Co-funded by the

Erasmus+ Programme
of the European Union

STUDENTS INTERNSHIP REPORTS

SWEDEN - LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY
 L4IDS
White Goods
CIRCULAR DESIGN
LEARNING FOR INNOVATIVE DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY

AXEL QVARFORDT ROGER PASTALLÉ MAX REUTERSTEN BRANDON HUYNH PATRICK DOYLE PETER IJKEMA
 TOPICS

5 BACKGROUND 51 IDEATION
PROBLEM ABSTRACTION
IDEA GENERATION
9 BRIEFING & RESEARCH
SKETCHING
MANUFACTURE
FIRST CONCEPTS
LIFECYCLE
CURRENT SITUATION
BENCHMARKING
91 FINAL CONCEPT
ÅVC REDESIGN
STAKEHOLDERS
SELF FIX KIT
23 GOALS
TARGET IMAGE
BUSINESS MOTIVATION

29 REQUIREMENTS &
RESOURCES
PRELIMINARY SPECS
ORGANIZATION
WORKPLAN
DELIVERY AND RISKS
 BACKGROUND
In agreement with Linköping University (LIU) and the Erasmus Pro-
gramme we have the pleasure to start this project in Circular Design
inside the programme of Learning for Innovative Design for Sustai-
nability (L4IDS) who tries to find common solutions that help mini-
mise the environmental impact of consumption and reduce the use
of resources, in order to find a way to enhance the current situation
of the white goods that are aged up, broken and thrown away and
generates an amount of waste too large.

To find a better system that lowers the percentage of wasted white

goods in Sweden, our team will work on this project for 12 weeks with
the following partners in order to improve the current situation in the
country.

Our partners are Electrolux, EL-Kresten, Tricircular, Tiranius, Ste-

na Recycling, Neptunia Invest and LIU as mentioned before, we also
have to do special mention to the Limerick University, NHL University
and UPC.

5
PETER IJKEMA BRANDON HUYNH MAX REUTERSTEN

THE TEAM

PATRICK DOYLE AXEL QVARFORDT ROGER PASTALLÉ

7
BRIEFING

CURRENT SITUATION
LIFECYCLE
CONSUMERS MAP OF DISPOSAL
BENCHMARKING
STAKEHOLDERS

9

PRODUCTION
Below you will find a general description of the process of the production of
the many different white goods. The same process does apply to most white
goods in general. A washing machine could be built out of the following raw
materials: steel, iron, aluminium, porcelain (coating) and plastics (copper,
alloy, glass, ceramic, can be found in other white goods).
The metals are pressed into sheets, extrude to form pipes or injected to get
technical parts. After this, they are formed so they can be assembled later.
The plastics will be moulded or injected into useable pieces. Electrical parts
are made from ceramics, and many types of metals, they are attached to
the mechanical parts in order to get the functional parts. After all the indi-
vidual parts are, the assembly will start. Most of the assembly will be done
by machine, but there are some parts that are done by hand. Materials for
third parties that are used for production will be tested to make sure the
quality is up to standard. Byproducts will be reused or recycled whenever
possible.
WHITE GOODS MANUFACTURE
DISTRIBUTION
After the manufacturing process of creating valued products, these are
then distributed to suppliers in order to be sold to the consumers. The pro-
ducts are transported via transportation vehicles in mass amounts in order
to optimize the efficiency of distribution. The products can also be distribu-
ted to warehouses in order to be stored and re-distributed to retailers. The
stakeholders involved within the distribution process include transporters,
retailers, warehouse staff and the manufacturer.
SALES
After the products are distributed to the retailers, the retailers begin the
sales process to consumers. The sales process can be divided into separate
categories either being sold in stores or via third-party sellers.
11
 LIFE CYCLE

END OF LIFE CYCLE

The end of life cycle diagram shows a myriad of ways in which the product
can be disposed of after the consumer is finished using the product. The
disposal of white goods is a major process that needs a lot of attention. The
3 routes shown in this diagram can be ordered in terms of the positive im-
pact it has on the circular economy. The optimal option is for the consumer
is to use the last route, as selling to a 3rd party does not require any extra
resources or energy. the Next best option is to refurbish the machine, as
this allows for the reuse of parts and therefore, less waste. The last option is
then to recycle the parts from the machine. this is the worst case scenario
as the process of recycling creates air pollution (releasing toxic gases into
the atmosphere).

PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE

This product life cycle shows the steps of how the product reaches the con-
sumer from the extraction of the raw materials all the way to the purchase
of the product by the customer. This is an important step in the overall pro-
cess as it allows us as designers to evaluate the different steps and to see
if there are any ways to improve the process. Our objective is to make this
process more circular.

13
 DISPOSALS MAPPING
Nowadays we are involved in a system that give us many ways to dispose
what we consider waste, but at last most of them ends in the same point.
Here we have an aproximation of the different options of disposal.
This brainstorm is ordered from best case
scenario to worst.
We found a really wide scope of options
that the customers can choose when some
of their home appliances are broken, old or
may not work properly, so after the issues
come to the surface we took all these pos-
sibilities, sort them and analyze from the
best till the worst case.
In the worst case, the people who doesn’t
care about the enviroment just dump out-
side white goods creating an important
problem of contamination because of the
mad behavior. Same concept but in a be-
tter way, they could dispose the broken
ones on a recycling center in order to be
dissasembled, gradied and sort the haza-
dous materials, that supose a better way
but it also bad because of the amount of
waste that generates in that points.
Another many ways to do it right is up-
grading our white goods, repairing, refur-
bishing or just selling to other customers
trhough many diferent platforms or 3rd
parties. That will allow the many home
appliances to keep flowing on the circular
economy meanwhile they have some va-
lue.
Our further goals are looking to improve this
first map of disposal and how can the people
realize about the current problem.
15
v

STAKEHOLDERS

TRICIRCULAR AB

NEPTUNIA AB

17
vv
STAKEHOLDERS
Tiranius AB: The company’s knowledge of
efficient and thus profitable recycling sales of
white goods and opportunities to increase the
volumes already handled today.
El-kretsen: Develop models for handling
unwanted appliances that retain more of the
products economic value and reduce their envi-
ronmental impact compared to today’s system.
The models can later be tested for other product
categories. Understanding how El-Kretsen can
be driving to establish a national system based
on local applications of suitable models.
Electrolux Hemprodukter AB and
Electrolux AB: Knowledge of future possible
product flows and how the company and its pro-
ducts can be developed to become part of this
new stream of products and the business oppor-
tunities that follow. In the long run, the experien-
ce can be important for the company’s role in si-
milar systems in other countries and for product
design.
Tricircular AB: The company wishes to build
its own and the parties involved with it how the
financial and legal conditions for re-manufactu-
ring and sale of reuse products in Sweden and TRICIRCULAR
Europe look like. The company wishes to act as AB
an advisor and project manager for other com-
panies and products as part of their advisory
activities.
Stena Recycling: Knowledge of what an in-
tended system needs for services from recycling
companies when it comes to handling products
and materials.
Neptunia Invest AB: Opportunities to build
new knowledge and to translate their knowledge
NEPTUNIA
and use its international network of students, re-
searchers and companies to build a platform to
AB
be able to act as an advisor in the field of circular
business, in Sweden and internationally.
19
 Stakeholders
El-Kersten 3,5%
Analisys
Electrolux 10,5%
Tiranius 57%
Tricircular 8,7%
Stena Recycling 3,5%
LIU 2,6% In this slide will be shown about the diffe-
Neptunia 14,8% rent stakeholders that are involved in this
project and how much effort they are put-
ting in this project. In terms of hours, these
percentatges show how involved are they.

The following companies are part of a joint

research project to identify and exami-
ne ways to increase reuse of white goods
and white goods components. The joint re-
search project is the client for our project
and our main stakeholders. The following
organizations are part of the joint project.

21
MAIN GOALS
The goal of this Circular Design project is to promote sustai-
nable production and consumption of products and services
in Europe, with that our main goals with this project comes
with the needs of many companies to reduce waste, more
specificaly, electrical and electronical waste that are thrown
away because of the consumers doesn’t even know how to
do when they get broken, or just dump the home apliances
away when doesn’t work properly, instead of reusing the cu-
rrent one or buying arefurbished one.

The society needs to be much more conscient about the

current trouble that we have with this kind of waste and we
should design some way to enhance the behavior surroun-
ding this issues. We will go trhough this problem, identify it
and define a system that aims to reduce waste and increase
the result.

23
TARGET IMAGE

The overall goal of the project is to identify

and investigate ways to increase the reuse of
appliances and white goods components. The
problem is that we recycle or throw away whi-
te goods that have functioning parts, creating
unnecessary waste that could have been used.
The aim is to change the way people interact
with white goods at the end of the products life.
This design vision is to change the way white
goods are handled at the end of their use. We
are doing this within the scope of products al-
ready on the markets and by that putting up
boundaries on not looking at how we can chan-
ge the white goods at productions.

There are a few challenges in this project. One

is trying to change the mindset towards end of
life cycle white goods. Not only how people view
them when throwing away but also on how to
motivate people to recycle these and make
them want to buy used white goods. Another
hard challenges is creating a system that is self
sustainable finanicales and it doesn’t need any
outside financial aid.

In the end there should be some sort of a sys-

tem in which white goods can be reused. The
white goods can be reused in the way they
were meant to be used, but they could also be
upscaled to other appliances. During the pro-
ject there will be research done to find out what
works the best for us.
25
 BUSINESS MOTIVATION

At the moment Sweden is one of the most

sustainable countries on the planet. Of course
this does not happen without effort. Sweden is
constantly working to be more sustainable. The
next step in sustainability is to create a circular
economy. In a perfect world there would not be
any waste produced. To work towards this per-
fect world we have to start making small steps.

The aim of this project is to help create a more

sustainable and circular economy for the use
of white goods. Today we throw out to many
of the white goods even though they are wor-
king perfectly fine or just needs some parts to
be replaced. This project is supposed to solve
the problem with a system in which the whi-
te goods are collected and refurbished so they
be cal sold again. Helping the environment and
creating these new jobs are what motivations
the business to work.

27
REQUIREMENTS &
RESOURCES

PRELIMINARY SPECS
ORGANIZATION
WORKPLAN
DELIVERY AND RISKS

29
PRELIMINARY SPECS
In this chapter. It will show the important focuses of the project.
The project groups were made official on the 8th of february and will end EXPECTED BENEFITS
on 26th of April. The means the project spans over 11 weeks. Four of the
students are working 100% on the project while two others (Axel and Max) · Enviromental and resource benefit extending life of
have other courses during that time. So they will be working six weeks 50% working machines
of the time and the remaining weeks 100% of the time with an exception du-
ring the exam period. Counting on that the team have around 2400h total

working time. · Social benefits, such as quality assured second trade

Looking beyond the working hours the team also have a broad competence · Business benefits of a circular economy that preser
within language since we have one who speaks Dutch, one Spanish and Ca- ves value
talan, two Swedish and everyone knows English. We also have a broad set
of skills between since we have studied different subjects in our respective
universities.

31
 REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION

The requirements of the project are as follows:

Specifications that will need to be met
·The result of the project needs to be a system that increases the re-
use of the white goods and their components or a product that are
benefits such a system.
·The solution needs to address what happens with the white goods
when the users decides that they do not want to keep it.
·The solution can therefore not be isolated to the maintenance of the
white goods.
·The solution can not depend on the OEM making design changes to
the white good.
·The solution needs to be implementable in all of Sweden.
·The solution needs to be commercially sustainable in the sense that
it can not depend on public funding.
·The solution needs to incorporate environmentally friendly methods
in order to create a circular economy.

Specifications to be optimized
·The solution should be as easy as possible to implement within a
companies business plan.
·The solution should improve the current situation which our target
scenario is aimed towards as much as possible.
·The solution should be as easy as possible for a company to maintain.
·The solution should provide as good a user experience as possible.
·The solutions workflow should be as intuitive as possible for the user.
·The solution should be as appealing to the public as possible and in
centivise them as much as possible.
·The solution needs to be as convenient and easily accessible as possi
ble for users to use.

