Medan, 17 July 2017

PROCESSOR

Paulita Turnip 151401069

Muhammmad Rizky 151401060

Dwi Ekal Saputra 151401105

Mhd. Raka Prayudhistira 151401123

M Reza Armanda P 151401138

Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology

University of Sumatera Utara

Jl. Dr. T. Mansyur No. 9, Padang Bulan, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.
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Preface

Thank to Almighty God who has given bless to the writer for finishing the English paper
assignment entitled “Processor” as one of the tasks of OAK (Computer Organization and Architecture) .
Thanks to God for helping me and give me chance to finish this assignment timely. And I would
like to say thank you to Dr. Dahlan Sitompul M.Eng as the lecturer that always teaches us and
give much knowledge about Computer Architecture well.
I realized this assignment is not perfect. But I hope it can be useful for us.Therefore, in
progress to completing this paper critics and suggestion is needed here to make this assignment
be better. Hopefully we as a student in “ Computer Science” can work more professional by
using English as the second language whatever we done.Thank you.
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Introduce

A. Background

Times are growing rapidly, technology is also growing as well as science in the field of
computer technology. Science technology is currently undergoing development, especially in the
country of Indonesia. The role of technology for human life is very important because in today's
work all use sophisticated technology. Much of what we have to learn about the computer is one
of the processing that occurs in the computer, this processing unit is called the CPU (Central
Processing Unit). CPU function is as a processor and data processing which can then generate a
required information. Therefore we take material about the development of processor. People in
Indonesia are familiar with various types of hardware (hardware) and software (software) in the
computer, suppose we know hardware (hardware) that is about various types of processors,
especially as we are technicians we are required to know the latest technological developments.
Different types of processors are actually growing rapidly according to the demands of
technological developments. Progress era demands us to work quickly and the sense of comfort
when using technology devices, therefore the development of technology should be adjusted
with the times. Processor has evolved from various types from the lowest to the existing type
until now. And recently intel has launched the latest type of processor.

B. Purpose

The key to success in learning information technology is on the ability to understand the
three main results of introduction of information technology, namely usability, type of
technology and how it works. With this explanation then we are directed to manufacture of
information technology introduction paper themed processor / CPU.

1. As knowledge for student about processor.

2. Adding knowledge in the field of computer technology development, especially the
development of processor.
3. As knowledge to know the history of processor development.
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C. Problem Formulation

1. What is the meaning of processor ?

2. What is the function and different types of processor ?
3. How the history of processordevelopment?

D. Definition

The central processing unit (CPU) of a computer is a piece of hardware that carries out
the instructions of a computer program. It performs the basic arithmetical, logical, and
input/output operations of a computer system. The CPU is like the brains of the computer - every
instruction, no matter how simple, has to go through the CPU. So let's say you press the letter 'k'
on your keyboard and it appears on the screen - the CPU of your computer is what makes this
possible. The CPU is sometimes also referred to as the central processor unit, or processor for
short. So when you are looking at the specifications of a computer at your local electronics store,
it typically refers to the CPU as the processor.

Understanding and functioning processor (processor) computer. Processor is one of the

most important components of the computer circuit, without this one tool the company will not
walk over will not be useful because the processor is the computer brain, to find out more about
the understanding and function of computer processor let us refer to the following
explanation.Processor is a computer component that is as the brain that runs the process and
controlling the computer work by cooperating other computer devices, the unit speed in the
Processor is MHz (Mega Hertz) or GHz (Giga Hertz) with the greater the speed of a processor
the faster the performance of the computer when do the process. With a large processor capacity
and supported by large memory (RAM) will also help every work of instruction quickly. The
other meaning of the processor is the chip that is often called"Microprocessor". The most
important part of the processor is:

1. Arithmatics Logical Unit (ALU): Performs all arithmetic (mathematical) calculations

that occur in accordance with the instructions of the program.
2. Control Unit (CU): Traffic control data such as inputs, and outputs.
3. Memory Unit (MU): A small storage device with high access speed.

E. Function

The CPU, or Central Processing Unit, is both the heart and brains of every computer.
Many of us do not know how important this unit is to the performance of a computer. How many
of you have wondered about the basic functions of CPU? This paper will answer that question,
plus others including:
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 Why it is important to have a good cooling system to keep the CPU at the right
temperatures.
 Why it is so important to keep the CPU from overheating.
1. The Brains of the Computer

As I mentioned, the CPU is similar to human brain. Every single operation that you do
with your computer is processed in the CPU. The performance of your computer is based upon
simple mathematical operations and the CPU is the device that controls all of those operations.
Let's say we are using a calculator to add two numbers. You enter the numbers using your
keyboard. The keyboard controller turns all of that information into binary code. Binary code
consist of sequences of 0 and 1. This information is this sent to the registry and then transferred
to the CPU. The CPU has an integrated ALU (Arithmetical Logical Unit). The ALU is
responsible for all mathematical and logical operations.

