> om te 3g UNIT1: NEcEssinies exercise 1: “water parks” 1C (The whole of the paragraph deals with facilities in 1970s lei 2A (‘... based on the notion that swimming on its own is cee i the world. People get bored easily, and demand a lot more ve aaaieee ee, fertainment for their 3C (‘In Mediterranean countries... they are more often than not completely outdoors. Some are dedicated water parks, and others are part of a large leisure or holiday complex’) 4B (‘... there’s usually an entrance fee which, although quite reasonable if you make the most of what's on offer, is not cheap.’) there was a short, straight slide that had to be kept wet with a bucket 5B (‘If you were lucky, _ All of them have water flowing down them.) in which you make your way circular channel attractions.) of water .. 6A (‘... include the rapids — ent gently takes you round a seem to be positive through a man-made river... the lazy pool, where the curr | of water) 7A (‘shops, cafes, bars and restaurants,Post-reading a) Notion (paragraph 2) ~ idea Combination (paragraph 3) ~ mixture Reasonable (paragraph 4) — not expensive re) Steep (paragraph 6) — going down very quickly ‘Twist (paragraph 7) - have sharp turns b) 4, day out 2. drinks machine 3. fizzy drinks 4. leisure/holiday centre 5. entrance: fee 6. all shapes and sizes Seemuceueone) manawa 7. wave Obstacles (paragraph 7) — things which get " ere way Current (paragraph 7) — flowing water Thrilling (paragraph 8) ~ exciting Cable (paragraph 6) — wire rope Exercise 2: fa B 2D 3A 4D SA 6B | 1c 8A 9B 10D 116 Exercise 3:yoc ABULARY - Words with many MeaningsExercise 1 “Cartoon” . i UNIT 2: IMAGE AND IDENTD BYEMNAnaYNE PONO>S>0O>d Exercise 2 1B PAesG 48 25D 6DExercise 4 1. B. The passage is . hi: as 'storical, Account of Hey ' : *schel’s contribution to the development of reflecting telescope. es much like Galileo and ni a ewton. You can infer that Galil jewton were also scientists who either built or wanted to build sana! m “ 3. B. The discovery of Uranus was one of Herschel ' s accomplishments. 4. C. Recording their positions and his “Book of Sweeps" refer to a written record KePtPY Herschel. 5. _D. The quotation marks ("") show where the author quotes Herschel2 8 3 2 unit 3: HARMONY oe 2 an Exercise 1 dic. an 6 BF D) 4A 5. B GB. Exercise 2 1. 2, (A) 3. (8) 4. (8) 5. (C) 8. (B) 7. 0) Oy) Exercise 3 Zoology : 2 10) 2A 3.(B) 4.(B) 5.(0) 6.(B) 7.A(D) 8.(A) Exercise 4: 1. This is a Factual Information question asking for specific information that can be foundin pareeleph 2. The correct answer is choice 3. The gusto, gots specifically for eviderelative dey development electrical sttmGtatigny ttm does not delay ‘ hang than us, evidence, or even me, MF choi mus c. AM Wer Sh "eMtlon, the so 4 Is ing aUSS the ee 2 , : » the re, Mmeorrece pre Mstinetice Ma is te ve ct ‘tly. Se This is a Factuay 'formati oF the yn eetuse gyi Act on asap the passage. The Correct WEStion thalamus, POR dog Son, rvive a as e se te eae we : a s 3 ich ae ” Sentence 4: aye sustion.® yc "Many mor tion Fin 0d and survive ing iN held that oS! choice nt¥duak be found in may be true, but itis not egestlthOOd." chen Y More nas SK go than can it. Sted in the panes 1 2nd 2 ang alsa ccreot © Passage are not m, ed th as lentiong ‘2N can Yan infey ‘dat aly ren ice 4 needa © Suppor This is Vocabulary Question, 7 . The Passage. The corr oe lida he » “UNaVoidable.» If someth ‘means that it will occ Te Mr matter what; i other word FdS, it is u its unavoidable ing tested is inevitaby, le. This is a Vv passage Farias uestion. The word f e in poe Correct answer is Choice 3, "sati 8 tested is gratis res are fulfilled. Thus the person is satis a acre isfied, This is a Re Thi Sone Question. The word being tested is th © correct answer is choice 2, “peng sie ey Its highlighted inthe pasage , Sbentim, auc ee pronour-teferent item. The word|they here eke Fee ae Meee TN all toward stran, nies mething that "may be ex 5 ests teuin|WeSiThEistherouletciomeraey the" clin mentioned may be directed, ‘aggressive impulses" This is a Factual Information question asking for specific information that can be found in ‘a fear that their parents will punish them paragraph-S. The correct answer is choice 2, " and stop loving them." The question asks what causes the conflict between the desire to vent aggression and children's