33
 ORGANIZATION
Axel Qvarfordt - Project Leader
The project leader is responsible for day to day running of the project. It is
the project managers role to ensure that the project runs as smoothly as
possible and that the project group stays on track with the project’s goals.
Max Reutersten - Vice Project Leader
It is the vice project leaders job to also keep up the day to day runnings of
the project. The vice project leader will take initiative when the project ma-
nager is absent or busy in order to ensure the project is running smoothly
and efficiently.
Brandon Huynh - Media Manager
It is the media managers role to document all work that has been done. He
will photograph all the progress we will make and upload it to a drive to use
it for documentation. The media manager will also overlook any media pro-
duced within the project e.g Video presentations.
Patrick Doyle - Visual Manager
The role of the visual manager is to ensure that the presentations and do-
cuments are of a high visual standard. The visual manager will overlook the
work being produced by the other group members and help guide them in
regards to visual aspects.
Peter IJkema - Communication Manager
The role of the communication manager is to email and contact different
stakeholders to obtain info. It is the communication managers role to orga-
nise various meetings and schedule events with various stakeholders. The
communication manager will be incharge of any queries group members
may have and will relay information provided by stakeholders.
Roger Pastallé - Design Manager
The field of the design manager inquiries of project management skills, de-
sign, strategy, and supply chain techniques to control a creative process,
support a culture of creativity, and build a structure and organization for
design. The objective of design management is to develop and maintain an
efficient business environment in which an organization can achieve its stra-
tegic and mission goals through design to aid the design of any prototypes
that are made.
35
 FINAL ENDED PRODUCTS
WORK PLAN
The main goals in our project will be create a final product ended and totaly
In order to plan accurate all of the tasks that we need to cover we made a implementable, easy to use for the consumers, information and education
plan to follow it, including differents methods, the final goal is to cover all the for further generations creating this way a better circular society. With the
actual needs. As you will see further there’s the plan for the project. final promoting video users will know how all the system works.
A graphical poster will be made to explain the project and an additional
video will accompany the poster to explain a proof of concept with more
TASK PLANNING detail and then there will be two presentation at the end of the course. One
for the board at the University and a second one for the Tricircular AB in
Starting at the project launch, the main activities were the fully research of Stockholm.
current systems, Interviews with our stakeholders, research about swedish
laws , circularity research and conferences, stakeholder analysis, planning
actual storage systems, project analysis. After the first steps by reserch we
went ahead with the ideation phase by doing some brainstorming and ma-
ppings of the current situation. Evaluate feasible solutions and concept de-
velopment of ideas. Visit a company with similar system (INREGO).

Design phase involves the most creative part, using different design me-
thods we want to develop as much ideas as we can, generatig a feasable
business model that fits in a circular economy by doing a model canvas.
Testing then the posible concepts and

37
WBS

39
GANTT CHART

41
 RISK ANALYSIS
Risk Identification, risk evaluation and preventive action.
Stated below are some potential risk that the project can come across. After
that possible solutions for the problem are stated.

INTERNAL RISKS
Enthusiasm at the beginning of the project, which can decline after getting
the details or after the team has worked for a certain time on the project.
A solution for this situation could be organizing an event that is not related
to school to boost the team morale. This can also help with team bonding
allowing the team to improve relationships with one and as a result work
together more effectively. Working in a different way or in a different envi-
ronment could also help members work on the project.

An unclear division of tasks within the team. A solution for this is a digital
board where tasks can be assigned to the different team members which the
project manager can overlook to ensure the workload is distributed evenly.
Team members that are not motivated to work. To help with this, working
with more goals could help. This is so there is more motivation to work and
a clear idea of what has to be done. When that does not work, the problem
has to be found for each individual case.
Differences in opinions and personalities in and outside of the project. More
team building helps with getting to know each other better. Giving feedback
to each other will also help. When it is going really bad the team has to be
reminded that we work together on a project that we all chose, because we
would like to work on it. Outside of school we have events together, which
helps with the teamwork. A good rule to help with not getting clashes within
a project is not talking about someone but instead talk to the person about
it.
Absence of a team member, which leads to a slower working process. The
ideal situation would be one where the team member can work on the pro-
ject even though he is not in the working space. Of course part of the team
is working full time and part of the team will work part time in the beginning.
The team knows this from the start, so planning will be made accordingly.

43
Not reaching the goals within the time that was given. The planning has to
be revised for this. The right priorities have to be set in the beginning and
during the project. This will be done with the team and help from outside.
Project members have too much work for what fits their working process. A
lot of work is done together, but in case a team member can not finish his
own individual task, the project manager has to find a solution.
Project members do not finish a task, but rather try to perfect it. When this
occurs regularly with a certain person, then the tasks for that person should
have a shorter deadline, so they are forced to finish the tasks. Of course
good work is desirable, but the given project has a rather short durance, so
big steps have to be made in a short time.
There are too many areas of expertise involved in the project. The team con-
tains different expertises that cover different aspects of the project. Howe-
ver the project could cover areas that the team is not familiar with. For this
the team will have to learn some new skills. There is a limit to this. In case
there is too big of a learning gap, a proof of concept/smaller prototype can
be made.
EXTERNAL RISKS
The specifications of the project changing too often. A conversation with
the client where the team makes clear what they expect can change this.
Communication is key here. There are a lot of stakeholders to keep in consi-
deration. Every monday (whenever possible) There will be a talk with Erik in
which we update him on our work and see if it is feasible in the given project.
Facilities that are hard to use for whatever reason. Another solution should
be researched accordingly. Good preparation and research beforehand will
also help. There is a working space for us that is always available. There is
also the possibility to make use of the workshop for small prototyping.
The changing (consumer) environment. The team has to be updated about
the latest trend in both white goods and circular economy. During the pro-
ject time there will be several masterclasses about design and circularity.
Next to this it is the team’s responsibility to keep updated about trends.
People outside of the team that are not following through with their pro-
mises. The team should be clear to everyone inside the project about what
they want and when they want it. The team has to be clear in communica-
tion to outside partners. However the project group is aware that the group
might only be a small project in the eyes of some bigger partners.
The project’s objectives remaining to vague. The team will most likely run
into this problem, because there is probably not going to be a very specific
assignment to work with. Instead there is room for a lot of input from the
side of the team. A solution for this is for the team to set their own objecti-
ves with agreement from the client. The team also has to keep in mind what
they with their specific skill set can add to the project.
45
Availability of the client. Conversation time with the client should be used
as efficient as possible. This can be done with good preparation and regular
planned moments for the conversations. A lot of communication will also be
done through Erik.
Too much expectations from the client. This can be discussed within a mee-
ting. The client should have a clear visions of the team’s skills. It is important
to have realistic goals for the project.

RISK PREVENTION
In order to prevent all these risks from happening in the first place, we as a
team set up a document with working agreements.

Group agreements: Working agreements

The following have been made in the team to prevent internal problems.
When you are walking around with a problem, you should go to the person
or person that it applies to, if this is impossible for whatever reason you
should go to the project leader, if this is impossible you should go to the next
person in charge.
Information that is gathered within a personal talk will be private, unless the
person giving the information will explicitly tell it can be shared.
Health among the group members is important, so if there is need for chan-
ge to improve health we will try to do this.
When we encounter challenges deriving from social and cultural differences,
we deal with them in a cultural sensitive way.
We honour the rights of individuals within our teams to celebrate their cul-
ture and customs to the extent that it does not inappropriately undermine
the morale and mission of our team.
The main way of online communication will be Slack.
If you have to miss school time. You have to notify the team on Slack. If you
are not comfortable with that you can contact the project leader personally.
If you are not in school for whatever reason you should try to stay as avai-
lable as possible.
We should keep our schedule between 8 a.m. until 17 p.m, monday through
friday. This is true until other plans are made with the group.
At least one beer for a celebration only for weekends. We can do activities
with other teams. We have to make sure that success will not be forgotten
too quickly.
We incorporate what we know about technology, science and management
of projects, programmes and project portfolios to develop the people with
whom we work.

47

When you think you are not able to finish your task within the given time,
you should notify the project leader as soon as possible.
Decisions will be made based on consensus, this means that the group will
discuss the issue until everyone is able to live with the decision. Everyone
will get a chance to voice their opinion. In case this is too time consuming, or
when this leads to nothing, a majority vote will decide.
Everyone is supposed to be in team meetings. When you are unavailable
you have to notify the team at least on a day notice. If you are not able to
notice you will do it as soon as possible.
Every time there is a meeting, notices have to be made. The secretary role
will be given to another person each time. The report that is made has to be
shared with the team as soon as possible.
During meetings the focus has to be on the meeting and the meeting only.
So no leisure use of laptops or phones and no talking with other classmates.
We will do our best to keep all the people involved with the project updated.
Consequences for not following the contract:
It is the duty of every team member to follow the contract to their ability. If
any issues arise they should try and be resolved between group members if
not their project leader should be contacted about the issue.
The first offense will lead to a short talk with the project leader or another
group member when that is impossible for whatever reason. This talk will be
short and will mainly about prevention for the next time.
The second offense lead to a second talk with project leader or another group
member when that is impossible for whatever reason. In this talk it will be
made clear that it is not the second time something went wrong and that
the person has to be careful about the problem.
If one single person breaks the contract more than two times action will be
taken accordingly.When the same offense is made three times, there has to
be made a solution for that within the group.
When the offenses are really holding the group down, there will be a talk
with the whole group. When that does not work, the mentor will also be in-
volved within these talks.
In the worst possible scenario where everything mentioned above did not
get the improvements that were aimed for, then an end of working together
will be discussed with the group and the tutor. This is of course the last solu-
tion. The team has to make effort to prevent this from happening.
49
 IDEATION

PROBLEM ABSTRACTION
IDEA GENERATION
SKETCHING
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

51
PROBLEM ABSTRACTION
For the analysis of the system we divided the process into 4 sections, before
ÅVC, at ÅVC, remanufacturing and distribution. We analysed each stage
of the process and identified the key issues associated with each stage by
brainstorming
This is how we found all the white goods at the recycling center in Malmö,
most of the machines were disposed without protection, without care and
we also noticed that maybe 20 or 30 percent of all the machines there were
quite actual and probably still in good conditions before disposed.

ÅVC CONTEXT
Today, individuals and companies that own white goods have three options
for getting rid of them after they are done using them. The three options are
that you either sell them on a secondhand market, let their old ones be pic-
ked up in connection with getting new or driving the old ones to a recycling
center where the materials from the appliances are recycled.

The problem with the last two options is that many functional white goods
are discarded even though they can be reused. There are several reasons
why this is happening but one reason is that there are too few systems im-
plemented for reuse of white goods and it often feels like it easier to just get
rid of the old one if it breaks or a new one is bought. This is why a new sim-
pler system for handling white goods is needed.
53
 BEFORE ÅVC AT ÅVC

Here are the main issues which we encountered when investigating the sta- Here are the main issues which we encountered when investigating the sta-
ge before ÅVC. ge at ÅVC

55
 REMANUFACTURING DISTRIBUTION AFTER REMANUFACTURING

Here are the main issues which we encountered when investigating the sta- Here are the main issues which we encountered when investigated distri-
ge at ÅVC bution

57
 IDEA GENERATION

The idea generation was based of the problem abstraction, and how to sol-
ve the different problems.

The main forms of idea generation that we used are as follows:

· Brainstorming
· Sketching
· Model Making
· CAD Models
· Photoshop rendering
· Negative Brainstorm
· Mind maps

59
 REMANUFACTURING FLOWCHART
The remanufacturing process
display a possible solution in
which the system could be re-
volved around. The map shows
a way in which a system could
use remanufacturing to create
a circular loop. This system may
go hand in hand with the leasing
system.
The process will start of with
the transportation to the rema-
nufacturing office or warehou-
se in which this process will oc-
cur. The next step will be for the
maintenance/repair man to sort
and inspect the white goods when
they arrive at the warehouse. Then
the testing of the white goods will
occur, this will consist of a thorough
inspection.
Then the decision of whether the
white good machine is in working
order. If so, the maintenance man
will decide if the machine is worn or
not. If the machine is worn, aesthe-
tic refurbishment will occur. If the
machine is not physically worn, a
quick clean will be conducted. Then If the machine is not functional, the repair man will decide if the machine
the final testing will commence, the is repairable or not, if so, the machine will be fixed using spare parts from
progress will be documented until unfixable machines. If not, parts that are in working order will be salvaged.
the machine is eventually sold.
61
CONSUMER JOURNEY MAPPING

63
BRAINSTORMING
SKETCHING NEGATIVE
BRAINSTORMING

BENCHMARKING CAD MODELLING

65
BRAINSTORMING FIRST IDEAS
To begin the ideation process we began to brainstorm various ideas in or- · IOT Refurbished Home appliances
der to understand the problem and try to come up with a solution. We used
various brainstorming techniques like mind mapping, quick ideation sket- · Redesign ÅVC layout
ches, spider diagrams, negative brainstorm, brain writing and discussions
. We explored various aspects of circularity in order to try and brainstorm
· Self Fix system
various solutions which would include circular aspects for a viable solution. · Leasing refurbished appliances
We brainstormed multiple solutions in order to have a wider scope of which
we could narrow down and develop, weighing the pros and cons of each so-
lution against each other in order to try find the best possible solution.

