROH 3%DO*DQJDGKDU7LODN 'ULVKGYDWL *KDJJDU
7LEHW 6ZDPL'D\DQDQG6DUDVZDWL
9HGLF OLWHUDWXUH LV DOVR FDOOHG 6KUXWL7KH9HGDV DUH WKH
+XQJDU\ *\OHV PRVW DQFLHQW OLWHUDWXUH LQ ,QGLD 7KHUH DUH IRXU 9HGDV
*HUPDQ\ +DUW 3HQFD 5LJYHGD 6DPYHGD <DMXUYHGD DQG $WKDUYDYHGD
5LJYHGD<DMXUYHGDDQGVDPYHGDDUHDOVRFDOOHG9HGWUD\L
9HGLF$JHLVGLYLGHGLQWRWZRSDUWV±5LJYHGLFRU3UH9HGLF RU7UD\L
(DFK9HGDVKDYHIRXUSDUWV±6DPKLWDEUDKPDQD
$JH%&(DQG/DWHU9HGLF$JH%&( WH[W$UDQ\DNDVDQG8SDQLVKDG
5LJYHGDKDVPDQGDOV
(DFKRIWKH9HGDVLVGLYLGHGLQWRIRXUSDUWVRUWKHVHFWLRQV VXNWDVDQGYHUVHV5LFKDWRPDQGDOVRI
7KHLU FRUUHFW RUGHU LV 6DPKLWDV %UDKPDQDV $UDQ\DNDV 5LJYHGDDUHNQRZQWREHPRVWDQFLHQW
DQG8SDQLVKDGV
6DPKLWDVDQG%UDKPDQDVIRUPWKH.DUPD 5LJYHGLF0DQGDOVDQGWKHLUZULWHUV±
<DMXUYHGDLQ6DQVNULWPHDQVµZLVGRPRIVDFUL¿FLDOIRUPXODV¶ RQO\%UDKPDQDDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKH$WKDUYDYHGD,WLVDJHQUH
7KLV 9HGD FRPSLOHG D FHQWXU\ RU WZR DIWHU WKH 5LJ9HGD RIWKHSURVHWH[WVGHVFULELQJWKH9HGLFULWXDOV
FRQWDLQVSURVHDQGYHUVHIRUPXODVWKDWZHUHWREHSURQRXQFHG
7KH 8SDQLVKDG OLWHUDWXUH LV QRW D UHOLJLRXV VFULSWXUH EXW
E\WKHSULHVWVSHUIRUPLQJWKHPDQXDOSDUWRIWKHVDFUL¿FH,W UHSUHVHQWVDSKLORVRSK\IRUDOOWLPHVDQGIRUDOO7KHSKLORVRSK\
RI8SDQLVKDGVGRHVQRWRSSRVHDQ\VFKRRORIWKRXJKWUHOLJLRQ
GHVFULEHVLQSURVHDERXWWKHSURFHGXUDOGHWDLOVRISHUIRUPLQJ
RULQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKHVFULSWXUHVEXWLWVPHWKRGIRUH[SODLQLQJ
GL൵HUHQWULWXDOVDQG<DMQDVXVLQJWKHK\PQVRIWKH5LJ9HGD
LWVFRQFHSWVLVXQLTXH
7KHZRUGVDOYDWLRQRU0RNVKDLVQRW
7KH6DPKLWDVRI<DMXU9HGDLVGLYLGHGLQWRWZRSDUWV6KXNOD
XVHGLQ9HGDV,WZDV¿UVWO\GLVFXVVHGLQ8SDQLVKDGV
0RNVKD
:KLWH<DMXU9HGDDQG.ULVKQD%ODFN<DMXU9HGD6KXNOD
PHDQVµ¶OLEHUDWLRQ¶¶7KHFRQWLQXRXVF\FOHRIOLIHDQGGHDWK
<DMXU9HGDKDVDVHSDUDWH%UDKPDQDWH[WZULWWHQDV6DWDSDWKD
LV QRW WKH DFWXDO DLP RI WKH KXPDQ VRXO
$FFRUGLQJ WR WKH
%UDKPDQD
9DMDVQH\LLVWKHVDPKLWDRI6KXNOD<DMXUYHGD
8SDQLVKDGVWKHFRUHRIRXUVHOILVQRWWKHERG\RUWKHPLQG
6KXNOD<DMXUYHGDLVDYDLODEOHRQO\LQWKHSRHWLFIRUPZKHUHDV EXWWKH$WPDQ6RXO
.ULVKQD<DMXUYHGDFRQWDLQVERWKSRHWLFDVZHOODVSURVHIRUP
.DWKRSDQLVKDG LV WKH VWRU\ RI WKH FRQYHUVDWLRQ EHWZHHQ
7KH 6KDWSDWK %UDKPDQD LV D SURVH WH[W GHVFULELQJ9HGLF
<DPD/RUGRIGHDWKDQG1DFKLNHWDWKH\RXQJ\HDUVROGER\
ULWXDOVKLVWRU\DQGP\WKRORJ\DVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKH<DMXUYHGD,Q
ZKROHIWKRPHLQVHDUFKRIWKHPHDQLQJRIGHDWKDQGEH\RQG
FRQWH[WWR$QFLHQW,QGLDQ9HGLFOLWHUDWXUH6KDWSDWK%UDKPDQD
7KLVIRUPVWKHVXEMHFWPDWWHURIRQHRIWKH8SDQLVKDGVFDOOHG
KDVEHHQSODFHGMXVWDIWHUWKH5LJ9HGD,WDOVRGHVFULEHVVRFLDO
.DWKD8SDQLVKDGRU.DWKRSDQLVKDG
VXEMHFWVLQFOXGLQJ9HGLFULWXDOV
µ3XUXVKD0HGKD¶KDVEHHQ
7KHSKUDVH
6DW\DPHYD-D\DWH
LVD6DQVNULWZRUGWDNHQ
PHQWLRQHGLQ6KDWSDWK%UDKPDQD
7KH6KDWDSDWKD%UDKPDQD
QDUUDWHVWKHVWRU\RI.LQJ9LGHJKD0DGKDYDDNLQJRI9LGHKD IURP WKH
0XQGDNRSDQLVKDG
7KH PHDQLQJ RI WKH ZRUG
DFFRPSDQLHGE\KLVSULHVW5LVKL*DXWDPD5DKXJDQD.LQJ LV ³WUXWK DORQH WULXPSKV´ ,W ZDV DGRSWHG DV WKH QDWLRQDO
ZDV FDUU\LQJ ¿UH $JQL 9DLVYDQDUD LQ KLV PRXWK ZKLFK RQ PRWWRRI,QGLD,WLVLQVFULEHGLQWKHVFULSWDWWKHEDVHRIWKH
LQFLWDWLRQ RI KLV JXUX IHOOV RXW RI KLV PRXWK DQG EXUQHG WKH QDWLRQDOHPEOHP,WZDVDGRSWHGE\WKH*RYHUQPHQWRI,QGLD
HDUWKWRZDUGVKLVHDVW RQ-DQXDU\
6DW\DNDPD-DEDODLVDER\DQGODWHU
LVFRQVLGHUHGDVWKHµ&URZQ-HZHO¶RIDOOWKH9HGLFOLWHUDWXUH
FODVVL¿HG LQWR WKUHH JURXSV *RG RI VN\9DUXQD 0LWUD
6KULPDG%KDJDYDG*LWDZDVRULJLQDOO\ZULWWHQLQ6DQVNULW
6XU\D9LVKQX HWF *RG RI VSDFH ,QGUD 5XGUD HWF
ODQJXDJHRIWHQUHIHUUHGLQVKRUWDV*LWD7KHUHDUHYHUVHVLQ *RGRIHDUWK$JQL%ULKDVSDWL6RPDHWF
µ,QGUD¶KDVEHHQ
