Declaration of Philippine

Independence, Drafting of the Malolos

Constitution, and Inauguration of the
First Philippine Republic
Outline
▪ Background of the Author
▪ Historical Background of the Document
▪ Content Presentation and Analysis of the Important
Historical Information
▪ Contribution and Relevance of the Document in the
Philippine History
▪ Learning Experiences
▪ References
Declaration of Philippine
Independence
Declaration of Philippine Independence
Background of the Author

Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista (Philippine Independence)

• Born: December 17, 1830, Binan, Laguna
• Father: Gregorio Enriquez Bautista
Mother: Silvestra Altamira
• Studied Law at University of Sto. Tomas and got degree in
1865.
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista (Philippine
Independence)

• Member of La Liga Filipina, Cuerpode Compromisarios, and La

Propaganda.
• 1898 - First adviser of President Emilio Aguinaldo.
• Waved the Philippine Flag during the proclamation of Philippine
Independence.
• July 14, 1899 - President of Philippines in the Revolutionary
Congress.
• Judge of the Court of First Instance of Pangasinan
• Died: December 4, 1903
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista (Philippine
Independence)

Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista (December 7, 1830 – December 4,

1903), also known as Don Bosyong, was a lawyer and author of the
Declaration of Philippine Independence. A distant relative of the
Rizal family, Bautista often gave advice to José Rizal, a Filipino
nationalist, while studying in Manila..
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista (Philippine
Independence)

Early life and career

Bautista was born in Biñan, Laguna to Gregorio Enriquez Bautista and
Silvestra Altamira. He attended preparatory school in Biñan and studied law
at the University of Santo Tomas (UST), obtaining a degree in 1865. He then
practiced law in Manila and offered free legal services to poor clients. Whilst
practicing law, Bautista, on his way to Malolos, Bulacan, was captured by a
group of bandits, who subsequently learned that he had saved many of their
friends as a defender of the poor in court cases against rich Filipinos and
Spaniards. The bandits apologized to Bautista and set him free.
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista (Philippine
Independence)

Bautista solicited funds to finance a campaign for reforms in the Philippines,

later becoming a member of the La Liga Filipina, Cuerpo de Compromisarios
and La Propaganda. In 1896, the Spaniards arrested and imprisoned him at
Fort Santiago, as he was suspected of being involved in the Philippine
Revolution; Bautista elected to defend himself and was later released from
prison..
On July 14, 1899, Bautista was elected to the position of president in Tarlac's
Revolutionary Congress and was later appointed judge of the Court of First
Instance of Pangasinan.
Declaration of Philippine Independence
Historical Background of the Document

• Declaration of Philippine Independence

- During the Spanish-American War, Filipino rebels led by Emilio

Aguinaldo proclaim the independence of the Philippines after 300 years
of Spanish rule. By mid-August, Filipino rebels and U.S. troops had
ousted the Spanish, but Aguinaldo’s hopes for independence were
dashed when the United States formally annexed the Philippines as part
of its peace treaty with Spain.
- Independence was proclaimed on 12 June 1898 between four and
five in the afternoon in Cavite at the ancestral home of General Emilio
Aguinaldo some 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Manila. The event saw
the unfurling of the Flag of the Philippines, made in Hong Kong by
Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo, and Delfina Herboza, and the
performance of the Marcha Filipina Magdalo, as the national anthem,
now known as Lupang Hinirang, which was composed by Julián Felipe
and played by the San Francisco de Malabon marching band..
Later at Malolos, Bulacan, the Malolos Congress modified the declaration upon
the insistence of Apolinario Mabini who objected to that the original proclamation
essentially placed the Philippines under the protection of the United States.

The declaration was never recognized by either the United States or Spain..

Following the end of World War II, the United States granted independence to the
Philippines on 4 July 1946 via the Treaty of Manila. July 4 was observed in the
Philippines as Independence Day until August 4, 1964, when, upon the advice of
historians and the urging of nationalists, President Diosdado Macapagal signed
into law Republic Act No. 4166 designating June 12 as the country's Independence
Day. June 12 had previously been observed as Flag Day and many government
buildings are urged to display the Philippine Flag in their offices..
 Drafting of the
Malolos Constitution
Drafting of the Malolos Constitution
Felipe G. Calderon (Drafting of the Malolos
Constitution)

• known as the "Father of the Malolos Constitution"

Group A
•• Task
Born1 on April 4, 1868 in Santa Cruz de Malabon (now Tanza), Cavite,
• Task 2
to a Spanish nobleman, Don Jose Gonzales Calderon, and Doña
Group B Roca who was of Spanish-Filipino blood.
Manuela
• Task 1
•• Task
Calderon
2 established two law universities -- Liceo de Manila, the first
law college
Group C in the Philippines, and the Escuela de Derecho (School of
•Duties).
Task 1 He taught in both institutions.
• In 1904, he was appointed member of a commission to
draft a proposed Penal Code. He also organized the La
Proteccion de la Infancia (The Protection of Infants) that
established a humanitarian institution to protect and care for
disadvantaged children.
• He died on July 6, 1908 at the age of 40.
Drafting of the Malolos Constitution
 • Drafting of the Malolos Constitution

- In 1899, the Malolos Constitution, the first Philippine Constitution

—the first republican constitution in Asia—was drafted and adopted
by the First Philippine Republic, which lasted from 1899 to 1901.
- The first significant act of the Congress was the ratification on
September 29, of the independence proclaimed at Kawit on June
12, 1898.
The original copy of the Malolos Constitution is kept in the historical archives of the
Batasang Pambansa Complex, the current seat of the House of Representatives of
the Philippines. The document is not available for public viewing.

