SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY IN
THE BUILDING
OF FILIPINO
NATION
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this topic, students will be able to:

• Explain the role of Science and Technology in Philippine nation building;
• List noteworthy inventions, with their inventors, and give their major
contributions in shaping the Filipino nation;
• Identify science and technology policies of the government;
• Appraise the impact of these policies on the development of the Filipino
nation; and
• Recognize the need for balance between freedom and responsible
behaviour during the exchange of ideas
 TOPIC OUTLINE
Brief Historical Background of Science and Technology in the
Philippines

1 Pre-Colonial Period

2 Colonial Period

3 Post-Colonial
 1
PRE-COLONIAL
PERIOD
 1. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
Scientific knowledge is observed in the way they plant their crops
that provide them food, in taking care of animals to help them in
thair daily tasks, and for food production. They used science in
preparing the soil for agricultural purposes and like any other
ancient cultures, they discovered the medical uses for plants.

Technology is used by people in building houses, irrigations, and

in developing tools that they can use in everyday life.

A History of Science and Technology in the Philippines by Olivia C. Caoili Retrieved from:
https://tuxdoc.com/download/history-of-science-and-technology-inthe-philippines_pdf#download-require
 EXAMPLES OF
SCIENCE &
TECHNOLGY IN
PRE-COLONIAL
PERIOD
1. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

The use of technology is evident in the in

handicrafts, pottery, weaving, and tools used
by ancient Filipinos in their everyday life.
1. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

They also developed tools for planting,

hunting, cooking, fishing, and also for
fighting enemies during tribal conflicts.
1. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

They used indigenous technology in building

houses, irrigations and transportation, both on
land and on waterways.
 2
COLONIAL
PERIOD
 2. COLONIAL PERIOD

• When the Spaniards colonized the country, they established school for boys and
girls and introduced the concept of subject and disciplines.
• Medicine and advanced science were introduced in formal colleges and
universities established by the Catholic orders.
• The Americans established the public education system, improved the
engineering work, and the health conditions of the people. The University of
the Philippines was created.
• Researches where done to control malaria, cholera, and tuberculosis, and other
tropical diseases.
EXAMPLES OF
SCIENCE &
TECHNOLGY IN
COLONIAL
PERIOD
2. COLONIAL
PERIOD
 3
POST COLONIAL
PERIOD
 3. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD

 After achieving independence from the colonial masters, the Philippines,

under different administrations, continued to pursue programs in science
and technology.

 Since establishing its own republic, the whole nation has been focusing in
using its limited resources in improving its science and technology
capability.

 ODA or Overseas Development Allocations

 3. POST-COLONIAL PERIOD
Like in the history of science in other countries, the development of
science and technology in the Philippines has always been shaped by
human and other activities, both internal and external.

Internal Influences
• Survival
Development
• Cultural of Science
• Economic Activities and
Technology in
External Influences the
• Foreign colonizers Philippines
• Trades with Foreign
countries
• International
Economic Demands
Filipino Presidents and their Contributions in the
Development of Science and Technology in the
Philippines
 Pres. Carlos P. Garcia (1957 - 1961)

 lack of support of experimental work

 marginal budget for scientific research
 low salaries of scientists employed by the
government
 established the National Science Development
Board
 Pres. Ferdinand Marcos (1965 - 1986)

 directed the Department of Education to revitalize the

science courses in public high schools
 channelled additional funds to support projects in applied
sciences and science education
 he proclaimed 35 hectares in Bicutan, Taguig, Rizal as the
site of the Philippine Science Community
 scholarships for graduate and undergraduate science
scholars, and workshops on fisheries and oceanography
 Pres. Ferdinand Marcos (1965 - 1986)

 added the Philippine Coconut Research Institute to the

NSDB to modernize the coconut industry.
 support for the promotion of scientific research and
invention with Presidential Decree No. 49, s. 1972
 he enacted a law under Presidential Decree No. 1003-
A, s. 1976 to establish the National Academy of
Science and Technology
 Pres. Ferdinand Marcos (1965 - 1986)

 he enacted a law on the completion of the National

Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Complex at the
University of the Philippines at Los Baños (Executive
Order No. 840, s. 1982)
 he established the Mindanao and Visayas campuses of the
Philippine Science High School to encourage careers in
science and technology
 established other research institutes like PAGASA, National
Grains Authority, Philippine Council for Agricultural
Research, Philippine National Oil Company among others
 Pres. Corazon Aquino (1986 - 1992)

