Professional Documents
Culture Documents
& CORPORATE REPORTING
Time allowed – 3 hours
Total marks – 100
[N.B. – The figures in the margin indicate full marks. Questions must be answered in English. Examiner will
take account of the quality of language and of the way in which the answers are presented. Different
parts, if any, of the same question must be answered in one place in order of sequence.]
Marks
1. (a) As a financial controller, in relation to implementation of accounting policies of your company,
prepare a note for your finance director on the following: 6
(i) the concept of `fair presentation’ and comparing it with `true and fair view’.
(ii) the concept of `substance over form’ and its relationship to `fair presentation’.
(iii) the circumstances in which non‐compliance with detailed provisions of an accounting
standard is justified.
(b) Explain what is meant by the critical event in relation to revenue recognition and discuss the
criteria used in the “Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements
(Framework)” for determining when a gain or loss arises, and how they should be reported? 4
(c) The Pears Company operates a mobile phone network. On 1 January 2010 it introduced a new
retail package which combined a `free’ mobile phone, an annual airtime subscription to the
network and 80 `free’ minutes per month. Customers will pay Tk.140 per quarter payable in
advance on the first day of each quarter.
The mobile phone has a retail value of Tk.220 and the annual airtime subscription to the
network is sold separately at Tk.50.
Pears have detailed historical records of `free’ minute usage on other price plans. On average 720 of
`free’ minutes are used each year by customers. Each `free’ minute has an average call charge value
of Tk.1 if paid for separately. The expected usage of `free’ minutes by quarter are as follows:
Quarter Minutes
January to March 175
April to June 125
July to September 190
October to December 230
720
Requirement:
In accordance with BAS 18 Revenue, calculate the following amounts for a customer who
subscribes to a retail package on 1 January 2010:
(i) The revenue recognized in respect of the mobile phone sale on 1 January. 3
(ii) The revenue recognized for the airtime subscription and `free’ minutes in the six months to
30 June 2010. 3
(iii) The asset or liability recognized in the statement of financial position of Pears on 30 June
2010 in respect of the contract. 4
2. (a) Do the buildings referred to in (i) – (iv) below meet the definition of investment property? 8
(i) An entity has a factory that has been shut down due to chemical contamination, worker
unrest and strike. The entity plans to sell this factory.
(ii) An entity has purchased a building that it intends to lease out under an operating lease.
(iii) An entity has acquired a large‐scale office building, with the intention of enjoying its capital
appreciation. Rather than holding it empty, the entity has decided to try to recover its running
costs by renting the space out for periods which run from one week to one year. To make the
building attractive to potential customers, the entity has fitted the space out as small office
units, complete with full‐scale telecommunication facilities, and offers reception, cleaning, a
loud speaker system and secretarial services. The expenditure incurred in fitting out the offices
has been a substantial proportion of the value of the building.
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(iv) An entity acquired a site on 30 April 20X4 with intention of building office blocks to let. After
receiving planning permission, construction started on 1 September 20X4 and was
completed at a cost of Tk.10 Mn on 30 March 20X5 at which point the building was ready for
occupation. The building remained vacant for several months and the entity incurred
significant operating losses during this period.
The first leases were signed in July 20X5 and the building was not fully let until 1 September 20X6.
(b) On 1 January 20X6, The Raz & Company acquired an investment property for which it paid Tk.3.1
Mn and incurred Tk.100,000 agency and legal costs. The property’s useful life was estimated at
20 years, with no residual value; its fair value at 31 December 20X6 was estimated at Tk.3.45Mn
and agency and legal costs to dispose of the property at that date were estimated at Tk.167,500.
On 1 July 20X7 Raz & Company decided to dispose of the property. The criteria for being
classified as held for sale were met on that date, when the property’s fair value was Tk.3.5Mn.
Agency and legal costs to dispose of the property were estimated at Tk.160,000.
On 1 October 20X7 the property was sold for a gross price of Tk.3.7 Mn, with agency and legal
costs for Tk.165,000 being incurred.
Requirement:
Calculate the following amounts in respect of Raz financial statements for the year ended 31
December 20X7 in accordance with BAS 40 Investment Property, and BFRS 5 Non‐current Assets
Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations.
i. The gain or loss arising in 20X6 from the change in carrying amount if the fair value model is
used to account for the property. 4
ii. The gain or loss on disposal arising in 20X7 if the cost model is used. 3
iii. The increase or decrease compared with the cost model, in the gain or loss on disposal
arising in 20X7 if the fair value model is used. 3
3. (a) The XYZ Company appointed Mr. P as finance director late in 20X7. One of P’s initial tasks was to
ensure a thorough review was carried out of XYZ’s accounting policies and their application in
the preparation of XYZ’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December
20X6. This review identified the following issues in relation to the 20X6 consolidated financial
statements which were approved for publication early in 20X7.