WKLV+LQGXVFULSWXUHDQGWKLVLVWKHSDUWRIWKHHSLF0DKDEKDUDWD GHVFULEHGDVWKHPRVWSRZHUIXOGHLW\LQWKH5LJ9HGDµ,QGUD¶
0DKDEKDUDWD RULJLQDOO\ KDV RQO\ 6KORNDV DQG LWV LVFDOOHG3XUDQGDUD'HVWUR\HURIIRUWV9HU\ODUJHQXPEHU
RULJLQDOQDPHLVµ-D\D¶RU-D\DVDPKLWD
0DKDEKDUDWDWRGD\ RI5LJYHGLFK\PQVDVPD[LPXPDVK\PQVDUHGHYRWHG
KDV 6KORNDV DQG LV EHOLHYHG WR EH ZULWWHQ E\ 6DJH WR KLP IROORZHG E\ µ$JQL¶ K\PQV
%RJKD].RL
9HGD9\DVD
3XUDQDV KDYH ¿YH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV OLNH 6DUJD LQVFULSWLRQ$VLD0LQRU7XUNH\LVLPSRUWDQWEHFDXVHWKHUH
3UDWLVDUJD9DQVD0DQYDQWDUDDQG9DQVKDQXFKDULWD$PRQJ LVPHQWLRQRIIRXU9HGLF*RGVQDPHO\,QGUD9DUXQD0LWUD
WKHVH 6DUJD DQG 3UDWLVDUJD DUH WKH QDWXUDO FUHDWLRQ DQG DQG1DVDW\DV
$FFRUGLQJWRDQFLHQW+LQGXVFULSWXUHVGXULQJ
UHQRYDWLRQFRVPRJRQ\
9DQVDPHDQVWKHKLVWRU\RI6DJHDQG 9HGLFSHULRGWKHµ+LQGX¶WUDGLWLRQUHFRJQL]HGIRXUVWDJHVRU
*RG
0DQYDQWDUDLVPHDQWIRUWKHSHULRGRIGL൵HUHQW0DQXV DVKUDPDVLQKXPDQOLIHQDPHO\%UDKPDFKDU\D*ULKDVWKD
DQG9DQVKDQXFKDULWPHDQV*HQHDORJ\RINLQJV
3DQFKD-DQD 9DQDSUDVWKDDQG6DQ\DVD
,QWKHFRQWH[WRIDQFLHQW,QGLDQ
VXJJHVWHG¿YHVSHFL¿FWULEHVZKRVHHSRQ\PRXVDQFHVWRUVZHUH VRFLHW\9DQVKD*RWUDDQG.XODDUHWKHZRUGVDVVRFLDWHGZLWK
WKH IRXQGHUV RI WKH FODQV QDPHO\ <DGX 7XUYDVD 'UXK\D WKHIDPLO\V\VWHP7KHZRUG
.RVD
LVUHODWHGWRWKHWUHDVXU\
$QXDQG3XUX
7KHUHLVDQDQFLHQWVWRU\PHQWLRQHGLQWKH5LJ
$VD5LJYHGLFWHUP*RWUDVLPSO\PHDQV³FRZVKHOWHU´RU
³KHUGRIFRZV´
9HGDFDOOHGWKH'DVKDUDMQ\DRUµ:DURI.LQJV¶ORQJEHIRUH
&RZ ZDV FRQVLGHUHG DV ³$JKDQ\D´ GXULQJ 9HGLF SHULRG
5DPD\DQD7KHUHOLYHGDGHVFHQGDQWRI,QGLD¶VHSRQ\PRXVNLQJ
³$JKDQ\D´PHDQVQRWZRUWK\WREHNLOOHG7KLVVWDWXVRIWKH
%KDUDWDQDPHG6XGDV7KHJUHDWHVWDFKLHYHPHQWRI6XGDVZDV
FRZVKRZVWKDWKRZSLRXVLWZDVFRQVLGHUHGGXULQJWKH9HGLF
KLVWKXPSLQJYLFWRU\RYHUDFRQIHGHUDF\RIWHQNLQJV
SHULRG
&DWWOHEUHHGLQJZDVWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWHFRQRPLF
0DQ\K\PQVRIWKH5LJ9HGDZHUHFRPSRVHGE\ZRPHQDQG
DFWLYLW\RIWKH5LJYHGLFSHRSOH3UD\HUVZHUHR൵HUHGWRLQFUHDVH
WKH\ZHUHFDOOHG%UDKPDYDGLQL7KHSURPLQHQWDPRQJVWWKHP
WKH QXPEHU RI FDWWOH ,W ZDV PHGLXP RI H[FKDQJH
&RZ LV
ZHUH/RSDPXGUD9LVKZDZDUD6LNWD1LYDYDULDQG*KRVD
FRQVLGHUHGDVDGHLW\LQVRPHVXNWDVRI5LJ9HGD
/RSDPXGUDZDVWKHZLIHRI$JDVW\D5LVKLVDJH
)DPLO\ RU .XO ZDV WKH VPDOOHVW XQLW RI 5LJYHGLF VRFLHW\
'KDUPDDQG5LWDLQWKH9HGLFSHULRGDSSHDUDVHDUO\DVWKH
*ULKD ZRUG LV XVHG IRU IDPLO\
5LJYHGLF VRFLHW\ ZDV D 5LJ9HGD8VXDOO\'KDUPDVLJQL¿HVFRVPLFRUGLQDQFHRIWHQ
SDWULDUFKDOVRFLHW\,WLVNQRZQIURP9DUXQVXNWDWKDWDIDWKHU LQFRQQHFWLRQZLWKWKHVHQVHRIQDWXUDORUGLYLQHODZµ5LWD¶DV
FDQVHOOKLVFKLOG
7KHZRUGµ<DYD¶PHQWLRQHGLQ5LJ9HGDLV VXFKLVFORVHO\UHODWHGWRXQLYHUVDOKDUPRQ\LQZKLFKDOOWKLQJV
XVHGIRUWKHIRRGJUDLQEDUOH\7KHJROGQHFNODFHZDVFDOOHG LQWKHZRUOGKDYHDSURSHUSODFHDQGIXQFWLRQ
7KHFRQFHSW
DVµ1LVKND¶ RIµ5LW¶LHXQLYHUVDOSULQFLSDORIQDWXUDORUGHULVRI9HGLF
IHHWRIWKHSULPHYDOSHUVRQ3XUXVKD$OWKRXJKWKHOLWHUDO 5LJYHGD FRQVLVWV RI K\PQV DQG PDQWUDV
PHDQLQJRIWKHZRUG9DUQDLVFRORXURUFODVVLQ6DQVNULW <DMXUYHGD FRQWDLQV WKH GHVFULSWLRQ RI VWRWUDV DQG ULWXDOV
7KH µ3XUXVK 6XNWD¶ UHODWHG WR 9DUQD 6\VWHP LV 7KH 6DPDYHGD FRQVLVWV RI PDQ\ K\PQV ZKLFK DUH WDNHQ
RULJLQDOO\IRXQGLQ± IURP5LJ9HGDDQGDUHLQGHHGO\ULFDODQGPHORGLRXV7KH
D $WKDUYDYHGD E 6DPDYHGD $WKDUYDYHGD FRQWDLQV D ORW RI NQRZOHGJH RI WKH SK\VLFDO
F 5LJ9HGD G 0DQXVPULWL ZRUOGDQGVSLULWXDOLW\
H 1RQHRIWKHVH
,Q5LJ9HGDWKHUHDUHPDQWUDV±
&KKDWWLVJDUK3&63UH
D E
$QVF
F G
6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ
&KKDWWLVJDUK3&63UH
0DWFKWKHIROORZLQJ $QV
$ $WKDUYDYHGD *RG*UDFH
6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ
% 5LJ9HGD 6DFUL¿FHSURFHVV