 National Science and Technology Authority was

replaced by the Department of Science and Technology
 created the Presidential Task Force for Science and
Technology which came up with the first Science and
Technology Master Plan or STMP
 Executive Order No.128 abolished R.A. No. 3859, also
known as the “Philippine Inventors Incentive Act.”
 Pres. Corazon Aquino (1986 - 1992)

 gave assistance to Filipino inventors through giving

financial aid, patent application assistance, legal
assistance, and to help inventors market their products
domestically and abroad
 R.A. 6655 or the Free Public Secondary Education Act
of 1988 opened doors to free education up to the
secondary level
 “Science for the Masses Program” which aimed at
scientific and technological literacy among Filipinos
 Pres. Fidel V. Ramos (1992 - 1998)

 government provided 3,500 scholarships for students

who were taking up professions related to S&T
 Schools were becoming more modernized and updated
with the addition of hightech equipment for student
 Priority for S&T personnel increased when Magna
Carta for Science and Technology Personnel (Republic
Act No. 8439) was established
 Pres. Fidel V. Ramos (1992 - 1998)

 award was published in order to give incentives and

rewards for people who have been influential in the
field of S&T (Inventors and Inventions Incentives Act
or Republic Act No. 7459)
 programs such as National Program for Gifted Filipino
Children in Science and Technology
 enactment of a law creating a nationwide system of high
schools specializing in the field of science and
engineering (Science and Technology Scholarship Law
of 1994)
 Pres. Joseph Estrada (1998 - 2001)

 launched a full-scale program based on cost-effective

irrigation technologies
 establishment of one science high school in every
province
 advancement of industries and schools into the Internet
age, -passage of the e-Commerce Act
 Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
(2001 - 2010)

 the science and technology sector of the Philippines was

dubbed as the "golden age“ during her term
 numerous laws and projects that concerns both the
environment and science to push technology as a tool to
increase the country's economic level
 the term "Filipinnovation" was the coined term used in
helping the Philippines to be an innovation hub in Asia
 Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
(2001 - 2010)

 Science Technology and Innovations (STI) was

developed further by strengthening the schools and
education system such as the Philippine Science High
School (PSHS), which focuses in science, technology
and mathematics in their curriculum
 imposes Republic Act 10601 which improves the
Agriculture and Fisheries Sector through Mechanization
(AFMech)
Filipino Scientists and their Inventions
 Filipino Scientists and their Inventions

Dr. Arturo Alcaraz Julian Banzon

a volcanologist specializing in geothermal
energy development. In 1967, his team
powered an electric light bulb using steam-
powered electricity. This was the first
geothermal power generated in the Philippines.
Filipino chemist, Julian Banzon researched
methods of producing alternative fuels. Julian
Banzon experimented with the production of
ethyl esters fuels from sugarcane and coconut.
 Filipino Scientists and their Inventions

Pedro Escuro Dr. Francisco Fronda

Filipino scientist, he is best known for his
Dr. Francisco Fronda is known as the Father of
isolation of nine rice varieties, thus was
poultry science in the Philippines. Francisco
renowned by developing rice breeding in the
Fronda has improved methods of production for
country. The Pedro Escuro rice varieties are:
the poultry and livestock industry.
Milpal 4, HBD-2, Azmil 26 and C-22 and C-18,
C4-63, C4-137, C-168 and C-12.
 Filipino Scientists and their Inventions

Felix Maramba Luz Oliveros Belardo

Filipino chemist, Luz Oliveros Belardo
Felix Maramba built a coconut oil-fueled power
researched the phytochemical properties of
generator.
plants in the Philippines for natural products,
He also is the developer of one of the world's
essential oils, and the medicinal qualities
most profitable biogas systems
 Filipino Scientists and their Inventions

Emerita De Guzman Dr. Fe Del Mundo

Filipino scientist Emerita De Guzman
Filipino doctor, Fe Del Mundo is credited with
researched the propagation of pure macapuno
studies that lead to the invention of an
trees.
improved incubator and a jaundice relieving
She also invented tissue culture techniques for
device.
the rapid propagation of abaca and banana
plants.
 Filipino Scientists and their Inventions

Gregorio Zara
Famous Filipino Scientist, Gregorio Zara invented, made improvements to, or discovered the
following: invented the twoway television telephone or videophone (1955) patented as a
"photo phone signal separator network"; discovered the physical law of electrical kinetic
resistance called the Zara effect (around 1930); invented an airplane engine that ran on plain
alcohol as fuel (1952).
 What roles do science and
technology play in the
developmental progress of the
country?

QUESTION TO PONDER
THANK
YOU!
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