The Malolos constitution is the first important Filipino document ever produced by
the people's representatives. It is anchored in democratic traditions that ultimately
had their roots in American soil. It created a Filipino state whose government was
"popular, representative and responsible" with three distinct branches -- the
executive, the legislative and the judicial. The constitution specifically provided for
safeguards against abuses, and enumerated the national and individual rights not
only of the Filipinos and of the aliens.

It is a monument of hope for the Filipinos which served as the symbol which carries
the ideals after a long period of oppression in the hands of the colonizers. The
constitution signifies the new beginning of the country as well as the desire of the
Filipinos to protect their freedom and move forward.
According to Isagani Giron, a past president of the Samahang
Pangkasaysayan ng Bulacan (Historical Society of Bulacan; SAMPAKA),
described the Malolos Constitution as "the best Constitution the
country ever had".[
Inauguration of the First
Philippine Republic
Inauguration of the First Philippine
Republic
Emilio Aguinaldo (Inauguration of the Malolos
Republic)

• Born on March 22, 1869, in Kawit, Cavite, Philippines. Nicknamed

Miong, Aguinaldo was the seventh of eight children. His parents
were of Chinese and Tagalog descent. His father, Carlos, died when
Aguinaldo was just nine years old. Widowed, his mother, Trinidad,
sent him to attend public school in Manila.
• Aguinaldo died of a heart attack at Veterans Memorial Hospital in
Quezon City, Philippines, on February 6, 1964, at the age of 94.
Emilio Aguinaldo (Inauguration of the
Malolos Republic)

• Was a Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military leader who

is officially recognized as the first and the youngest president of
the Philippines (1899–1901) and the first president of a
constitutional republic in Asia. He led Philippine forces first against
Spain in the Philippine Revolution (1896–1898), then in the
Spanish–American War (1898), and finally against the United
States during the Philippine–American War (1899–1901).
Inauguration of the First Philippine
Republic
• Inauguration of the Malolos Republic
- On January 23, 1899, the First Philippine Republic, also known as
the Malolos Republic, was inaugurated in Malolos, Bulacan with
General Emilio Aguinaldo as President.
- He declared Independence at Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898,
believing that such a move would inspire the people to fight more
eagerly against the Spaniards and at the same time lead the
foreign countries to recognize the independence of the country.
- Notably, Aguinaldo adopted the Constitución Política de la República
Filipina, drawn up by the Philippine Constitutional Convention in the
Barasoain Church in Malolos in January 1899 to replace the dictatorial
government set up by the Pact of Biak-na-Bato on July 7, 1897.
However, the Malolos Republic did not last long. It ended with the
capture and surrender of Aguinaldo to the American forces on March 23,
1901 in Palanan, Isabela, which effectively dissolved the First Republic.

- On April 1, 1901, Aguinaldo announced allegiance to the United States,

formally ending the First Republic and recognizing the sovereignty of
the United States over the Philippines.
After the abolition of the First Philippine Republic, the U.S. continued its
annexation of the islands pursuant to the Treaty of Paris which ended
the Spanish- American War.
- The Philippines was under U.S. sovereignty until July 4, 1946, when
formal independence was granted by the United States.

- The Philippine Republic (Spanish: República Filipina), more

commonly known by historians as the First Philippine Republic or
the Malolos Republic, was an unrecognized independent sovereign
state in the Philippines. It was formally established with Emilio
Aguinaldo as president by proclamation of the Malolos Constitution
on January 21, 1899, in Malolos, Bulacan, succeeding the previous
Revolutionary Government of the Philippines.
It endured until 1901. April 1, The First Philippine Republic was
established during the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish
Empire (1896–1897) and the Spanish–American War between Spain
and the United States (1898). Following the American victory at the
Battle of Manila Bay, Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines, issued the
Philippine Declaration of Independence on June 12, 1898, and
established successive revolutionary Philippine governments on June
18 and 23 of that year. In December, Sovereignty over the Philippines
was transferred from Spain to the United States in the 1898 Treaty of
Paris, making the United States formally the Philippines colonial
power. The Malolos Constitution establishing the First Philippine
Republic was proclaimed the following month. The Philippine–
American War began in February 1899, eventually resulting in
American victory.
The Philippine Republic is considered by Filipino historians to be the
first proper constitutional republic in Asia Although there were several
Asian republics predating the First Philippine Republic - for example,
the Mahajanapadas of ancient India, the Lanfang Republic, the
Republic of Formosa or the Republic of Ezo, and Aguinaldo himself had
led a number of governments prior to Malolos, like those established at
Tejeros and Biak-na-Bato which both styled themselves República de
Filipinas ("Republic of the Philippines") - the Republic at Malolos was
the first to frame a comprehensive constitution duly approved by a
partially elected congress
The Malolos Constitution written by the congress was proclaimed on
January 22, 1899, creating what is known today as the First Philippine
Republic, with Aguinaldo as its president. The constitution was
approved by delegates to the Malolos Congress on January 20, 1899,
and sanctioned by Aguinaldo the next day. The convention had earlier
elected Aguinaldo president on January 1, 1899, leading to his
inauguration on January 23. Parts of the constitution gave Aguinaldo
the power to rule by decree. The constitution was titled "Constitución
política", and was written in Spanish. 
It enshrined the rights of Filipino citizens denied by their colonizers. It
organized a government with powers shared by three branches—the
Executive, the Legislative, and the Judiciary. It recognized the
separation of Church and State, promoted education, and valued the
native tongue.