& <DMXUYHGD 0HGLFLQH 7KH5LJ9HGDLVWKH
' 6DPDYHGD 0XVLF D &ROOHFWLRQRIK\PQV E&ROOHFWLRQRIVWRULHV
&RGH F &ROOHFWLRQRIZRUGV G7H[WRIZDU
$ % & ' 8352$523UH
D $QVD
E
7KH 5LJ 9HGD LV DQ DQFLHQW FROOHFWLRQ RI 9HGLF 6DQVNULW
F
K\PQV ,W FRQVLVWV RI WKRXVDQGV RI VXFK K\PQV RI VHYHUDO
G
VHHUVHDFKK\PQDYHUDJLQJDURXQGWHQYHUVHV,WLVRQHRI
033&63UH
WKHIRXUFDQRQLFDOVVDFUHGWH[WV6KUXWLRI+LQGXLVPNQRZQ
$QVD
DVµ9HGDV¶
7KHFRUUHFWO\PDWFKHGOLVWLVDVIROORZV 0DWFKWKH/LVW,DQG/LVW,,DQGFKRRVH\RXUDQVZHU
$WKDUYDYHGD 0HGLFLQH IURPWKHFRGHVJLYHQEHORZ
5LJ9HGD *RG*UDFH /LVW, /LVW,,
$ 5LJ9HGD L *RSDWKD
<DMXUYHGD 6DFUL¿FHSURFHVV
% 6DPDYHGD LL 6KDWSDWKD
6DPDYHGD 0XVLF
& $WKDUYDYHGD LLL $LWDUL\D
0DWFK/LVW,ZLWK/LVW,,DQGVHOHFWWKHFRUUHFWDQVZHU ' <DMXUYHGD LY 3DQFKYLVKD
IURPWKHFRGHVJLYHQEHORZ &RGH
F 6KDWDSDWKD%UDKPDQD G 7DLWWLWUL\D%UDKPDQD
D 5LJ9HGD E6DPDYHGD
033&63UH
$QVD F %UDKPLQ*UDQWKDV G<DMXUYHGD
5$65763UH
6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ
$QVG
µ*RSDWKD%UDKPDQD¶LVDVVRFLDWHGZLWK±
D <DMXUYHGD E 6DPYHGD <DMXUYHGDLQ6DQVNULWPHDQVµZLVGRPRIVDFUL¿FLDOIRUPXODV¶
F $WKDUYDYHGD G 5LJ9HGD 7KLV9HGDFRPSLOHGDFHQWXU\RUWZRDIWHUWKH5LJ9HGD
8352$523UH FRQWDLQVSURVHDQGYHUVHIRUPXODHWKDWZHUHWREHSURQRXQFHG
$QVF E\WKHSULHVWVSHUIRUPLQJWKHPDQXDOSDUWRIWKHVDFUL¿FH,W
7KH*RSDWKD%UDKPDQDLVWKHRQO\%UDKPDQDDJHQUHRIWKH GHVFULEHVLQSURVHDERXWWKHSURFHGXUDOGHWDLOVRISHUIRUPLQJ
SURVHWH[WVGHVFULELQJWKH9HGLFULWXDOVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKH GL൵HUHQWULWXDOVDQG<DMQDVXVLQJWKHK\PQVRIWKH5LJ9HGD
$WKDUYDYHGD7KHWH[WLVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKERWKWKH6KDXQDND 7KH6DPKLWDVRI<DMXU9HGDDUHGLYLGHGLQWRWZRSDUWV6KXNOD
DQGWKH3DLSSDODGDUHFHQVLRQVRIWKH$WKDUYDYHGD RUZKLWH<DMXU9HGDDQG.ULVKQDRUEODFN<DMXU9HGD6KXNOD
<DMXU9HGDKDVDVHSDUDWH%UDKPDQDWH[WZULWWHQDV6DWDSDWKD
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJLVD6DPKLWDRI6KXNOD<DMXUYHGD"
%UDKPDQDZKHUHDVWKH.ULVKQD<DMXU9HGDKDVWKH%UDKPDQD
D 9DMDVDQDPL E 0DLWUD\DQL
SURVHGLVFXVVLRQV
F 7DLWWLUL\D G .DWKDN
833&63UH :KLFK RQH RI WKH IROORZLQJ IRXU9HGDV FRQWDLQV DQ
$QVD DFFRXQWRIPDJLFDOFKDUPVDQGVSHOOV"
D 5LJ9HGD E<DMXUYHGD
7KHUHDUHWZREUDQFKHVRI<DMXUYHGD6KXNOD<DMXUYHGDDQG
F $WKDUYDYHGD G6DPDYHGD
.ULVKQD <DMXUYHGD 9DMDVQDPL LV WKH 6DPKLWD RI 6KXNOD -KDUNKDQG3&63UH
<DMXUYHGD6KXNOD<DMXUYHGDLVDYDLODEOHRQO\LQWKHSRHWLF $QVF
IRUP ZKHUHDV .ULVKQD<DMXUYHGD FRQWDLQV ERWK SRHWLF DV
7KHHDUOLHVWGHVFULSWLRQRIFKDUPVDQGVSHOOVFDQEHIRXQG
ZHOODVSURVHIRUP LQ$WKDUYDYHGD
:KLFK0DQGDODRI5LJ9HGDLVFRPSOHWHO\GHGLFDWHG 7KHFRPSLODWLRQRIZKLFKDPRQJWKHIROORZLQJLVEDVHG
WRµ6RPD¶" XSRQWKH5LJ9HGD"
D 6HYHQWK0DQGDOD E (LJKWK0DQGDOD
D <DMXUYHGD E 6DPDYHGD
F 1LQWK0DQGDOD G 7HQWK0DQGDOD
F $WKDUYDYHGD G 1RQHRIWKHDERYH
QG%36&3UH 833&63UH
$QVF $QVE
7KH 8SDQLVKDG OLWHUDWXUH LV QRW D UHOLJLRXV VFULSWXUH EXW .LQJ$VYDSDWLRIWKH8SDQLVKDGLFSHULRGZDVWKHUXOHURI
UHSUHVHQWV D SKLORVRSK\ IRU DOO WLPHV DQG IRU DOO 7KH D .DVKL E .HND\D
SKLORVRSK\ RI 8SDQLVKDGV GRHV QRW RSSRVH DQ\ VFKRRO RI F 3DQFKDOD G 9LGHKD
833&63UH
WKRXJKWUHOLJLRQRULQWHUSUHWDWLRQRIWKHVFULSWXUHVEXWLWV
$QVE
PHWKRG IRU H[SODLQLQJ LWV FRQFHSWV LV XQLTXH 8SDQLVKDG
PHDQVSXSLOVVLWQHDUWKHWHDFKHUWROHDUQIURPKLPDERXW 7KH8SDQLVKDGVVWDWHWKDWVRPH.VKDWUL\DNLQJVZKRZHUH
WKHVHFUHWGRFWULQH JUHDWVFKRODUVDQGSKLORVRSKHUVDOVRLPSDUWHGNQRZOHGJHWR
7KHPDLQWKHPHRI8SDQLVKDGVLV± %UDKPLQV6RPHRIWKHPZHUH.LQJ-DQDNRI9LGHKD.LQJ
D 6RFLDOVWUXFWXUH E 3KLORVRSK\ 3UDYDKDQMDEDOL RI 3DQFKDO .LQJ$VYDSDWL RI .HND\D DQG
F /DZ G 6WDWH .LQJ$MDWVKDWUXRI.DVKL$VYDSDWLZDVD.VKDWUL\DNLQJ