67
STORYBOARD
After having multiple brainstorm sessions, the team used storyboarding.
With this method the team visualised ideas through stories. The team con-
sists mostly of members that work with a lot of sketching and modelling and
thus work visually most of the time.

The visualisation triggers different ideas along the way. While explaining the
different ideas, new ideas were generated and ideas were combined with
each other. Storyboarding has also helped the team to work more on the
same level. Different words can mean different things, but when they are
drawn out ideas can become clearer.

69
71
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
The main requirements of the completed system are as follows:

· The result of the project needs to be a system that increases

the re-use of the white goods and their components or a pro-
duct that benefits such a system.
· The solution needs to address what happens with the white
goods when the users decides that they do not want to keep
it. The solution can therefore not be isolated to the mainte-
nance of the white goods.
· The solution can not depend on the OEM making design
changes to the white good.
· The solution needs to be implementable in all of Sweden.
· The solution needs to be commercially sustainable in the
sense that it can not depend on public funding.
· The solution needs to incorporate environmentally friendly
methods in order to create a circular economy.
· The solution needs to be easily implemented within a com-
panies business plan.
· The solution needs to improve the current situation which
our target scenario is aimed towards.
· The solution needs to create a system which a company can
easily maintain.
· The solution needs to provide a good user experience.
· The solution needs to provide a intuitive workflow for the
user.
· The solution needs to be appealing to the public and incenti-
vise them to use the solution.
· The solution needs to be convenient and easily accessible
for users to use

73
 CONCEPTS

1. REDESIGN ÅVC LAYOUT

2. IOT REFURBISHED GOODS
3. LEASING REFURBISHED
GOODS
4. SELF FIX SYSTEM

75
REDESIGN ÅVC LAYOUT
PRODUCT FEATURES become more aware of their deci-
sions and select the solution which is
better for the environment.
The following features illustrate how
might be the final product of the Redesigning the ÅVC would affect
ÅVC layout. more than just systems of white
good recycling, which we need to
· Disposal of white goods that goes take into account when designing
to reuse the new layout. Solutions must be
· A layout that favors reusing over intuitive to users and make it easy
recycling if possible for them to use the new solution en-
· Inform the users of the environ- couraging them to reuse instead of
mental advantages of reusing over recycling. We also hope to educate
recycling users about the difference between
· Inform the users of the benefactors reuse and recycling and the bene-
of reusing in a way that convinces fits of reusing appliances instead of
the users that the money will go recycling.
to ethical practices This solution would benefit a circular
· Make it clear where the users economy as it will increase the reuse
should put what products of appliances reducing the amount
of material waste as well as educa-
To be able to sell the refurbished ting users to be more environmen-
white goods we first need to acquire tally cautious of their decisions when
them. This will be done by redesig- disposing of products.
ning the ÅVC in a way that facilita-
tes reuse. This redesign would implement me-
thods which would guide the users
Right now most people in Sweden go to the reuse options and make it
to ÅVC when they want to dispose. clear from the moment the enter
We want to redesign ÅVC to enable the ÅVC in order to ensure that they
reuse, better and effective way of in- are aware of the options instead of
creasing the reuse without changing just recycling. Signs and displays
the users habits of disposal. This re- would make users more aware of
design would be an effective solution their output and how they can help
as it is taking facilities which people the environment as well as what the
already use and redesigning them outcomes of their choice can have a
to encourage and educate users to positive or negative affect.
77
PRODUCT TEST AND VERIFICATION

Testing of this system will consist of building a scale model of the layout
and simulating the experience for the consumer.
Another testing method will consist of creating surveys and interviews with
customers of the recycling centre to allow us to gain knowledge of how a
user will interact with this possible solution.

Mock up redesigns can be implemented and user tested in order to un-

derstand how users interact with the solution and what the possible effects
and influences are introduced as a result to the solution.

Posters and campaigns can be introduced in order to receive input from

users to understand what influences users and how to educate them to be
more environmentally conscious of their decisions. Role playing can also be
tested to create a close to real scenario to test for how various users react
to the solution and to identify the viability of the solution.

79
81
IOT REFURBISHED WHITE GOODS
PRODUCT FEATURES parts to clients
· Creates an emotional attachment

Our idea goes around the intro-

duction to old things into a new and One important problem that we
smart world of internet. The idea of have considered is how all the pro-
upgrading old stuff that will be re- ducts degrade over time, lose their
placed in five or ten years came up visual appeal and the product will
with our idea. Something that last feel dated due to its age. With te-
with the time, is something that is chnology moving so fast, just selling
constantly upgrading, and that’s the old white goods might be proble-
base of circular economy. matic with time. This concept takes
Main points and features of the pro- the old products and refurbishes
duct: them, but also adds new functiona-
lity by turning the white goods into
· Display information of the current something that resembles a smart
state of the different parts of the appliance. Screens and sensors
machine would be installed on every refurbi-
· Set alarms for really used parts shed white good. This would track
(maintenance needed) how much the product is used and
· Displays savings in terms of water, then warn the user when a part
energy and money for the user starts to break down. This could be
Personal advice about good hand- done either by having sensors on
ling each part or by combining tracking
· Compile data of home appliances the overall use of the white good
to enhance the way it is used and with previous knowledge of the parts
disposed life span. If the white goods are part
· Creates a smart home network (in of a leasing system or maintenance
combination with Google Home) system the company who owns the
· Manage it with your phone system could also get alerts when
· Tracking in many different senses, a customer’s white good is dan-
like lifetime, usage and location gerously close to breaking down.
· Companies receive information of Adding new technologies to the
all the machines appliances would ensure that the
· Based on the received information, white goods are more current and
the company send messages more relevant for consumers.
· Creates another way to sell spare

83
PRODUCT TEST AND VERIFICATION

First internal (software) testing can be done in order to be sure that the
product is functioning the way it is supposed to be.
When this has been done, user testing can be done in order to see how the
public will interact with the product. This can be done in different ways de-
pending on what the exact goal is of the test.
For example if you want to know if the system is user friendly, there can be
a test where the participants get little to no information and let them expe-
riment to see if they are using it the way it was meant to be.
To test if the system could be sustainable to maintain, a lot of research has
to be done. There has to be: small scale testing, research of material flows,
calculations of costs and prices.
The product has to be within the rules of the (local) law. To make sure that
is true this has to be verified somehow as well.

85
LEASING SYSTEM FOR REFURBISHED APPLIANCES

PRODUCT FEATURES · Companies always owns the product

· Constant track of products
We believe a leasing system for refurbished white goods could provide a · Easy to maintain products in good conditions
lot of value, these are the features that the system would allow: · Product recovery after use
· Monthly intake of money
· Customer freedom
· No customer risk

87
PRODUCT TEST AND VERIFICATION

This solution engage two parties that arrive to a hire-purchase agreement

without the requirement of an initial deposit and the added advantage of
tax benefits. It is known for both which action will cost money for the servi-
ce, in that way the customer doesn’t own the product and they don’t have
to care about the maintenance.

This single fact allows the owner to track the movement of their products,
have an inventory of each and get money every month or every period of
time and in case that the lesser doesn’t want the service anymore he just
need to cancel the contract. The customers also don’t have the same risk
compared to when they buy a used white good outright.

This system would be very good for circularity since it uses maintenance
as the first solution to deteriorating products. And when maintenance is no
longer a viable solution the white goods are refurbished. This system ensu-
res that the products are only recycled as a last resort.

One major advantage a leasing system has over a normal sales structu-
re is that the user does not have to worry about the white good breaking
down. This is very important because a big disadvantage a remanufactu-
red white good has compared to a new one is that the users can not trust
that the product will last as long as a new white good. A leasing system
would remove this disadvantage since the user is not affected in the event
of a white good breaking down. The downside of the lessor paying having
to pay for the repairs is mitigated by the ability to control the maintenance
of the product, making major repairs rare.

This system would synergize very well with the “IoT Refurbished Home
Appliances”-concept due to easier maintenance.

89
SELF FIX SYSTEM
PRODUCT FEATURES
The features that are required for
the self fix system are as follows:
· A self fix tool kit that allows the
consumer to repair the white good
themselves
· The self fix tool kit will include the
appropriate tools needed to repair
the white goods
· The self fix kit will be in conjunction
with app.
· The app needs to be easy to use
· Easy to order parts
· Video tutorials for self fix
· Creates emotional attachment
· Smart display will be compatible
with app
· Display will indicate which part is
needing repair.
· Information on how to maintain
WG
· Intended audience: those who take
pleasure in fixing own WG
This idea consists of an application
in which you can order parts, main-
tain machine and also repair any
broken parts using the self fix kit.
The self fix kit will include standardi-
sed tools that will be used to service
the model that a consumer has. The
main focus of this system is to ena-
ble the consumer to repair any sim-
ple problems that may occur. From
research and an interview with an
electrician, there are some parts,
such as the carbon brushes and the
pump which can be replaced very
easily, therefore it would not be ne-
cessary to throw out the WG when a
simple problem like this occurs. The-
refore it increases the reuse of white
goods.
The system will also include a smart
display that could indicate the ex-
pected lifetime of each part using
the sensors etc mention with IOT.
This will then give the consumer
knowledge about their machine and
allow them to order the correct part
when their machine breaks down.
This application will have a step by
step guide of how you replace each
part using the self fix kit, and a video
tutorial for an aided guide.
This system will hopefully create an
emotional connection between the
consumer and product.
91
PRODUCT TEST AND VERIFICATION

Testing of this system will consist of building a toolbox in scale and simula-
te the experience of the consumer.

Another testing method will be conducting interview with an electrician

with knowledge within the field of repairing white goods to find out what
the toolbox need to contain.

Testing using the CAD software was used to test and verify the dimensions
and to ensure the proportions are correct.

Another test that was carried out was for this system was using the repair
app, which allows the consumers to verify their work completed using the
verification step by step checklist.

93
95
97
FINAL CONCEPTS
ÅVC REDESIGNED LAYOUT
uREPAIR

99
ÅVC REDESIGNED LAYOUT
WASTE MANAGEMENT
· Åvc does not get money based on output
· +- 400 visits a day
· 57% of the visitors stop at one bin only
· There are roughly two types of layouts for
åvc’s: the “square” layout and the “one
way linear”.
· The main reason for a full container is a
lack of planning
· The season/time of the year can cause a
peak in incoming goods
· During peak dates there can be a queue · Åvc workers would like to have more sig-
so long that it starts at the road that leads ns that direct åvc users towards the right
to the åvc. bin
· A typical visit lasts around 2-3 minutes · Signs have to be readable in a short
and the majority of this time is spent mo- amount of time to prevent queues
ving items into bins · Åvc’s have to have a traffic flow that is
· There is a lack of information of what easy to understand
item goes in which bin. It is common that
wrong items end up in a bin
· The amount of space for cars in the åvc is
important in the design.
· A big amount of space is positive for both
the visitor and the åvc
101
 REQUIREMENTS

· Signs have to be easy to understand

from the inside of a car
· Intuitive route through the whole
åvc
· The redesign should have a minimal
negative impact on the lead time
(the time between entering and lea-
ving the åvc)
· Everything that is added to the åvc
should be in the same style as the
style that is already established (de-
pends the åvc wants)
· The reuse space should stand out in
such a way that a average åvc user
can see it easily and is easy to navi-
gate
· The reuse space should stand out
in such a way that a user that was
planning to go to one particular bin
at least notices the reuse space
· The reuse space has to be safe and
MODEL SCALE 1:100
secure for users and åvc workers
· Reuse space is not in line of the tra-
ffic
· Not too labour intensive to get whi-
te goods out of the åvc
· People turning in products at the
reuse space have to have the option
to indicate the condition of the white
good they are turning in and or an in-
dication of the reason for turning the
white good in
· The signs at the reuse space should
state what does and what does not
belong at the space

REUSE LOGOS 103

ACTUAL RECYCLING CENTER

NICE TO HAVE
· To empty the reuse space it has to cost a similar
amount of time as other parts of the åvc
· Signs could be at places where queues are forming
in and around the åvc
· Signs/personnel/? could educate the user on reusing
and circularity opposed to regular recycling

NEW CONCEPT
The green space is the space that lorries will use to co-
llect the containers.

The red dots are possible places for signs.

The blue space is the possible space to drive/park a car.

In the redesign the amount of space for cars will remain

the same.

