PMSG for better dynamic stability for better windfarm structuring
Srinivasa Acharya1, D. Vijaya Kumar2
Assistant Professor1, Professor2
Aditya institute of Technology and Management, Tekkali1,2
ABSTRACT: The STATCOM controller
plays an key part in this. an approach to
frequency domain based on a linearized
system model using Eigen value techniques
and a time-domain scheme based on a
nonlinear system model subject to various
disturbances are both employed to simulate
the effectiveness of the proposed control
strategy. It is evident from the simulation
results. that the proposed STATCOM joined
with the designed damping controller is very
effective to Balance the studied system
under disturbing circumstances The AC bus
system's planned design can easily control
the voltage fluctuations.
An Comparable Doubly fed Induction
Generator is used here to operate the Off
shore wind farm while an equivalent
Permanent magnet Synchronous Generator
is used to operate the marine existing farm.
A comparable is determined using the
PMSG as a guide. Marine current turbine
and the DFIG is used to guide for an
equivalent a windmill. In order to create a
damping controller for this proposed scheme
model control theory is used here for getting
the effective characteristics.
This paper discusses the growth of a Mat
lab-simulink model of a new proposed
scheme for grid connected off shore wind
farm (OWF) and marine current farm (MCF)
on a STATCOM. This simulation model's
goal is to getting better damping
enhancement and voltage regulation.
Keywords: Dynamic stability, double-fed
Induction, and PMSG Generator, marine-
current farm, offshore wind farm, FACTS
Controllers, Eigen values.
I.INTRODUCTION
Powered by a marine-current turbine (MCT)
combined with offshore generators driven
by wind turbine (WT) will become a novel
scheme for energy production going
forward. as seas make up more than 70% of
the surface a hybrid power production
system that includes a both offshore wind
farm (OWF) and marine-current farm
(MCF) can be extensively developed at the
specific locations of the world going
forward. One of the basic procedures for
managing an OWF is to connect the output
terminals of several DFIGs together and
then connect to a power grid through an
offshore step-up transformer and submarine
cables operating an MCF may employ
numerous synchronous permanent magnet
generators. (PMSGs) connected to the power
grid directly using undersea cables and an
offshore step-up transformer.
During the last decades, Wind Energy
Conversion System (WECS) has grown
dramatically. VSWTs, or variable-speed
wind turbines, are considerable interest It is
among the best options available globally
potential to reduce Cost of wind energy.
Typically, the VSWT systems are based on
double fed induction generators (DFIGs) or
permanent magnet synchronous generators
(PMSGs) (PMSGs). Basically, a wind farm
is made up of numerous wind turbines that
are connected with each other to produce
small amount of electrical power that
becomes powerful after connecting with the
converter. areas where there are numerous
winds turbines for the sake of power
generation from wind and are connected
with each other in the different way is
known as a wind farm. Basically, a wind
farm is made up of numerous wind turbines
that are connected with each other to
produce small amount of electric power.
Different strategies are used to build the
wind farms in different areas or places.
This paper is arranged as follows. both the
setup and the models used for the studied
integrated OWF and MCF with STATCOM
are firstly introduced[1]. the design process
and design outcomes for the PID damping
controller of the proposed STATCOM using
pole-placement technique are portrayed. The
steady-state operating points are both below
various wind speeds and marine-current
speeds and the comparative dynamic
responses of the studied system with the
designed PID damping controller under
Here, complex adjustments for various
operating situations can be made.
Fig. 1. The integrated OWF and MCF's
composition with STATCOM
Finally, Figure 1, shows the structure of the
studied integrated DFIG based OWF and
PMSG based MCF with the suggested
STATCOM The huge equivalent represents
the 80MW OWF. aggregated DFIG driven
