Ultrasonic

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Non-Destructive Testing Qualification Guidelines LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING (PT) Liquid Penetrant Testing Level 1 Liquid Penetrant Testing Level 1 (PT-1) General Examination Liquid Penetrant Testing Level 1 (PT-1) Specific Examination Liquid Penetrant Testing Level 1 (PT-1) Answers to Questions Liquid Penetrant Testing Level 2 Liquid
Penetrant Testing Level 2 (PT-2) General Examination Liquid Penetrant Testing Level 2 (PT-2) Specific Examination Liquid Penetrant Testing Level 2 (PT-2) Answers to Questions MAGNETIC PARTICLES TESTING (MT) Magnetic Particles Testing Level 1 Magnetic Particles Testing Level 1 (MT-1) General Examination Magnetic Particles Testing Level
1 (MT-1) Specific Examination Magnetic Particle Testing Level 1 (MT-1) Answers to Questions Magnetic Particles Testing Level 2 Magnetic Particles Testing Level 2 (MT-2) General Examination Magnetic Particles Testing Level 2 (MT-2) Specific Examination Magnetic Particle Testing Level 2 (MT-2) Answers to Questions RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
(RT) Radiographic Testing Level 1 Radiographic Testing Level 1 (RT-1) General Examination Radiographic Testing Level 1 (RT-1) Specific Examination Radiographic Testing Level 1 (RT-1) Answers to questions Radiographic Testing Level 2 Radiographic Testing Level 2 (RT-2) General Examination Radiographic Testing Level 2 (RT-2) Specific
Examination Radiographic Testing Level 2 (RT-2) Answers to questions ULTRASONIC TESTING (UT) Ultrasonic Testing Level 1 Ultrasonic Testing Level 1 (UT-1) General Examination Ultrasonic Testing Level 1 (UT-1) Specific Examination Ultrasonic Testing Level 1 (UT-1) Answers to Questions Ultrasonic Testing Level 2 Ultrasonic Testing Level 2
(UT-2) General Examination Ultrasonic Testing Level 2 (UT-2) Specific Examination Ultrasonic Testing Level 2 (UT-2) Answers to Questions This new edition of the bestselling QA/QC and Engineering Inspectors Handbook brings together all aspects of the design and implementation of Instrumentation Aramco based Questions and answers. Reflecting
the current state of the art, it describes the use of standards for control purposes. Computer Based Test (CBT), Offline Quiz database available in our QCS-Tech. Interested person commend and sent your details the CUSTOMER review box. July 4, 2020 October 30, 2020 June 29, 2020 Page 1 of 6 Pallakki NDT Excellence Center Visit Us at:
www.pallakkindt.com *For reference only. PNEC not responsible for errors and omissions in the data if any. Model Questions For UT Level – II 1. The velocity of longitudinal waves will be highest in: a. Water b. Air c. Aluminum d. Plastic 2. Angle of beam divergence will change if, a. Frequency and size of the probe are changed b. Type and length of
the cable are changed c.

Gain and pulsar voltage of the flaw are changed d. All of the above 3. The velocity of Rayleigh waves in a material depends on a. The frequency of the waves b. The wavelength of the waves c. The elastic properties of the material d. The method of generation of the Rayleigh waves. 4.

Lamb waves can be used for testing a. An aluminum plate 50 mm thick b. A low alloy steel pipe with 50 mm OD and 47 ID c. A stainless steel casting 300 mm thick d. All of the above 5. When normal beam testing from the end face of a longer bar of square cross section was carried out, small echoes were obtained immediately after the first back echo.
These echoes are most probably due to a. Poor coupling b. Resonance c. High frequency d.
Side wall reflections 6. Resolution of two defects lying close each other thickness direction depends on a. The range for which the flaw detector is calibrated b. The flaw detector alone c. The probe alone d. The combination of flaw detector and probe 7. A copper bar and a brass bar have same grain size. When inspected by 2 MHz longitudinal waves
the two bars will have in general a. Same attenuation coefficient b.