105
107
RE-USE SHELTERS

109
111
113
REDESIGN BOOKLET

115
 uREPAIR
RESEARCH
· Tools to disassemble the different
white goods
·Different sizes of wrenches, cou-
ples of plies and allen heads
· Already many options of tool kits
in the market
· There’s differents way to send
through post, and there’s business
opportunities to send it back wi-
thout cost for the customer
· Lean Managing, we want to focus
on a pull system
· Product precision, no waste
· Actual consumption and small
lots
· Low inventories and waste reduc-
tion
REQUIREMENTS
·It has to be useful for the mainte-
nance works
·Easy storage and moving around,
easy logistics
·Must to be cheap to ship
·Available 365 a year at anytime
·Delivering system in less than 1 day
·Toolkit self return without extra
cost for the consumer
·It has to fit inside or a side of the
product packaging
·The toolkit pack must fit in a mail-
box
· The return direction must be en-
graved at the bottom of the packa-
ge
· It should have the option to get the
tools with the reused part
· Different options of borrow or buy
the tools
· Must have a tracking system to
ensure return
· Not easily breakable
117
HOW IT WORKS

Troubleshooting-
User can diagnose the problem by indicating what symp-
Option to drop off the Self Fix Kit at the recycling centre
toms there are
Recycle the broken part
Parts-
Ability to order a toolkit and used parts for white goods
Reduce shipping costs
Tutorials -
Step by step guide to fix white goods with verification

119
 ECONOMICAL ASPECTS
The cost of åvc workers is: 26.100 SEK/month (lower quartile of Government
social benefits officials)
26100/160≈163 SEK/hour.
Transportation (Van and e-Bike)
Sorting
Disassembling
Cardboard to make packages
Fuel=5 SEK
Packaging= 8 SEK
Working hours=3*163=489 SEK
(warranty)
- Fixed costs (93.000 SEK)
- Shelters (10.000*4=40.000 SEK)
- Signs (10.000 SEK) https://www.scb.se/en/finding-statistics/statistics-by-subject-area/labour-market/wages-sala-
- Transportation vehicles (15.000*2=30.000) ries-and-labour-costs/wage-and-salary-structures-and-employment-in-the-primary-municipa-
- Tools and kits (20*150=3000 SEK lities/pong/tables-and-graphs/average-monthly-salary-by-occupation/
- Marketing (10.000 SEK) Sending back the self fix kit would cost about 40 SEK in the Netherlands.
- Logistic management system (Storage and system to store)
PARTS
INCOME The machine below costs 3890 SEK
Average reused washing machine price in the UK = 110 pounds≈1.333 SEK https://www.mediamarkt.se/sv/product/_electrolux-fw20l6120-tv%C3%A4ttmaskin-1279335.
A washing machine in the UK costs: 349 Pounds≈4.228 SEK html
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Electrolux-ewf1484bw-Independent-Loading-Freestanding/dp/B00R- A new motor for this model costs 1.484,60 SEK
FVNJFA/ref=sr_1_4?keywords=electrolux&qid=1554721552&s=appliances&sr=1-4 https://www.ransomspares.co.uk/parts/brands/electrolux/washing-machines/fw20l6120%20
(91491220300)/motorcommutator-/673529.htm
The same washing machine in Sweden costs 3.620 SEK
https://www.prisjakt.nu/produkt.php?pu=3258849
1484,60/3890≈0,38
3620/4228≈0.86
This means that in Sweden the same washing machine is 86% of the price of This means that a new motor for this model is about 38% of the price of a
the same machine in the UK. new one.
If we sell this motor at around 50% of the new price (700 SEK) and working
This means the average sales price of reused washing machines is hours =2 the formula is as following:
1333*0,86≈1.146 SEK X*700
Calculation 93.000+X*339
X*1146 - 93.000+X*489
At 142 sold machines the company would break even. The break even point is 258 motors here. After this point the company will
http://createuk.com/product-category/our-products/washerdryers/ start making money.
121
Linköping has 111.267 current population.
Let’s say 50.000 have access to their own washing machine. Let’s say the
average machine is used by 4 people. In this case there are around 12.500
washing machine in the city of Linköping. This number could be way off.

Average lifetime is 6 years.

12.500/6≈2083 These are our potential customers.

This means if 10% of the potential customers buy a motor, we are breaking
even within 2 years.

CIRCULARITY
With the redesign of the recycling centre it is the goal to be able to reuse whi-
te goods that consumers want to dispose of. The white good can be totally
functional or broken. If it is functional it could be resold without it costing too
much effort. If it is broken, it could be fixed, or disassembled.

In the last case the white good can be divided in the different parts it is made
of. The different parts can be stored and be sold later with the fix kit. There
might be some parts in the machine that are broken, or so inexpensive that
they can not be sold with a profit. Those parts will enter the traditional recy-
cling process. Using the different parts in combination with the Self Fix Kit will
potentially save multiple machines with one broken machine.

When this concept is executed well, we hope to potentially safe machines

before they enter the recycling centre. And if the machine will enter the re-
cycling centre it could be reused. In this case there is less waste, less waste
and a culture of reusing and repairing.

Since we think education is a huge part of making a circular system work

on a big scale, the concept of fixing products yourself and hopefully creating
an attachment to the product would be effective. This in circularity itself and
educating people along the way.

123
125
127
 Co-funded by the
Erasmus+ Programme
of the European Union

STUDENTS INTERNSHIP REPORTS

SWEDEN - LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY
L4IDS: Team Textile
Process Book
Create a sustainable loop for the
clothes in the service sector.

1
CONTENTS
Introduction 3 Ideation 48 Final Solutions` 101
Team Textile 4 Preliminary Requirements 50 Problem 102
The Brief 6 Brainstorming 51 Problem Tree 103
Our Challenge 7 Sketching 55 Requirements 104
Saiboo 8 Decision Making & Methods 58
Stakeholder Analysis 10 Final Filter Design 105
Deliverables 11 Design 111
Concept Development 59
Risk Analysis 12 Technical Drawing 113
Timeline 60
Limitations 14 Calculations 118
Problem Tree 61
Scenarios 63 Material Properties 123
Planning 15 Requirements 65 Recycling System 128
Gantt Chart 16 Logo Concept 67 Application 129
Milestones 17 Concept 1 68
Estimated Hours 18 Logo Concepts 70 Awareness Final Design 130
Work Plan 19 Logo Concept 71 Ocean Logo 132
Networking 24 Quality Cycle Software 73 Web page 134
Sensor Concept 1 74
Research 25 Repair Service 76 Quality Cycle Final Design 135
Current Situation 26 Inspiration Board 77
Swedish Healthcare 29 Filter Concepts 78
Market Analysis 33 Existing Filters 80 Summary 142
Material Analysis 35 Concept 1 83
Circularity In Textiles 37 Development 86 Posters 144
Re-design 87
Scenario Crosses 90 Learning Evaluations 148
Trips and Interviews 39
Overview 40 Test & Validation 92
Interviews 41 Business Plan Concept 98
Trips 45

2
INTRODUCTION
3
TEAM TEXTILE

4
TEAM TEXTILE
Our team decided to take a test to graphically show our strengths and weaknesses. We found this tool to be an
interesting way to visualize the teams attributes

Focus & Knowledge Moa Robin

Think positively

Intuition & Emotion

Organise & Control

Laura Killian Gerard
Ideas & Creativity

Prevention & Negativism

5
THE BRIEF

6
THE TEAMS CHALLENGE

Vision
Create a sustainable loop for the work wear in
the service sector.

7
COMPANY BACKGROUND
Saiboo is a company that are designing and producing clothes for the healthcare
and service sector. Saiboo offer a dress code for doctors and healthcare workers
with a professional look, with exceptional products and with a service of the highest
quality. At the moment Saiboo has a system for recycling and taking back the worn
out clothes. But the current system is leaving them with clothing which is just being
left or thrown away as they cannot find a solution for separating and re-using these
garments.

Here are some items which Saiboo sell and

rent to healthcare institutes. They sell both
male and female garments as well as
footwear and accessories such as belts and
name tags.

Saiboo use Polyester, cotton, elastane and

tencel in their clothing.

8
SAIBOO SYSTEM
Saiboos main focus are sustainable clothing for care and service related businesses. Therefore, it is of most value for
them and they are trying to make there line of product as sustainable as possible by closing loops in the life cycle of
their products by doing this saiboo gives back what have been used in a new form, but still gives it back.

When you, as a customer feel that your clothes are worn out, you reach out to saiboo and you decide on a pick up
date when saiboo will come and pick up your worn out clothes. Put them in the saiboo recycle bag and they will
come and get it for you.

Saiboos last step in the chain of sustainability is based on an interest for the nature and the forest. Therefore, saiboo
have established a foundation where all revenue from the usage of recycled clothes goes. After that the money is
given to for example afforestation and for clean water. By doing that saiboo aims to contribute to a more sustainable
long-term development. Saiboo collects clothes that have been used and therefore the clothes from saiboo comes
with a recycle bag for sending back. New products for interior design or sent back to their partner in recycling.
Saiboo also ensure that the companies logos won't be seen after the recycling process.

Saiboo’s currently problem are that they don’t know what to do with the garments that are being sent back from the
customers. Saiboo are currently researching a lot about how the fibers in the garment can be used again. Make new
thread from old thread.

The team found three main rival companies by doing research, Hejco, textilia, and Jobeline. In one hand we have
Hejco and Jobeline, that work with the same system as Saiboo does, they sell and the institutions or clients own the
products, but on the other hand we have Textilia, a company who rent work clothes and the laundry service,
nowadays is the Sweden's largest textile service partner for public healthcare.
9
STAKEHOLDERS

This graph is how we view the stakeholders in relation to our

project and who we feel influences the project. We see
ourselves as the main stakeholders in the project as we will be
making the final decisions and have the final say on the
outcomes of the project.

Other stakeholders include Saiboo, and Saiboos CEO who we

have met and who has given us advice on circular design and
on their own current situation in relation to circular design. You
then have Renee the Project owner, the Swedish healthcare
sector, and the EU Erasmus plus programme who have co
funded this project.

Finally you have the Universities who have brought the team
together. The staff in the healthcare sector and the swedish
government. This is a good way to see who has helped shaped
the project.

10
DELIVERABLES

PROCESS BOOK POSTERS PROTOTYPE

Final Model/Final
Research Final Solution application
Ideation Graphics Physical Model
Concept Renders Representation
Final Creative Process Video

THESIS PRESENTATIONS MOCK UPS

Design textile
Pre-Study Gate Rapid Prototypes
for sustainable Planning Gate Testing
behavior by Concept Gate Modelling
nudging Final Gate Wireframing

11
RISK ANALYSIS
This follows up the risks the group identified in the beginning of the project.

Initially identified risks

The group identified risks when it comes to the co operation between its members and each and everyone's different ways of doing work
in projects. Also it was identified that language could be an issue. Both from the perspective that all of us has different native languages and
also since we have different proficiency in english. Since the members have experience from different places, the picture of how things are
currently working could be different. The group had different prerequisites when it came to time since most members had different
courses that they needed to do at the same time. Therefore, it could be a problem to make sure that everyone was working at the same
things and the things that was decided on in the group. The group also decided to have two project managers. That could be a risk because
of difficulties when it come to leadership and who should make the final decisions if it weights.

12
RISK ANALYSIS
Coping with problems

To make sure that the members would not pull in different directions on how to do the work, the group made clear from the first meeting
how the group was going to do the work. When to plan and when to do what. When something deviated from the schedule, the group sat
down in one of the daily scrums to discuss through it and make sure that everyone was on the same page. The group used English all the
time as its main language and when difficulties upcame the group made sure that everyone understood by translating to the native
language of the one who needed. After that the group also made sure that the rest of the group knew what was said so that no one got
excluded in the communication. That was something the group found of great importance since the risk arises of misunderstandings with
too much translation. The group decided early on to limit its main focus to Sweden and only take some influences from other countries.
This made it central to look for information in this specific geographical area. Since none of the Swedish students in the group had much
knowledge from the healthcare sector and the catalan and Irish students only had from their countries, pretty much everyone was on a
blank slate in information when starting the project. The group have used time management to focus on what should be done and the
quality of it rather than the quantity of hours the group have been sat down and doing work together. In that way it was easier to manage
differences in schedules. By having meetings at a regular pace with a high frequency the group could follow each others work and make
sure that nothing was made double. The project managers of the group had no problem with working with each other and always made
sure to be on the same page. Sometimes one or the other was ahead in thought but communication guides through those moments.

13
LIMITATIONS
The group have knowledge and experience from the healthcare industries in different countries thanks by the member of the group coming from different countries.
To make a more narrow and make the task more possible to grip the group has decided to only focus on the sector in Sweden. Other experiences may be included
in the report but not as main focus.

