Science,

Technology and
Nation Building
 Pre-Spanish period
• natives of the archipelago already had
practices linked to science and
technology.
• already aware of the medicinal and
therapeutic properties of plants and
the methods of extracting medicine
from herbs.
• had an alphabet, number system, a
weighing and measuring system and a
calendar. already engaged in farming,
shipbuilding, mining and weaving.
The Banaue Rice Terraces are among the sophisticated
products of engineering by pre-Spanish era Filipinos
 Pre-Colonial period
• Spanish introduced formal
education and founded scientific
institution.
• Parish schools were established
where religion, reading, writing,
arithmetic and music was taught.
• The Spanish also contributed to the
field of engineering in the islands
by constructing government
buildings, churches, roads, bridges
and forts.
 American Period and post
commonwealth era
• On July 1, 1901 The Philippine
Commission established the Bureau
of Government Laboratories which
was placed under the Department
of Interior.
• Science during the American period
was inclined towards agriculture,
food processing, medicine and
pharmacy.
 Marcos Era and Martial Law
• In the amended 1973 Philippine • He established the Philippine
Constitution, Article XV, Section 9 (1), Atmospheric Geophysical and
Marcos declared that the "advancement Astronomical Services Administration
of science and technology shall have (PAGASA) under the Department of
priority in the national development.” National Defense to provide
• In 1972, he created the National Grains environmental protection and to
Authority to provide for the development utilize scientific knowledge to ensure
of the rice and corn industry to fully the safety of the people. (Presidential
harness it for the economy of the country. Decree No. 78, s. 1972).
(Presidential Decree No. 4, s. 1972)
• created the Philippine National Oil
• established the Philippine Council for Company to promote industrial and
Agricultural Research to support the economic development through
progressive development of agriculture,
forestry, and fisheries for the nation. effective and efficient use of energy
sources.
 Marcos Era and Martial Law
• he enacted a law under Presidential • granted salary increases to the
Decree No. 1003-A, s. 1976 to people with teaching positions in
establish the National Academy of the Philippine Science High School
Science and Technology, which is due to their necessity in the
composed of scientists with advancement of national science.
"innovative achievement in the
basic and applied sciences,”
• created the National Committee on
Geological Sciences to advise
government and private entities on
matters concerning development in
geological sciences.
 Fifth Republic
• Corazon Aquino's presidency, the • Joseph Estrada signed the
National Science and Technology Philippine Clean Air act of 1999 and
Authority was replaced by the Electric commerce act of 2000
Department of Science and • In Gloria Arroyo’s administration
Technology passed the biofuels act or R.A. 9367
• Health care services were • In Benigno Aquino’s administration,
promoted through local programs several scientists were awarded in
such as "Doctors to the Barrio different fields of sciences.
Program.” by Fidel Ramos
administration.
SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY Fields
• LIFE SCIENCE
• BOTANY AND BIOLOGY
• BIOTECHNOLOGY
• ENGINEERING
• AGRICULTURE AND AQUACULTURE
• METAL INDUSTRY
• FOOD AND NUTRITION
• ANTI CANCER RESEARCH
• FORESTRY
 LIFE SCIENCE
• commonly defined by sciences that pertain to living organisms like
microorganisms, plants, animals, and most importantly human
beings.
• In the Philippines, the various fields of the Life Sciences is under the
Department of Science and Technology (DOST). Philippine
Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
(PAGASA), Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
(PHIVOLCS), and the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic, and
Natural Resources Research Development (PCAARRD).
 BOTANY and Biology
• are two of the highly sought-after research topics in the Philippines,
given its rich biodiversity in flora and fauna.
• The Philippines is one of 18 mega-biodiverse countries of the world,
containing two-thirds of the earth’s biodiversity and between 70%
and 80% of the world’s plant and animal species.
• The Philippines ranks fifth in the number of plant species and
maintains 5% of the world’s flora.
• The Philippines is also one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots with at
least 700 threatened species, thus making it one of the top global
conservation areas.
 BIOTECHNOLOGY
• The Philippines Biofuel Act of 2006, RA 9376 mandates an increase of
the minimum 5% bioethanol blend (E5) in gasoline to 10% ethanol
blend.
• In 2011, 600 million liters of gasoline was consumed by car owners in
the Philippines, if the 10% bioethanol blend would be followed, this
would be equivalent to 1 million metric tons of sugar.
 ENGINEERING
• the field of science that applies both science and math to solve
problems. It concerns the use of technology in practical ways that can
advance the human condition. Some of the fields of engineering
include mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, civil
engineering, structural engineering, and industrial engineering.
• The National Engineering Center (NEC) was first established on
January 27, 1978 as the research arm of the University of the
Philippines College of Engineering.
 AGRICULTURE AND
AQUACULTURE
• Agriculture is the field in science wherein it concerns with the
different techniques of land cultivation, crop and livestock raising, or
otherwise, farming
• Developments regarding the research and technology of Philippine
agriculture are currently in the works. Most of the researches are
inclined in solving the problem of increasing hunger in the country by
creating a more efficient and cheaper process of yielding produce.
 METAL INDUSTRY
• This industry deals with the creation and innovation of metallic and
steel products. The metal/steel industry have shown remarkable
technological dynamism over the centuries and with the growing
product innovation, there have been a great significance on the
steels' economic and political influence.
• The Metal Industry Research and Development Center (MIRDC) is a
government agency under the Department of Science and Technology
that supports the local metals and engineering industry through
support services enhancing the industry's competitive advantage.
 FOOD AND NUTRITION
• Food science or nutritional science is the field of science studying the
nature of foods and the natural changes in them resulting from
handling and processing
• In the Philippines, food and nutrition research investigates the ideal
diet for Filipinos to solve the problem of malnutrition and the current
state of nutrition.
• The Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) is the principal
research arm of the Philippine government in food and nutrition.
 ANTI-CANCER RESEARCH
• Soybean is a very sought-after crop, as its by products are used to
generate bioethanol, and most importantly it is linked with cancer
research. During the past decade, soybean has been extensively
studied due to its 43-amino acid polypeptide called Lunasin. The anti-
cancer properties of Lunasin was first discovered by Dr Alfredo Galvez
and Dr. Benito de Lumen, both Filipino doctors, when they were
enhancing the nutritional properties of soy protein.
 FORESTRY
• The field of science that practice planting, managing and taking care
of trees. The governing body for the Philippine forestry is the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).
• The Philippines have an actual forest cover at 6.5 million hectares (ha)
or 24% of the total land area. A lot of Filipinos rely on these resources
for their survival.