BIAK NA BATO

CONSTITUTION & THE

MALOLOS CONSTITUTION
PRESENTED BY: JONASH ABINION
KARL OLIVERA
LANCE TAN
ALEX DANIEL JOHN RODRIGUEZA
VANN ELLEFSON VALMORIA
•
The 114th anniversary of the First
Republic of the Philippines' founding in
Malolos, Bulacan, was celebrated on
January 23, 2013.
• The Philippine Revolution, which
started with the Katipunan and resulted
in the First Constitution and Republican
Government of Asia, was completed by
the Malolos Republic.
SIMPLE QUESTION….

• Who is the President who declared the

Proclamation No. 533, or Araw ng
Republikang Filipino, 1899."?
• President Benigno S. Aquino III has declared
Proclamation No. 533, s. in remembrance of
this. 2013 saw the proclamation of January
23 as "Araw ng Republikang Filipino, 1899."
• The Katipunan, led by Andres
Bonifacio, was a revolutionary group
that sought independence from Spanish
rule.
DID YOU KNOW???

• The Revolution of 1896, which sought

to grant the Philippines independence,
was led by the Katipunan, a secret
society whose organizational structure
was modeled after Freemasonry.
• Members of the Katipunan may be found in Manila and
other Philippine regions.
•Divisions emerged inside the organization as a result of
political and other differences between members from Manila
and other provinces, leading its leaders to call for a
convention in an attempt to try and reunite the society.
• The Tejeros Convention was held on March
22, 1897, to address the divisions between
the Magdalo and Magdiwang factions of the
Katipunan
• The conclusion was that a revolutionary government
ought to be constituted and the Katipunan dissolved
• Its executives were chosen by elections; former Katipunan
commander Andres Bonifacio was chosen as director of
the interior, and Emilio Aguinaldo as president.
• Establishing a new administration, Bonifacio
proclaimed the Tejeros Convention processes null
and unlawful.
• Bonifacio was taken into custody and given a
death sentence in Maragondon, Cavite.
• the Revolutionary government carried on the
revolution against the Spaniards.
• Aguinaldo was compelled to flee to the Biak-na-
Bato mountains by advancing Spanish soldiers by
the later half of 1897.
• Aguinaldo organized a citizen's assembly
on November 1, 1897
• the goal is to drafting a provisional
Philippine constitution that would later be
known as the Biak-na-Bato Constitution
• As a result, a deal was reached wherein the Filipino Revolutionaries
would go into exile in Hong Kong and give up their weapons in return
for monetary compensation and pardons.
• On December 15, 1897, the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, as it was thereafter
named, was signed.
• Aguinaldo and his allies founded the Junta in Hong Kong, which aimed
to carry on the struggle and win freedom from the Spanish.
• The Philippine Flag was originally flown at the
Battle of Alapan on May 28, 1898.
• On June 12, 1898, when Aguinaldo hoisted the
Philippine flag in Kawit, Cavite, and was named
dictator, the country of the Philippines was
officially declared independent.
• Aguinaldo proclaimed the official establishment of a dictatorial
administration six days after the country's independence.
• Aguinaldo subsequently issued a proclamation dismantling it and forming
a revolutionary government in its place, on the suggestion of Apolinario
Mabini.
• Mabini says that this was done to avoid suspicion from neighboring
regions over Aguinaldo's autocratic rule
 •To give the Revolutionary Government legitimacy, provincial delegates
ratified the proclamation of independence on August 1, 1898.
• As President of the Revolutionary Government, Aguinaldo addressed the
Congress during its first session and congratulated the delegates.
• It ratified the June 12, 1898 Proclamation of Independence once more as
one of its first acts.
• On December 23, 1898, President Aguinaldo
finally gave his approval to the draft constitution.
President Emilio Aguinaldo officially promulgated
it on January 21, 1899, after the Malolos Congress
had approved it on January 20, 1899.
THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT WERE ESTABLISHED BY THE
CONSTITUTION:

• Executive, led by the President and made up of

department secretaries;
• Legislature, led by the Prime Minister and made
up of delegates from the Philippines' provinces;
• Judiciary, presided over by the President of the
Supreme Court and its Justices.
• On January 23, 1899, he took office,
marking the official founding of the First
Republic of the Philippines,
THE MALOLOS CONSTITUITION

• Malolos Constitution, served as the official

constitution for the First Philippine Republic.
• Felipe Calderón y Roca and Felipe Buencamino,
offering an alternative to two other proposals
presented to the Malolos Congress by Apolinario
Mabini and Pedro Paterno.
QUESTION!!!

