PROBABILITY

⋃ = or
⋂ = and
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑙𝑖𝑘𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
P (event) = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑙𝑖𝑘𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

P(A’) = 1 – P(A)
Note: P(A’) = probabilities of A complement → P (not A)

P (A⋃B)’ = P (A’ ⋂ B’)

P (A⋂B)’ = P (A’ ⋃ B’)

Mutually Exclusive Events

P (A⋃B) = P(A) + P (B) – P (A⋂B)

Mutually Exclusive Events (no common favourable outcomes)

P (A⋃B) = P(A) + P (B)

Independent Events
P (A⋂B) = P(A) x P (B)

Conditional Probability
Probability of event A occuring given that event B has occured
𝑃 (𝐵⋂A)
P (A/B) = 𝑃(𝐵)
Probability of event B occuring given that event A has occured
𝑃 (𝐴⋂B)
P (B/A) = 𝑃(𝐴)

Bertha Araminta©
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION

n! = n x (n – 1) x ( n – 2) x ……
0! = 1
Permutation (arranged)
a way of selecting and arranging objects in a particular order
𝑛!
nPr = (𝑛−𝑟)!
Permutations of objects with repetitions
𝑛!
nP q, r, s = 𝑞! 𝑟! 𝑠!

Circular permutation
(n-1)!

Combination (chosen and selected)

a way of selecting objects in no particular order.
𝑛!
nCk = 𝑘! (𝑛−𝑘)!

Bertha Araminta©