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VILLAGE SURVEY REPORT , Karsog , Mandi

DEPARTMENT OF Computer Science Engineering

SEMESTER – II ( 2022-2023 )

Nature, Scenery, Forests, Agriculture Between Shimla and Mandi Himachal Pradesh India

SUBMITTED BY :

SAHIL GUPTA

SEM II (2022-2023)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express gratitude to Prof. (Dr.) Neelam

Bageshwari, Head of Department, Department of Geography,
facilitated throughout by giving input and encouragement for
designing and completing the report. I am thankful to Miss
Ankita Gupta for her guidance as a mentor and assessment of
this report.
In order to complete fieldwork successfully, I would like to
present special thanks to all the research participants and
villagers who provided their valuable time and made our stay
meaningful and study beneficial.

SAHIL GUPTA

BE-CSE (SEM II)

U.ID- 22BCS13401
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INDEX

S.NO. TOPIC

1. INTRODUCTION
2. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
3. METHODOLOGY
4. INTRODUCTION
a. HISTORY
b. LOCATION
c. PHYIOGRAPHY
PEOPLE AND POPULATION
d. DEMOGRAPHY
e. SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM
 INCOME SOURCE
 LIVELIHOOD
 AGRICULTURE
 LOCAL MARKET
f. INFRASTRUCTURE
 ROAD
 ELECTRICITY
 COMMUNICATION
 EDUCATION
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 HEALTH
 TRASPORT
k. POLITICAL STRUCTURE
5. VILLAGE SURVEY –KARSOG
6. WATER SOURCES AND IT’S
AVAILABILITY
7. CONCLUSION
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INTRODUCTION
Karsog is an ancient town and is described in folk tales of the epic
Mahabharata. Karsog is the combination of two words: "Kar" and
"sog", translating to "daily mourning". According to the Mahabharata,
during the time of Pandavas, a Rakshasha used to eat a townsperson
each day. During their exile, Pandavas visited the town and learned of
the demon. Bhim destroyed a demon by offering himself as food as an
alternative to eating the villagers. This relieved the town of its daily
mourning. Pandavas build many temples in this area.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The development of area depends on geological social- economic setting of the
area. Small units like a village help us for collecting data of various socio-economic
condition , so the study of a local area is very essential to the students.

The basic aims and objectives of the rural survey were:

 To know the reasons of migration

 To know the nature and trends of migration.
 To know the problems and potentials of migrants
 To know about the local area and to get acquainted with the past and
present geographical environment

.
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METHODOLOGY
The approach adopted for this study was basically to formulate the strategy using
both primary data collection as well as secondary data collection. The primary
data collection has been undertaken by us at various levels in the project area,
which included meetings and discussions with Village Pradhan/ Member of
Panchayat, Beneficiaries/ Non- Beneficiaries, Village elders, etc.

The study was designed to be implemented in phases as follows:

 Preparatory phase and Sample Design

 Field work
 Data Analysis
 Report Writing

The data collected include demography, social structure, infrastructure facilities,

agro-climatic resources, village economy, village organizations, people’s
institutions, and development issues.Both Quantitative and qualitative data were
collected. The quantitative data were on population, land holding, and literacy
rate. The qualitative data were quality of drinking water, quality of the road,
housing pattern, sanitation, and food habit, which were obtained from the village
after interaction with the villagers and using tools like Focused group discussion
and informal meetings.

INTRODUCTION- KARSOG
Tired of the overcrowded hill stations of the Himalayas? Shimla, Manali, and Kullu too
mainstream for you? Then it’s time for you to explore the treasures of the Karsog Valley. While
it’s peppered with temples that all link their histories back to the Mahabharata, the valley’s
beauty lies in its pristine nature which has not been disturbed by rampant tourism.
Here the village economy is still governed by the fertile farms of the valley and the rich fruit
orchards. You can visit an idyllic village and go back to a time where the incessant buzzing of
social media notifications and honking tourist buses didn’t exis. The story of Karsog is as old as
time, the name itself comes from the words ‘kar’ and ‘shok’ meaning ‘daily mourning’. The
myth from the Mahabharata goes that the village was terrorized by a rakshasa who ate a
villager every day causing for daily mourning. But during the exile of the Pandavas, Bhima
saved the village from the rakshasa by offering himself.
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ATTTRIBUTES DESCRIPTION
LOCALITY NAME KARSOG
TEHSIL NAME KARSOG
DISTRICT MANDI
STATE HIMACHAL PRADESH
DIVISION MANDYALI
LANGUAGE ENGLISH, HINDI AND MANDYALI
ELEVATION/ALTITUDE 2065 METERS, ABOVE SEA LEVEL
PIN CODE 175011
POST OFFICE NAME KARSOG
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HISTORY OF THE VILLAGE

Karsog is an ancient town and is described in folk tales of the
epic Mahabharata. Karsog is the combination of two words:
"Kar" and "sog", translating to "daily mourning". According to
the Mahabharata, during the time of Pandavas, a Rakshasha
used to eat a townsperson each day. During their exile,
Pandavas visited the town and learned of the demon. Bhim
destroyed a demon by offering himself as food as an
alternative to eating the villagers. This relieved the town of its
daily mourning. Pandavas build many temples in this area.
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LOCATION

Karsog is a town and municipal area (Nagar Panchayat) in the state of Himachal Pradesh in
northern India..