i. The Tk.840,000 year end carrying amount of a major item of plant in a wholly‐owned
subsidiary comprised costs incurred up to 31 December 20X6. Depreciation was charged
from 1 January 20X7 when the item was for the first time working at normal capacity. The
depreciation charge takes account of residual value of Tk.50,000 on 30 September 20Y4, the
end of the item’s useful life. The overall construction and installation of the item was
completed on 30 September 20X6, when the item was first in full working order. Between 1
October and 31 December 20X6 the item was running below normal capacity as employees
learnt how to operate it. The year‐end carrying amount comprises: costs incurred to 30
September 20X6 of Tk.800,000 plus costs incurred in October to December 20X6 of
Tk.50,000 less Tk.10,000 sales proceeds of the output sold in October to December.
ii. On 1 January 20X6 XYZ acquired a 30% interest in the ABC Company for Tk.240,000 which it
classified in its consolidated financial statements as an available‐for‐sale investment under
BAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, despite XYZ having
representation of ABC’s Board of Directors. ABC’s shares are dealt in on a public market and
the year end carrying amount of Tk.360,000 was derived using the market price quoted on
that date. The fair value increase of Tk.90,000 (360,000‐240,000 less 35% deferred tax) was
recognized in an available‐for‐sale reserve in equity. In its year ended 20X6 ABC earned a
post tax profit of Tk.80,000 and paid no dividend.
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iii. At 31 December 20X6 the total trade receivables in a 60% owned subsidiary was Tk.360,000
according to the accounting records, while the separate list of customers’ balances totaled
Tk.430,000. The accounting records were adjusted by adding the difference to both the
carrying amount of trade receivables and revenue. It was revealed that the difference arose
from double counting certain customers’ balances when taken the list out.
The 20X6 consolidated financial statements showed Tk.400,000 as the carrying amount of
retained earnings at the year end. The effect of taxation is immaterial in respect of the item
of plant and the trade receivables adjustment.
Requirement:
Determine the following amounts for inclusion as comparative figures in XYZ’s 20X7
consolidated financial statements after the adjustments required by BAS 8 Accounting Policies,
Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors.
(i) The carrying amount of the item of plant at 31 December 20X6. 4
(ii) The increase/decrease in equity at 31 December 20X6 in respect of the investment in ABC. 4
(iii) The carrying amount of retained earnings at 31 December 20X6. 4
(b) A company leased an asset to another company on the following terms:
Lease terms 4 years
Inception of lease 1.1.X1
Annual installment in advance Tk.22,000
Residual value of assets as guaranteed by lessee Tk.10,000
Expected residual value at end of lease Tk.12,000
Fair value of the asset Tk.82,966
Initial direct costs incurred by the lessor Tk. 700
Interest rate implicit in the lease 11%
Requirements:
(i) Calculate the unguaranteed residual value and the net investment in the lease as at 1 January
20X1. 4
(ii) Prepare extracts from the financial statements of the lessor for the year ended 31.12.X1
(excluding notes). 3
(c) (i) Bahar Company has an item of land carried in its books at Tk.13,000. Two years ago a slump
in land values led the company to reduce the carrying value from Tk.15,000. This was
recorded as an expense. There has been a surge in land prices in the current year, however,
and the land is now worth Tk.20,000.
(ii) In the example given above assume that the original cost was Tk.15,000, revalued upwards
to Tk.20,000 two years ago. The value has now fallen to Tk.13,000.
(iii) Crinkle Company bought an asset for Tk.10,000 at the beginning of 20X6. It had a useful life
of five years. On 1 January 20X8 the asset was revalued to Tk.12,000. The expected useful
life has remained unchanged (i.e. three years remain).
Requirements: 6
i. Account for the revaluation in the current year
ii. Account for the decrease in value
iii. Account for the revaluation and state the treatment for depreciation from 20X8 onwards.
4. Star is a diversified holding company that is looking to acquire a suitable engineering company. Two
private limited engineering companies, C and D, are available for sale. The summarized financial
statements for the year to 31 March 2011 of both companies are as follows:
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C D
Tk ‘000 Tk ‘000 Tk ‘000 Tk ‘000
Sales revenues (note i) 3,000 4,400
Opening inventory 450 720
Purchases (note ii) 2,030 3,080
2,480 3,800
Closing inventory (540) (1,940) (850) (2,950)
Gross profit 1,060 1,450
Operating expenses 480 964
Debenture interest 90 Nil
Overdraft interest (note v) Nil (560) 10 (974)
Net profit 500 476
Balance Sheet:
C D
Non‐current Assets Tk ‘000 Tk ‘000 Tk ‘000 Tk ‘000
Property (note iii) 1,140 1,900
Plant (note iv) 1,200 1,200
2,340 3,100
Current Assets
Inventory 540 850
Accounts Receivable 522 750
Bank 20 1,082 nil 1,600
3,422 4,700
Equity and Liabilities:
Equity share of Tk.1 each 1,000 500
Reserves:
Revaluation reserve Nil 700
Accumulated profits 1 April 2010 684 1,912
Profit for the year to 31 Mar 2011 500 1,184 476 2,388
2,184 3,588
Non‐current Liabilities:
10 Debenture 800 Nil
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable 438 562
Overdraft nil 438 550 1,112
Total equity and liabilities 3,422 4,700
Star bases its preliminary assessment of target companies on certain key ratios. These are listed
below together with the relevant figures for C and D calculated from the above financial statements:
C D
Return on Capital employed
(500+80) / (2,184+800) x 100 19.4% (476/3,588) x 100 13.3%
Asset turnover (3,000/2,984) 1.01 Times (4,400/3,588) 1.23 times
Gross profit margin 35.3% 33%
Net profit margin 16.7% 10.8%
Accounts receivable collection period 64 days 62 days
Accounts payable payment period 79 days 67 days
Note: Capital employed is defined as shareholders’ funds plus long‐term debt at the year end; asset
turnover is sales revenues divided by gross assets less current liabilities.
