Exercise 11.4 The Earth in a spin This exercise will help you to check that you understand why we have night and day. 4 The picture shows a person's shadow at two times of the day. The position of the Sun is shown at 11:00 a.m. a On the diagram, label the directions East and West. b Drawa line to show the path that the Sun seems to take across the sky, from sunrise to sunset, Add an arrow to show the direction in which it seems to move. © Mark, on the line you have drawn, where the Sun will be at midday (12:00). 2 The picture below shows the Barth turning on its axis, seco etaay ‘The Sun is on the left, . 1:00 a.m, ee a light rom the Sun a a Label the Barth's axis. b On the diagram, mark one point where itis night. Label this point N. Points A and B are on the Earth’s equator. It is daytime at both A and B. Explain how you can tell this from the diagram. d Atwhich point, A or B, will nightfall happen first? Explain your answer. © ‘44 The Earth and beyondUnit 41 The Earth and beyond ( ®) Exercise 11.2 The truth about the stars Test yourself — how much do you know about the night sky? Decide whether each of the statements below is true or false, Draw a circle round your choice. For each statement that is false, cross out the incorrect part and write the correction in the space underneath it. 4 We cannot see the stars during the daytime. true / false 2 This is because they stop shining during the day. true / false * 3. At night, we see the stars moving across the sky from north to south, true / false 4 The stars make patterns called constellations. true / false 5 The stars in a constellation are very close to each other in space. true / false 6 The Earth follows a path called its orbit around the Sun, true / false 7 The Earth takes one day to travel around its orbit. true / false 8 In December and June we see different stars in the night sky. true / false ‘44 The Earth and beyond ©(@® Unit 44 The Earth and beyond — Exercise 11.3 Researching a planet exercise, your task is to find information about one of the planets and compare itto the Earth. ‘The Earth is a planet. There are seven other planets in the solar system. In this ] Choose a planet. Find out the information needed to complete the table below. You will need to find the same information about the Barth, ‘You may be able to find a picture of your planet to stick on the right, or make a drawing of it. type of planet position in solar system distance from Sun size of planet number of moons, average temperature strength of gravity on surface water on surface? other important facts ® 44 The Earth and beyondUnit 14. The Earth and beyond ) Exercise 11.5 Day and night on the Moon This exercise will remind you about why we have night and day, and how the } Moon orbits the Earth. ‘The diagram shows the Moon in its orbit days around the Earth. The Sun is shining from Oo tbelet sunlight ‘The Moon is shown on four different days. = garth Study the diagram and follow the ") instructions below. Faas OG {ems 1 Look at the Moon on day 8. It is shaded a to show that half of it is in darkness — Shade the other three Moon outlines alae ~~ to show which parts are in darkness on } these days. day 22 Shade the Earth as well. 2. On the Earth, mark a point where itis'night. Label this point N. 3 How many days does it take for the Moon to travel around its orbit? . days 4 Inthe diagram, one point on the Moon is marked with an X. This is on the side of the Moon which faces the Earth. On day 1, is it day or night at point X?.... On day 15, is it day or night at point X: 5, Imagine that you could stand on the Moon at point X. On day 8, you look into the sky and you can see the Barth, In the space below, draw how the Earth would look, seen from the Moon. 44 The Earth and beyond ©A) ; ( Unit 11 The Earth and beyond Exercise 11.7 Astro quiz This exercise will help you to remember some important ideas from astronomy — and you can test your friends, too! Here is a list of some of the terms you have learnt in this unit. heliocentric model __ solar system asteroid —_ star galaxy planet gravity Galileo _ telescope geocentric model Copernicus _ orbit constellation Milky Way Sun _—_gas giant Your task is to think up quiz. questions to which these terms are the answers. Write your questions in the table below and on the next page. You can then test your friends’ knowledge. It will help if you give them the first letter of each term. Two ate given as examples. Can you answer them? What 6 is the force that holds us on to the Earth? What G is a large number of stars, clustered together? ® 4214 The Earth and beyondUnit 11 The Earth and beyond @® 414 The Earth and beyond ©® Unit 41 The Earth and beyond — Exercise 11.8 Satellites in space This exercise will help you to understand some of the different things that spacecraft can do. ‘There are many spacecraft in space. The table describes some of the things these spacecraft can do. Complete the second column of the table by suggesting who would find these spacecraft useful, and why. Ameteorological satellite can photograph clouds and see where itis raining. It can measure temperatures on Earth. Amiilitary spacecraft can photograph trucks moving ‘around and photograph small objects on the ground. ‘A communications satellite helps to send telephone messages and computer data from one side of the Earth to the other. AGPS satellite sends signals down to Earth so that anyone with a receiver can tell exactly where they are. Aspace telescope in orbit, around the Earth can see far ut into space and photograph distant stars and galaxies. A space laboratory is a good place to do experiments where gravity has no effect. A television satellite broadcasts television programmes to viewers down on Earth, ) 44 The Earth and beyond