83/RZHU6XE3UH +H ZDV ZHOO NQRZQ DV D OHDUQHG WHDFKHU RI WKH DJH 7KH
$QVE .HND\DNLQJGRPZDVVLWXDWHGRQWKHEDQNRIULYHU%HDVHDVW
RI*DQGKDUDNLQJGRP.LQJ$VYDSDWLUXOHG.HND\DZKHQ
6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ
-DQDNZDVWKHNLQJRI9LGHKD
:KLFKRQHRIWKHIROORZLQJ9HGLFOLWHUDWXUHWDONVDERXW
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJLVWKHFRUUHFWRUGHURIWKH9HGLF
VDOYDWLRQ
OLWHUDWXUH"
D 5LJ9HGD E /DWHU6DPKLWDV
F %UDKPLQV G 8SDQLVKDGV D 9HGLF6DPKLWDV%UDKPDQDV$UDQ\DNDV8SDQLVKDGV
833&60DLQV E 9HGLF6DPKLWDV8SQLVKDGV$UDQ\DNDV%UDKPDQDV
$QVG F 9HGLF6DPKLWDV$UDQ\DNDV%UDKPDQDV8SQLVKDGV
6LQGKXULYHUZDVWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWULYHUGXULQJWKH9HGLF $QVE
SHULRGWKDWLVZK\LWZDVPHQWLRQHGPRVWRIWKHWLPHVLQWKH
5LYHUVJLYHQLQWKHRSWLRQVDUHFRUUHFWO\PDWFKHGDVIROORZV
5LJ9HGD6LQGKXULYHUGXHWRLWVHFRQRPLFLPSRUWDQFHZDV
ZLWKWKHLUPRGHUQQDPHV±
FDOOHGDVµ+LUDQ\DQL¶DQGLWVSODFHRIWHUPLQDWLRQUHIHUUHG
.XEKD .DEXO
WRDVµ3HUDYDW¶ZKLFKPHDQVµ$UDELDQ6HD¶6DUDVZDWLULYHU
3DUXVKQL 5DYL
ZDVWKHPRVWSLRXVULYHURI5LJYHGLF$U\DQVDQGFDOOHGDV
6DGDQHHUD *DQGDN
³1DGLWDPD¶¶
6KXWXGUL 6XWOHM
9HGLFULYHU$VNLQLLVLGHQWL¿HGZLWKZKLFKRQHRIWKH ,QWKHSHULRGRI0DKDEKDUDWDWKHQDPHRI0DKDQDGLZDV
IROORZLQJULYHUV" D .DYHUL E 7DSWL
D %HDV E 5DYL F 0DKDQDQGD G *DQJD
F &KHQDE G -KHOXP H 1RQHRIWKHVH
8336&*,& &KKDWWLVJDUK3&63UH
$QVF $QVH
9HGLFULYHU$VNLQLLVLGHQWL¿HGZLWKDSUHVHQWGD\ULYHUQDPHG 7KH QDPH RI 0DKDQDGL GXULQJ WKH SHULRG RI 0DKDEKDUDW
DV &KHQDE DOVR SRSXODUO\ NQRZQ DV &KDQGUDEKDJD 7KH
ZDV
&KLWURWSDOD
,QWKH%KLVKPDIHVWLYDORI0DKDEKDUDWD
ULYHU&KHQDERULJLQDWHVIURP7DQGLLQ/DKXO6SLWLZKHUHWZR
WKH &KLWURWSDOD ULYHU LV SUDLVHG DV 3XQD\DGD\LQL DQG 6LQ
ULYXOHWVQDPHO\&KDQGUDDQG%KDJDPHHWWRIRUPWKLVULYHU
9DVKLQLQL ,QGLDQ SHRSOH GUDQN WKH ZDWHU RI &KLWURWSDOD
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJULYHUVPHQWLRQHGLQWKH5LJ9HGD 7KLVIDFWLVSURYHGE\WKHIROORZLQJ9HUVHRI0DKDEKDUDWD±
LQGLFDWHVWKHUHODWLRQVRI$U\DQVZLWK$IJKDQLVWDQ" HI¥HHHVOKHXHHHI¥HHM/HHE FHESHJXHHE -HHHIQYHHU OH/HHaFHERHHINH«YHH5 -HZOHM&HH5 NH«HVHHE
D $VNLQL E 3DUXVKQL
¥HHHIKHFHQHYHRHUFHGaa
F .XEKD.UDPX G 9LSDVKD6KXWXGUL
7KH 0DKDQDGL KDV EHHQ FDOOHG &KLWURWSDOD *DQJD LQ WKH
833&63UH
$QVF 0DKREDFRSSHUSODWHRI6RPHVKZDU'HY
9HGDV µ¶SURSRXQGHG WKH WKHRU\ WKDW 1RUWK 3ROH $UFWLF DV LW ZHUH ³KHUG ZLWKLQ DQ HQFORVXUH´ LV UHODWLYHO\ PRUH
UHJLRQZDVWKHRULJLQDOKRPHRI$U\DQV%XWWKLVWKHRU\RI UHFHQW¿UVWUHFRUGHGDURXQGSRVW9HGLFSHULRG
7LODNLVQRWDFFHSWDEOHWRKLVWRULDQV 7KHUHOLJLRQRIHDUO\9HGLF$U\DQVZDVSULPDULO\RI
7KHQDPHRIVFULSWXUHLQZKLFKµ¶3XUXVKD0HGKD¶ZDV D %KDNWL
PHQWLRQHGLV E ,PDJHZRUVKLSDQG\DMQDV
D .ULVKQD<DMXUYHGD E6KXNOD<DMXUYHGD F :RUVKLSRIQDWXUHDQG\DMQDV
F 6KDWSDWK%UDKPDQD G3DQFKYLVK%UDKPDQD
G :RUVKLSRIQDWXUHDQGEKDNWL
833&66SO3UH
,$63UH
$QV
$QVF
µ3XUXVKD0HGKD¶KDVEHHQPHQWLRQHGLQ6KDWSDWK%UDKPDQD
7KH UHOLJLRQ RI HDUO\9HGLF$U\DQV ZDV PDLQO\ UHODWHG WR
RI 6KXNOD<DMXUYHGD DQG 7DLWWLUL\D %UDKPDQD RI .ULVKQD
ZRUVKLSRIWKHQDWXUHDQGSHUIRUPLQJRI<DMQDV7KH$U\DQV
<DMXUYHGD.ULVKQDDQG6KXNOD<DMXUYHGD
LQWKHHDUO\9HGLFSHULRGGHVFULEHGOLIHDVPDQLIHVWDWLRQRI
7KH SULHVW DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK .LQJ 9LGHJKD 0DGKDYD QDWXUH:RUVKLSRIGL൵HUHQWIRUFHVRIQDWXUHIRUPHGDSDUW
UHIHUUHGLQ6KDWDSDWKD%UDKPDQDZDV± RI WKHLU UHOLJLRXV EHOLHI 7KH\ EHOLHYHG WKDW VRPH GLYLQH
D 5LVKL%KDUDGZDM SRZHUZRUNVEHKLQGWKHREMHFWVRIQDWXUHVXFKDV¿UHZDWHU
E 5LVKL9DVKLVKWD ZLQGHWF
F 5LVKL9LVKZDPLWUD
,QWKH5LJYHGLFSHULRGSHRSOHEHOLHYHGPDLQO\LQ±
G 5LVKL*DXWDPD5DKXJDQD
83/RZHU6XE3UH D ,GROZRUVKLS E2QH*RGEHOLHI