by an equivalent aggregated variable speed
WT through an equivalent a combined
gearbox. A substantial equivalency is used
to symbolise the 40MW MCF. aggregated
PMSG driven by an equivalent aggregated
variable speed MCT through an equivalent a
combined gearbox. The STATCOM, the
OWF, the MCF, and a local load are
connected to an AC bus that is fed to the
onshore power grid through an offshore
step-up transformer and cables subaqueous
[9]. The mathematical simulations of the
studied system are described as below.
A. DOUBLE FED INDUCTION
GENERATOR (DFIG):
DFIG is an abbreviation for Double Fed A
common generating principle in wind
energy is the induction generator. turbines.
wind generators. It is based on a generator
with induction that a multiphase wound
rotor and a multiphase slip ring assembly
with brushes for access to the windings on a
rotor. There is a way to prevent the
multiphase slide. assemblage of rings,
although there problems with efficiency,
Size and price. A brushless wound-rotor is a
superior substitute. doubly-fed electric
machine. Figure 2 indicates the doubly fed
induction engine model. DFIG has many
benefits and is well-known. used in large
capacity wind turbines in recent years.
Fig.2. Doubly Fed induction generator
model
B. PERMANENT MAGNET
SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE:
An AC rotating machine is a synchronous
machine. Its velocity, in a steady state, is
proportional to the frequency of the current
in its mechanism. The PMSM Cylindrical is
depicted in Figure 3. rotor and Salient
Rotor-shaped buildings The armature's
generated magnetic field currents rotates at
the same speed as that created by the field
current a rotor that is revolving at
synchronous speed, which causes a
consistent torque. Synchronous machines
are commonly used as generators especially
for large power systems, including
hydroelectric and turbine generators
generators in the grid power source due to
the proportionality of the rotor speed to the
frequency Synchronous motors can be
utilised in circumstances where constant
speed driving is necessary. Given that a
reactive power generator produces
synchronous machine can be adjusted by
controlling the magnitude of the rotor field
current with no load synchronous machines
are also often installed in power systems
solely for power factor rectification A
typical synchronous motor's armature
winding machine [3] is almost invariably on
the stator and is usually a three step winding
Typically, the field winding is on a rotor and
excited via permanent magnets or dc
current. The power supply is DC. required
for excitation usually is supplied through a
dc generator called an exciter, this device is
frequently installed on the same shaft as the
synchronous.
Fig.3. Cylindrical rotor and Salient rotor
structures
C. Detailed Modelling of PMSM:
Detailed modelling of PM motor drive
system is required for proper simulation of
the apparatus. The d-q model was created
using rotor reference frame seen in Figure 4.
The rotor's d-axis is rotating at time t. makes
and angle with the fixed stator phase axis
and rotating stator mmf makes an angle ±
with the d-axis of the rotor Stator mmf
rotates at a similar rate to [13] that of the
rotor.
Figure.4 shows how the d-q model was
created using the rotor reference frame.
III.PITCH ANGLE CONTROL
When V w is lower than the rated wind
speed of w = 00 in WT (VWrated). The
Pitch-angle increases when V W >VWrated.
Control System of the WT activates and the
pitch angle of the WT (β w) gets bigger. The
design of the control system that generates
the pitch angle reference is shown in Figure
5. A nonlinear controller makes up the pitch
controller. feed forward path, which
generates β and a linear feedback pathway
that results in [6].
A STATCOM is a controlled source of
reactive power. By producing, it supports
the voltage. or absorbing reactive power at
the point of common coupling without the
need of large external reactors or bank of
capacitors. utilising the coupler, the VSC,
and the controller transformer, The
operation of the STATCOM is demonstrated
in the coupling transformer. Figure 8. The
STATCOM one-line graphic that was under
study was seen in Figure 8. The q-axis and -
axis output voltages per unit of STATCOM
can be expressed by and [7], respectively.

