Jawapan Bab 3

B
BA r = Jarak di antara pusat dua jasad
3 Kegravitian
Gravitation
Distance between the centres of the two bodies

4. Arahan/ Instruction:
Hukum Kegravitian Semesta Newton (d)
3.1
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Jisim / Mass ( kg ) Jarak / Daya graviti /
MP MQ MR Distance Gravitional force
1. daya semesta; antara mana-mana dua jasad r/m
universal force; between any two bodies
F/N
2. (a) magnitud yang sama tetapi arah yang 2.0 2.5 2.0 8.3375 × 10-11
berbeza 2.0 2.5 4.0 2.084 × 10-11
same magnitude but different direction 2.0 2.0 4.0 1.6675 × 10-11
(b) (i) berkadar terus; hasil darab jisim
directly proportional; product of the masses Perbincangan / Discussion:

F ∝ m1m2 (a) Apabila jisim bola bertambah, daya graviti

bertambah.
(ii) berkadar songsang;kuasa dua jarak di When the mass of ball increases, the gravitional force also
increases.
antara pusat
inversely proportional; square of the distance (b) Apabila jarak antara dua bola bertambah, daya
between the centres graviti berkurang.
1 When the distance between the two balls increases,
F∝ gravitational force decreases.
r2
5. (a) Diberikan / Given that
3. (a)
m1 = 1.5 kg, m2 = 5.97 × 1024 kg,
r = 6.37 × 106 m , G = 6.67 × 10-11 N m2 kg-2
F ∝ m1m2
Berdasarkan, / Based on,
m1m2 mm
F∝ F = G 12 2
r2 r
(1.5)(5.97 × 1024)
1 F = 6.67 × 10-11
F∝ (6.37 × 106)2
r2
Gm1m2 = 14.72 N
F=
r2 (b) Diberikan / Given that
Jisim Bumi /Mass of the Earth, m1 = 5.97 × 1024 kg
(b) Daya graviti antara dua jasad adalah berkadar
Jisim roket / Mass of the rocket = m2
terus dengan hasil darab jisim kedua-dua
Jarak di antara pusat Bumi dengan pusat
jasad dan berkadar songsang dengan kuasa
roket / Distance between the centre of the Earth and
dua jarak di antara pusat kedua-dua jasad
the centre of the rocket, r = 6.37 × 106 m
tersebut.
Gravitational force is directly proportional to the product G = 6.67 × 10-11 N m2 kg-2
of masses of both bodies and inversely proportional to Berdasarkan, / Based on,
the square of the distance between the centres of the two mm
bodies. F = G 12 2
F = Daya graviti antara dua jasad r
(5.97 × 1024)(m2)
Gravitional force between two bodies 5.28 × 10 = 6.67 × 10–11
5
(6.37 × 106)2
m1 = Jisim jasad pertama / Mass of the first body
m2= 5.38 × 10 kg 4
m2 = Jisim jasad kedua / Mass of the second body
G = Pemalar kegravitian semesta
Universal gravitational constant
(6.67 x 10-11 N m2 kg-2)

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6.

Daya graviti menyebabkan objek Daya graviti yang menarik objek ke

jatuh dengan pecutan graviti Bumi arah pusat Bumi
Gravitational force causes object to fall with Gravitational force pull object to the centre of the
Earth's gravitational acceleration, g Earth

Hukum Gerakan Newton Hukum Kegravitational

Kedua Semesta Newton
Newton's Second Law Newton's Universal Law of Gravitational

Rumus: / Formula: Rumus: / Formula:

F = mg Mm
F=G 2
r

Menyamakan kedua-dua persamaan

Equate both equations

Mm
mg = G
r2

M
g=G
r2

7. (a) (b) r = R + h
R 2R 3R h = 600 km = 600 × 1000 m = 0.6 × 106 m
6.37 × 104 12.74 × 104 19.11 × 1024 r = 6.37 × 106 + 0.6 × 106 m = 6.97 × 106 m
M 5.97 × 1024
9.81 2.45 1.09 g=G = 6.67 × 10-11
×
(R + h)2 (6.97 × 106)2
(b) g = 8.197 N / kg atau / or 8.197 m s-2
g/ m s-2

12
9.
10
g = ___
GM X
r2
8
Tulang menjadi
rapuh akibat
6 kehilangan kalsium
Bones become more
4 fragile due to loss
X
of calcium
2
X
0 r/m
R 2R 3R

