Chapter 4: SOCIAL,

POLITICAL,ECONOMICS,A
ND CULTURAL ISSUES
in the Philippine History
the activities of the government, members of law-
making organizations, or people who try to influence
the way a country is governed

relating to society and the way people live

together

The system of trade and industry by which the

wealth of a country or region is made and used

The way of life of a particular people

EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE
CONSTITUTION

 define as a set of fundamental principles

or established precedents to which a state
or organization
1897:CONSTITUTION OF BIAK-NA-BATO

 The provisionary Constitution of the

Philippine Republic during the
Philippine Revolution

 Promulgated by the Philippine

Revolutionary Government ion
November 1, 1897

 Borrowed from Cuba

 Written by Isabela Artacho and Felix

Ferrer in Spanish
 ORGANS OF THE CONSTITUTION

1.) Supreme Council

2.) Consejo Supremo de Gracia Y Justicia

3.) Asamblea de Representantes

PRIMARY SOURCE
PREAMBLE OF THE BIAK-NA-BATO
CONSTITUTION

The separation of the Philippines from the Spanish monarchy and their
information into an independent state with its own government called
the Philippine Republic has been the end sought by the revolution in the
existing war.
1899: MALOLOS CONSTITUTION

 Draft Constitution by the selected commission

of the elected Malolos Congress
 Malolos Congress are composed of wealthy
and educated men
 September 17, 1898(draft)
 Approved on November 29, 1898
 Promulgated on January 21, 1899 by
Aguinaldo
 “The Political Constitution of 1899”
 Written in Spanish
 39 Articles, divided into 14 Titles(8 of
Transitory provisions and a final additional
article)
 Felipe Calderon(Main Author)
1935: THE COMMONWEALTH
CONSTITUTION

 Crafted to meet the approval of

the United States. government
 To ensure that the US would live
up to its promise.
PRIMARY SOURCE
PREAMBLE OF THE 1935 COMMONWEALTH

The Filipino people, imploring the aid of Divine Providence, in order to establish a
government that shall embody their ideals, conserve and develop the patrimony of a
nation, promote the general welfare, and secure to themselves and their posterity the
blessings of independence under a regime of justice, and democracy, o ordain and
promulgate this constitution.
 1935:THE COMMONWEALTH
CONSTITUTION

 Commonwealth of the Philippines

• Transitional Administration
• Unicameral National Assembly
 Amended in 1940 to have a bicameral congress
 Right to suffrage
1935: THE COMMONWEALTH CONSTITUTION

 Bears traces of the Malolos Constitution ,the German, Spanish, and

Mexican Constitutions, Constitutions of Several South Americans
Countries, and the unwritten English constitution.
 Draft was approved by the constitutional convention on February 8, 1935
 Ratified on March 25, 1935 by US President Franklin B. Roosevelt
 Elections were held in September 1935
 Manuel L. Quezon was elected President of the Commonwealth
 In 1965, Ferdinand E. Marcus was elected as President
 In 1967,Philippine Congress passed a resolution calling for a Constitutional
Convention to change the 1935 Constitution
 In 1969, Marcos won a re-election
 November 20, 1970 was the Elections of the Delegates to the Constitutional
Convention
 June 1, 1971 when the convention formally began
 Carlos P. Garcia was elected as the Convention President
 Succeeded by Diosdado Macapagal
 Martial law was declared
 Some delegates were placed behind bars, others went hiding or voluntary exiled
 Marcos manipulated documents
 November 29, 1972 the convention approved its proposed constitution
1973: CONSTITUTIONAL
AUTHORITARIANISM

 The constitution was amended several times

 Citizen Assemblies allow the continuation of Martial Law

 Approved the ammendments:

• Interim Batasang Pambansa
• President to become a Prime Minister

 In 1980, retirement age of judiciary members was extended to 70yo

 In 1981, parliament changed to French-style

 In 1984, Executive Committee was abolished, position of vice president
restored
 A way for the President to keep executive powers, abolish the senate, never
parliament system to function as authoritarian presidential system
 1893 Assassination of Benigno ”Ninoy” Aquino Jr.
 “Snap” Election full of widespread fraud
 A small group of military rebels attempted to stage a coup, but failed
 Triggered EDSA People Power Revolution of 1986
 Marcoses fled into exile
 Corazon Aquino was installed as President on February 25, 1986
President Corazon Aquino’s Government

 Revert to 1935 Constitution

 Retain the 1973 Constitution
 Start anew
 1986 proclaimed a transitional
constitution(Freedom Constitution) to last for a
year
 Constitutional Commission drafted a permanent
constitution
 Keep the President in check
 New Constitution adopted on February 2, 1987
1987: CONSTITUTION AFTER MARTIAL LAW

 Begins with preamble and 18 self-contained articles

 “Democratic Publican State”
 Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them.
 Executive, Legislative and Judicial branches of the government
 Established 3 independent constitutional commissions
• Civil Service Commission
• Commission on Elections
• Commission on Audit

 Office of the Ombudsman

 Submitted by: VIRCELYN M. BAGUHIN
BTLED-1C, 1ST YEAR

SUBMITTED TO: MR. JEYPEE B. MACALE

INSTRUCTOR