Your request to add two numbers comes to the CPU and is transferred to the ALU. The
ALU adds the binary numbers and returns the answer to the CPU, which transfers the answer to
an output device. Adding two numbers is a very simple example, but it illustrates the basic
functions of the CPU. Every single step you perform on your computer is in one way or another
connected to this central unit, so it is very important to keep your processor in good form.
Overheating, especially, can lead your CPU to fail.

2. The Four Primary Functions of the CPU

The CPU processes instructions it receives in the process of decoding data. In processing
this data, the CPU performs four basic steps:

1. Fetch :Each instruction is stored in memory and has its own address. The processor takes
this address number from the program counter, which is responsible for tracking which
instructions the CPU should execute next.
2. Decode :All programs to be executed are translated to into Assembly instructions.
Assembly code must be decoded into binary instructions, which are understandable to
your CPU. This step is called decoding.
3. Execute :While executing instructions the CPU can do one of three things: Do
calculations with its ALU, move data from one memory location to another, or jump to a
different address.
4. Store :The CPU must give feedback after executing an instruction and the output data is
written to the memory.
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F. Different Types

There are many different processors on the market. However, there are only a few that
you should consider purchasing. Whether you're buying a computer off the shelf, building it
from scratch or upgrading your CPU, you must put some time and thought into which processor
to buy. The choice you make today will affect your computer's speed and functionality for years
to come.

There are two primary manufacturers of computer microprocessors. Intel and Advanced
Micro Devices (AMD) lead the market in terms of speed and quality. Intel's desktop CPUs
include Celeron, Pentium and Core. AMD's desktop processors include Sempron, Athlon and
Phenom. Intel makes Celeron M, Pentium M and Core mobile processors for notebooks. AMD
makes mobile versions of its Sempron and Athlon, as well as the Turion mobile processor which
comes in Ultra and Dual-Core versions. Both companies make both single-core and multi-core
processors.

G. History of Processors

This paper discusses the history of processors designed over the decades since the first
electronic computers were built. Early computers, such as the ENIAC, had to be physically
rewired in order to perform different tasks. These machines are often referred to as "fixed-
program computers," since they had to be physically reconfigured in order to run a different
program. Since the term "CPU" is generally defined as a software (computer program) execution
device, the earliest devices that could rightly be called CPUs came with the advent of the stored-
program computer.

The idea of a stored-program computer was already present during ENIAC's design, but
was initially omitted so the machine could be finished sooner. On June 30, 1945, before ENIAC
was even completed, mathematician John von Neumann distributed the paper entitled First Draft
of a Report on the EDVAC (NOTE: ref needed). It outlined the design of a stored-program
computer that would eventually be completed in August 1949 (von Neumann 1945). EDVAC
was designed to perform a certain number of instructions (or operations) of various types. These
instructions could be combined to create useful programs for the EDVAC to run. Significantly,
the programs written for EDVAC were stored in high-speed computer memory rather than
specified by the physical wiring of the computer. This overcame a severe limitation of ENIAC,
which was the large amount of time and effort it took to reconfigure the computer to perform a
new task. With von Neumann's design, the program, or software, that EDVAC ran could be
changed simply by changing the contents of the computer's memory.

While von Neumann is most often credited with the design of the stored-program computer
because of his design of EDVAC, others before him such as Konrad Zuse had suggested similar
ideas. Additionally, the so-called Harvard architecture of the Harvard Mark I, which was
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completed before EDVAC, also utilized a stored-program design using punched paper taperather
than electronic memory. The key difference between the von Neumann and Harvard
architectures is that the latter separates the storage and treatment of CPU instructions and data,
while the former uses the same memory space for both. Most modern CPUs are primarily von
Neumann in design, but elements of the Harvard architecture are commonly seen as well.

H. Conclusion

From the results of the discussion about Processor Papers, then taken conclusion:

1.Processor is an IC that controls the entire course of a computer system and is used as a center
or brain of a computer that serves to perform calculations and perform tasks.
2. The main function of the CPU is to perform arithmetic and logic operations against data
retrieved from memory or from information entered through some hardware, such as a keyboard,
scanner, control lever, or mouse.
3. The development of the processor begins by the intel processor at that time only the only
microprocessor available. But at this time has many outstanding processors from other
manufacturers, so users can get a variety of processors.
4. The CPU processes instructions it receives in the process of decoding data. In processing this
data, the CPU performs four basic steps: Fetch, Decode, Execute and Store.
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I. References

http://gusfirmansyah.blogspot.co.id/2014/04/pengertian-dan-fungsi-prosesor-
processor.html

http://babesajabu.wordpress.com/2009/06/17/pengertian-dan-jenis-processor/

http://study.com/academy/lesson/central-processing-unit-cpu-parts-definition-
function.html

https://turbofuture.com/computers/What-are-the-basic-functions-of-a-CPU\

http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/History_of_processors