Tutorial 4

MSE walls

(1) A reinforced earth retaining wall is to be 10-m-high. Here,

(2)

Ground Improvement
(3) A half-closed clay layer is 8 m thick and it can be assumed that cv = ch. Vertical sand drains 300
mm in diameter, spaced at 3 m centres in a square pattern, are to be used to increase the rate of
consolidation of the clay under the increased vertical stress due to the construction of an embankment.
Without sand drains, the degree of consolidation at the time the embankment is due to come into use
has been calculated as 25%. What degree of consolidation would be reached with the sand drains at
the same time?
(4) A layer of saturated clay is 10 m thick, the lower boundary being impermeable; an embankment is
to be constructed above the clay. Determine the time required for 90% consolidation of the clay layer.
If 300-mm diameter sand drains at 4 m centres in a square pattern were installed in the clay, in what
time would the same overall degree of consolidation be reached? The coefficients of consolidation in
the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively, are 9.6 and 14.0 m2/year.
Tutorial 4

(5) Briefly explain the use of Cement stabilisation and lime stabilisation as methods of ground
improvement with regards to the methods of implementation, mechanism of improvement and
limitations in application.
(6)