PHYSIOGRAPHY
The total area of Karsog is 524 km2. Karsog has a population of 93,126 people.
The geographical position of Karsog is 31.3813° N, 77.2046° E.

Karsog is a town in Karsog sub-division of Mandi District in Himachal Pradesh

State in India. Distance of Karsog from various place
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DEMOGRAPHY OF VILLAGE
Karsog is Tehsil in Himachal Pradesh state, Karsog Tehsil population in 2023 is
122,926. According to 2011 census of India, Total Karsog population is 93,126
people are living in this Tehsil, of which 47,122 are male and 46,004 are female.
Karsog population estimated to be 119,201 in 2022. Literate people are 64,690 out
of 36,297 are male and 28,393 are female. Total workers are 54,839 depends on
multi skills out of which 29,003 are men and 25,836 are women. Total 21,423
Cultivators are depended on agriculture farming out of 12,083 are cultivated by men
and 9,340 are women. 893 people works in agricultural land as a labour in Karsog.
Karsog Tehsil has a total of 497 locations/villages, Below is the population table
listing as per the last census of 2011 showing male, female and household.

Population Mal
Locations/Villages Female Households
2011 e
D.P.F.Dofa (484) 149 79 70 35
Parali Rehli (482) 42 20 22 10
Puni (483) 140 71 69 33
Pehran (485) 38 20 18 9
D.P.F.Pathrebi (547) 132 69 63 32
Pathrebi (545) 165 76 89 32
D.P.F.Sundroo (544) 102 52 50 18
Thakar Thana (553) 700 356 344 150
Delag (552) 546 276 270 108
Kamuheri (554) 364 184 180 74
D.P.F.Dhurmu (542) 164 91 73 31
Dhurmugad (541) 10 7 3 2
Kut (543) 79 39 40 16
Jatho (492) 197 97 100 41
D.P.F.Richhni (493) 136 75 61 33
Kanochha (546) 19 10 9 3
Bakhrunda (495) 224 111 113 51
Richhni (491) 153 76 77 35
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Chamraog (494) 16 8 8 3
Shanahar (490) 100 49 51 22
Batala Bahal (472) 325 174 151 62
Kwagla (488) 120 61 59 31
D.P.F.Pehran (486) 24 12 12 5
Kharkan (477) 186 94 92 38
Gothra (478) 167 81 86 37
Drashti (476) 236 117 119 50
D.P.F.Tikri Dhar (489) 27 15 12 7
Nehra (475) 554 266 288 108
Dhalog (464) 102 53 49 20
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SOCIAL AND ECONOMY SYSTEM

LOCAL ECONOMY

Local economy of Karsog remains primarily associated with primary

agricultural production. development of the village of Karsog is therefore
often considered outside the mandate of ministries of labour. And yet,
the productive transformation of both agriculture and the non-farm
economy cannot be fully effective without their active involvement.

1. INCOME SOURCE-
According to the household survey the average monthly income of a villager
is Rs. 7500, average monthly expenditure is Rs. 3000. The remaining money
is put in savings. These savings is used for creating the assets and some part
of it is saved to cope with future crisis.

2. LIVELIHOOD–

Most of the people in the village have agriculture as the primary source of
income; apart from this, they also do work as wage laborers in government
schemes or private works. If they do not have work in the village, they
migrate to nearby city to earn some livelihood. Few women are engaged in
handicraft activity from last one year and few men also do business for their
livelihood.
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3. AGRICULTURE –

Most of the people are dependent on agriculture; the agriculture practice is

mainly primitive in nature and labour intensive. It is found that the soil is of
light sandy soil type. Some farmers use urea along with cow dung as
fertilizers. Most of the crops produced are consumed only a small part of it
is sold in the market.

4. LOCAL MARKET–

The availability of market in the village is good. The market is held all week.
The market is very huge containing almost all products required by the
villagers ranging from fruits, vegetables, clothes, makeup products, soaps
etc. Many villagers also sell their products in the market. Villagers usually go
the market by walking with their family.

