By: Saad Ghauri, EE-221

Units of Measurement
Magnitudes of measurements (or of values derived from observations) must be given in terms of specific
units. In surveying, the most commonly employed units are for length, area, volume, and angle. Two
different systems are in use for specifying units of observed quantities, the English and metric systems.
Because of its widespread adoption, the metric system is called the International System of Units, and
abbreviated SI.

English System: (FPS system,Foot,Pound,Second)

In the English system,
1) Area:
Represented by: Square Feet predominantly but Square Yards as well. However, for larger areas Acre is
also used, essentially 10 Gunter Chains equal 1 acre so an acre contains 43,560 ft 2.

2) Angle:
Represented by: degree, defined as 1/360 of a circle. One degree (1°) equals 60 min, and 1 min equals
60 seconds. Radians are also employed, A Radian being the angle subtended by an arc of a circle having
a length equal to the radius of the circle.

3) Length:
Represented by: Foot. In the year 1893 the US adopted a new system, one that’s in place today as well,
under this system one foot is equal to approximately 0.3048006 meters.

4) Volume:
Represented by: Cubic Feet or Cubic Yards. As is with Area, for larger volumes acre-foot unit is
employed. The acre-foot is equivalent to the area of an acre having a dept of 1ft and this it is 43,560 ft 3.

5) Mass:
Represented by: Pound, where 1 pound is approximately equal to 453.5923 grams.

6) Temperature:

Represented by: °F, Fahrenheit

3/19/2023

Engineering Survey-I Assignment 1

By: Saad Ghauri, EE-221

Metric System: (MKS system,Meter,Kilogram,Second)

In the Metric System,

1) Area:
Represented by: Square meter. Large areas are given in hectares (ha), where one hectare is equivalent
to a square having sides of 100 m. Thus, there are 10,000 m 2

2) Angle:
Represented by: degree, defined as 1/360 of a circle. One degree (1°) equals 60 min, and 1 min equals
60 seconds. Radians are also employed, A Radian being the angle subtended by an arc of a circle having
a length equal to the radius of the circle.

3) Length:
Represented by: Meter. In the year 1893 the US adopted a new system, one that’s in place today as well,
under this system 0.3048006 meters is equal to approximately one foot. Subdivisions of the meter (m)
are the millimeter (mm), centimeter (cm), and decimeter (dm), equal to 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 m,
respectively. A kilometer (km) equals 1000 m, which is approximately five eighths of a mile

4) Volume:
Represented by: Cubic meter (m 3), A cubic meter is sometimes abbreviated to m^3, M3, m**3, cu
m, m3, CBM, 

5) Mass:

Kilogram (kg) The kilogram is the metric unit of mass. It's the mass of the international prototype of the
kilogram: a standard platinum/iridium 1 kg mass housed near Paris at the International Bureau of
Weights and Measures (BIPM).

6) Temperature:

Kelvin (K) The Kelvin is the unit of thermodynamic temperature. It is the fraction 1/273.16 of the
thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. The Kelvin scale is an absolute scale, so there
is no degree.

3/19/2023

Engineering Survey-I Assignment 2

By: Saad Ghauri, EE-221

Inter-Convertions of Units
Volume:
Area:
1 cubic meter = 35.314 cubic feet
1 Square meter = 10.763 Square Feet
1 cubic meter = 1.31 cubic yards
Angle:
Length:
1 degree = 0.01745329 Radian
1 meter = 3.280 foot

1 Kilometer = 3280.83 foot

Temperature:
Mass:
1 kilogram = 2.204 pound 1 kelvin = -457.87 Fahrenheit

1 gram = 0.002204 pound 1 Kelvin = -272.15 Celsius

Convertions of Units used in

Surveying

3/19/2023

Engineering Survey-I Assignment 3

By: Saad Ghauri, EE-221

Gunter Chain Problem:

Data:
Number of Chains =5

Number of Links =32

Horizontal Distance/length in foot and meters =?

Known Data:
We know: one Gunter chain is equal to 66 feet and 100 links. One link= 0.66 foot

Solution:
5 chains = 5x100=500  500 links

For Total Links:

3/19/2023

500+32 = 523 links

For Horizontal Length (in foot):

Engineering Survey-I Assignment 4

By: Saad Ghauri, EE-221

532 x 0.66 = 351.12 foot (as 0.66 foot = 1 link)

For Horizontal Length in Meters:

since 1 foot = 0.3048 meters

351.12 x 0.3048 = 106.81 meters

Answers:
Horizontal Length in:
Meters=106.81m
Foot=351.12 ft

3/19/2023

Engineering Survey-I Assignment 5