MOTIVATION

DEFINITION:
“Motivation is a process that starts with a physiological or psychological deficiency
or need that activates a behavior or a drive that is aimed at goal or incentive”.

Physiological/ Individual behaves Achieves a particular

Psychological deficiency in certain manner goal
(Need) (Drive) (Incentive)
 CLASSIFICATION:
• PRIMARY MOTIVES: UNLEARNED &
PHYSIOLOGICAL.
Ex. Hunger, Thirst , Sleep

• GENERAL MOTIVES: NOT LEARNED , NOT

PHYSIOLOGICAL.
Ex. Curiosity

• SECONDARY MOTIVES: LEARNED OVER

TIME
Ex. Achievement , Affiliation
 CONTENT THEORIES :

• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

• Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of

Motivation

• Alderfer’s ERG Theory

 No Excuses
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnHW6
o8WMas
 No Arms , No Legs, No Worries
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8jhcxOhI
MAQ
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs:

Self
Actualization
Needs

Esteem Needs

Social Needs

Safety or security
Needs

Physiological Needs
 Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory:
Motivating Factors Hygiene Factors
Interesting and challenging work. Congenial people to
work with.
Utilization of one’s capability.
Pension.
Opportunity to do something
meaningful Job security.

Recognition for achievement Vacations.

Holiday.
Involvement in decision making
 Alderfer’s ERG Theory:
There are three basic groups of core needs:

• Existence needs:- Associated with survival and

physiological well-being of an individual.

• Relatedness needs: Emphasize the significance of

social and interpersonal relationships.

• Growth Needs:- Related to a person’s inner desire

for personal growth and development.
 The Process Theories:
• Vroom’s Expectancy Theory of Motivation
 VROOM’S VIE Expectancy Theory:

PERFORMANCE
EFFORT OUTCOME
M
VALENCE O
EXPECTANCY INSTRUMENTALITY
T
Belief that I if Belief that if I do Value of the I
I try hard I Better, I get a Outcome to V
Can do better Better reward the person A
vs indifference T
Or aversion
I
O
N
 The Contemporary Theories:

• Equity Theory

• Attribution Theory
 Equity Theory:-
(Propounded by J.Stacy.Adams)
Equity is represented schematically as:
Person’s Outcomes Other’s outcomes
=
Person’s Inputs Other’s Inputs

Inequity is represented as follows

Person’s Outcomes Other’s outcomes
>
Person’s Inputs Other’s Inputs

Person’s Outcomes Other’s outcomes

Person’s Inputs < Other’s Inputs
Various Referent Comparisons, Equity
Theory
• Self Inside
• Self-Outside
• Other- Inside
• Other Outside
 Choices , Equity Theory
• Change in Inputs
• Change in Outcomes
• Distort Perception of Self
• Distort Perception Of
Others
• Choose a Different
Referent
• Leave the field
 Attribution Theory:

• Internal
• External
 Money Can’t Buy Happiness , Pg
295
• Read the article
• Divide the class into groups of three to five students.
• Make Individually a list of top 10 factors which brings you
happiness
• Discuss the same in group
• Make a final list of what factors bring happiness to the group
• Are there a lot of differences between your individual factors
and group factors
• Then, read the article found at:
https://www.forbes.com/sites/jennagoudreau/2011/03/14/w
hy-money-does-equal-happiness/#3df859692a49
• Compare your list to the discussion in the article.
• What similarities exist? What differences exist? What do the
results imply about money and happiness?
Performance Motivation & Job Design
• Job enlargement
• Job Rotation
• Job Enrichment
• QWL
Goal-Setting Theory (Edwin Locke)
 Job Design through the “JOB
CHARACTERISTICS MODEL”

• SKILL VARIETY – The Extent Job Requires The Employees To Use A Number Of Skills.

• TASK IDENTITY – Whether The Job Has An Identifiable Beginning And End.

• TASK SIGNIFICANCE – How Important Is The Job To The Employee. –How Proud Are
Employees To Share With Their Friends What They Do.

• AUTONOMY – How Much Freedom & Control Do Employees Have To Schedule Their Own
Tasks & Make Decisions.

• FEEDBACK – Objective Information About Progress & Performance

5 Most Inspirational Thought & Emotional
Commercial ads

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AtZT5TN
QdL8
 7 Indian TV ads with STRONG SOCIAL and
Individual Motivational Messages (7BLAB)

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jG7Zhbd
_n7Y
• THANK YOU