Different attenuation coefficients c. Same attenuation coefficients if their diameters are same d. Same of different attenuation coefficient depending on the probe diameter 8. When calibration was re-checked during inspection, it was found that the gain had decreased by 10 dB. In this case which of the following is true? a. The recorded data are not
valid, and reinspection should be done b. The recorded data are valid in case highly damped probe was used c. The recorded data are valid provided that the echo heights are recalculated Page 2 of 6 Pallakki NDT Excellence Center Visit Us at: www.pallakkindt.com *For reference only. PNEC not responsible for errors and omissions in the data if
any. d. The recorded data are valid provided the defect metal paths are recalculated e. Only the recorded indications are to be rechecked and reevaluated 9. A 90 mm thick mild steel plate is overlaid with 10 mm stainless steel. To detect lack of bond, inspection is done from the carbon steel side.

The most suitable metal path range for this case will be, a. 0-150 mm b. 0-100 mm c. 85-095 mm d. 90-100 mm 10.
ASTM distance amplitude set of blocks is primarily meant for obtaining, a. DAC curve b. Area amplitude curve c. Resolving power d. Vertical linearity 11. The smallest range (steel) for which the flaw detector can be calibrated for angle beam using V-2 block is a. 25 mm b. 50 mm c. 75 mm d. 100 mm 12. For setting metal path range for angle beam
using V-1 or V-2 blocks, one should have previous knowledge of a. The probe index point b. The beam angle c. Both a and b d. Neither a nor b 13. Which of the following is /are service induced defects a.
Lamination b. Fatigue cracks c. Corrosion cracks d. None of the above e.

Both b and c 14. Which of the following displays gives a top view of plan view of the defect a. A scan b. B scan c. C scan d. D scan 15. The size of the flaw determined by using DCS diagram is a. The exact size of the flaw b. The size of the flat disc shaped defect at the same depth as the flaw which would give same height of echo as the natural flaw c.
The size of cylindrical shaped defects situated at the same depth as the flaw which would give same height of echo as the natural flaw. d. None of the above. 16. For accurate sizing of a flaw based on comparison of heights, the instrument should have Page 3 of 6 Pallakki NDT Excellence Center Visit Us at: www.pallakkindt.com *For reference only.
PNEC not responsible for errors and omissions in the data if any. a. Good sweep linearity b. Good amplifier linearity c. Good resolution d. Good penetration power 17. To detect root cracks in a single V butt weld which of the following is most suitable? a. a high frequency normal beam probe b. a highly damped probe c. a 45 0 angle beam probe d. a 60
0 angle beam probe 18. Which of the following modes of vibration are quickly damped out when testing by the immersion method? a. Longitudinal wave b. Shear waves c. Transfers waves d. Surface waves 19. During normal beam inspection, a severe reduction of back echo without any defect indication was obtained. This may be due to. a. Large
defect parallel to the scanning surface b. A large defect inclined at a large angle to the scanning surface. c. A small cavity d. All of the above. 20. In contact testing, defects near the entry surface cannot always be detected because of, a.
The far-field effect b. Attenuation c. The dead zone d. Refraction 21. Which of the following will give best resolution? a. Highly damped probe b. Low frequency probe c.
Large angle probe d. Probe with hard protective coating 22.
Where does beam divergence occur? a. Near field b. Far field c. At the crystal d. None of the above 23. As transducer diameter decreases, the beam spred a. Decreased b. Remains the same c. Increases d. Becomes conical in shape 24. In order to find the smallest discontinuity during UT, one should use a. The lowest frequency possible b. The highest
frequency possible c. The smallest probe possible 1. An ultrasonic beam's divergence is determined by:(a) Transducer wavelength and diameter(b) Test specimen density(c) The sound wave's angle of incidence(d) The degree of damping of the ultrasonic transducer2. When a longitudinal wave strikes an inclined interface between zero and the first
critical angle, the following happens:(a) The sound beam is totally reflected(b) Only shear waves are produced in the second material(c) Shear waves and longitudinal waves are produced in the second material(d) Only longitudinal waves are produced in the second material3. The piezoelectric material that vibrates to produce ultrasonic waves in a
search unit is known as:(a) A backing material(b) A lucite wedge(c) A transducer element or crystal(d) A couplant4. When a longitudinal wave is incident upon an inclined interface and is refracted at ninety degrees, the angle of the incident longitudinal wave is called:(a) The Snell constant(b) The Snell angle(c) The mode conversion constant(d) The
first critical angle5. When a longitudinal wave sound beam passes through an acoustic interface at someangle other than zero degrees:(a) Surface waves are generated(b) Plate waves are generated(c) Reflection, refraction and mode conversion will occur(d) The first critical angle is reached6. Which of the following can be a source of spurious
ultrasonic signals?(a) Surface roughness of the test piece(b) Mode conversion within the test piece(c) Shape or contour of the test piece(d) All of the above7. A noisy base line, or hash may result in:(a) Laminations in the test piece(b) Discontinuities at an angle to the test piece surface(c) Large grain size(d) Fatigue cracks8. Sound waves which travel
on the surface of a solid in a manner similar to waves on awater surface are called:(a) Rayleigh waves(b) Shear waves(c) Primary waves(d) Compression waves9.