The group has decided to look at a more narrow problem to raise awareness and show how it is possible to solve the problem of closing the loop completely with
the solution of microplastics filter. By having a visionary approach and focus on small steps to look bigger at the end. Therefore the filter will be designed for
domestic and company use with calculations, while the group are aware that the solution might be most effective if connected to the net of water pipes that runs
out and through the city instead. This more narrowed focus is done due to a hope to gain more awareness of the concerning issue and because of the time scope of
the project in total. With a preliminary raise in awareness more people eventually will ask for solutions and will be happy to see them at place.

The vision is not limited but focused on the bigger picture of closing the loop in the healthcare sector and following in all of service sectors. Though, smaller aims are
attached to be able to break the solution down and address the issue one by one without taking to much to account.

The biggest limitation on the group is the one of time. The group is only together for 12 weeks and after that everyone will work on their own conclusions and
writings. Therefore, the project needs to be finished during that time. Most of the members in the group also had other courses beside the project which has
restricted the amount of time able to put in to the work on the project.

The group is part of a EU-project that has connected everyone and put the group together. EU supports the project with money and makes it possible for the group
to do study trips and rent cars and buying things for prototyping and testing. The group have not been limited at all by the budget but has instead been able to do all
the trips and buying all the things that the group have seen as needed and that the group wanted.

In the report there will be calculations done on the filter system and to approximate the amount of washes that is possible and so an. This is not done in the fully
accurate way but is done to make sure the proof of concept. Also estimations is made based on the short time and based on the fact that none of us have
preexisting knowledge from the field and also since before had limited knowledge in the field of fluid mechanics.

The group made a late limitation about the cost analysis that the group at first wanted to do. Since there was a lack of time the group did not do a specified price
estimation for the business model.
14
PLANNING
15
GANTT CHART

16
MILESTONES
Milestones
The work has been done with milestones used
as guidelines to be able to follow up the work.
The milestones was presented by a milestones
schedule where it was easier to see longterm
what needs to be done, but more specific than
the original Gannt schedule.

The group followed the milestones fully and

finished all the tasks on time, visualized in the
graph. Due to planning that was done nearby
some things changed since the group had as
plan to keep a detailed planning with milestones
and dates while at the same time plan more in
detail each and every week with a scrum table,
keeping a agile style of the working process.
Many things also got added at the end of the
project that was not possible to foresee at the
time when the planning was done.

17
Estimated Hours - Hours worked

The group had a vision to work with a heavier

front but made up the planning and time
budget with a fairly even distribution. The
planning was followed pretty accurate through
all of the project with the exception that more
work was conducted during the midst of the
project while less was left that was needed to
be done at the end of the project. At least less
then what was accounted for.

18
WORK PLAN

Entire Project Overview

This is the complete 12 weeks of the project
planned out as a more general overview.
Showing us where our important milestones
lie.

This was an important reference point for the

group to see what events we had in the
coming weeks such as trips and meetings.

19
WORK PLAN

Bi-Weekly Overview
We also created 2 more detailed weekly plans.
One for the current week and more for the
following week.

Here we could see the weeks in more detail and

using post its we could add and remove our
comings and goings as a group such as Labs,
Masterclasses, meetings and tasks to be done.

20
SCRUM

Every day starts with a daily planning and ends with a

daily scrum.

Our Sprint loop for researching is for 2 weeks but, for

the concept and final gates the sprint will be for 1
week.

The scrum was an extremely useful tool to help us

visualize our tasks and see how different tasks were
progressing.

Each of us had Individual spots on the board to keep

track of individual tasks as well as the general group
work.

21
SCRUM - FINAL WEEK

This scrum system continued to work

throughout the project and kept each team
member on their toes.

Seeing a task finished was satisfying for both

yourself as a member of the team and seeing
other people finish their own task.

Visually seeing the project move across the

board drove us on as a team.

22
WORKING STRUCTURE

→ Brainstorm → Research → Restrictions → Narrowing → Generating

→ Knowledge → Needs → Problems → Directions → Solutions

23
NETWORKING
Moa, our networking manager made sure we had a lot of contact points throughout
the project. As a swedish speaker we thought it was best for Moa to be the
networking manager, taking calls and sending emails, as the process would flow
easier.

Having these contacts was hugely important for us to gather information from
experts and people who work first hand with things in relation to our project.

Other contacts included people from the University and more involved with the
project.

24
RESEARCH
25
CURRENT SITUATION

Goal/Vision
To offer a dress-code for workers in
the health care with high quality,
functionality, good looking and with a
hygienic standard

26
CURRENT SITUATION
Sell clothes to Worn out clothes:
customers: Users use Send back to
Health Care/ the clothes Saiboo in Saiboo
hospitals etc. recycle bag.
Is this working?

Recycle the clothes

to new things:
Production
carpets,
process? The customer needs to send it back to
pillows etc. saiboo and they could forget it
Downcycling
To worn out clothes which are sent back
to the company are being downcycled
(recycled to something with lower value)
and in that way leaves the loop.
27
SAIBOO PRODUCT LIFE-CYCLE

Production Process Transporting Hospital

Designing the clothes From Saiboo to Hospital Saiboo clothing used by
Production of clothes Staff

New Products Saiboo Transporting Collected

Saiboo use the used Saiboo use and redesign the From Hospital to Saiboo Saiboo gather the used
clothes to make new collected clothes for recycling clothes for recycling
products (Carpets, into other products
Pillows, etc)
28
STATE OF CURRENT HEALTHCARE SECTOR

15 kilos of textiles
per person per year

Cotton production
7,000 to
requires

29,000 liters of
water per kilogram

It consumes at least one

kilogram of chemicals

References:

29
SWEDISH HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

How public healthcare in Sweden works:

Generally, the country councils and municipalities both finance and provide health services. They are responsible for planning and
distributing resources.
Sweden has a universal healthcare system, and there are 79 hospitals in Sweden, six of them are private.
All residents, including expats, have access to public-financed healthcare services.
Employees and employers pay into the public fund.
The central government dictates health policy, but the system is decentralised, meaning that country councils and municipal
governments are responsible for providing services. The majority of the costs to run this system are paid for by country council and
municipal taxes.
The public maternal healthcare system is particularly strong in Sweden, is looked at as a role model for the rest of the world.
The future : eHealth 2025

30
SWEDISH HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

SWEDEN
There are two healthcare systems in Sweden, Public health care and private:
About the public one:
Swedish GDP (Gross Domestic Product) was worth 538.04 billion US dollars in 2017, and with 51.405$ Sweden has the highest GDP in the
Scandinavian countries.

The Government spends 5.511$/capita in the

Swedish health care public system.

31
RIVAL COMPANIES

Rent laundry & work clothes

Sweden’s largest textile service partner for public healthcare.

Every day, they wash and deliver over 100 tons of workwear and textiles all over the country.

32
MARKET ANALYSIS
PESTLE
This title aims to be a analysis to discover what challenges, hurdles and possibilities the system and the idea has on the macro level.

Political
The ideas that the group discussed early almost always entailed a systematic approach. It is often difficult to do such changes on your own and therefore the ideas
could use some help from political decisions. The ideas circuits around circularity and many political wind are blowing in that direction right now. They want to do
good for sustainability and a lot of voters tend to go towards the electible officials that has such approach. Therefore, there are good possibilities that, if
implemented properly, this filter idea that will be presented later could become a law and that you must have such filter in your washing machine. Like the
katalysator in the car. Also our smaller filter could work as proof of concept so that politicians buy the idea for municipalities to put a similar, but bigger, filter to the
city water net.

Though, there are also wind blowing in the other direction. While the big whole and most of society are working towards a more sustainable vision, there are also
reactionary forces against. The oil industry works against new sources of energy, but that won’t harm the groups idea, rather than the wave of sustainability. There
are also winds blowing when, for example, Trump withdrew from the Paris accord. But it might only be for short time and hopefully most countries will pull back
again.

Economical
The filter solution that the group have been working on would maybe be expensive for dormitory households to buy and rent for their own. If such customer
would want it they would most certainly be very in to the whole aspect of circularity and really have it as hobby. But with awareness spread hopefully some
changes may appear. In industry, the group think that it will be easier. Since, together with the upcycling model, there is money to earn from the system and since
the filter may give a higher standard of living when filtering away dangerous plastics, they should be interested in the idea. For example at TvNo, where the group
made study visit, they were very interested in the idea and would be utmost open to implement it. The economy right now are stable but people are flagging for a
recession to come soon. In Sweden experts talk about different sorts of bubbles but since there is money to earn, in the long run, from our idea it is more likely that
whatever economic challenges that may appear the idea will still be needed and asked for. Also since the customer could be, for example, municipalities if the idea
was extended and made bigger to fit to bigger pipes and help cleaning the water in and out of the city.
33
MARKET ANALYSIS
Social
Since there are a lot of people, especially young, that wants to live their lives sustainable the group hopes that the awareness that it will spread can create a rising
hype and grow to become a thing that people talk about and as of follows also wants to have in their everyday life. If that happens then the idea can work from down
and up and grow to become a big thing.

Technological
Today there is a lot of digitalization and automatization going on. But since the idea of micro plastic filter is so new and no one really know about the situation of it
there is not much going on in that field. Therefore it is a good opportunity to come with a new solution and use a technological solution in the beginning to grow quick
and hopefully people also think it is a cool solution and therefore wants to use it. In the filter some digital functions will be implemented. When water passes the
security pipe a lamp will shine and the system might make some noise for a while, telling you to change the containers and empty them of dust, lint and microplastics.
Big parts of the healthcare sector today already uses tags to keep track of quality today. That is a great opening for the idea of the quality cycle since users are already
taught how IoT works and can easy start to use it.

Legal
Today there are rules around how many times and how often each garment should be used. The group uses that to build the theory of the quality cycle. If in the future
it is obvious that you can use garments longer and so an than maybe information from the quality cycle could be used to nudge legislative politicians to change laws
in favour of sustainability and reusage.

The group see no specific challenges with the idea of the filter. One regulation when it came to security marginal on the tensile strength of the materials in laundry
was used and set to be at least 1,5.

Ecological
In this field the group see only good things since the idea wants to be part of a circular solution. It will be talked about a lot in the document. The solution will regard
having as mono materials as possible and making the filter recyclable after end of lifetime use.

34
CURRENT MATERIAL ANALYSIS
Clothes

● Current Status
○ Global

We focused our research on medical uniforms, narrowed in nursing scrubs and medical coats. The actual market is based on two main
materials, cotton and polyester, usually mixed to reach the properties of the healthcare sector. The most common percentage in the fabric, are
at least 50% polyester in the clothes.

In the last years, the Synthetic fibers had become essential in the textile, we describe them as fibers made by humans by chemical synthesis,
they are made by extruding materials that could fiber-form through spinnerets. The fibers whether if they come from an animal, a plant or
crude oil, are always a pollutant and energy process. Once the fiber is processed until being spurned into a yarn, the fabric is dyed and finally
made into a garment. All these processes happened in different factories in different countries. During the manufacturing process, chemical
compounds are used in the manufacturing process. We differentiate the textiles as natural, man made or synthetic. As we narrow our
research in textiles used in the health-care, the most common are, Cotton as a natural, Polyester as synthetic and Tencel.

35
CURRENT MATERIAL ANALYSIS

-Cotton
Is a natural fiber, is made from yarn spun, is basically grown in India and China, is a rapidly renewable resource and biodegradable, instead of
for its production they are being used large quantities of fertilizers and insecticides, as an intensive farming cause land degradation.

“Growing 1 kilogram of non-organic cotton lint (the raw cotton fiber) uses about 2,120 liters of water from irrigation, according to Textile
Exchange, a not-for-profit group promoting sustainable practices within the industry.”

-Tencel
Is Man-made cellulosics based material, branded lyocell and modal fibers made from raw material wood, It’s used a combination of a wide
range of fibers such as polyester and cotton.
Is made of a renewable resource, so is biodegradable, but it creates highly water waste because of the water retting process, as
highly-polluting air emission and odor, due to the using of catalytic agents.

-Synthetics
As a global overview in the synthetic fibers, the most dominating in the actual market are Polyester, Nylon, Acrylic, and Polyolefin. This
account approximately 98% of the synthetic fiber production volume, with Polyester accounting the 60%.

36
CIRCULARITY IN TEXTILES

Designing for circularity

It starts in the design process. How the garment are designed and produced could help the life of the garment be endless. First of all we want to focusing on all these
clothes that are already in the system, that are ready are produced and that not should be thrown away and end up in a landfill. Because that means that it needs to
be replaced with new clothes that needs to be produced which means new resources. It is important to take care of what already exist but if the company needs to
designing new clothes, from scratch, it is important to secure that the company design it in a way that fits into a circular sistem.
From research, from a interview with Adrian Zelachius from the project Re: Textile and from reading the Re:Textile report reading a report the team has made a model
that could be help full in the design process to make sure the clothes are designed and produced in a way that are as circular as possible.