Tekanan darah
8. (a) dan kadar degupan Kesan graviti Saiz peparu
Rumus pecutan graviti jantung berkurang rendah bertambah
Lower blood pressure and Effect of low gravity Size of lungs increases
Gravitational acceleration formula heart beat rate

M
g=G
(R + h)2
M Darah berkumpul
g=G di bahagian atas
r2 bahagian badan
Blood collects at upper
M parts of the body
g=G 2
r

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(ii)
Tiada perubahan (1) Rumus daya / Force formula F = ma
kerapuhan tulang
Rumus daya memusat /
F = mv
2
No change in fragility
of the bones (2) Centripetal force formula r
ma = mv a= v
2 2
(1) = (2)
r r
Tekanan darah
dan kadar degupan Kesan graviti Saiz peparu 13. (a) h = 560 km = 0.56 x 106 m
tinggi
F = mv
jantung bertambah berkurang 2
Blood pressure and heart Effect of high gravity Size of lungs decreases r=(R+h)
rate increases r
500 (6.5 × 103)2
F=
0.56 × 106 + 6.37 × 106
Darah
berkumpul F = 3048.3 N
(b) a = v
di bahagian 2
bawah badan r = (R + h)
Blood collects at lower r (6.5 × 103)2
parts of the body a=
0.56 × 106 + 6.37 × 106
10. (a) Daya memusat; gerakan membulat; pusat a = 6.0967 m s–2
Centripetal force; circular motion; centre
mv2 14. (a)
(b) F =
r
(c) m = 0.15 kg
v = 3 m s-1
Orbit Bulan
r = 1.2 m Moon’s orbit

mv2
F=
r
0.15 kg (3 m s–1)2 Bumi
Earth
r
Bulan
F= Moon
1.2 m
F = 1.125 kg m s–2
v
11.
(a) Jisim jasad Daya memusat berkadar
Mass of body, m langsung dengan jisim
F ∝ m jasad.
Centripetal force is directly
(b)
proportional to mass of body. Jarak yang dilalui oleh Bulan
dalam satu orbit lengkap s = 2πr
(b) Laju linear Daya memusat berkadar Distance travel by the moon in one
Linear speed, v langsung dengan kuasa complete circle
F ∝ v2 dua laju linear. Laju linear Bulan, s = 2πr
Centripetal force is directly Linear speed of the Moon
v=
T T
proportional to the square of
the linear speed. Hukum Kegravitian Semesta Mm
F = G 2 ... (1)
Newton ... (1) r
(c) Jejari Daya memusat berkadar Newton’s Law of Universal
bulatan songsang dengan jejari Gravitation
Radius of circle, r 1 bulatan. Daya memusat ... (2) mv2
F∝ F= ... (2)
r Centripetal force is inversely Centripetal force r
proportional to the radius of
(1) = (2) : G Mm = m v
2
the circle. M
r r G = v2
r
12. (a) (i) laju linear yang rendah / low linear speed Gantikan laju linear Bulan ke
laju linear yang tinggi; Objek tidak akan dalam persamaan M = 4π r2
2 3

kembali semula Subtitute Moon's linear speed into GT

the equation
high linear speed; The object will not return

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(c) mengambil jisim planet sebagai objek yang

bergerak mengelilingi Matahari dalam suatu
orbit.
taking the mass of the planet as an object that move
orbiting the Sun in certain orbit.
(d) T = 2.36 × 106 s, r = 3.83 × 108 m
4π2r3
M=
GT2
4(3.142)2(3.83 × 108)3
M= = 5.972 × 1024 kg
6.67 × 10–11 (2.36 × 106)2

3 .2 Hukum Kepler
Kepler’s Laws

1.
Hukum Kepler Pertama: Orbit bagi setiap planet ialah elips dengan Matahari berada di salah satu
fokusnya .
Kepler’s First Law : All planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus .

Paksi minor / Minor axis • Elips mempunyai dua fokus .

Ellipses has two foci .

Planet
• Matahari sentiasa berada di salah satu fokus itu.
Matahari / Sun Sun is always at one of the focus.
• Paksi major lebih panjang daripada paksi minor
x
Major axis is longer than minor axis.
• Jejari orbit adalah nilai purata bagi jarak di antara
Fokus / Focus
planet dengan Matahari .
Radius of orbit is the average value of the distance between
Paksi major / Major axis
planet and Sun .

2.

Hukum Kepler Kedua menyatakan garis yang menyambungkan planet dengan Matahari akan
mencakupi luas yang sama dalam selang masa yang sama apabila planet bergerak dalam orbitnya.
Kepler's Second Law stated that a line that connects a planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times.