Lamb waves are formed in a part which has:(a) A thickness greater that about ten wavelengths(b) A thickness approximately equal to the wavelength(c) Low acoustic impedance compared to the transducer crystal material(d) A thickness of about four wavelengths10. Which type(s) of sound wave modes will propagate through liquids?(a)
Longitudinal(b) Shear(c) Surface(d) All of the above11. When the motion of the particles of a medium is transverse to the direction ofpropagation, the wave being transmitted is called a:(a) Longitudinal wave(b) Shear wave(c) Surface wave(d) Lamb wave12. Which of the following test frequencies would generally provide the best penetrationin a 12
inch thick specimen of coarse-grained steel?(a) 1.0 MHz(b) 2.25 MHz(c) 5.0 MHz(d) 10 MHz13. An oscilloscope display in which the screen base line is adjusted to represent the oneway distance in a test piece is called a:(a) A scan display(b) B scan display(c) C scan display(d) D scan display14. A common use of ultrasonic testing is:(a) Cleaning(b)
Detecting of sub-surface indications(c) Determination of the test piece ductility(d) Communications15. Sound waves of a frequency beyond the hearing range of the human ear are referredto as ultrasonic waves or vibrations, and the term embraces all vibrational waves offrequency greater than approximately:(a) 20 kHz(b) 2 MHz(c) 2 kHz(d) 200
kHz16. Y cut crystals produce:(a) Longitudinal waves(b) Shear waves(c) Lamb waves(d) Surface waves17. The cable that connects the ultrasonic instrument to the search unit is speciallydesigned so that one conductor is centred inside another. The technical name for sucha cable is:(a) BX cable(b) Conduit(c) Coaxial cable(d) Ultrasonic conductor
cable grade 2018. As ultrasonic frequency increases:(a) Wavelength increases(b) Wavelength decreases(c) Sound velocity increases(d) Sound velocity decreases19. In an A scan presentation, the amplitude of vertical indications on the screenrepresents the:(a) Amount of ultrasonic sound energy returning to the search unit(b) Distance travelled by the
search unit(c) Thickness of material being tested(d) Elapsed time since the ultrasonic pulse was generated20. Loss of the test piece back wall echo during scanning may be caused by:(a) An abnormally homogeneous material structure(b) A smooth entry surface on the test piece(c) A discontinuity which is not parallel to the entry surface(d) An opposite
surface which is parallel to the entry surface21. When a sound beam is reflected:(a) The angle of reflection is found using Snell's law(b) The angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence(c) All the sound energy is reflected unless the acoustic impedance is zero(d) Beam spread is decreased22. Which of the following circuits converts electrical
energy to ultrasonic energy?(a) The pulse generator(b) The transducer(c) The transformer(d) The power supply23.
An instrument display in which the horizontal base line represents elapsed time andthe vertical deflection represents signal amplitudes is called:(a) A scan(b) B scan(c) C scan(d) A time line display24. Which of the following circuits provides short duration, high energy pulses which areused to excite the transducer?(a) The pulse generator(b) The
amplifier(c) The transducer(d) The clock 1. Which of the following may result in a long narrow rod if the beam divergence results in a reflection from a side of the test piece before the sound wave reaches the back surface?(a) Multiple indications before the first back reflection(b) Indications from multiple surface reflections(c) Conversion from the
longitudinal mode to shear mode(d) Loss of front surface indications2.