INFRASTRUCTURE
1. ROADS:

The village is connected through a concrete road, near the village there is PCC
which is of 1 km in stretch. Inside the village road are both Kuccha and Pucca.
The sample survey shows that 60% of the households say that the roads are
in good condition, 20% of the road is of below average quality, 16% of the
road is average and just 4% of the sample says that the road is of bad quality.

There are one national highways near Mandi–

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2. ELECTRICITY:

Most of the households in the village are electrified. Electricity is available

approximately for 24 hours in a day with atleast two interruptions. The survey
done by us shows that 90% of the households are electrified. There are different
mohallas in the village and maximum number of households in the village are
electrified in those mohallas.

3. COMMUNICATION:

Communication facilities in the village are good. The maximum number of houses
have mobile phones, internet, televisions, radios, telephone, and other means of
communication. There are various towers of different companies available
throughout the village. The village has network connectivity of BSNL, Reliance,
etc.
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SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE:
1. EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE:
 There are 3 government primary schools. Additionally, there are 9 private
primary schools in the village of Karsog. There is a government middle
school. Additionally, there are 5 private middle schools in the village of
Karsog. There is a government secondary school.
 Additionally, there are 5 private secondary schools in the village of Karsog.
There is a government senior secondary school. Additionally, there are 2
private senior secondary schools in the village of Karsog.
 There is a private arts and science degree college in the village of Karsog.
There are no private or government engineering colleges in the village.
However, there is a government engineering college in Kant, which is less
than 5 kms away from Karsog.
 There are no private or government medical colleges in the village.
However, there is a government medical college in Jaipur, which is more
than 10 km away from Karsog.
 There are no private or government management institutes in the village.
However, there is a government management institute in Kukas, which is 5-
10 km away from Karsog.
 There are no private or government polytechnic institutes in the village.
However, there is a government polytechnic institute in Jaipur, which is
more than 10 kms away from Karsog.
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 There are different schools in Karsog; some are private while some of them
are public or government schools.
 The infrastructure of private schools is comparatively better than the
government schools in Karsog. Shri Karsog International Public school is
situated in Shyam Vatika, Karsog.
 There are senior secondary schools available in Karsog, one of them is Govt.
Senior Sec. School, Karsog.

2. HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE:

There are various health care centres available in the village of Karsog.
Some of the Govt. Health Centres near Karsog are-
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3. TRANSPORT INRASTRUCTURE:
In Karsog various transportation facilities are provided in the village itself as
well as it is well connected to the cities by means of road.

There is no railway station near Karsog in less than 10 km. This is one of the
significant transport facilities. Although the village is connected through two
National highways. It still lacks basic transport facilities. The nearest bus stop in
mandi.

Other transport facilities that villagers often use are their privately owned
vehicles. They have cycles, bikes, motorcycles, jeep, tractor etc.

4. POLITICAL AND GOVERNMENT SYSTEM:

In Karsog Panchayati Raj signifies the system of rural local self-governance. It is
entrusted with rural development. The Panchayati Raj is a three-tier structure
consisting of the Zila Parishad, Panchayat Samiti and Gram Panchayat. The Gram
Panchayat is further divided into Gram Sabha and Nyaya Panchayat/ The
Panchayati Raj System was constitutionalized through the 73rd Constitutional
Amendment Act of 1992 which came into effect on April 24, 1993.
Rural development is one of the main objectives of Panchayati Raj
The role of panchayats becomes more important post lockdown period because
now the newly returned migrant workers will also depend on them to generate
employment under the Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyan. Know other employment
schemes of the government of India on the links provided below-

 Pradhan Mantri Rojgar Protsahan Yojana (PMRPY)

 Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP)
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 Major political party : BJP , NPP , INC

 Sarpanch-gram panchayat : JAMUNA DEVI SAINI
 Assembly MLA : SATISH POONIA
 Parliament MP : COL. RAJYAVARDHAN RATHORE
 Polling Stations /Booths near Karsog-

1) Govt. Sr. Sec. School Chandwaji Right Side

2) Satya Bharti Govt. Adarsh Primary School Karsog Left Side

3) Govt Girls Sec School Achorl Left Side

4) Govt Adarsh Upper Primary School Ghatwara Right Side
5)Govt Sr Sec School Karsog Room No 16

VILLAGE SURVEY - KARSOG

We had done a village survey of Karsog having sample of 20 residents including

various indicators like – religion , caste , literacy , occupation , types of
households , public facilities , modes of transportation , cropping pattern ,
medical facilities and so on .
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AGE
of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, Karsog, Himachal Pradesh, does not have a
specific age criterion for residing or visiting the town. Anyone, regardless of age, can live in or
visit Karsog. It is a residential area with a diverse population that includes people of all ages,
from children to the elderly.