• Luas kawasan 1 = Luas kawasan 2

B Area of region 1 = Area of region 2
A
C
2 • Masa diambil untuk beredar dari A ke B = Masa
diambil untuk beredar dari C ke D.
Time taken to orbit from A to B = Time taken to orbit from C to D
Matahari
• Jarak dilalui oleh AB lebih pendek dari jarak CD
1 Sun

dalam jangka masa yang sama, maka laju linear

D di AB lebih kecil .
The distance AB is shorter than distance CD
within the same time span, thus linear speed from AB is
smaller than CD.

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3.
Hukum Kepler Ketiga menyatakan kuasa dua tempoh orbit planet adalah berkadar terus dengan kuasa
tiga jejari orbitnya .
Kepler’s Third Law stated that the square of the orbital period of any planet is directly proportional to the cube of the radius of its orbit.

Lengkapkan yang berikut untuk menerbitkan • Jika digunakan kepada sistem planet dan
formula bagi Hukum Kepler Ketiga. Matahari, M adalah jisim Matahari.
Complete the following to derive the formula for Kepler’s Third Law. If applied to planetary system and Sun , M is mass of the Sun
• Jika digunakan kepada sistem satelit dan Bumi,
Daya memusat = Daya graviti
Centripetal force = Gravitational force maka M adalah jisim Bumi.
If applied to system of satellites and the Earth , M is the mass of
mv2 Mm the Earth
= G
r r2

= Gm .....(1)
v2 r

Laju linear planet

Linear speed of planet, Bandingkan dua planet menggunakan Hukum
Kepler Ketiga
v = 2πr ………………(2) Compare two planets using Kepler’s Third law;
T
Gantikan (2) ke dalam (1)
Substitute (2) into (1):
Planet 1
2πr 2 = GM
( T ) r r1
4π
T =
2
GM (
r2
)
4π2 = pemalar, k / constant, k
GM r2 Planet 2
T2 ∝ r3 Matahari
Sun

4. (a) Berdasarkan Hukum Kepler Kedua, semakin

R = Jejari Bumi / Radius of Earth = 6.37 × 106 m
kecil jarak sebuah planet dari Matahari,
T1 2 r13
semakin besar laju linearnya. Dari Q ke P =
laju linear planet bertambah sehingga satu T2 2 r23

! " ! "
nilai maksimum dan kemudian berkurang 27.3 2 3.83 × 108 3
=
semula. 1 r2
Based on Kepler’s Second Law, the smaller the distance
a planet from the Sun, the bigger the linear speed of the r2 = #$$$$$
3
7.538 × 1022 = 4.22 × 107 m
planet. From Q to P linear speed of planet increases until
it reach maximum value and then decrease again. Ketinggian satelit / Height of satellite,
h = r2 – R
(b) Diberikan / Given, = 4.22 × 107 – 6.37 × 106 m
T1 = 27.3 hari / days = 3.58 × 107 m
r1 = 3.83 × 108 m
Tempoh orbit satelit / Satelit orbiting period,
3.3 Satelit Buatan Manusia
T2 = 24 jam/ hours = 1 hari / day Man-Made Satellite
r2 = (h + R);
h = Ketinggian satelit dari Bumi / Height of 1. satelit / satellite
satellite from Earth 2. laju linear; daya memusat; daya graviti
linear speed; centripetal force; gravitational force

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3. (b) • Jika laju linear satelit, v kurang daripada

Daya graviti antara satelit Daya memusat pada laju minimum yang diperlukan, satelit
dan Bumi, satelit, akan jatuh ke orbit yang lebih rendah.
Gravitational force between Centripetal force on satellite, Satelit akan berpusar ke arah Bumi
satellite and the Earth, mv2 F= sehingga memasuki atmosfera.
r
F = G Mm
If the linear speed of satellite,v is less than required
2 minimum speed, satellite will fall to a lower orbit.
Satellite will revolve towards Earth until it enters
Hubung kait antara kedua-dua daya, atmosphere.
Relationship between both forces • Pergerakan dengan kelajuan tinggi
mv2 = G Mm itu menentang rintangan udara akan
r 2
menghasilkan haba, satelit terbakar.
v=
$$
GM
r
# High speed movement against air resistance will
produce heat, satellite burns.
5. satelit geopegun; satelit bukan geopegun