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Notes:
(i) C is part of MGH Group. On 1 March 2011 it was permitted by its holding company to sell goods
at a price of Tk.500,000 to BFS, a fellow subsidiary. C’s normal selling price for these goods
would have been Tk.375,000. In addition BFS was instructed to pay for the goods immediately. C
normally allows a three month payment period to customers.
(ii) On 1 January 2011 purchased Tk.275,000 (cost price to C) of its materials from Advent, another
member of the MGH group. Advent was also instructed to depart from its normal trading terms
that would have resulted in a charge of Tk.300,000 to C for these goods. The Group’s Finance
Director also authorized a four month payment period on this sale. Normal payment terms in
this industry would be to receive two months credit from suppliers. C had sold all of these goods
at the year end.
(iii) Non‐current assets:
Details relating to the two companies non‐current assets at 31 March 2011 are:
Requirements:
(a) Restate the financial statements of C and D for the year to 31 March 2011 in order that they
may be considered comparable for decision making purposes. State any assumptions you make. 12
(b) Recalculate the key ratios used by Star and, together with any other relevant points, comment
on how the revised ratios may affect the relative assessment of the two companies. 8
(c) Discuss whether the information in notes (i) to (v) above would be publicly available, and if so,
describe its sources. 5
5. You are the financial controller of HL Ltd. The following is an extract from the operating and financial
review of HL for the year ended 31 December 2008.
Financial instruments
HL does not trade in financial instruments. All financial instruments are acquired and disposed of in
accordance with risk management guidelines approved by the board of directors.
Financial assets are derecognized when the rights to receive benefits have expired or been
transferred. Financial liabilities are derecognized when the obligation is extinguished.
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HL has classified its financial instruments in accordance with BAS 39 as follows:
Non‐derivative financial assets
Loan made for investment purposes and trade receivables are classified as loans and receivables.
Equity and non‐equity investments (other than loans, interest in subsidiaries, associates and joint
ventures) are classified as available for sale.
The held‐to‐maturity classification is not used by HL as the directors’ policies include criteria for
monitoring and disposing of any investments and there is no positive intention to hold any
investment to maturity.
Non‐derivative financial liabilities
Borrowings, the liability component of convertible instruments and trade payables are classified as
other liabilities.
Derivatives
Derivatives, comprising foreign exchange contract, interest rate swaps and commodity options are
classified as held for trading.
The following events have occurred during the year ended 31 December 2009.
(i) HL reacquired 25,000 of its own Tk. 10 ordinary shares for Tk. 300,000 cash on 1 June 2009. The
shares had been issued at a premium of 10% many years ago.
(ii) HL acquired 60% of the issued ordinary share capital of LP on 13 March 2009 for Tk. 400,000
cash. Professional fees of Tk. 3000 were incurred. The fair value of the 60% holding has been
estimated at Tk.440,000 at 31 December 2009.
(iii) HL acquired 20,000 shares in RL ltd on 1 June 2009. The shares are quoted and the share price at
the time was Tk. 23 to Tk.25. Broker fees were immaterial. RL shares are quoted from Tk. 30 to
Tk.32 at 31 December 2009.
(iv) HL acquired an interest rate swap for Tk. 200,000 on 1 December 2009. It was sold on 31
December 2009 for Tk. 225,000. A member of the treasury staff has told you, “We bought it as
we had a tip that we could make a quick profit on swaps in the current market”.
(v) HL had acquired an equity security in 2005. At 31 December 2008 the fair value of the equity
was Tk.300,000 and the cumulative gains held in the available for sale reserve in equity in
respect of the investment was Tk.270,000. On 27 December 2009 the equity security was sold
for Tk.320,000. You recall signing a payment to acquire a similar security on 4 January 2010 for
Tk.325,000. On further investigation you reacquired the equity security from the same party
that you originally sold it to and the market value at the same time of repurchase was
Tk.315,000.
Requirements:
a) Explain the required accounting treatment for these events in HL’s financial statements for
the year ended 31 December 2009. 10
b) Discuss the ethical issues identified as part of your review and the actions you should
consider. 2
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