Subject: Computer.

Assignment: Solid and Hard Disk.

Instructor/Lecturer: Sir Waqas.

Student: Ayesha Pervaiz.

Roll No. BS-08.
Program: BS English semester 3.

Date of Submission: December 20, 2020.

GCUF (Shahdara Campus)

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Topic:
Solid State Disk Store Data

Hard disk drives (HDDs) store data on a series of spinning magnetic disks called
platters. Hovering a few nanometers above the magnetic platters are the read/write
heads, located on the tip of the actuator arm. The read/write heads, as the name
suggests, are responsible for reading data from and writing data to the magnetic
platters. The read/write heads must be aligned over a particular part of the platter in
order to read and write data, which means there is a delay in the action. For
example, the data the user requires might be located on different parts of the disk.
Furthermore, if the hard drive is powered down or asleep, it can take a good few
seconds for it to power up again. It was always clear that hard disk drives could
never match the speeds at which CPUs operate, which is measured in nanoseconds
rather than milliseconds. Although the hard drive industry has tried to continuously
improve the read/write speeds of hard disk drives by introducing smaller platters and
faster spindles, there’s only so far these measures can go. Even the most advanced
hard drives are still nowhere near as fast as a CPU.
Solid state drives are a different matter. Called so because they don’t rely on
spinning disks or moving parts, data on SSDs is written to a pool of NAND flash,
which is made up of floating gate transistors. Unlike transistors in DRAM, NAND
flash doesn’t require a power supply to retain its charge state, and is known as non-
volatile memory. Although nowhere near as fast as main memory, NAND is many
times faster than a hard drive. Even write operations, which are much slower for
NAND flash than read operations, far out speed those of mechanical hard disk
drives.

Random Access Storage

RAM is called “random access” because any storage location on the computer can
be accessed directly (as opposed to randomly). Hard drives, for instance, are
organized in a way that allows the user to store and access information easily by
referencing specific locations on the hard drive's platters

Project Assignment By: Ayesha Pervaiz

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Types Of Magnetic Tape

 Adhesive Backing Magnetic Tape

 Plain Back Magnetic Tape

 Traditional Back Magnetic Tape

Types of Optical Storage Devices

 Audio CD

 Data Disc

 MP3 Disc

 Video CD

 Super Video CD

 DVD

 AVCHD disc

Types of Solid State Devices

 USB
 hard drive
 smart cards

Project Assignment By: Ayesha Pervaiz

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Project Assignment By: Ayesha Pervaiz