Here is a modell to look at when designing the work wear for the service sector, to make sure that they can stay in the loop and be used as long as possible and then
enter a new loop.

1. Use the material as efficient as possible

a. Don’t use more material then is necessary
b. Use the material that suits best in the loop (see the material research)
2. Make the design modular
a. Where are the weakest parts in the garments?
b. Make the design general so it’s easy the add things if it’s needed
3. Incremental design
a. Think about how you can add value to the clothes in the cycle
b. Design the garments so value can be added in an easy way.

37
CIRCULARITY IN TEXTILES

Circular textile projects and existing solutions

Re:textile are one of the projects which are focusing on to make textiles and fashion more circular, two other big projects are circular fashion
from Berlin and circle economy from Amsterdam. The team have been reading the reports from these projects, analysed and see how the
outcome from these projects can be implemented in the service sector. Which can be read more about in section…….

One of the most important learnings and conclusions from reading their report is that it is really important with the system perspective and
also to collaborate between different companies and sectors.

A lot of research have been done and a lot of methods and tools have been developed for create more circularity in the fashion industry. The
team have been looking into those solutions and together with our research about the current situation in the health care & service sector we
have developed our quality cycle https://circular.fashion/ (add this in the research part)

38
 TRIPS
AND
INTERVIEWS
39
OVERVIEW

Thanks to Moa, our networking manager we

Interviews Study Trips managed to meet and speak to a lot of
different companies and people throughout
the project. We the spoke with Asa
Sandberg the CEO of Saiboo and discussed
possible directions and ideas for the project
and have kept in contact with Asa
throughout the project. We also conducted
several experts during the project.
Asa Sandberg Maria Bergström
We also arranged several trips during the
project, these trips included travelling to
Norrkoping to visit Philip at Printed
Electronics Area, going to Boras to visit the
Swedish School of Textiles for inspiration
and also going to Osgota Maskintjanst which
Adrian is a washing machine suppliers in Linkoping.
Katarina Re:Textile

40
MEETING - With Åsa Sandberg
Questions:
Start with introducing ourselves and our view of the project
● Ask Åsa to tell us about the company.
● When the clothes are worn out you can put it in a Saiboo recycle bag and
Saiboo can pick it up.
○ How is this working in real life? Are the customers sending the
clothes back?
● Saiboo make new things from the old clothes, mostly home decoration as
pillows and carpets.
○ Are Saiboo selling the old clothes to another company, or who is
recycling the clothes?
● What are the main problems with the clothes? Why are they rejected by
the clients ? ( material, textile, dirty, broken)
● ( In the case they produce in Sweden) Can we visit the factory?
● Do you only sell clothes in Sweden? Have you ever thought of branching
out in terms of country/other clothing sectors.
● Who are your main customers? Is there
● Can we borrow some scrubs?
● Have you thought about services, like renting?
● Business model? How do you afford the pick up service
Notes
They feel not possible to completely re use clothing at the moment
Fibres become short, hard to spin new treads
Try go international
Smells in Polyester, people can't get rid of bacteria
Compare and get calculations of carbon footprints for different materials
Client pays amount of money per week per user.. Change every other
day. They use 5 tops and 3 buttons per person.
They offer both own your own and rent clothing.
What is the the most efficient way for the Saiboo system, look step by
step
Look at what chemicals and energy is used to make and wash clothing
Look at true costs
Workmanship/Produced in Poland
Fabric in Germany
Recycling Bags not so often used, not enough demand for profitable
results
Clothes are picked up but not with bag
Saiboo sell to private.
Cannot wear long sleeves, max to elbow.
New company-buys old company-doesn’t want the logo.
Look into healthcare to prison clothing system
41
INTERVIEW - With Maria Bergström

Summary from the meeting

Most important learnings

● They have a chip in every garment to now who have take
what and to make sure people give it back
● The clothes are very general, not personal
● TvNo big washing place in Norrköping where ALL the
clothes are sent. Contact!
● No logos on the clothes, only TvNo (washing place),
nametag
● No labels and tags about what material it is, we need to
know what material it is!
○ Maria thought it was 100 % cotton
● Problem that everyone has
● Upload photos
● Disposal clothes

Reflection:
Big hospital
Lot of resources, maybe can have 100 % cotton
Saiboos customer are smaller
Maybe we
More colorful clothes → fit good in new sectors
Add something on the clothes, that good be more fun, something
to change if they would like to.

42
INTERVIEW - With Katrina from TvNo
We did a phone interview with Katarina who works at TvNo, which is a big company who takes care of all
the clothes in the health care sector in Östergötland. TvNo do both the production and the washing.
We got a lot of good information and here are the most important points:
TvNo use big washing Pipes (like screws with boxes):
→ Can the filter be implemented there? Go on a field trip
They have four pipes
Use ⅓ chemicals and energy compared to a ordinary washing machine

Wash the clothes in 85 degrees, takes 30 min

Use liquid detergent, and the measure exactly how much detergent that is needed
Prewash, mainwash, rinse

1 ton clothes / hour

TvNo are carbon dioxide neutral
They send clothes to other countries where they don’t have the same strict rules
Nothing recycled only reused.

Materials
Most common garments:
65% Polyester
35 % Cotton
Also products with 50/50

Try get rid of the cotton products because of the high amount of water that is needed.
Want to work more with tencel, they have dresses in tencel.

Buys textiles from 12 different suppliers

43
INTERVIEW - With Adrian Re:Textile

Add value to the clothes

1. Use the material as efficient as possible

a. Don’t use more material then is necessary
b. Use the material that suits best in the loop (see the material research)
2. Make the design modular
a. Where are the weakest parts in the garments?
b. Make the design general so it’s easy the add things if it’s needed
3. Incremental design
a. Think about how you can add value to the clothes in the cycle
b. Design the garments so value can be added in an easy way.

44
 BORÅS TRIP

Re:Textile
Circular Textile
Initiative
How the productions
works in real life, the
true cost
Inspiration
Team Building

45
NORRKOPING TRIP
Printed Electronics Arena
The team held a meeting with Tommy Hoglund who is
the process manager at ‘RISE’. He told us about the
world of printed electronics, sensors and how these
work. We discussed our project ideas and he
provided a lot of very useful feedback. We were also
given a tour of their lab which was a fantastic
inspiration for us, providing a lot of information. We
came away from the trip having a lot more knowledge
of printed electronics then before.

46
NORRKOPING TRIP
Ostgota Maskintjanst
After our to ‘PEA’ we had another meeting organised
with Filip who worked at Ostgota Maskintjanst which
deals with selling and fixing industrial washing
machines and dryers. He provided us with a huge
amount of knowledge about the machines and how
the drainage system works. We came away from this
meeting with a huge amount of ideas about the
microplastics and filtration systems.

47
IDEATION
48
 Re-design

Empathise

Ideate

Prototype

Research

49
Preliminary Specification of Requirements

Don’t lose the value

Close the loop
Help Workers Reuse as much
Easy
material as possible
Reach Sustainable
International
the
properties Use as little material
No more
as possible
expensive
Less
footprint possible

Next step: list of more measurable requirements based on

what track we pivot towards 50
BRAINSTORMING

51
BRAINSTORMING

52
BRAINSTORMING

53
MIND MAPPING
Meet Project What do
State of Art Project Aims Direction
Owner they want

Find Most Rival Background How they

Important Needs Companies work

Interviews Primary
Experts
knowledge

Manufacturing Restrictions?
laws

Scenarios Ideal World Worst Case

Borrow Scrubs Examine Materials Faults

Observations In Hospital

Moodboards
54
SKETCHING

55
SKETCHING

56
SKETCHING

57
Decision Making & Methods
Scenarios Brainstorming Sketching

Trips & Interviews Testing Prototyping

58
 CONCEPT
DEVELOPMENT
59
60
PROBLEM & FUNCTION TREE

61
Solution Overview

MICROPLASTICS TAGS & LOGOS

62
SCENARIOS
Storyboard
The life of the
garment

63
SCENARIOS
Storyboard of
Idea for
Re-design of the
garment

64
REQUIREMENTS
The requirements have been defined following the process of improvement of the solution.

First, the product requirements were defined with functional and quality requirements for a provisional result, focused on the global problems found.

After revising the pre-study report, the team want to defined our requirement specifications focusing on the renting business model, having a filter for
microplastics, also as a specific software system collecting data of the washing and collecting process.

Filter
After visiting Electrolux, the team decided to re-define the specifications the filter has to have. It has to be a collective filter, for the draining system of all the
laundry station (washing and drying), it must be an external device, easy to access, because as it doesn’t have to be cleaned immediately after the use, it has to be
easy for the workers to reach it, when necessary.
It also has to be modular, and easy to repair, so it won't have to be completely replaced, just change the part it’s broken or damage as well as having the possibility
to make it bigger and reduce it, when necessary, the modularity has to be implemented for the necessity of collecting big and small things before the microplastics
filtering, so we will need layers, but without slowing down the water flow.

Tags
After visiting the Printed Electronics Arena- RISE, solutions were narrowed into a system, that could collect data of the garments. The clothing should have a
passive RFID sensor, and it will be scanned to access to the software/ database.
This database should help the company to measure the quality of the garments and develop a system with the actual suppliers and clients, where you can
down-cycle to extend the clothing life.
We also want to implement a logo with a QR-code next to it, that gives access to a webpage, that creates awareness of the microplastics on the oceans, and the
implementation of the filter.

65
REQUIREMENTS
Filter Software (subjective binary, this requirements will be validated by tests with users)
- Modular - User-friendly (easy to use and easy to add data)
- Repairable, time to disassemble the entire filter, not more than 10 min - Graphically, visualized data
- Accessible so you can clean and empty the filter, 30 seconds - Secure (login page)
- Be able to collect dirt that are & microplastics that are 5 mm - 15 micro - Include guidelines for clothing
meter
- Keep a waterflow (normally washing machine uses 65 L per washing)
- Drain water without stop the flow Logo (binary and validated by test)
- Implementable in a wide range of washing places - Create awareness
- External so it could be implemented on existing washing machines - Create curiosity
- Connected to a webpage
Tags (binary requirements) - Related to microplastic, ocean, and to circularity for clothes
- The tag should be able to be washed in 95 degrees - Related to the other parts in the system
- Create awareness & knowledge (yes or no)
- Collect measurable data
- Washing times (quality)
- Life happenings
- Keep consumer data
- Take clothes back and loop it
- Has to be connected to a software

66
AWARENESS
CONCEPT

67
AWARENESS CONCEPT 1
- Create curiosity with Ocean Logo

- Scan QR-code

- Awareness webpage

68
INFORMATION WEB PAGE 1
CONCEPT

SCAN

Our Web page will provide Information about this microplastics issues
through a video will we will have made.

There will also be information the Garments themselves and the

materials the they are made from.

We hope that this will educate people and spread awareness on this
issue.
69
LOGO CONCEPT

Here as some conceptual designs

we had before choosing our final
logo as a group.

We wanted the Logo to give a clear

message as well as making people
curious about what the logo was
about.

We also felt the Logo needed to be

a neat and clean design as it would
be displayed on the garments.

70
LOGO TEST
Questions:
Which logo makes you most curious?
What do you think the logos symbolise?
The Team: We are agreed on logo No.1
Other participants: 7
Comments:
1 and 6 makes me most curious
3, 8, 11 is used already and don’t make me so curious
12, 7 makes me confused
1 is beautiful and I can see that it is about water and the ocean
I like 5 because then you can see the problem and that it is
about clothes
11 makes me most curious
2 is maybe the best for the purpose, easy to see that the
plastic comes from the shirt, clear. Shows that you can make
a different, more motivating.
nr 1 is maybe a little bit sad because you see all the plastic in
the ocean
Logo (binary and validated by test)
- Create awareness
- Create curiosity
- Connected to a webpage
- Related to microplastic, ocean
We decided to go for logo nr 1 because it creates curiosity
and through that can create awareness
People can connect the logos to the ocean, but can not really
see what the small parts inside the waves are, which can
make people curious to know more.
71
CHOSEN LOGO RENDERS

We also felt the need for the logo to

have a strong presence of blue
running through it, as this represents
a clean and healthy ocean.

The Microplastics in the waves

create a chaotic and disturbed look
to the ocean. As well as them being
clustered tightly together as the fill
the ocean.

We feel this represents the story of

the microplastics and the damage
they’re doing to the sea accurately.

