Basic of Heavy

Equipment
Management
Construction Sector

Di Siapkan oleh : Waldiman.ST

From : UT School
Projec Heavy Equipment
Management t
Road construction.
Drainage construction.
The quarry.
Dam construction.
Piping construction.
Tadano crane construction project.
Load and force analysis.
Material characteristic.
Pereodical maintenance
Teknik opration and aplocation.
Estimasion cost production.
Road Construction
Road Components
Daerah Milik Jalan - DAMIJA
Daerah Manfaat Jalan - DAMAJA
Ambang Selokan Bahu Jalan Jalur Lalu Lintas Bahu Jalan Talud

Road Classification
Fungsi Jalan ARTERI KOLEKTOR LOKAL
Kelas Jalan I II IIIA IIIB IIIC
Muatan Sumbu
> 10 10 8 Tidak ditemukan
Terberat (ton)
Tipe Medan D B G D B G D B G

Kemiringan Medan, (%) <3 3 - 25 > 25 <3 3 - 25 > 25 <3 3 - 25 > 25

Source: PP No. 26/1985 ttg. Jalan Nasional, Jalan Propinsi, Jalan Kabupaten/Kotamadya, Jalan Desa dan Jalan Khusus
Note: D : Datar; B : Perbukitan; G: Pegunungan
Road Construction
Pavement Structure & Design

Stress in a Typical pavement cross

Pavement structure components:
pavement from 1. Foundation layer
sections
wheel loads Comprised of the sub-grade and, in some cases, the sub-base
• Base layer
Main structural element of the design and can consist of several layers. It
can consist of compacted high-grade aggregate, lean consrete, portland
cement concrete or dense graded asphalt.
• Surface layer
Ensures adequate skid resistance, provides a smooth riding surface, and acts
Load spreading effect on as a protective layer for the underlying materials
sub-grade
Road Construction
Curve Design
Road Construction
Superelevation
Is tilting the roadway to help offset centripetal forces
developed as the vehicle goes around a curve. Along
with friction they are what keeps a vehicle from going
off the road

Recommended superelevation rates, %

Radius of Speed of vehicle, km/hr

curve (m) 16 24 32 40 48 56 & above

15 4,0 4,0
30 4,0 4,0 4,0
46 4,0 4,0 4,0 5,0
76 4,0 4,0 4,0 4,0 6,0
91 4,0 4,0 4,0 4,0 5,0 6,0
183 4,0 4,0 4,0 4,0 4,0 5,0
305 4,0 4,0 4,0 4,0 4,0 4,0
Source: Design of Surface Mine Haulage Road - A Manual
Berau of Mines, United States of America,
Road Construction
Heavy Equipment Basic Application

Stripping Top Soil

Bulldozer
Quarry Loading
Excavator
Cut and Fill
Bulldozer, excavator, truck
Hauling
Truck
Leveling Grading
Motor Grader
Spreading / Leveling
Compacting Bulldozer / Grader
Compactor
Compacting
Y Compactor
Pavement ?
Paving
T Asphalt Mixing Plant, Concrete Mixer Truck

Road Maintenance
Road Construction
Heavy Equipment Basic Application

Dozing Application Compacting

Cut & Fill Application Leveling - Grading

Loading at borrow-pit/quarry
Drainage Construction
Heavy Equipment Basic Application

Drainage system is a (open/closed) canal network that build to

drain water towards main outlet

Culvert Construction Ditch construction/ Geo-textile application at

Earth Moving - Excavating
maintenance slope construction
The Quarry
Usage
Quarry Loading
Heavy Equipment Basic Application
Application:

Borrow-pit for gravel pavement

(road construction)
Limestone quarry for portland
cement mill

(Details at Mining Sector

Application study)

Borrow-pit
Dam Construction
Heavy Equipment Basic Application

Access road Diversion

Cofferdam Main dam Spill way
construction channel

Cofferdam
Rip rop or brush
Water Level
Drainage Earth Fi ll
Ditch

Rip rop
Water Level

Rock Fill

Main dam
Zone Inti Kedap Air

Zone Lulus
Zone Lulus Air Air

Lesotho Highland Water Project (Africa)

Zone Transisi
Dam Construction
Heavy Equipment Basic Application

Aceh Reconstruction Work for Beach Protection

Dam demolition
Piping Construction
Heavy Equipment Basic Application

Earth filling Pipe installation

 Road Construction & Maintenance

Land Clearing Cut and fill

Spreading

Grading
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Compacting Dust Suppression
Supporting Machine sangat
berpengaruh dengan kuwalitas jalan

Slope Maintenance

Ditching
- Pembuatan parit untuk drainage,
kolam,Dump, dll 18
Load and force
analysis

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Analisa Beban & Tenaga
• Tahanan Gali (Digging Resistance)
• Tahanan yang dialami saat menggali
• Gesekan dgn tanah dan kekerasan tanah
• Tahanan Gelinding (Rolling
Resistance)
• Gaya luar yg melawan arah kendaraan di
permukaan tanah
• Permukaan jalan umum
• Tahanan Kemiringan (Grade
Resistance)
• Gaya berat di jalan miring yg melawan /
membantu gerak kendaraan
• Koefisien Traksi
• Faktor yg menunjukkan berapa banyak
bagian kendaraan pada ban/track untuk
menarik laju kendaraan
• Tractive Effort
• Kekuatan tarik mesin yg diberikan kepada
roda yg menyentuh permukaan jalan
• Altitude
• Ketinggian area kerja yg mempengaruhi
kerja mesin
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Daya Dukung Material

Daya tekan Alat / Ground Pressure

Daya dukung tanah / Bearing Capacity

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