4. (a) Gunakan / Using ; v =

$$
GM
r
;r=h+R # geostationary satellite; non-geostationary satellite

h = 700 km v= #$$$$$$$$$$
6.67 × 10 × 5.97 × 10
–11

6.37 × 10 + 700 000

6
24

v = 7.5 × 103 m s-1

6.
Satelite geopegun Satelit bukan geopegun
Geostationary satellite Non-geostationery satellite

Persamaan / Similarity: Mengorbit Bumi / Orbits the Earth

Laju linear / Linear speed: v = #$$

GM
r

Hukum Kepler Ketiga / Kepler's Third Law: T = #($$$

GM ) r
4π2
3

Arah gerakan sama dengan arah putaran Arah gerakan tidak perlu sama dengan arah
Bumi. putaran Bumi.
Direction of motion same as the direction of Earth Direction of motion need not have to be the same
as the
rotation . direction of Earth rotation.

T= 24 jam/ hours T lebih pendek atau lebih panjang daripada 24 jam.

T can be longer or shorter than 24 hours.

Berada di atas tempat yang sama di Berada di atas tempat yang berubah-ubah di
permukaan Bumi. permukaan Bumi.
the same Above different geographical location.
Above geographical location.

Fungsi : Sateit komunikasi Fungsi : Pengimejan Bumi, GPS, kaji cuaca

Communication satellite Function: Earth imaging, GPS, weather forecast
Function :

Contoh / Example : MEASAT Contoh/ Example : TiungSAT, RazakSAT, Pipit, ISS

7. (a) Halaju lepas, v / Escape velocity, v

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(b)
Halaju lepas dapat dicapai apabila tenaga kinetik minimum objek dapat mengatasi
tenaga keupayaan gravitinya .
Escape velocity can be achieved when minimum kinetic energy of an object is able to overcome its
gravitational potential energy .
gga
M k sehin
1
Tenaga kinetik = – mv2 b je k bergera ri Bumi
O a
2 finiti d
jarak in ving an infinit
Kinetic energy v e
w t mo the Ea
rth
Objec
ce from
r distan

GMm
Tenaga keupayaan graviti, U = –––––
r
Gravitational potential energy

Tenaga kinetik minimum + Tenaga keupayaan graviti = 0

Minimum kinetic energy + Gravitational potential energy = 0
1
2
mv2 + – (
GMm
r
=0)
1
2
mv2 =
GMm
r( )
2GM
v =
2
r
Halaju lepas / Escape velocity, v =
$$
2GM
r
#
Jika objek di permukaan Bumi, jarak objek dari pusat Bumi sama dengan jejari Bumi, r = R
If object on the surface of the Earth, distance from centre of the Earth equal to the radius of the Earth, r = R

(c) (i) Jisim Bumi

Mass of Earth, M
(ii) Jejari objek dari pusat Bumi
Distance of object from the centre of the Earth, r
8.

(a) Bumi dapat mengekalkan lapisan atmosfera di sekelilingnya.

Earth is able to maintain a layer of atmosphere around it.
• Molekul dalam atmosfera mempunyai laju linear lebih kecil daripada halaju lepasnya
Molecules in atmosphere has linear speed smaller than its escape velocity
• Tidak dapat terlepas ke angkasa
Unable to escape to outer space

(b) Kapal terbang dan jet tidak terlepas ke angkasa.

Planes and jets won’t escape to outer space.
• Kedua-dua mempunyai laju linear lebih perlahan daripada halaju lepas Bumi
Both have speeds slower than Earth’s escape velocity

(c) Pelancaran roket ke angkasa lepas.

Launching of rocket into outer space.
• Menggunakan kuantiti bahan bakar yang banyak untuk menghasilkan daya tujahan yang besar
Uses a lot of fuels to produce large thrust
• Menghasilkan halaju yang lebih besar daripada halaju lepas Bumi
Produce high velocity that is larger than Earth’s escape velocity

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9. (a) r = h + R (b) T1 = 365 hari / days

r = 1200 × 1000 + 6.37 × 106 m T2= Tempoh orbit Zuhrah / Venus orbital period
r = 1.2 × 106 + 6.37 × 106 m r1 = 1.5 × 1011 m.
r = 7.57 × 106 m r2 = 1.076 × 1011 m.
Menggunakan/ Using
T12 r13
v=
$$
2GM#
r
T22
= 3
r2

! " ! "
2 × 6.67 × 10–11 × 5.97 × 1024 365 2 1.5 × 1011 3
v= =
7.57 × 106 T2 1.076 × 1011
v = #$$$$$
10.52 × 107
v = 1.026 × 104 m s-1 T2 = #$$$$
133225
2.709
= 221.8 hari /days