72
SENSOR &
DATA SOFTWARE

73
SCENCOR CONCEPT 1
RFID tags are being implemented to collect data about
the garments during the washing period.

This Data will be collected and stored on our ‘Data Store’

Software which is for Saiboo’s system. This data will be
used to determine the lifespan of the clothing

RF-ID
Connected to software

74
Quality Check Software Concept 1

DATE STORE

Records No. of times garment is washed

Has a quality check system for

downcycling the clothing after use

Guidelines for Clothing

Data can be added and recorded easily

by Saiboo

May have a design for needs system

SAIBOO

USERS
75
76
77
FILTER
CONCEPTS

78
FILTER CONCEPT - Problem
Everyday there are microplastics washing into
the ocean after people wash their garment. This
is due to the polyester in our clothing and the
heat at which we wash our clothes.

We want to implement a filter we catches these

microplastics and prevents this ocean waste.

After seeing the current situation and current

drainage system of the collective washing
machines. We found that the current drainage
and filter system is a big problem.

With only one grated filter to catch large items

during the wash, and all of the remaining waste
draining through a large hole in the floor.

79
EXISTING FILTERS

Guppyfriend
The Guppyfriend is a washing bag in which the textiles
are put before washing as usual (Figure 5, All
information from Guppyfriend webpage, Guppyfriend
brochure 2018 or Nolte A. 2018). Compared to ordinary
washing bags the Guppyfriend is made of a material
that does not let microfibres through such that the
microfibres can be removed from inside the bag after
washing. The bag can retain at least 90 % of released
microfibres larger than 50 μm inside, according the
company webpage. In addition to retaining microfibres,
textiles shed less when washed in Guppyfriend due to
less mechanical wear. Customers are asked to return
their Guppyfriend when they wish to discard it, so that
it can be reused and recycled.

80
EXISTING FILTERS
Cora ball
Planet care filter
The Cora Ball is a laundry ball that is put into the washing
The PlanetCare filter is composed of different units in a way that
machine together with the textiles (Figure 5, All information
it can be installed in the drain pump filter (‘add-on filter’) or on
from CoraBall webpage). The Cora Ball has many stalks and
the drain pipe (‘external filter’) of domestic washing
microfibres are caught between them. Recycling is possible,
machines. There is also a solution for industrial washing
and customers are asked to contact Cora Ball when they wish
machines producing larger
to discard it. However, the Cora Ball is durable and should
amounts of laundry water.
last for many years of laundry.Once analyzed the models of
filters and systems to collect microplastics of the water from
the washing machines, we made a brainstorming to begin to
design our concept for the filter for microplastics.

81
EXISTING FILTERS
XFiltra
The XFiltra is designed to remove microplastic fibres from laundry
water with an integrated pump, a dewatering device and a filter
where the microfibres are trapped.

82
FILTER CONCEPT 1
Our initial Concept was a Modular filter made of sheet
metal. This filter consisted of 3 layers. The first layer would
collect the biggest items, the second layer would collect
the lint and the final layer would collect the microplastics.
Each layer is tilted for water drainage. Each layer also is
designed like a drawer to pull out for cleaning.

This design would be designed for several or one washing

machine. Depending on the scale of the filter.

83
 FILTER CONCEPT 1
Tilted Filter Layers 1&2

Water Entry
Point

Drainage
84
FILTER CONCEPT 1 - Rapid Prototyping

85
Concept Development

86
REDESIGNING FILTER
After visiting TvNo and discovering the problems with
the build up of lint and dust in their Filters. We knew
that this would also be a problem in the filter which we
had designed ourselves. We had a team meeting and an
overnight ideation session to rethink the design of the
filter and how to solve this problem

TvNo Filter Build Up

87
REDESIGNING FILTER

Water
Out
Water
In

3 Different Sized
Filters to Collect the
Different Particles

88
REDESIGNING FILTER
RECYCLING SYSTEM
Bring Full Rod to New Empty Rod
Recycle Point Dispensed for User

Empty Scan Phone to Log Into QR Code Scanned by

Full Account & Place Rod Machine for Data
into Machine

89
 Scenario Cross
Situation analysis

90
Scenario Cross
- Description
and Definition

91
TEST & VALIDATION
Filter test, user test
To make sure that the filter will fulfill the Filter-requirements the team have done interviews, observation and test with users. The process
of the design and development of the filter have been an iterative and long process. Starting with ideas and brainstorming session in the
team and after that interview people who work with washing machines. Every time when new information was collected the team had
more discussions to find the best design of the filter. To make sure the solution would be something that the users actually will use the
team made a form and sended out. It was over 50 participants in the test and the results was helpful in the final decision making. Mostly
private users but also people who work with washing machines at the moment. It was people from four different countries.
The test started with a brief explanation of the project and about the filter system and then the participant could answer some questions
connected to the filter. As can be seen in figure……. it shows that the users wants to use it and from the comments people like it because
the issue of helping the environment and the water quality.

92
TEST & VALIDATION

93
TEST & VALIDATION

94
TEST & VALIDATION

95
TEST & VALIDATION

96
TEST & VALIDATION

97
BUSINESS
PLAN
CONCEPT

98
SUPPLIERS AND BUSINESS
NETWORK

99
100
 FINAL
SOLUTION
101
PROBLEM
After deep research of the current situation, the team founded due to the high percentage of polyester in the healthcare garments,
there is a serious issue of Microplastics draining to the ocean when the clothes are washed. Furthermore, the research recognized
the poor awareness of this issue in society.
As a solution, the creation of a filter, where you can collect the microplastics, and the system of collecting, will avoid the current
situation, and also the implementation of a tool like a logo and easy-access information will create awareness of this issue.

The main-function of our currently solutions are the catching of microplastics and to create a system for keeping the clothes in the
loop. That will now be solved by applying a newly designed filter constructed to trap the microplastics. The solution that the group
will apply also has a system point of view where it’s planned to implement a tagging system in clothes to extract value for the
costumer. That is being done while at the same time solving the primarily main-problem of short lifespan of clothes. Clothes is
currently being taken of of the loop system before it is necessary, regarding both quality and salubrity. That is a big waste that the
group wants to solve with there system. With the implementation of tags in the clothes it will be possible to keep track of the amount
of washed that has been conducted.

A renting model is applied so that the customer won’t own the clothes but rent them and after the quality for each field of
implementation has been reached, the company Saiboo can take the clothes back. When clothes has been brought back to Saiboo,
the tag systems will have gathered the data of each garment and the current quality will apparently fit another sector where the
clothes are downcycled, keeping the clothes longer in the loop. Since there are many clothes that contain polymer materials today
and it will take a long time to cycle the out of the system, it was also important to think about the filter. Clothes will always need to be
washed and due to specific regulations they need to be washed in specific degrees and specific amount of times for health reasons.
Therefore, the groups main-function, the filter serves a important issue by preventing the microplastic from getting in to our water
canals and eventually end up in either the sea or our bodies.

102
PROBLEM TREE

103
REQUIREMENTS Repairable

Accessible

Different filter stages

External

Don’t stop the flow

Implementable

Part of the Circular System

104
FILTER
FINAL DESIGN

105
Final Filter Design

590,22 / 295,11
1148.99 / 574,495

230 / 115
106
FINAL
FilterFILTER
DetailsDESIGN Safety Bypass
When the filter is full
and is yet to be cleaned
the bypass kicks in as a
safety feature.

Polypropylene
Can be Recycled at the
end of the Products life
cycle.

Micro Filter Steel Steel 3 Filter

Layer
107
Final Filter Design

108
IMPLEMENTATION BUSINESS MODEL

- RENTAL SYSTEM

- APP

- RENTAL MODEL
- COLLECTING MACHINE
- APP
- SMALLER SIZE

- RENTAL MODEL
- CLEANING INCLUDED up to 71 washing
- APP machines
- NEED A WATER PUMP (1 - 12 MPa max)

109
FINAL FILTER DESIGN

110
3D PRINT MODEL

111
3D PRINT MODEL

112
Dirt Filter

113
 Lint Filter

Microplastic Filter

114
Tap

115
Big Tank

116
Medium Tank Little Tank

117
FILTER CALCULATIONS

Calculations is attached where, it is possible to see how they were used in the thought process on how to design and dimensionate the
filter.

Pressure, Velocity and Force

To make sure that the filter would work with inherent water flows and pressures that could be given, calculations needed to be done. First
one calculation was made on the first container to make sure that it could hold the maximum pressure that the group estimates could be an
outcome from the systems. The thought process takes both industrial and dormitory use in to consideration. Dormitory, where a pressure
pump outputs the water and industrial where the group invent a connection pipe to control the flow and pressure. The formulas that are
used in the calculs are the conservation of energy that narrows to continuity and Bernoulli's equations. All can be seen at the figure below.

One estimation that is made below in the calculations in figure … and can be seen in the picture in figure …. is that the sector area of the pipe
is d and of the container is D- filter d, where filter d is the stop pipe that contains the holes.

A clarification with the explaining picture below is that the water does not enter in to to midst area but enters in the surroundings to later be
pushed through the stop filter and go out from the first container to the next.

If the container becomes full, the water goes back to the safety pipe and make sure that the system does not break apart. It is not included
in the picture below but can be described in the filter description in results.

118
FILTER CALCULATIONS

The calculations in figure … shows how big the pressure will be inside the first container when it is as most. That is when it is full of
lint/dust and water cannot pass through the holes of the inside valve. One big estimation that is made is that it is a ideal liquid of
water that contains inside the container. It is of course not and especially not when it is full. That makes the calculations even more
secure then already estimated. The difference of height of the container and the entering pipe will be so small that it makes the
numbers despreciable in comparison with the incoming pressure. Still the numbers is used in the calculs.

119
FILTER CALCULATIONS
The pressure number is taken from Samsung’s latest washing machine that is said to output a pressure of 1378000 to 7992400 pascal. [ ]
(https://www.samsung.com/hk_en/support/home-appliances/what-range-should-the-water-pressure-be-for-samsung-washing-machine/) The group
therefore calculates with the highest amount of pressure. With the gathering pipe in industry usage this won’t be a problem since, based on how many machines
are connected to the system, it is possible to adjust how much pressure and at what velocity will run out from the connection pipe.

The velocity number that is used is 2 m/s. That number was found as an example. []
(https://products.geappliances.com/appliance/gea-support-search-content?contentId=18682) When the group tested the amount of water coming out of the
laundry machine in Ryd it showed a way smaller amount per second, at about 0,028 m/s. This makes it possible to connect many machines to the system. With a
connection pipe it is possible to make sure to get the flow and pressure in to the filter system at the right value. With our calculation on 2 m/s and our calculated it
should be possible to have 71 machines going in to the filter, with regards to the flow.

120
FILTER CALCULATIONS
Tensile material strength
After the calculation where a force is outputted it is time to check and choose the material. In the figure below the group uses the formula (σ
= F/A, A=t*L) and derives a tensile maximum strength that the material needs to withstand. After that a security coefficient is applied on 1,5
to make sure to follow industrial standards. For the application the group used PP with high density, which also is a material that is
environmentally friendly and recyclable.

4
With the calculations on materials tensile strength and
F (from pressure) 30765,35744 N the water flow, new calculations showed that that the
A (Cylinder ground) 0,003848451 m^2 maximum pressure that the filter currently can withstand
is 12 Mpa, where the security tensile strength will be 34
t (c-thickness) 0,005 m MN/m^2.
L (c-Length) 0,4 m

σ, cylinder 15382678,72 N/m^2 15,38267872 MN/m^2

Security coefficient C 1,5
σ, with security C 23074018,08 23,07401808 Mpa

High density Polypropylene 32 - 42 Mpa

121
FILTER CALCULATIONS
Usage before change
This explains an estimation on how many times the users can use the filter
per machine attached. One time equals one machine connected. In figure …
it is possible to see a cookie of substances derived from one wash. Based
on that test the estimation of how many times the filter can be used before
becoming full will be done.
Based on the sector area in figure …. it is estimated that the filter can
take 800 washes per washing machine in usage. That means that
with a system of 10 machines the filter can take 80 washes before it
needs to be changed.
Notice that the number 800 is approximately and can be
dramatically different based on how dirty the laundry is.
122
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Material properties
The chemical equation for polypropylene is (C3H6)n. PP is a tough, rigid, crystalline thermoplastic produced from propylene monomer. It is the cheapest plastic for
the industry.
PP is one of the top 3 most used polymers today.It has the lowest density of all plastics.
Polypropylene has applications, both as a plastic and as fibre, in:
· Automotive industry
· Industrial Applications
· Costumer goods
· Furniture market

Different Types of Polypropylene

Homopolymers and Copolymers are the two categories of polypropylene:

· Propylene Homopolymer is the most common type utilized for general purposes. It contains propylene monomer in a semi-crystalline solid form.