Acoustic energy propagates in different modes. Which of the following represent a mode?(a) Longitudinal wave(b) Shear wave(c) Surface wave(d) All of the above3. Which of the following would be considered application(s) of ultrasonic testing?(a) Determination of a material’s elastic modulus(b) Study of a material’s metallurgical structure(c)
Measurement of a material’s thickness(d) All of the above4. Waves whose particle displacement is parallel to the direction of propagation arecalled:(a) Longitudinal waves(b) Shear waves(c) Lamb waves(d) Rayleigh waves5. Sound waves with particle displacement transverse to the direction of wave travel areknown as:(a) Longitudinal waves(b) Shear
waves(c) Rayleigh waves(d) Plate waves6. The only sound waves which travel in liquids are:(a) Longitudinal waves(b) Shear waves(c) Rayleigh waves(d) Plate waves7. In steel, the velocity of sound is greatest in which of the following modes ofvibration?(a) Longitudinal(b) Shear(c) Surface wave(d) Sound velocity is identical in all modes, in a given
material8. The scattering of the rays of an ultrasonic beam due to reflection from a highlyirregular surface is called:(a) Angulation(b) Dispersion(c) Refraction(d) Diffraction9.
Acoustic impedance is a material's:(a) (Density)/(velocity)(b) (Density) × (velocity)(c) Refractive index(d) (Density)/(refractive index)10. When a sound beam is incident on an acoustic interface at some angle other thannormal incidence, which of the following occurs?(a) Reflection(b) Refraction(c) Mode conversion(d) All of the above11. The angle
formed by an ultrasonic wave as it enters a medium of different velocitythan the one from which it came and a line drawn perpendicular to the interfacebetween the two media is called:(a) The angle of incidence(b) The angle of refraction(c) The angle of diffraction(d) The angle of reflection12.
Which of the following frequencies would probably result in the greatest ultrasonicattenuation losses?(a) 1 MHz(b) 2.25 MHz(c) 10 MHz(d) 25 MHz13. Attenuation is made up of:(a) Diffusion and absorption(b) Scatter and reflection(c) Absorption and scatter(d) Reflection at grain boundaries14.
The most important factor required for the proper interpretation of ultrasonic testresults is:(a) The ultrasonic signal amplitude(b) A knowledge of the test specimen material and its construction(c) A knowledge of the ultrasonic instruments operating characteristics(d) The ultrasonic signal location15. A significant limitation of a lower frequency, single
element transducer is:(a) Scatter of sound beam due to microstructure of test object(b) Increased grain noise or ‘hash’(c) Less beam spread(d) Impaired ability to display discontinuities just below the entry surface16. Which of the following is the least efficient generator of ultrasonic waves:(a) Quartz(b) Lithium sulphate(c) Lead metaniobate(d)
Barium titanate17. Which of the following is the least efficient receiver of ultrasonic Energy?(a) Quartz(b) Lithium sulphate(c) Lead metaniobate(d) Barium titanate18. The length of the zone adjacent to a transducer in which fluctuations in soundpressure occur is mostly affected by:(a) The frequency of the transducer(b) The diameter of the
transducer(c) The length of transducer cable(d) Both (a) and (b)19.
An advantage of using a transducer with a large beam spread is:(a) Higher sensitivity to small discontinuities(b) Less likelihood of spurious echoes(c) Greater likelihood of spurious echoes(d) Greater likelihood of detecting randomly oriented discontinuities20. Resolution is inversely proportional to:(a) Wavelength(b) Crystal thickness(c) Bandwidth(d)
Mechanical losses21.
Of the piezoelectric materials listed below, the most efficient sound transmitter is:(a) Lithium sulphate(b) Quartz(c) Barium titanate(d) Silver oxide22. Other factors being equal, which of the following transducers would have the greatestbeam spread?(a) A larger diameter transducer(b) A smaller diameter transducer(c) A higher frequency
transducer(d) None of the above has any effect23.
The fundamental frequency of a piezoelectric crystal is primarily a function of:(a) The length of the applied voltage pulse(b) The amplifying characteristics of the pulse amplifier in the instrument(c) The thickness of the crystal(d) None of the above24.
In which zone does the amplitude of an indication from a given discontinuitydiminish exponentially as the distance increases?(a) Far field zone(b) Near field zone(c) Dead zone(d) Fresnel zone25.
A typical application for a through transmission technique is:(a) Flaw depth sizing(b) Flaw depth location(c) Thickness measuring(d) Bond/lack of bond testing26. An advantage of a dual crystal search unit is that:(a) There is no ‘dead zone’(b) There is no near surface resolution(c) There is no near field(d) All of the above are true27. Most contact
testing is performed by which of the following techniques?(a) Through transmission(b) Pitch-catch(c) Pulse-echo(d) Continuous wave28. When contouring an angle beam wedge for a convex surface, an undesirable result ofa wedge which is contoured too well might be:(a) Production of unwanted surface waves(b) Greater beam divergence due to
larger contact area(c) Lower beam divergence due to larger contact area(d) Overly efficient coupling of sound beam into test part29.