VII. MODAL CONTROL THEORY-

BASED PID DAMPING CONTROLLER
DESIGN FOR STATCOM
This section presents a unified approach
based on modal control theory to design the
PID damping controller of the proposed
STATCOM seen in Figure 7. Improvement
of the dynamic stability of the analysed
system. The derived nonlinear system
equations in Section II are first linearized
around a nominal operating point to obtain a
set of matrix-based linearized system
equations from [18].

This section presents the steady-state

operating condition results of the studied
system when vW is increased from 4 to 24
m/s while VMR is increased between 1 and
4 m/s. The three-dimensional charts for the
calculated steady-state operating conditions
of the studied system under the selected
values as well as VMR. the operating
conditions in steady state.
In this section, to show the principle of
power control of PMSG-based variable-
speed wind turbine It is regulated and
connected to the grid in order to capture the
maximum wind energy and its behavior
subjected to a variable speed wind will be
illustrated using numerical simulations
carried under the SIMULINK in Matlab.
The damping properties played a part. by the
proposed STATCOM joined with the
designed PID damping controller to getting
better dynamic stability improvement of the
studied system.

Fig.6. Various output performance curves
It is clear from the simulation results listed
above that that:
1) It can be seen from the dynamic response
of The proposed STATCOM with the
intended Vbus depicted in Fig. PID damping
controller can effectively maintain the AC
bus voltage at roughly 1.0 pu by correctly
tuning the STATCOM's reactive power
output in terms of quantity delivered to the
AC bus.
2) The projected STATCOM collaborating
with the designed PID damping controller
can offer adequate damping characteristics
to the studied system, the oscillations of P
mr , Wrmr , V MR , The smallest amplitudes
of the three curves are caused by the Vbus
caused by the random noise wind speed
disturbance.
3) The amplitudes of the active power
delivered to the Power grid (P grid ) Fig.
10(e), along with the active Power produced
by the SCIG of the MCF Fig.6(c) can be
lowered somewhat and the absorbed reactive
Power from the power grid (Q grid )
dropped when the STATCOM joined, as
illustrated in Fig. with the PID Controller is
included in the studied system.
The generated active power of the DFIG PW
is illustrated in Figure.4; the d-q model was
established on the basis of rotor reference.
6(a) is not affected by the addition of the
STATCOM with the PID controller.
CONCLUSION
The study has been the primary emphasis of
this publication. and management of a
direct-driven PMSG utilised in a grid-
connected variable speed wind generation
system. This wind system was modelled
using d-q rotor reference frame and is
interfaced with the power system through an
inverter and a filter modelled in the power
system reference point The dynamic
stability was presented in this study.
improvement of an integrated OWF and
MCF a STATCOM is used. a damping PID
created a controller specifically for the
STATCOM. utilising a unified strategy
based on the pole-assignment method
Eigen value calculations and time domain
simulations of the studied system subject to
a noise a change in the speed of the marine
current, the wind, a three-phase short circuit
fault at and a speed anomaly the grid have
been systematically performed to
demonstrate the effectiveness of the
proposed STATCOM joined with the
Designed PID damping controller on
suppressing voltage volatility of the system
under study and increased dynamic stability
of the system under various operating
circumstances. The simulation results show
that the suggested STATCOM combined
with the planned PID. conditions. The
simulation results show that the suggested
STATCOM combined with the planned PID.
The damping controller can enhance the
performance of the studied integrated OWF
and MCF under different operating
conditions.
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 Srinivasa Acharya received
the B.Tech Degree in
Electrical & Electronics
Engineering from Aditya
Institute of Technology &
Management, Tekkali,
Srikakulam India in 2011,
M.Tech Degree in Power Electronics and
Electrical drives from Aditya Institute of
Technology & Management, Tekkali,
Srikakulam India in 2013 and he received
Ph.D from Annamalai University in 2022,
Chidambaram. He is currently working as an
Assistant Professor with the Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering from
Aditya Institute of Technology &
Management, Tekkali, Srikakulam India.
His research interests include power
systems, Power Quality, Power Electronics,
Network analysis.

D.Vijaya Kumar received

his degree in B.E from
GITAM University,
Visakhapatnam, M.E From
AU College of
Engineering, Andhra
University, Visakhapatnam
and he received Ph.D from AU College of
Engineering, Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam. He had Teaching
Experience of 17 years. He had published
many papers in different Journals and
Conferences. His area of Interests includes
Power Systems and Control Systems.