fears. The answer is found in paragraph 5 in the sentence that reads, "Yet children, also fearing their parents’ punishment and the loss of parental love, come to repress most aggressive impulses." Answer choice 2 is the only choice that correctly identifies the cause of the conflict created by repressing aggression in children. you why the author mentions that Freud is is ical Purpose question. It asks x saaeaed aa ete engines" in the passage. The phrase being tested is described people as h ch highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is iiding up." Steam engines oice 3, will explode if to prevent it from bul "must vent their aggressionpeople, as choice 3 indleate, itehy The same ts true of ‘ ng of both peo ~ ple and steam engines, 30 they their steam builds UP indefini other choices are not necessarily € es 11 of these questions, 2 single i impli uestion. As with al ona a. This is a Sentence Si rmplification 4 _ —- inthe passage fs highlighted ws i \d justified For example, people who belleve that aggression Is ne on " sue % a 2 : : wartime-are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who bel i ta ara as act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression I= NEVE i are Tess ely, a “pe behave ageressivel Be ly. * ng all of the essential information in the Z t it contail t v compares people who, Delleve Talia terms of their relative likeli mo 10. nat choice 2 Says: "People rad are more likely to act ABBFessively behavior of one type of Person with cout, and the meaning hay is choice 2. ited sentenc d those who do not, in ns. This is precisely WI The correct answer is highlighted sentence. The highlight acts of aggression are necessary an to act aggressively under certain conditio believe that aggression is necessary and justifi differently." It compares the essential has been left who than those who believe that of another type of person. Nothing not been changed. e sentence; it says categorically that jhe unjust war do not (act aggressively)" The ely" to act aggressively, not hanges the meaning of th yy are fighting an ys that such people are “less li Choice 1 (people) who believe that the' highlighted sentence merely s2 that they never will; this changes the meaning, elieve that aggression is nec. essary and "People who normally do not b " This because it leaves out critical time." ho do believe aggression is necessary. This Choice 3 says, justified may act aggressively during wai information: it does not mention people w' choice does not make the same comparison as the highlighted sentence. tion: it does not mention people who do believe Because it leaves out critical informa’ es not make the same comparison as the aggression is necessary. This choice dot highlighted sentence. Choice 4, "Pe ki necessarily act eae eae shat aesression Js necessaty ot justified do not i luring wartime," also ch: a leaving out essential i 3 ” changes the meaning of the sentence b\ belie ential information. In this choice, no mention is na ve aggression is necessary. This choice d MEERA ES eS highlighted sentence.10. 11. people") are “People decide their experie r NCES Wis Choice 3, the mace a here. INCt to avoig The Psychodynami mic Approac is that inner conflicts are crucial ee adopting the psychodynamic approach hold Tee lerstanding human behavior, including aggression. Giants ee believed that aggressive impulses are inevitable reactions to the fe. Children normally desire to vent aggressive impulses on other people, including their parents, because even the most attentive parents cannot gratify all of their demands immediately. (1) Yet children, also fearing their parents’ punishment and the loss of parental love, come to repress most aggressive impulses. (2) The Freudian steam engines.” (3) By holding in rather than venting Josions. (4) Pent-up aggressive impulses demand perspective, in a sense, sees us a5 in indirect ways such as destroying "steam," we set the stage for future exp} outlets. They may be expressed toward parents in indirec or they may be expressed ‘toward strangers later in life. furniture, however, impulses that have beenis dified. Here, the inserted sentence tells us ieee nea 3 anes meted are repressed, they continue to sonst a mn the next sentence and the reeeter sagan Ee er a ce the modification ("however, oe 3 hei aaa