CE 351 Transportation Engineering I:

Transport and Traffic Engineering

Transportation System

Dr. Farzana Rahman

Professor
Department of Civil Engineering,
UAP, Dhaka
 Transportation System
◻ A transportation system may be defined as a planned network of
elements or physical components that play different roles in the
transportation of goods and persons from one place to another.
◻ The elements or physical components of a transport system are
referred to as the facilities.
◻ A transport system can therefore be considered as consisting of
fixed facilities,
the flow entities, and
control system
that permit people and goods to overcome the friction
of geographical space efficiently in order to
participate in a timely manner in some desired
activity.
 Transportation System Components

•Fixed Facilities
•Networks

•Flow Entities
•Passengers, Vehicles etc.
•Design Vehicle
•Human factor

•Control Systems
•Traffic Control Devices- signs, markings, signals, etc.
•Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
 Fixed Facilities

• The fixed facilities are the physical components of the

system that are fixed in space and constitutes the
network of links and nodes of the transportation system.
• For example, the links could be roadway segment and
railway track and the nodes could be intersections,
interchanges, transit terminals, harbors, and airports
• The design of these fixed facilities has traditionally been
within the realm of civil engineering.
 Flow Entities

• Flow entities are the units that traverse the

fixed facilities. These include people, vehicles,
container units, railroad cars, and so on.
• In the case of a road system, the fixed facilities
are expected to accommodate a wide variety of
vehicle types, ranging from bicycles to large
tractor-trailer combinations.
 Control System

❑ The control system consists of vehicular control and

flow control. Vehicular control refers to the
technological way in which individual vehicles are
guided on fixed facilities. Such controls can be
manual or automated.
❑ The flow control system consists of the means that
permit the efficient and smooth operation of
streams of vehicles and the reduction of conflicts
between vehicles.
❑ This system includes various types of signing,
marking, and signal systems and the underlying rules
of operation.
 Roadway types
Function-wise
Road Traffic System
i) Rural Road
•National highway
•Regional highway
•Feeder road

ii) Urban Road

•Primary/main/Arterial Road
•Secondary Road
•Local Road
 Roadway types
Road Traffic System
Standard-wise
• Full access control, Expressway/Motorway
• Partial/No access control

Usage-wise
• Commuter Road
• All purpose road
• By-pass
• Distribution road/Ring road
• Feeder/Collector road
• Slip/access road
• Service road
• Frontage road
 Roadway types
Road Traffic System
Operation-wise
• Single Carriageway/Undivided road
• Dual Carriageway/Divided road
• Two way
• One-way
• Lane/Non—lane based

Investment-wise
• Public road – free
• Private road: Build, Operate and Transfer (BOT) –
tolled road
 Roadway type Operation-wise

Single Carriageway/Undivided road Dual Carriageway/Divided road

Ring Road
CE 351 Transportation Engineering I:
Transport and Traffic Engineering

Types of Junctions

Dr. Farzana Rahman

Professor
Department of Civil Engineering,
UAP, Dhaka
Types of Junctions
What is a road junction ?
A road junction is a location where multiple roads intersect
allowing vehicular traffic to change from one road to another.

Segme
nt
Junction
point
• To manage the flow of traffic across the junction
.
• To prevent congestion and gridlock .
• To reduce car accident
Classification of Junctions

• At grade • Uncontrolled

• Grade • Controlled
separated
interchange
Types of Junctions
Road
a) Basic form-wise Traffic System
i) At grade
❖ Cross
❖ Skewed
❖ Tee
❖ Wye
❖ Staggered
❖ Roundabout
ii) Grade separated interchange
❖ Trumpet
❖ Diamond
❖ Clover-leaf
❖ Roundabout/Rotary
 At Grade
Cross
Unchannelized
roadcross
 At Grade
Cross
Flared roadcross
 At Grade
Cross
Channelized
roadcross
 At Grade
Tee
Unchannelized tee
 At Grade
Tee
Flared tee
 At Grade
Tee
Channelized
Tee
 At Grade
Wye
Unchannelized
Wye
 At Grade
Wye
Channelized
Wye
 At Grade
Skewed
UnChannelized
Skewed
 At Grade
Skewed
Channelized
Skewed
 At Grade
Staggered
Left / Right
Staggered
 At Grade
Roundabout
 Skewed

• To turn or place at an angle

Roundabouts
Roundabout
 Grade Separated Interchange
Trumpet
It used where one
highway terminates
at another
highway. These
involve at least one
loop ramp
connecting traffic
either entering or
leaving the
terminating
expressway with the
far lanes of the
continuous highway.
 Grade Separated Interchange
Diamond
A diamond
interchange is an
interchange involving
four ramps where
they enter and leave
the freeway. It is
much more
economical in use of
materials and land
than other
interchange designs,
as the junction does
not normally require
more than one bridge
to be constructed.
Diamond Interchange
 Grade Separated Interchange

A cloverleaf
interchange is a
two-level
interchange in
which left turns
(reverse directions in
left-driving regions),
are handled by
ramp roads
Clover leaf
Half Clover leaf
Rotary/Roundabout
Roundabout
Six-level urban stack interchange in PuxiSix-level urban
stack interchange in Puxi, ShanghaiSix-level urban stack
interchange in Puxi, Shanghai, China (Nanbei Elevated
Road at Yanan Middle Road)
 Operation-wise
Uncontrolled Junction
An uncontrolled
intersection is a
road intersection
where no traffic
lights or signs are
used to indicate the
right-of-way.
Mostly,
uncontrolled
intersections are
unmarked.
 Operation-wise
Controlled Junction
Controlled
intersections have
traffic lights, yield
signs or stop signs to
control traffic. At a
controlled
intersection where
you face a green
light, drive carefully
through the
intersection at a
steady speed.
Priority and Signalized
Controlled Junction
 Road Types of vehicles
Propulsion force-wise ffic System
i) Motorized
❑ Bus
• Large
❖ Single-deck
❖ Double-deck
• Mini
• Micro
❑ Car/Jeep
❑ Motorcycles & Other non-conventional
❑ Truck
• Large
❖ Single
❖ Articulated
✔ Trailer
✔ Semi-trailer
• Small
• Mini/Pick-up
 Types of vehicles
Road

Road Traffic System

Propulsion force-wise
ffic System

ii) Non-motorized
❑ Rikshaw
❑ Bicycle
❑ Other non-conventional (animal driven)

Service/Usage-wise
i) Private
ii) Public
❑ Mass Transit – bus, tempo, trolley busses, Light Rail Transit
(LRT), etc.
❑ Rapid Transit – Underground Rail/Metro/Tube etc.
❑ Personalized Transit –
• Para transit – rickshaw, auto rickshaw etc.
• Taxi service
• Rent-a-Car/hired car
Trolley busses
 Light Rail

New Jersey Transit Newark Light Rail Tenerife, Spain Light Rail
Tube Rail
Trailer
 Types of vehicles
Carrier-wise
i) Passenger vehicles
ii) Freight vehicles
Fuel/Energy type-wise
i) Petrol
ii) Compressed Natural gas
iii) Electricity
iv) Solar
v) Fuel cell
vi) Hybrid
Driving Force-wise
i) Two-wheel Drive (2WD)
ii) Four-wheel Drive (4WD)
Hybrid car

Fuel cell car

 Vehicle maneuvers

• Crossing
• Merging
• Diverging
• Lane Changing
• Overtaking
• Turning
• Weaving
 Road Users
comprises
a) Drivers
b) Passengers
c) Pedestrians