$QVG F *RGGHVVZRUVKLS G6DFUL¿FHDQGULWXDOV
833&63UH
,WLVEHOLHYHGWKDW6DUDVZDWLZDVWKHVFHQHRIWKHDFWLYLWLHV $QVG
RIWKHIDPRXV9HGLFWULEHVWKH%KDUDWDVWKH3XUXVDQGWKH
6DFUL¿FHRU<DMQDZDVWKHFHQWUDOIHDWXUHRI5LJYHGLFUHOLJLRQ
.XUXV7KH6KDWDSDWKD%UDKPDQDQDUUDWHVWKHVWRU\RI.LQJ
'RPHVWLFVDFUL¿FHZDVWKHJHQHUDOUXOH&RPPXQLW\VDFUL¿FH
9LGHJKD0DGKDYDDNLQJRI9LGHKDDFFRPSDQLHGE\KLV
R൵HUHGE\NLQJVZHUHJUDQGIHVWLYDOV,WZDVEHOLHYHGWKDW
SULHVW5LVKL*DXWDPD5DKXJDQDFDUU\LQJWKHVDFUHG¿UHWR
HDVWSUHVHUYLQJWKHUHE\WKHWUDGLWLRQWKDWWKH.RVDODVDQGWKH *RGVZHUHSOHDVHGE\<DMQDRUVDFUL¿FH
9LGHKDVUHFHLYHGIURPWKHLUFXOWXUH )DPRXV%DWWOHRIµ7HQ.LQJV¶ZDVIRXJKWRQWKHEDQN
RIWKHULYHU±
,QWKHSRVW9HGLFSHULRGZKLFKZDVFRQVLGHUHGDVWKH
D 7KH*DQJHV E %UDKPDSXWUD
D[LVRI$U\DQ&XOWXUH F .DYHUL G 3DUXVKQL
D $QJD0DJDGKD E.RVDO9LGHKD QG%36&3UH
F .XUX3DQFKDOD G0DWV\D6KXUDVHQD $QVG
%± *HQHUDO6WXGLHV ,QGLDQ+LVWRU\
7KHUHLVDQDQFLHQWVWRU\PHQWLRQHGLQWKH5LJ9HGDFDOOHGWKH 7KH ZRUG µ<DYD¶ PHQWLRQHG LQ 5LJ9HGD LV XVHG IRU
'DVKDUDMQ\DRUµ:DURI.LQJV¶RQWKHEDQNRI3DUXVKQL ZKLFKDJULFXOWXUDOSURGXFW"
5LYHU7KHUHOLYHGDGHVFHQGDQWRI,QGLD¶VHSRQ\PRXVNLQJ D %DUOH\ E *UDP
%KDUDWD QDPHG 6XGDV7KH JUHDWHVW DFKLHYHPHQW RI 6XGDV F 5LFH G :KHDW
ZDVKLVWKXPSLQJYLFWRU\RYHUDFRQIHGHUDF\RIWHQNLQJV 833&66SO0DLQV
$QVD
7KHIDPRXVEDWWOHRIµ7HQ.LQJV¶DVGHVFULEHGLQWKH
5LJ9HGDZDVIRXJKWRQWKHEDQNRI 7KHZRUGµ<DYD¶PHQWLRQHGLQ5LJ9HGDLVXVHGIRUWKHIRRG
D 3DUXVKQL E 6DUDVZDWL JUDLQEDUOH\+HQFHRSWLRQDLVWKHFRUUHFWDQVZHU
F 9LSDVD G $VLNQL 0DWFKOLVW,ZLWKOLVW,,DQGFKRRVHWKHFRUUHFWDQVZHU
833&60DLQV IURPWKHFRGHJLYHQEHORZ±
$QVD /LVW, /LVW,,
$ 9ULKL L 6XJDUFDQH
6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ % 0XGJD LL 5LFH
& <DYD LLL0XQJEHDQ
:KLFK RI WKH IROORZLQJ ULYHU DPRQJ WKH IROORZLQJ ' ,NVKX LY0LOOHW
Join−> https://t.me/thehindu000
6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ 7KH µ0DQWUD¶ IDPRXV ZLWK WKH QDPH RI µ*D\DWUL
0DQWUD¶IRXQGLQZKLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJVFULSWXUHV±
6WXG\WKHIROORZLQJVWDWHPHQWVDERXWWKH9HGLF*RG,QGUD
D %KDJZDW*LWD
DQGVHOHFWWKHFRUUHFWDQVZHUIURPWKHFRGHVJLYHQEHORZ E$WKDUYDYHGD
:DVWKH*RGRIWKXQGHU F 5LJ9HGD
3XQLVKHGWKHVLQQHUV G0DQXVPULWL
833&63UH
:DVWKHJXDUGLDQRIWKHPRUDORUGHU
$QVF
:DVWKH*RGRIUDLQ
6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ
&RGHV
D DQGDUHFRUUHFW :KRFRPSRVHGWKH*D\DWUL0DQWUD"
E DQGDUHFRUUHFW D9DVLVKWKD E9LVKZDPLWUD
F,QGUD G3DULNVKLW
F DQGDUHFRUUHFW
8WWDUDNKDQG3&63UH
G DQGDUHFRUUHFW
$QVE
833&60DLQV
$QVG 6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ
D E $QVG
F G 6HHWKHDERYHH[SODQDWLRQ
8336&*,&
,Q0DKDEKDUDWE\ZKDWQDPHZHUHWKH.XQLQGDNLQJV
833&63UH
NQRZQ"
$QVE
D 6DUYDVUHVWKD E 0DGK\DP
3XUDQDVDUHWKHVDFUHGOLWHUDWXUHRI+LQGXLVP7KHUHDUH
F 'ZLM6UHVWKD G 'ZLM
3XUDQDVQDPHO\0DWV\D3XUDQD0DUNDQGH\D3XUDQD 8WWDUDNKDQG3&63UH
%KDJDYDW3XUDQDP%KDYLVK\D3XUDQD%UDKPDQGD $QVF
3XUDQD%UDKPD9DLYUDWD3XUDQD%UDKPD3XUDQD .XQLQGD.LQJVLQ0DKDEKDUDWZHUHNQRZQE\WKHQDPHRI
9DPDQD3XUDQD9DUDKD3XUDQD9LVKQX3XUDQD WKH'ZLM6KUHVWKD7KH\DUHPHQWLRQHGLQ6DEKD3DUYDRI
9D\X 3XUDQD $JQL 3XUDQD 1DUDGD 3XUDQD 0DKDEKDUDWD &KDSWHU 3DUW ,Q WKLV WKH\ KDG EHHQ
3DGPD3XUDQD/LQJD3XUDQD*DUXGD3XUDQD DGGUHVVHGDV
&KLHIDPRQJ'ZLMV
6NDQGD3XUDQD.XUPD3XUDQD2XWRIWKHVH3XUDQDV
$FFRUGLQJWR+LQGXP\WKRORJ\ZKLFKVHUSHQWR൵HUHG
6ULPDG%KDJYDWDPLVFRQVLGHUHGDVWKHµ&URZQ-HZHO¶RIDOO
KLPVHOIDVDURSHIRUFKXUQLQJWKHRFHDQ"
WKH9HGLFOLWHUDWXUH
D.DOLD E9DVXNL
,QZKLFKODQJXDJHZDVWKHµ6KULPDG%KDJDYDG*LWD¶ F3XVKNDU G6KHVKQDJ
RULJLQDOO\ZULWWHQ" 8WWDUDNKDQG8'$/'$3UH
D6DQVNULW E8UGX $QVE
F3DOL G+LQGL
8WWDUDNKDQG8'$/'$3UH 7KHFKXUQLQJRIWKHRFHDQRIPLONZDVDQHODERUDWHSURFHVV