(b) (c) Hukum Kepler Ketiga / Kepler’s Third Law

Halaju lepas
Escape velocity, v (m s-1) 2. (a) (i) Jisim Bumi / Mass of the Earth
(ii) Jarak dari pusat Bumi
2 × 6.67 × 10–11 × 6.0 × 1024 Distance from the centre of the Earth
v=
6.4 × 106 GM
(b) (i) g =
= 11183.13 m s -1
R2
6.67 × 10–11 × 5.97 × 1024
g=
2 × 6.67 × 10–11 × 2.0 × 1030 (6.37 × 106)2
v= g = 9.81 m s-2
7.0 × 108
GM
= 2.41 × 107 m s-1 (ii) g = 2 ; r = 60R
r
6.67 × 10–11 × 5.97 × 1024
g=
2 × 6.67 × 10–11 × 7.4 × 1022 (60 × 6.37 × 106)2
v=
1.7 × 106 g = 2.73 × 10–3 m s-2
= 2409.74 m s-1 (c) Jisim objek / Mass of object, m1;
Jisim Bulan/ Mass of the Moon, m2;
2 × 6.67 × 10–11 × 6.4 × 1023 Jisim Bumi / Mass of the Earth, M ;
v=
3.4 × 106 Jarak objek dari Bumi/ Distance object from the
= 5011.05 m s-1 Earth, d
Mm m1 m2
G 21 =G
d (60 × 6.37 × 106 – d)2
PRAKTIS SPM 3 (3.82 × 108 – d)2 7.35 × 1022
=
d2 5.97 × 1024
KERTAS 2
d = 3.78 × 108 m
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C 3. (a) Nilai purata bagi jarak di antara planet
6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. B dengan Matahari
11. D 12. D The average value of the distance between the planet
and the Sun.
(b) (i) Luas FAB dan FCD adalah sama
KERTAS 2 Area FAB and FCD is equal
Bahagian A (ii) Panjang lengkok AB lebih panjang dari
CD / Arc length AB is longer than CD
T12 r13
1. (a) = (iii) Laju linear AB lebih tinggi daripada CD
T22 r23 Linear speed at AB is higher than CD
T1 = tempoh orbit Bumi / Earth’s orbital period (iv) Masa yang diambil dan luas yang
T2 = tempoh orbit Zuhrah / Venus orbital period dicakupi adalah sama bagi kedua-dua
r1 = jejari orbit Bumi / radius of orbit of the Earth kawasan
Time taken and the area covered by both area are
r2 = jejari orbit Zuhrah / radius of orbit of Venus the same

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 Fizik Tingkatan 4 Jawapan

(c) Hukum Kepler Kedua / Kepler’s Second Law Halaju lepas yang Memastikan atmosfera
(d) T1= 164.8 tahun / years tinggi yang tebal untuk keperluan
T2 = 1 tahun / year High escape velocity manusia
r1 = ? Make sure that the atmosphere is
r2 = 1.5 × 1011 m thick enough for human needs
T 21 r 31
= Tempoh orbit yang - Tempoh orbit yang
T 22 r 23 sederhana, tidak pendek menyebabkan
r 31
(164.8)2 = terlalu panjang dan perubahan cuaca yang
(1.5 × 1011)3 tidak terlalu pendek cepat dan tidak sesuai
r1 = 4.51 × 1012 m Moderate orbital period, not untuk tumbuhan
too short or too long Short orbital period will cause
Bahagian B a faster change in climate not
suitable for plants.
4. (a) (i) Halaju minimum yang diperlukan oleh - Tempoh orbit panjang
objek untuk mengatasi daya graviti menyebabkan musim
planet dan terlepas ke angkasa. sejuk dan panas yang
The minimum velocity needen by an object on the
surface of planet to overcome the gravitational panjang
force and escape to outer space. Long orbital period will cause
a long cold climate and hot