If there have been any changes or updates regarding age criteria in Karsog since September
2021, I apologize for not having that information. I recommend reaching out to the local
authorities or conducting further research to obtain the most accurate and up-to-date
information regarding any specific age criteria or requirements in Karsog, Himachal Pradesh.

Description Population Percentage

Total 93126 100%

Hindu 92193 99%

Muslim 726 0.78%

Religion not stated 83 0.09%

Sikh 47 0.05%

Christian 42 0.05%

Buddhist 31 0.03%

Jain 3 0%

Other religions and persuasions 1 0%

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RELIGION
100% of the responded were Hindu .

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION
There was a wide variety of educational qualification in the respondent
. 45% of the respondent has done schooling up to Sr. secondary , 20%
was Graduates , 15% was Post – graduates , 10 % has completed
primary education , 5% has done schooling up to secondary school and
rest another 5% was illiterate .
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DRINKING WATER SOURCES

100% of the household had tap at home , All water supply
coming direct from Himalaya all are natural source.

TOILET ARRANGEMENTS
85% of the respondent had private washrooms( in own house) ,
10% uses common washroom and rest 5% still uses open fields .
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MIGRATION
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another, and it is
frequently linked to a change of permanent residence. At the macro level, there
are inter-regional and intraregional disparities, and at the micro-level, there is a
fundamental lack of employment opportunities, resulting in low living standards
among various socio-economic groups. Internal migration and international
migration are the two types of migration. Internal migration is the movement of
people within a country from one location to another. International migration is
the movement of people from one country to another in search of work, a place
to call home, or a better standard of living. And in Karsog there is a micro level
migration which is a daily basis migration, people move for work on daily basis
and they come back home daily.
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CAUSES OF MIGRATION IN KARSOG:

 People in Karsog migrate from rural to urban areas for a variety of reasons,
including poverty, high population pressure on the land, and a lack of basic
infrastructures such as health care and education.
 People are generally emotionally attached to their birthplace. However,
millions of people leave their homes and birthplaces.
 There could be a number of reasons for this. These reasons can be divided
into two groups:Pull factors, which attract people from different places,
and Push factors, which cause people to leave their place of origin or
residence.
 In Karsog the majority of rural migrants to urban areas are attracted by
better opportunities, the availability of regular work, and relatively higher
wages.
 Better educational opportunities, health care facilities, and entertainment
options, among other things, are all significant pull factors.
 Based on Duration
 Daily: Daily commute to and from work often results in “rush hours” which
is called daily migration.

SOLUTION

Real-time data or knowledge about specific issues or challenges currently

faced by Karsog, Himachal Pradesh. However, I can suggest some general
approaches that can be helpful in addressing various problems in any
region, including Karsog:

1. Infrastructure Development: Invest in improving the infrastructure of

the town, including roads, bridges, water supply, and electricity. This can
enhance the quality of life for residents and attract more visitors and
businesses.

2. Education and Healthcare: Strengthen the education and healthcare

systems in Karsog. Building and upgrading schools and hospitals can lead
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to a more educated and healthier population.

3. Employment Opportunities: Encourage the growth of industries and

businesses in the region to create more job opportunities for local
residents. This can help reduce unemployment and provide economic
stability.

4. Sustainable Tourism: Promote sustainable tourism practices to

preserve the natural beauty and cultural heritage of Karsog. This can help
boost the local economy while preserving the environment.

5. Agriculture and Horticulture: Support local farmers and horticulturists

by providing them with modern techniques, training, and access to
markets. Agriculture is an essential part of the region's economy,
particularly in the context of apple cultivation.

6. Waste Management: Implement effective waste management systems

to keep the town clean and environmentally friendly.

7. Community Engagement: Involve the local community in decision-

making processes and development initiatives. Empowering the
community can lead to more effective and sustainable solutions.

8. Connectivity and Communication: Improve internet connectivity and

communication networks to facilitate better access to information and
services.

It's crucial to recognize that the specific challenges and solutions for
Karsog may vary, and a thorough assessment of the region's needs and
priorities is essential. Local authorities and community members must
work together to identify and address the most pressing issues in Karsog,
Himachal Pradesh.
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Conclusion
Karsog is situated near Mandi and it’s not a village lacking in basic
amenities and facilities but it has some drawbacks , but by
improving its conditions and doing frequent checks on
developments, the current condition can be improved which lead
to betterment of the village.
Though there are negative consequences of different types of
migration, migration still increases employment opportunities and
economic prosperity, which improves the quality of life. Migration
also fills labor supply and demand gaps, efficiently allocating
skilled, unskilled, and low- wage labor. The same can be
maintained by creating employment opportunities in Karsog.