$QVD 0RXQW0DQGDUDRU0DQGDU3DUYDWZDVXVHGDVWKHFKXUQLQJ
6KULPDG%KDJDYDG*LWDZDVRULJLQDOO\ZULWWHQLQ6DQVNULW URGDQG9DVXNLWKHNLQJRIVHUSHQWVZKRDELGHVRQ6KLYD¶V
ODQJXDJH RIWHQ UHIHUUHG LQ VKRUW DV *LWD 7KHUH DUH QHFNEHFDPHWKHFKXUQLQJURSH/RUG9LVKQXLQWKHIRUP
YHUVHVLQWKLV+LQGXVFULSWXUHDQGWKLVLVWKHSDUWRIWKHHSLF RI .XUPD$YWDU FDPH WR WKHLU UHVFXH DQG VXSSRUWHG WKH
0DKDEKDUDWD PRXQWDLQRQKLVEDFN
ZKLWHKRUVH
6KYHWDVKYDWDUD8SDQLVKDGLVDQDQFLHQW6DQVNULW 833&63UH
$QVF
WH[W HPEHGGHG LQ WKH<DMXUYHGD 6KDYHWDVKYDWDUD OLWHUDOO\
PHDQV
FDUULHGRQDZKLWHKRUVH
,WZDVWKHFRZZKLFKZDVFRQVLGHUHGDV³$JKDQ\D´GXULQJ
9HGLFSHULRG³$JKDQ\D´PHDQVQRWZRUWK\RIEHLQJNLOOHG
)XQGDPHQWDORUEDVLFVFULSWRIWKHµ5LJ9HGD¶ZDV±
7KLVVWDWXVRIWKHFRZVKRZVKRZSLRXVLWZDVFRQVLGHUHG
D 'HYQDJUL E .KDURVKWKL
GXULQJWKH9HGLFSHULRG
F 3DOL G %UDKPL
833&66SO3UH $JKDQ\DLQ5LJ9HGDLVPHQWLRQHGIRU±
WKH%UDKPLVFULSW7KH5LJ9HGDLVGLYLGHGLQWR0DQGDOV 6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ
ZKLFKFRQVLVWVRI6XNWDDQG0DQWUD$FFRUGLQJ
7KHQDPH
$JKDQ\D
PHQWLRQHGLQPDQ\SDVVDJHVRI
WR3DWDQMDOLWKHUHDUHEUDQFKHVRI5LJ9HGD7KHSULHVWV
WKH5LJ9HGDUHIHUVWR
RI5LJ9HGDZHUHFDOOHGµ+RWD
D 3ULHVW E :RPHQ
,QWKH9HGLFULWXDOV+27$LVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKH±
F &RZV G %UDKPDQDV
D 5LJ9HGD E <DMXUYDYHGD
833&63UH
F 6DPDYHGD G $WKDUYDYHGD
$QVF
8352$520DLQV
$QVD 6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ
6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ ,QWKHHDUO\5LJYHGLFSHULRGZKDWZDVFRQVLGHUHGWR
EHWKHPRVWYDOXDEOHSURSHUW\"
7KHUHLVDVLPLODULW\LQ$YHVWDDQGWKH5LJ9HGDIURP
D /DQG E&RZ
ZKLFKUHJLRQWKH$YHVWDLVUHODWHGWR±
F :RPHQ G:DWHU
D ,QGLD E ,UDQ
833&63UH5H([DP
F ,VUDHO G (J\SW
$QVE
83/RZHU6XE6SO3UH
$QVE &DWWOHEUHHGLQJZDVWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWHFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\
RIWKH5LJYHGLFSHRSOH3UD\HUVZHUHR൵HUHGWRLQFUHDVHWKH
$FFRUGLQJWRDGH¿QLWLRQJLYHQDERXWWKH$U\DQV³7KH,QGR
,UDQLDQ JURXS ZKRVH PHPEHUV FRPSRVHG WKH =RURDVWULDQ QXPEHURIFDWWOH,WZDVDPHGLXPRIH[FKDQJH$FRZLV
VFULSWXUHVWKH$YHVWDDQGWKH+LQGXVFULSWXUHVVXFKDVWKH FRQVLGHUHGDVDGHLW\LQVRPH6XNWDVRI5LJ9HGD
9HGDVFDOOHGWKHPVHOYHV$U\DQV6RLWLVFOHDUWKDWLQWKH
9HGLF SHULRG LW ZDV WKH UHJLRQ RI SUHVHQWGD\ ,UDQ ZKHUH ,QFRQWH[WRQ,QGLDQFXOWXUH
5LW
PHDQV
=RURDVWULDQLVPSUHYDLOHGDQGWKHµ$YHVWD¶ZDVZULWWHQE\ D 1DWXUDOODZ E $UWL¿FLDOODZ
=RURDVWULDQ F +XPDQODZ G 6RFLDOODZ
:KLFK RI WKH IROORZLQJ DQLPDOV ZDV FRQVLGHUHG DV H 1RQHRIWKHVH
³$JKDQ\D´GXULQJWKH9HGLFSHULRG &KKDWWLVJDUK3&63UH
D %XOO E6KHHS $QVD
KHZDVDOVRFDOOHGDV
5LWDV\DJRSD
RQ'DVKDPLWKGD\RIWKHZD[LQJPRRQ6KXNOD3DNVKD
RIWKH+LQGXFDOHQGDUPRQWK-\HVWKD7KHIHVWLYDOFHOHEUDWLRQ
,QWKHFRQWH[WRIDQFLHQW,QGLDQVRFLHW\ZKLFKRQHRI
ODVWVWHQGD\VSUHFHGLQJWKLVKRO\GD\
WKHIROORZLQJWHUPVGRHVQRWEHORQJWRWKHFDWHJRU\RI
WKHRWKHUWKUHH" 7KHWHDFKHUZKRWDXJKWµ9HG9HGDQJD¶IRUOLYHOLKRRG
D .XOD ZDVFDOOHG±
E9DQVKD D$FKDU\D
E$GKYDU\X
F .RVD
F8SDGK\D\D
G*RWUD
G3XURKLWD
,$63UH
8WWDUDNKDQG8'$/'$0DLQV
$QVF
$QVF
,QWKHFRQWH[WRIDQFLHQW,QGLDQVRFLHW\9DQVKD*RWUDDQG
8SDGK\D\DZDVWKHRQHZKRDGRSWHGWHDFKLQJDVDSURIHVVLRQ
.XODDUHWKHZRUGVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHIDPLO\V\VWHPEXW
WRHDUQKLVOLYHOLKRRGDQGWDXJKWRQO\DSRUWLRQRI9HGDRU
WKHZRUG.RVDLVUHODWHGWRWKHWUHDVXU\
9HGDQJDV
:KDWLVWKHWRWDOQXPEHURI6DQVNDUDV"
:LWKUHIHUHQFHWRWKHGL൵HUHQFHEHWZHHQWKHFXOWXUH
D E
RI5LJYHGLF$U\DQVDQG,QGXV9DOOH\SHRSOHZKLFKRI
F G
WKHIROORZLQJVWDWHPHQWVLVDUHFRUUHFW"
033&63UH
5LJYHGLF$U\DQVXVHGWKHFRDWRIPDLODQGKHOPHW
$QVG
LQ ZDUIDUH ZKHUHDV WKH SHRSOH RI ,QGXV 9DOOH\