· Polypropylene copolymer family is further divided into random copolymers and block copolymers produced by polymerization of propene and ethane:

1. Propylene Copolymer is produced by polymerizing ethene and propene.. These polymers are flexible and optically clear making them suitable of
applications requiring transparency and for products requiring an excellent appearance.

2. Propylene Block Copolymer, ethene content is larger (between 5 and 15%). It has co-monomer units arranged in regular blocks). The regular pattern
hence makes thermoplastic tougher and less brittle than the random co-polymer. These polymers are suitable for applications requiring high strength,
such as industrial usages.
123
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Polypropylene, Impact Copolymer – Propylene Homopolymer containing a co-mixed Propylene Random Copolymer phase which has an ethylene content of
45-65% is referred to PP impact copolymer. It is useful in parts which require good impact resistance. Impact copolymers are mainly used in packaging, houseware,
film, and pipe applications, as well as in the automotive and electrical segments.

Properties of Polypropylene
Keeping information about the properties of a thermoplastic beforehand is always beneficial. This helps in selecting the right thermoplastic for a particular
application. It also assists in evaluating if the end use requirement would be fulfilled or not. Here are some key properties and benefits of polypropylene:
1. Melting Point of Polypropylene - The melting point of polypropylene occurs at a range.
· Homopolymer: 160 – 165ºC
· Copolymer: 135 – 159ºC
2. Density of Polypropylene - PP is one of the lightest polymer among all commodity plastics. This feature which makes it suitable option for
lightweight\weight saving applications.
· Homopolymer: 0.904 – 0.908
· Random Copolymer: 0.904 – 0.908
· Impact Copolymer: 0.898 – 0.900
3. Polypropylene Chemical Resistance
· Excellent resistance to diluted and concentrated acids, alcohols and bases
· Good resistance to aldehydes, esters, aliphatic hydrocarbons, ketones
· Limited resistance to aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons and oxidizing agents
4. Flammability: Polypropylene is a high flammable material
5. PP retains mechanical and electrical properties at elevated temperatures, in humid conditions and when submerged in water. It is a water-repellent
plastic.
6. PP has a good resistance to environmental stress cracking
7. It exhibits a good resistance to steam sterilization

124
MATERIAL PROPERTIES

125
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Disadvantages of polypropylene
· Poor resistance to UV, impact and scratches
· Embrittles below -20ºC
· Low upper service temperature, 90-120ºC
· Attacked by highly oxidizing acids, swell rapidly in chlorinated solvents and aromatics
· Poor paint adhesion

Manufacturing
Polypropylene is a very suitable plastic for injection molding and is always available for this purpose in little pellets. Polypropylene is easy to mold because its
semi-crystalline, and it flows very well because of its low melt viscosity. This property boosts the rate at which you can fill up a mold with the material. Shrinkage in
polypropylene is about 1-2% but can differ based on a number of factors, including holding pressure, holding time, melt temperature, mold wall thickness, mold
temperature, and the percentage and type of additives.

Injection Molding
Polypropylene can be molded in standard screw molding machine. Although pre-drying is not necessary under normal conditions, it may be required for filled
resins. Cylinder temperature and injection pressure are the two most important variables available to the molder.

126
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Cylinder temperature
Best temperatures for molding PP are ranging from 400- 570°F. Cylinder temperatures should be 25-50°F higher than the minimum temperature required to fill the part, but not
over 570°F. In most cases, molding temperatures will be in the 400-525°F range. A cylinder temperature profile is recommended with the hopper or feed section being 30-50°F
lower than the nozzle. When greater mixing is required, a bell-shaped temperature profile may be used where feed and front temperatures are lower than the center zone.
Improper cylinder temperatures can cause a variety of problems. Too high of a temperature can cause problems with flashing and burning and with shrink phenomena such as
sinking, warpage, shrinkage, and void formation. There is usually an optimum temperature above or below which shrinkage or warpage increase. Brittle parts also can be caused
by either too high or too low of a temperature. Too low of a temperature can promote flow marks, weld lines, poor surfaces, lamination, and short shots.

Injection pressure
The proper injection pressure depends largely on part size and configuration. Pressures usually range from 1,000 to 1,500 psi. Best results are obtained at higher pressures, up to
about 75% of the press capacity. Pressures should be high enough to fill the part and to avoid problems with shrinkage, voids, sinks, and pigment dispersion. Too much pressure
can cause parts to flash, burn, and stick in the mold.

Injection time
Injection time should take up a good portion of the overall cycle. Injection time plays a relatively minor role in controlling warpage as compared to its major role in the control of
shrinkage.

Mold temperature
Mold temperatures usually range from 60- 150°F. Temperatures should be high enough to produce good part surfaces and to avoid flow marks, weld lines, lamination, brittle parts,
voids, short shots, and core sticking. Temperatures should not be so high however, that shrinkage, warpage, sinking, and cavity sticking become problems. Cooling the mold should
be uniform unless differential cooling is needed to reduce part warpage.
Cure time Allow sufficient cure time to cool the part before removing it from the mold, preferably to about 130°F. Shortening the cure time increases warpage. Sinking and
shrinkage also increase if the cure time is shortened.

Mold release
Mold release agents should not be necessary due to the excellent release characteristics of polypropylene. Sticking problems that cannot be resolved by molding conditions can
generally be corrected by mold changes. These changes are less expensive than the loss of decorating ability and cycle time and the high mold maintenance associated with mold
release applications.
127
 Recycling System - Domestic

FULL
Micro plastics reused
for other products

Drop Full Filter to

Recycling Machine
Once the filters are full, our system has collection
points where the user, once identified with the
NEW
application, must deposit the deposit full and return
a vacuum that must be reassembled in the filter .

128
APPLICATION

The application we have created consists of the loading

screen and the Login and register screen.
Once the user has been identified, we have a selection
screen, where the user has to choose between the
recollecting screen or information about the filter and
awareness.
The recollecting part of the App consists of a QR code to
identify the user to the collection point and a meter that
informs us of how much garbage we carry recycled.
The awareness page, contains a video and information to
raise awareness and change the users' mindset,
instructions on the filter and a GPS system to find collection
points.

129
AWARENESS
FINAL DESIGN

130
AWARENESS
Awareness-website
Connected to the logo there will be an QR-code that could be scanned by the user. The QR-code will lead to a webpage where the user can read more about
microplastic and get more awareness about the problem. Through storytelling the user will be more motivated and also more aware by watching a short movie on
the webpage that the team have created.
The user will also get information about the new system that the logo are connected to, to keep the garment in the loop as long as possible by sending it back to
Saiboo instead of throw it away. This will creates more motivation for the user and also change the behavior.
Link to the webpage:

Nudging
It is all about people and people behaviors, how can we make people do more sustainable behaviors through design. A deep research about nudging can be readed
about in a separate report from two of the authors (which will be published May 2019)

131
OCEAN LOGO

132
AWARENESS LOGO
We Designed the logo to nudge people to gain more
knowledge about the microplastics issue.

Next to the logo we have implemented a QR Code for each

garment. This Qr Code when scanned will bring you to our
information Webpage

133
INFORMATION WEBPAGE

SCAN

Our Web page will provide Information about this microplastics issues
through a video will we will have made.

There will also be information the Garments themselves and the

materials the they are made from.

We hope that this will educate people and spread awareness on this
issue.
134
QUALITY CYCLE
FINAL DESIGN

135
Quality Cycle
To make sure that the clothes will last as long as possible and secure that nothing goes to waste the team have created a system called
Quality Cycle. The Quality Cycle includes to implement tags in the clothes that can collect data during the garments life and then be
scanned into a software, that the team have developed. This will be explained is this section.

From the research and interview at the hospital and at TvNo the team got information about that there are a lot of solution that already
exist that suits perfekt in the Quality Cycle. The team wants to implement some of this solutions in a new way to create this quality
system and to create circular textiles in the service sector. As you can see on page …. State of the art there are already tags implemented
in all the clothes for the public healthcare sector in the Östgötaland Region, Sweden.

Overview map

The system of the quality Cycle are explained in figure.. As can bee seen in
the figure clothes that can’t be used anymore will be put in a box that
Saiboo can pick up. From the interview with Åsa Sandberg (CO of Saiboo)
the team got information about that Saiboo are having a solution for the
pick up service and that it works good at the moment.

136
Quality Cycle
Login Page
Data Page
Provide info such as garment
no, company, status, no. of
Home Page washes, current location and
if it has been viewed for
repairs

Data Page

History Tab
Data Tab
Repair Tab
137
Quality Cycle

138
139
Quality Cycle

Pick up Service
Put the old clothes in a Saiboo bag which are made from old textiles.

Software
Login page. When the company get the clothes that are being sent back they scan it so it appears in the software,
Add Killy pictures here

Tags
The tags will be Implement the tag and the Logo at the same time to the garments. Behind the ocean logo the tag can be implemented. The tag is a RF-ID chip
6 SEK / chip. can be washed up to 200 times.
Where to go after use? Recycle the tags?
Material and why?
Easy to track where the clothes are and who have it at the moment. Track it to secure that nothing being thrown away.

System
The whole Quality Cycle system with the tags and the software makes the company sustainable in the whole supply circle and value circle, makes it possible to
measure the impact and to track the clothes and to don’t lose value.
A system that can be used by other companies to?

140
Quality Cycle
Repair & Redesign
To make redesign possible you need a input of clothes that needs to be redesigned, those input flows are textiles from customers who can’t use these garments in the same
way anymore. It could be clothes that has a hole or a stain, clothes from customers who have a new logo, clothes they don’t need anymore or clothes that has been worn
out and doesn't look as good as them want them to look.

There needs to be a buyer on the other side, there needs to be a customer who wants the clothes that have been redesigned that’s why it is important that the company
have customers in different sectors.

If the clothes can be repaired, they could be sent back to the same customer and this is the best way. To repair as much as possible, but if not that works, redesign and
upcycle. Adding value to the clothes.

There are different ways of doing the redesign

- Refurbishment
- Make the clothes fresh again, refresh it.
- Wash it and fix it, easy fix

- In between segment
- Upgrade
- Remake but still the same garment
- Color it in a new way, add something new on it by sewing.
- Make it efficient and cost efficient for the company, creates new value for the company. New way of income.
- Use existing techniques.

- Rereview
- Make the construction in a new way
- Could be more complicated
- Artistic and a new way of design.
141
Summary

142
What Makes the Project Circular

143
POSTERS

144
145
146
147
 LEARNINGS
EVALUATION
148
Working in a international team
Language
Having Swedish, Irish and Catalan students, English was the most common language used throughout the project. For the most part everything
flowed perfectly throughout the process. On the rare occasion there might be a language breakdown when trying to explain more technical part of
the project. Lucky this could be explained through sketches and other methods and was not a problem during the project.

Different background, program, cultures and knowledge

Having a group which was so mixed in both culture and educational background made for a more interesting and challenging project. The group
consisted of Product Developers, Product Designers and Engineers. It was a great experience to work with people from different courses rather
than people for the same background. All of the team members brought their own skills and knowledge to the project which added to the final
outcome of the project. Seeing how the different team members approached the work was also very eye opening. We hope this will be a great
experience for working with people in Industry.

Better understanding about circular economy

Walking away from this internship, we feel we have all gained a much better understanding about circular economy and circular design.
Challenging ourselves to learn more about circularity was one of the main reasons which we choose to do this internship. As we move forward as
designers and as people we hope to take this knowledge into our future designers and behaviours.

LESSON
LEARNED 149
How it can be implemented in design, key to have that knowledge
Bringing what we have learned into our future designs and studies, we can implement the circular knowledge which we have picked up
through researching, manufacturing, and producing ideas which have a core circular idea of thinking. Looking at how you can design in the
most efficient and effect way possible for all parties involved. Having the knowledge of circular design and economy can push you to look into
more sustainable ways of thinking.

Challenged our personal development

Coming back to working into an international team, working with different cultures and people with different backgrounds has most definitely
developed us as people and as designers. Learning from each other and well as taking a huge amount away from the project itself.

Working directly with stakeholders and clients

Having the opportunity to work with different stakeholders and clients throughout the project has been a great experience for us as students.
Getting a taste of what it is like to work with a company, in our case Saiboo. This was one of the first times some of us had worked in
conjunction with a company. We developed contacts with several stakeholders during the process and through discussions these helped to
shape the project in different ways and Our project was quite open which was great for us to be able to explore different roots we could take
with the subject matter, but maybe this was not what is to be expected when dealing with real clients with requirements and briefs. Overall
though this was an experience to be able to work with these stakeholders.

LESSON
LEARNED 150
LET'S MAKE A CRYSTAL CLEAR OCEAN
151
 Co-funded by the
Erasmus+ Programme
of the European Union