Niño O’ Neal T.

Ocaya

BSCE – 1C

1. Considering the propagandists and intelligentsia did not aim for independence but

reforms and assimilation, what then is their contribution to the development of

nationalism?

The propagandist and intelligentsia played a vital role in the development of

nationalism. First, the execution of Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto

Zamora helped to inspire the peaceful campaign organization called propaganda

movement. The members of the organization are called propagandists. Their goals are to

have equality of Filipinos and Spanish before laws, filipinization of the Philippines

parishes and expulsion friars and lastly recognition of human rights for Filipinos. But the

propaganda movement did not succeed because the colonial government did not agree to

any of its demands. The other reasons of the failure of the propaganda movement was the

lack of financial support and the leadership crisis. Even though it was not successful, it

helped the Filipinos to have a new phase of political and social awareness. That is why

Andres Bonifacio founded Katipunan and led the revolution to help the country get the

freedom from the Spaniards.

2. What are their roles in the development of nationalism?

Pedro Paterno –He studied Philosophy and Theology and Graduated with an expertise in

law at Central University of Madrid. He was dubbed as the “Greatest Balimbing” in

History because he was first on the Spanish side, then when the declaration of
independence was made, he wormed his way to power and became the president in

Malolos Congress in 1899 then sensing the change in political winds he became a

member of the First Philippine Assembly. Despite all of the negative ambition of his, he

has a great contribution to the country. He was the mediator in the Pact of Biak-na-Bato

that leads to peace agreement between the Spaniards and Filipinos. Even though the

agreement did not last long, it helps Gen. Aguinaldo the opportunity to buy firearms and

ammunition for the surprise uprising to the Spaniards. Without the Pact, there will be no

ceasefire from both camps that can lead to violence that time.

Gregorio Sanciano – He was the first economist in the country because of his work. He

is also the uncle of Epifanio De los Santos. After the execution of GomBurZa he was sent

to Spain to continue his studies. He wrote the El Progreso de Filipinas. He analyzed the

economic conditions of the country. The purpose of his work was to propose specific

refors in revenue-mobilization and taxation for the Philippines as a means of financing

social and physical infrastructure. Then Jose Rizal used his work as the starting point of

“Indolence of the Filipinos” which has a related theme. Because of his work it allows the

entrepreneurs to be flexible back then.

Fr. Pedro Pelaez – He was born in Pagsangjan, Laguna. He started schooling at his

home and he was able to study at Colegio de San Juan de Letran and later in University

of Santo Tomas. He caught the admiration of his professors because of his skill and

character. After his studies, he become a priest and was elected as Vicario Capitular. His

election was well accepted because he was the most capable, prudent and virtuous

member of the secular clergy. He excelled as a preacher and admired by many for his

courage in advocating a cause even in the face of very strong opposition. Secularization
question was one of the greatest factors that helped the bringing of nationalism of the

Filipinos.

Fr. Jose Burgos – He was one of the Priest that was executed at Bagumbayan field on

February 17, 1872. They advocated the reform of Spanish rule in the Philippines. They

became a martyr preceding in Philippine Revolution. Their death convinced the Filipinos

that the Spanish rule was completely evil. It is the main reason Jose Rizal wrote the

Novel “El Filibusterismo”. In the novel it exposes the wrong doings of Spaniards to the

Philippines. The novels serve as an instrument that initiated nationalism that leads to

Philippine Revolution. It awakens the Filipino awareness and established grounds to

aspire independence.