feeicettianyor impulses) asus Te lal ence sentence at choice (3) would move the modifying sentence . y an s immediately following the idea that it modifies (repression ol ee eee : ‘ ad sentence at choice (4) moves the sentence farther from its logical at ni with connection to the sentence that follows it. orrectly below. Choice 2 is the 12. This isa Fill in a Table question. It is completed c: answer for the "Biological Approach" row. Choices 1 and 6 are the correct answers for the correct answers for the "Cognit "Psychodynamic Approach" row. Choices 3 and 5 are Approach" row. Choice 4 should not be used in any row. Directions: Complete the table below by matching five of the six answer choices wi the approach to aggression that they exemplify. This question is worth 3 points. Approach to Understanding Aggression Associated ClaimsBiological Approach Psychodynamic Approach Cognitive Approach Aggressi ive behavior ot F may inv i ther people's intentions. jolve a misunderstanding of Acting aggressi gressively is the a result of a choice it ee ri a choice influenced by Answer Choices ‘A, The need to express aggressive impulses 1. Aggressive impulses toward people are declines with age. sometimes expressed in indirect ways. 5, Acting aggressively is the result of pa choice influenced by 2 person's values 2. Aggressiveness is often useful for individuals and beliefs in the struggle for survival. 6. Repressing ageressve impulses can result in aggressive behavior. behavior ™2Y 3. Aggressive of misunderstanding intentions.hoices. correct Cl opie are sometimes expressed in indirec rd Ps impulses foe" ow based on paragraph 5. That paragr ic Al Le states, "Pent-up aggressive impulses demay lates Wy indirect ways such as destroying furniture,» ard pare! 4 they ma ness is often useful for individuals in the struggle for ang eet ee ipproach" row because, as stated in paragraph 3, "An offshgge < gs in the sipiologica! ied sociobiology suggests that aggression is natural ang yelones | cat . e she piolosica! approeen | aiinder of that paragraph explains the ways in which agg aa yeople- ‘ith ‘i desirble 1 erin the strussle for survival. Neither of the other approaches discuss. penavor Be pice belones her. : this this idea, S° pore a: “Agsressive behavior may involve a misunderstanding of other people, vans" belongs in the “Cognitive Approach” row based on paragraph 8. The theme of hy intention hat people decide to be aggressive (or not) largely based upon th, f other people's motives. It goes on to say that these interpretations may by paragraph is tl interpretations 0 i vritorted,” or misunderstood. Accordingly, this answer choice belongs in this row. Choice 5: "Acting aggressively is the result of a choice influenced by a person's value and beliefs" belongs in the "Cognitive Approach” row based on paragraph 7, which stats, "Cognitive psychologists assert that our behavior is influenced by our values, by the waysin which we interpret our situations, and by choice." Thus this is an important aspect of the cognitive approach. Choice 6: "Repressing aggressive impulses can result in aggressive behavior" belongsin the "Psychodynamic Approach” row based on paragraphs 5 and 6. Both of those paragraphs explicitly make this point in the section of the passage on the psychodynamic approach. Incorrect Choice Choice 4: "The need to express aggressive impulses declines with age" is not men tion in connection with any of the approaches to aggression disct in the passage, so it I not be used. ae ; Tenea ~ 9 UNtT & 4: CHALLENGES Exercise 1 AeA 5,8 2G, 6.C a Migratio1 nc 10NAy n BD, 78 inc Ap S.A. 120 Exercise 2 1B (‘... and is in dem: oe e and to play at weddings and other functions.) _.. she is likely to bs ( ly to be earning less than her full potential while she remains a student) 3 D (‘But now I’m goint g to be in a house som) 1y expendit it a ee ne penditure is obviously going to £0 YP andl rent each month.) 4 A(‘Irecently had the harp serviced, too. That cost a fortune:) omething in 5 D (‘Sefa.-- will be embarking on freelance career with a student loan debt of s the region ‘of £20,000, 2 thought which fills me with horror’) 6 B(‘ama stage designer with mY best earning yeas behind me-) ig functions and weddings, but t's mind-numbing 7B (‘You can make good money just doin and | would prefer not to do it!’)