7KHUHDUHWRWDORIVL[WHHQ6DQVNDUVWKDWKDYHEHHQGHVFULEHG
&LYLOL]DWLRQGLGQRWOHDYHDQ\HYLGHQFHRIXVLQJWKHP
7KUHH DUH SHUIRUPHG EHIRUH ELUWK WZHOYH GXULQJ OLIH DQG
5LJYHGLF$U\DQV NQHZ JROG VLOYHU DQG FRSSHU
RQHDIWHUGHDWK,WVHHPVWKDW8SQD\DQ6DQVNDULVWKHPRVW
ZKHUHDV,QGXV9DOOH\SHRSOHNQHZRQO\FRSSHUDQG
LPSRUWDQWDQGFRPPRQO\SHUIRUPHGEHVLGHVRIFRXUVHWKH
LURQ
ZHGGLQJFHUHPRQ\DQGULWXDODIWHUGHDWK
5LJYHGLF $U\DQV KDG GRPHVWLFDWHG WKH KRUVH
*DQJD'DVKHKDUDFHOHEUDWHGLQZKLFKPRQWKDQG
ZKHUHDVWKHUHLVQRHYLGHQFHRI,QGXV9DOOH\SHRSOH
GD\DFFRUGLQJ+LQGX&DOHQGDU" KDYLQJEHHQDZDUHRIWKLVDQLPDO
D 7HQWKEULJKWOXQDUGD\RI-\HVKWKD 6HOHFWWKHFRUUHFWDQVZHUXVLQJWKHFRGHJLYHQEHORZ
E 7HQWKEULJKWOXQDUGD\RI&KDLWUD D RQO\
E DQGRQO\
F 7HQWKEULJKWOXQDUGD\RI$VKZLQ
F DQGRQO\
G 7HQWKEULJKWOXQDUGD\RI0DJK
G DQG
&KKDWWLVJDUK3&63UH
,$63UH
$QVD
$QVD
,QGLDQ+LVWRU\ *HQHUDO6WXGLHV %±
&RDWRIPDLODQGKHOPHWPDGHRIJROGDQGLURQLVPHQWLRQHG 5XGUDN5DPSXWW*DXWDPDJRWHQOLJKWHQHGLQWKHPLJKWRI
LQ5LJYHGD3RVVLEO\WKH\ZHUHXVHGLQZDUIDUH,QGXV9DOOH\ 9DLVKDNK 3XUQLPD DIWHU VL[ \HDUV RI FRQWLQXRXV PHGLWDWLRQ
SHRSOHZHUHODFNLQJLQZHDSRQVDQGZHUHSRVVLEO\UXOHGE\ XQGHU D %RGKL WUHH LQ %RGK *D\D DW WKH DJH RI
$IWHU
DFODVVRIPHUFKDQWV,QGXVYDOOH\FLYLOL]DWLRQGLGQRWOHDYH HQOLJKWHQPHQW KH ZDV FDOOHG µ%XGGKD¶
$QRWKHU QDPH RI
DQ\HYLGHQFHRIXVLQJZHDSRQV7KHUHIRUHVWDWHPHQWLV
WKH%XGGKDLVµ7DWKDJDW¶ZKLFKPHDQVZKRVHWUXWKLVWKH
FRUUHFW5LJYHGLF$U\DQVNQHZJROGVLOYHUDQGFRSSHU,QGXV
NQRZOHGJH
+HZDVFDOOHGµ6KDN\DPXQL¶GXHWRKLVELUWKLQ
9DOOH\SHRSOHNQHZRQO\FRSSHUDQGEURQ]H7KHXVHRILURQ
VSUHDGLQ1RUWK,QGLDEHWZHHQ%&%&7KHUHIRUH 6KDN\DFODQ
$IWHUHQOLJKWHQPHQW*DXWDPD%XGGKDVWDUWHG
VWDWHPHQWLVZURQJ5LJYHGLF$U\DQVRZHGWKHLUVXFFHVV SUHDFKLQJ KLV RSLQLRQ
)URP 8UXYHOD %RGK *D\D KH ¿UVW
LQ,QGLDWRWKHLUXVHRIKRUVHVDQGFKDULRWVDQGUHFHQWO\D UHDFKHG 5LVKLSDWWDQ SUHVHQWGD\ 6DUQDWK 9DUDQDVL 7KHUH
VLWHFDOOHG%KDJZDQSXUDKDVEHHQH[FDYDWHGLQ+DU\DQDRI KHJDYHWKH¿UVWVHUPRQWR¿YH%UDKPLQVDQ\DVLV7KLV¿UVW
5LJYHGLFSHULRGZKHUHKRUVHERQHVKDYHDOVREHHQIRXQG
VHUPRQZDVFDOOHGµ'KDUPDFKDNUDSUDYDUWDQD¶
(YLGHQFH RI WKH KRUVH FRPHV IURP D VXSHU¿FLDO OHYHO RI
0RKDQMRGDURDQGIURPDGRXEWIXOWHUUDFRWWD¿JXULQHIURP 6\PEROVRI%XGGKLVPUHODWHGWRWKHOLIHRI%XGGKD±
/RWKDO7KHUHPDLQVRIWKHKRUVHDUHUHSRUWHGIURP6XUNRWDGD (YHQWV 6\PEROV
VLWXDWHG LQ ZHVW *XMDUDW DQG EHORQJ WR DURXQG %& %LUWK /RWXV %XOO
EXW WKH LGHQWLW\ LV GRXEWIXO ,Q DQ\ FDVH WKH ,QGXV 9DOOH\ *UHDW'HSDUWXUH +RUVH
FLYLOL]DWLRQZDVQRWKRUVHFHQWUHG7KHUHIRUHVWDWHPHQWLV 0DKDEKLQLVKNUDPDQD
DOVRZURQJ6RWKHFRUUHFWRSWLRQLVD
(QOLJKWHQPHQW1LUYDQD 3HHSDO%RGKLWUHH
%XGGKLVP )LUVW6HUPRQ
'KDUDPDFKDNUDSUDYDUWDQD
:KHHO
\HDUV ROG $EDQGRQLQJ RI KRPH LQ %XGGKLVW WH[WV DIROORZHUDQGWKHQEHFDPHDQHQHP\RI%XGGKD +HZDQWHG
KDV EHHQ FDOOHG µ0DKDEKLQLVKNUDPDQD¶ +H PHW WKH WR UHPRYH %XGGKD IURP WKH %XGGKLVW 6DQJK DQG EHFRPH WKH
$FKDU\DRI6DQNK\DSKLORVRSK\$ODU.DODPQHDU9DLVKDOL KHDGRIWKH6DQJKKLPVHOIEXWKHGLGQRWVXFFHHGLQLW7KHPRVW
6LGGKDUWKDUHDFKHG5DMJKULKDQGPHWDQRWKHU'KDUPDFKDU\D SURSDJDWHGVNLOORI%XGGKLVPZDVLQWKH.RVKDOVWDWH
D /XPELQL E %RGK*D\D
0DKDSDULQLUYDQDWHPSOHLVVLWXDWHGLQ.XVKLQDJDUGLVWULFWRI
F .XVKLQDJDU G .DSLOYDVWX
WK%36&3UH 8WWDU3UDGHVK,WLVYHU\IDPRXVVWDWXHRI%XGGKD7KHLPDJH
833&63UH ZDVXQHDUWKHGGXULQJDQH[FDYDWLRQLQ&DUYHGIURP
WR %36&3UH
UG WK &KXQDUVDQGVWRQHWKHVWDWXHUHSUHVHQWVWKHG\LQJ%XGGKD
$QVF UHFOLQLQJRQKLVULJKWVLGH
0DKDWPD %XGGKD GHOLYHUHG KLV ¿UVW VHUPRQ DW WKH VLWH RI :KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJ.LQJGRPVZHUHDVVRFLDWHGZLWK
'HHU3DUNDW6DUQDWK/DWHUKHPRYHGWRZDUGV.RVDOD.DS WKHOLIHRIWKH%XGGKD"
