MALAYA:

Manalili, Althea Marie F.

STEM 12-B
 The Philippines was colonized by the Spaniards in 1565, few
decades after Ferdinand Magellan discovered the country
through landing on Homonhon island in 1521.
 The Filipinos used to appease the powers of spirits and natural
creatures (animism) during the Pre-Historic era, yet during the
colonization of Spain, their religious beliefs have been greatly
influenced when the Spaniards introduced the concept of
Christianity in the country – making it one of the most notable
events in this period.
 GomBurZa (Mariano Gomez, Jose Apolonio Burgos, Jacinto
Zamora) was executed in this period (1872) for being charged of
sedition and treason.
SEDITION – the act of planning any form of crime and
violence against a civil authority; usually comes first before
treason
TREASON – the act of taking plans (to overthrow the
government) into action by means of actively delivering
speeches, writing pieces, or levying war; may be done
directly or indirectly
 The rise of the Propaganda movement shortly came after; and
eventually the Philippine revolution was formed after Rizal’s death
(1896).
 This whole colonial period lasted for 333 years, thus marking the
Philippine independence on June 12, 1898.
Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, the first president of the Philippines,
declared Philippines’ independence (Araw ng Kalayaan o
Kasarinlan) on June 12, 1898 after three centuries of the Spanish
colonial rule. The Philippine flag was also shown for the first time in
the proclamation proper, when Gen. Aguinaldo started waving
the flag on his house’s balcony in Kawit, Cavite.
The Spaniards had to cede the colonial rule in some countries
including the Philippines after being defeated in the Spanish-
American war. However, it also made way for the Americans to
take full control over the country, in accordance to the Treaty of
Paris with Spain.
 Some of the notable contributions of Americans to the Filipinos
include, (1) educational system (public school system); (2)
language (use of English alphabet); (3) trade and industrial
connections; (4) entertainment; and (5) literature.
 This period served as the period of imitation among Filipinos,
since the Americans made the people adapt to their own
cultures, models, and beliefs.
Prior to the formal culmination of the American colonial rule, a
series of processes were held for preparation of proclaiming
Philippine independence such as declaration of these laws:
 Jones Law (1916)
— formally known as the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916
— a law stating that the United States eventually recognized the
Philippines’ independence, and announced that the American
colonial period could come to an end when the Philippines have
already established a stable government.
 Tydings-Mcduffie Law (1934)
— formally known as the Philippine Commonwealth and
Independence Act of 1934
— a law stating that the Philippines will formally be an
independent country on July 4, 1946 after a transitional period of
ten (10) years of the Commonwealth government.
About 50 years (48 years to be exact)
after the American rule, the Philippines
and United States of America (USA)
declared the Treaty of General
Relations and Protocol, which is widely
known as the Treaty of Manila. In
accordance with this agreement, the
Americans formally recognized the
Philippines’ independence on July 4,
1946, which is also referred to as the
Philippine Republic Day (Araw ng
Pagsasarili o Republika).

On this day, the Third (or Independent) Republic of the Philippines

was formally established and President Manuel Roxas retook his
oath of office.
After the American colonial period, the Philippine
independence was commemorated every 4th of July
(Republic Day) when the United States recognized the
country’s sovereignty. Later in 1962, the ninth president,
Diosdado P. Macapagal, signed Proclamation No. 28, s. 1962
explicitly stating that,

―The establishment of the Philippine Republic by the

Revolutionary Government under General Emilio Aguinaldo
on June 12, 1898, marked our people’s declaration and
exercise of their right to self-determination, liberty, and
independence.‖
―NOW, THEREFORE, I, DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL, President of the
Philippines by virtue of the authority vested in me by Section 30 of
the Revised Administrative Code, do hereby declare Tuesday, June
12, 1962, as a special public holiday throughout the Philippines in
commemoration of our people’s declaration of their inherent and
inalienable right to freedom and independence.‖

In 1964, the Congress passed

Republic Act No. 4166,
declaring the commemoration
of Philippine Independence on
June 12. Meanwhile, the
Philippine Republic Day (July 4)
was also declared as a
national holiday.
 By virtue of Proclamation No. 212, s. 1955, President Ramon
Magsaysay named July 4 as the Philippine American Day.
Later on, it has been a yearly celebration as declared in
Proclamation No. 363, s. 1956.
 In Ferdinand Marcos’ presidential term, July 4 was declared as
the Philippine-American Friendship Day (Proclamation No.
2346, s. 1984); it was also put down from a national holiday to
a working one.
 However, President Corazon C. Aquino abandoned the
commemoration of this holiday (Administrative Code of 1987).
 In 1996, President Fidel V. Ramos returned its celebration in
accordance to the Proclamation No. 811, s. 1996 yet it was
not declared as a holiday anymore (up until the present time).
 During President Benigno Aquino III’s term,
(1) the Philippine independence day is still being celebrated on
June 12; and
(2) the Philippine-American Friendship day is still commemorated
on July 4.
However, a new date for the celebration of the Philippine
Republic Day was proclaimed. In accordance with the
Proclamation No. 533, S. 2013, the Philippine Republic Day (Araw
ng Republikang Filipino) will be commemorated yearly on
January 23, as it also marks the day when the First Republic of the
Philippines was established (January 23, 1899).
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/featured/republic-day/about/
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-jones-law-of-1916/
https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/july-4-1946-philippines-independence
http://malacanang.gov.ph/7695-the-martyrdom-of-the-gomburza/
https://asiasociety.org/education/religion-philippines
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/treaty-of-paris-ends-spanish-american-war
https://www.history.com/topics/early-20th-century-us/spanish-american-war
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.history.com/.amp/this-day-in-history/philippine-independence-
declared
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war
https://londonpe.dfa.gov.ph/the-philippines/about-the-philippines
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-jones-law-of-1916/
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/01/09/proclamation-no-533-s-2013/
https://www.findlaw.com/criminal/criminal-charges/sedition.html
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/what-is-sedition-comparing-it-treason-insurrection
https://500yoc.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Planting-of-the-First-Cross-by-Vicente-Manansala-
980x468.jpg
https://www.mypope.com.ph/history-of-catholicism-in-philippines/
https://peacehistory-usfp.org/1898-1899/