It is possible for a discontinuity smaller than the transducer to produce indications offluctuating amplitude as the search unit is moved laterally if testing is beingperformed in the:(a) Fraunhofer zone(b) Near field(c) Snell field(d) Shadow zone30. A smooth flat discontinuity whose major plane is not perpendicular to the direction ofsound propagation
may be indicated by:(a) An echo amplitude comparable in magnitude to the back surface reflection(b) A complete loss of back surface reflection(c) An echo amplitude larger in magnitude than the back surface reflection(d) All of the above31. An effective method of testing for air bubbles in a pipe is to:(a) Measure pipe back wall echo amplitude(b)
Analyze the frequency spectrum of pipe back wall echo(c) Transmit sound across pipe diameter and look for echo loss(d) Transmit sound across pipe diameter and look for echoes from air bubbles32. The ultrasonic test method in which finger damping is most effective in locating adiscontinuity is:(a) Shear wave(b) Longitudinal wave(c) Surface
wave(d) Compression wave33. Inspection of castings is often impractical because of:(a) Extremely small grain structure(b) Coarse grain structure(c) Uniform flow lines(d) Uniform velocity of sound34.
One of the most common applications of ultrasonic tests employing shear waves isthe:(a) Detection of discontinuities in welds, tube and pipe(b) Determination of elastic properties of metallic products(c) Detection of laminar discontinuities in heavy plate(d) Measurement of thickness of thin plate35. The 2 mm wide notch in the IIW block is used to:(a)
Determine beam index point(b) Check resolution(c) Calibrate angle beam distance(d) Check beam angle36. A primary purpose of a reference standard is:(a) To provide a guide for adjusting instrument controls to reveal discontinuitiesthat are considered harmful to the end use of the product(b) To give the technician a tool for determining exact
discontinuity size(c) To provide assurance that all discontinuities smaller than a certain specifiedreference reflector are capable of being detected by the test(d) To provide a standard reflector which exactly simulates natural discontinuitiesof a critical size37. Laminations would most likely be encountered in which of the following productforms?(a)
Forgings(b) Hot rolled plate(c) Castings(d) Welds38. A 50 percent decrease in echo amplitude is equal to a loss of how many decibels?(a) 2(b) 6(c) 10(d) 1439. Typical frequencies which might be used to perform ultrasonic testing of concreteare:(a) 25 to 100 kHz(b) 200 kHz to 5 MHz(c) 1 MHz to 5 MHz(d) 2.25 MHz to 10 MHz40. Compared to the
echo returned from a smooth reflector, the echo returned from anatural flaw of the same area and orientation is:(a) The same(b) Greater(c) Smaller(d) Not related to41. Which of the following is least likely to be a source of false indications?(a) Discontinuities oriented at an angle to the entry surface(b) Contoured surfaces(c) Edge effects(d) Surface
condition42. Abnormally large grain size in the test material may be indicated by:(a) High levels of baseline noise, or hash(b) High amplitude reflections between front and back surface echoes(c) High amplitude, spurious echoes which are not repeatable(d) Abnormally high back surface echo43.
The coated inside surface of the large end of a cathode ray tube which becomesluminous when struck by an electron beam is called:(a) An electron gun(b) An electron amplifier(c) A CRT screen(d) An electron counter by Edward A.
Ginzel * edited by Rolf Diederichs * Acknowledgement: Materials Research Institute Canada are thanked for permission to use their Q&A of the NDT TestMaker software CD-ROM. |Quiz Main Page| Click on the results button when you're done Welding Institute, Procedures and Recommendations for the Ultrasonic Testing of Buttwelds, Welding
Institute, London, 1971 Ensiminger,D., Ultrasonics, Fundamentals, Techniques, Applications, 2nd Edition, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York , 1988 Hartford Steam Boiler and Insurance Co., Technical Data Handbook, Hartford, 1982 Canadian Government Specifications Board, Recommended Procedures for Ultrasonic Inspection of Butt Welds, Ottawa,
1970 Australian Standard 1929 - 1981, Glossary of Terms Used in Nondestructive Testing, Standards Association of Australia, North Sydney, 1981 |UTonline Forum| |Quiz Main Page| |NDTnet| Rolf Diederichs 1. Apr 1998, info@ndt.net.de