• Who is the father of malolos constitution?

• Felipe Gonzáles Calderón y Roca/, also
known as Felipe G. Calderon (April 4,
1868 – June 6, 1908) was a Filipino
lawyer, politician, and intellectual, known
as the "Father of the Malolos
Constitution".
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE MALOLOS CONSTITUTION?

• The Malolos Constitution, crafted during the Philippine struggle

for independence from Spain, imposed restrictions on the
unsupervised authority of the chief executive, except during
wartime as stipulated in Article 99
• The main reason the Malolos Constitution was crafted was to set
up a system for governing the Philippines as an independent
country
THE MALOLOS CONSTITUTION

- A committee headed by felipe calderon and aided by Cayetano arellano, the consitutions was
drafted, for the first time, by representatives of the filipino and it is the first replublican
constitution in asia
- The original title was malolos constitution is the (The political constitution of 1989)
- The consitutions has thirty-nine articles divided into fourteen titles, with eight articles of
transitory provision, and a final additional article
- The drafted of the constitution was presented to Emilio Aguinaldo, and this paved the way to
launching the first Philippine republic
- the preamble was created during the drafting of the Malolos Constitution.
- The Malolos Constitution of 1899 consists of 98 articles.
WHAT ARE THE THREE BRANCHES OF MALOLOS
CONSTITUTION?

• the legislative,
• the executive, and
• the judicial
•The preamble of the Malolos Constitution reads as follows:
"We, the Representatives of the Filipino People, lawfully convened in National Assembly, invoking the aid of the Divine Providence, in order
to establish justice, provide for common defense, promote general welfare, and ensure the benefits of liberty, imploring the assistance of all
nations, have framed this Constitution. “The background of the Malolos Constitution is deeply entrenched in the tumultuous landscape of
late 19th-century Philippine history. Born from the fervor of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule, the Malolos
Constitution emerged as a beacon of hope for a nation yearning for independence. Convened in Malolos, Bulacan, the Malolos Congress of
1898 brought together revolutionary leaders and delegates from across the archipelago to draft a constitution for the envisioned
independent Philippine Republic. Among the key figures involved in this historic endeavor were Felipe Calderón y Roca and Felipe
Buencamino, who played instrumental roles in shaping the constitutional framework. Against a backdrop of intense debates and
negotiations, the drafting process sought to reconcile diverse regional interests and ideologies to establish a cohesive vision for the new
government. On January 21, 1899, the Malolos Constitution was officially promulgated, marking a significant milestone in the Philippines'
quest for self-determination. Despite its short-lived existence due to the onset of the Philippine-American War, the Malolos Constitution
remains a testament to the Filipino people's unwavering resolve and aspirations for sovereignty and democratic governance. The events
leading to the creation of the Malolos Constitution began with the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule in 1896. In September 1898,
the Malolos Congress convened to establish a government for the newly independent Philippines. Key figures like Felipe Calderón y Roca
and Felipe Buencamino played vital roles in drafting the constitution during intense debates and deliberations. The Malolos Constitution
was officially promulgated on January 21, 1899, outlining principles of democracy and sovereignty. However, the outbreak of the Philippine-
American War shortly after hindered its full implementation. Overall, these events marked a significant chapter in Philippine history,
symbolizing the nation's struggle for independence and self-governance. When the Spanish–American War erupted on April 25, 1898,
Commodore George Dewey of the United States led the Asiatic Squadron of the U.S. Navy aboard the USS Olympia, sailing from Hong Kong
to Manila Bay. On May 1, 1898, the American force achieved victory over the Spanish in the Battle of Manila Bay. Subsequently, later that
month, the U.S. Navy transported Aguinaldo back to the Philippines. Aguinaldo assumed command of the newly re-formed Philippine
revolutionary forces and swiftly encircled Manila on land, while the American forces blockaded the city from the bay. On June 12, Aguinaldo
issued the Philippine Declaration of Independence and subsequently issued several decrees establishing the First Philippine Republic.
Elections were conducted from June 23 to September 10, 1898, to form a new national legislature, known as the Malolos Congress.
THANK YOU!!