(ii) v = #$$
2GM #2
R
=
$%%$$%%$$%%$$%%
× 6.67 × 10 × 5.68 × 10
6.03 × 10
–11

7
26 climate

Planet yang paling Kerana mempunyai

v = 3.54 × 10 m s4 -1 sesuai ialah planet Q pecutan graviti
The most suitable planet is menghampiri 9.81 m s-2
planet Q
(iii) 1. Halaju lepas planet yang sangat tinggi (Bumi), mempunyai
Escape velocity of planet is very large halaju lepas yang tinggi
2. Pecutan graviti tinggi dan tempoh orbit yang
High gravitational acceleration sederhana
Because it has gravitational
(b) Pecutan graviti acceleration near 9.81 m s-2 (Earth),
Gravitational acceleration has a high escape velocity and
m s-1 moderate orbital period.
-
1.63 Bahagian C
7.94 5. (a) Daya graviti, F di antara dua jasad berkadar
0.42 terus dengan hasil darab jisim-jisim jasad
dan berkadar songsang dengan kuasa dua
17.61 jarak di antara pusat dua jasad tersebut.
Gravitational force, F is directly proportional to the
GM
(i) g = product of mass of the objects and inversely proportional
R2 to the square of the distance between them.
(ii) Jawapan dalam jadual/ Answers in table (b)
(iii) Satelit geopegun Satelit bukan geopegun
Geostationary satellite Non-geostationary satellite
Ciri-ciri / Characteristics Sebab/Rreason
Arah satelit mengelilingi Arah satelit mengelilingi
Pecutan graviti paling Nilai g menentukan berat Bumi sama dengan arah Bumi tidak sama dengan
hampir dengan nilai manusia. putaran Bumi arah putaran Bumi
pecutan graviti Bumi Nilai g terlalu kecil Direction of satellite revolves Direction of satellite revolves
Gravitational acceleration menyebabkan darah dan around the Earth is the same around the Earth is not the
almost the same as the as direction of rotation of the same as direction of rotation of
cecair dalam badan tidak
Earth’s gravitational Earth the Earth
acceleration berfungsi dengan normal
Value g determine the weight of Tempoh orbit ialah 24 Tempoh orbit lebih
human jam panjang atau lebih
Value of g is too small will Orbital period is 24 hours pendek dari 24 jam
cause blood and body fluid not
Orbital period can be more or
functioning normally
less than 24 hours

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Atau mana-mana jawapan yang betul
Or any correct answer
(c)
Aspek / Aspects
Arah gerakan satelit
mengikut arah yang
sama dengan arah
putaran Bumi
Direction of satellite moves is in
the direction of rotation of the
Earth
Tempoh orbit 24 jam
Orbital period is 24 hours
Mengorbit di atas
khatulistiwa
Orbiting above the equator
Laju linear malar dan
tidak melebihi halaju
lepas.
Constant linear speed and do
not exceeds escape velocity
Jangka hayat lebih lama
Longer lifespan
Apabila masuk ke Bumi, nilai g berkurang
secara linear. Manakala, apabila keluar ke
angkasa lepas, nilai g berkurang secara
eksponen.
Sebab / Reason When enter the Earth, value g will decreases linearly.
While, when out to the outer space, value g will decreases
Sentiasa pada exponentially.
kedudukan yang sama
pada pemerhati di
permukaan Bumi
Always at the same position to Fokus KBAT
the observer on the surface of
the Earth
Sama dengan tempoh Magnitud daya graviti,
putaran Bumi The magnitude of gravitational force,
Same with the period of Earth’s GM
rotation g=
r2
Satelit dapat (6.7 x 10-11)(6.42 x 1023)
menyampaikan g=
(3.40 × 106)2
maklumat dalam masa
43.014 × 1012
yang singkat g=
Satellite can transfer 11.56 × 1012
information in shorter time g = 3.721 N kg-1.
Satelit kekal dalam orbit, Magnitud daya graviti planet Marikh lebih kecil
tidak jatuh ke orbit daripada magnitud daya graviti Bumi, maka kesan ke
yang lebih rendah atau atas tumbesaran manusia ialah,
The magnitude of gravitational force on planet Mars is smaller than
meninggalkan Bumi the magnitude of gravitational of the Earth, hence effects on human
Satellite stay in orbit, does not growth are,
fall to lower orbit or leave the
Earth
1. Ketumpatan badan berkurangan
Density of the body decreases
2. Tulang menjadi lebih rapuh akibat kehilangan
Boleh digunakan untuk kalsium
tempoh waktu yang Bones become more fragile due to loss of calcium
lama. 3. Saiz peparu bertambah
Can be used for a longer period.
Size of lungs increases

GM 4. Darah berkumpul di bahagian atas badan

(d) g = Blood collects in the upper parts of the body
R2
(6.7 x 10-11)(6.0 x 1024) 5. Tekanan darah dan kadar degupan jantung
g=
(6.4 x 106)2 berkurang
g = 9.81 N/kg Lower blood pressure and heart rate.

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