LODYDVWX9DLVKDOL DQG 5DMJULKD WR SURSDJDWH WKH WHDFKLQJV $YDQWL *DQGKDUD
RI%XGGKLVP7KHNLQJRI.RVDOD3UDVHQMLWZLWKKLVHQWLUH .RVDOD 0DJDGKD
IDPLO\DGRSWHGGLVFLSOHVKLSRI%XGGKD'XULQJKLVFDPSDLJQ 6HOHFWWKHFRUUHFWDQVZHUXVLQJWKHFRGHJLYHQEHORZ
KHUHDFKHGµ3DYD¶WKHFDSLWDORI0DOODV$W3DYD%XGGKD D DQG E DQG
VWD\HGLQWKHPDQJRJURYHRI&KXQGWKHEODFNVPLWK7KHUH F DQGRQO\ G DQG
&KXQG SURYLGHG KLP D ODUJH DPRXQW RI 6XNDUDPDGGDYD ,$63UH
ZKLFKUHVXOWHGLQVLFNQHVVZLWKWKHÀRZRIEORRGDQGYLROHQW ,$63UH
GHDGO\ SDLQV EXW %XGGKD UHDFKHG .XVKLQDUD &DSLWDO RI $QVF
5HSXEOLFRI0DOOD+HUHKHDEDQGRQHGKLVERG\LQ%&
)URPWKHJLYHQNLQJGRPV*DXWDP%XGGKDZDVDVVRFLDWHG
DWWKHDJHRI\HDUV,WLVDOVRNQRZQDV0DKDSDULQLUYDQ
ZLWK.RVDODDQG0DJDGKDNLQJGRP+HYLVLWHGWKHVHWZR
%XGGKDDWWDLQHG0DKDSDULQLUYDQDLQWKH5HSXEOLFRIWKH± NLQJGRPVWRSURSDJDWHKLVWHDFKLQJV
D 0DOODV E /LFKFKDYL
:KR ZDV WKH ODVW SHUVRQ WR JHW HQOLJKWHQPHQW IURP
F 6DN\DV G 3DODV
*DXWDP%XGGKD"
833&60DLQV
D $QDQG E6DULSXWWD
$QVD
F 0RJJODQ G6XEKDGGD
6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ 833&63UH
$QVG
*DXWDP %XGGKD DWWDLQHG ³0DKDSDULQLUYDQD´ LQ
NLQJGRPRI± *DXWDP%XGGKDLQKLVODVW\HDUVZHQWWRKLVGLVFLSOHQDPHG
D $XQJ E0DJDGKD &KXQGDW3DYDZKHUHKHVX൵HUHGIRRGSRLVRQLQJDIWHUHDWLQJ
F 0DOOD G9DWVD
SRUNR൵HUHGE\&KXQG7KHQKHZHQWWR.XVKLQDJDU&DSLWDO
833&63UH
$QVF FLW\DQGWKH0DOODV.LQJGRPZKHUHKHJDYHKLVODVW6HUPRQWR
6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ HQFHRI3LQGROD%KDUDGZDM8GD\DQWXUQHGWR%XGGKLVPDQG
µ'KDUPDFKDNUDSUDYDUWDQD¶ZDVSHUIRUPHGDW± GRQDWHG*KRVKLW5DP9LKDUWR%KLNVKX6DQJK
D 6DQFKL E6UDYDVWL )LUVW%XGGKLVW&RQIHUHQFHDIWHUWKHGHDWKRI%XGGKD
F 6DUQDWK G9DLVKDOL
ZDVSUHVLGHGRYHUE\
83/RZHU6XE3UH
$QVF D 0DKDNDVK\DSD E 'KDUPDVHQ
F $MDWDVKDWUX G 1DJDVHQ
6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ
833&63UH
*DXWDP%XGGKDJDYHWKHPD[LPXPVHUPRQVDWZKLFK $QVD
SODFH"
7KH ¿UVW %XGGKLVW &RXQFLO ZDV KHOG VRRQ DIWHU WKH 0D
D 9DLVKDOL E6KUDYDVWL
F .DXVKDPEL G5DMJULKD KDSDULQLUYDQDRIWKH%XGGKDXQGHUWKHSDWURQDJHRI.LQJ
833&63UH $MDWVKDWUXZLWKWKHPRQN0DKDNDVDSDSUHVLGHGDW5DMJULKD
$QVE LQWKH6DSWDSDUQL&DYH7KHLGHDZDVWRSUHVHUYH%XGGKD¶V
WHDFKLQJV6XWWDDQGUXOHVIRUGLVFLSOHV9LQD\D$QDQGD
0RVWRIWKHGLVFLSOHVRI*DXWDPD%XGGKDZHUHIURP.RVDOD
UHJLRQ+HGHOLYHUHGKLVPD[LPXPVHUPRQVDW6KUDYDVWLWKH RQH RI WKH JUHDW GLVFLSOHV RI %XGGKD UHFLWHG 6XWWDV DQG
FDSLWDORI.RVDOD 8SDOLDQRWKHUGLVFLSOHUHFLWHG9LQD\D$EKLGKDPPD3LWDND
ZDVDOVRLQFOXGHG
:KLFKSKLORVRSK\DFFHSWV
7ULUDWQD
"
D %XGGKLVP E 1\D\DSKLORVRSK\ :KRDPRQJWKHIROORZLQJFRQGXFWHGWKH¿UVW%XG
F <RJDSKLORVRSK\ G -DLQLVP GKLVW&RXQFLO"
H 1RQHRIWKHVH D $QDQGD E0DKDNDVVDSD
&KKDWWLVJDUK3&63UH
F 0RJJDOLSXWWD7LVVD G8SDOL
$QVD
838'$/'$0DLQV
7ULUDWQD7KUHHMHZHOVLVDVVRFLDWHGZLWK%XGGKDSKLORVRSK\ $QVE
+HUHWKHWKUHHMHZHOVDUHWKH%XGGKDWKH'KDPPDDQGWKH
6DQJKD 6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ
7KH )RXUWK %XGGKLVW &RXQFLO ZDV KHOG DW .XQGDOYDQD 8352$520DLQV
.DVKPLUXQGHUWKHSDWURQDJHRI.XVKDQ.LQJ.DQLVKNDDQG $QVD
WKHSUHVLGHQWRIWKLVFRXQFLOZDV9DVXPLWUDZLWK$VKYDJ
6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ
KRVDDVKLVGHSXW\SUHVLGHQW7KLVFRXQFLOGLVWLQFWO\GLYLGHG
%XGGKLVPLQWRWZRVHFWVQDPHO\0DKD\DQDDQG+LQD\DQD )RXU %XGGKLVW &RXQFLOV ZHUH KHOG LQ WKH IROORZLQJ
:KLFK RI WKH IROORZLQJ UXOHUV FRQYHQHG WKH )RXUWK SODFHV$UUDQJHWKHPLQFKURQRORJLFDORUGHUE\XVLQJ
%XGGKLVW&RXQFLOLQ.DVKPLU" WKHFRGHJLYHQEHORZ
D $VKRND E $MDWDVKDWUX 9DLVKDOL 5DMJULKD
F .DQLVKND G .DODVKRND .XQGDODYDQD 3DWDOLSXWUD
H 1RQHRIWKHDERYH0RUHWKDQRQHRIWKHDERYH &RGH
WK%36&3UH D E
$QVF F G
6HHWKHH[SODQDWLRQRIDERYHTXHVWLRQ 83/RZHU6XE3UH