Continuity and Differentiability M-309

20
Continuity and
Differentiability
æ p pö
TOPIC Ć Continuity 5. If the function f defined on ç , ÷ by
è6 3ø
ì 2 cos x – 1 p
éxù ïï ,x ¹
1. Let f (x) = x. ê ú , for –10 < x < 10, where [t] denotes the cot x – 1 4
ë 2û í
f(x) = ï p
k, x=
greatest integer function. Then the number of points of ïî 4
discontinuity of f is equal to ______. is continuous, then k is equal to: [April 09, 2019 (I)]
[NA Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]
1
2. If a function f (x) defined by (a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 1 (d)
2 2
ìae x + be - x , - 1 £ x < 1 éxù
ïï 6. If f ( x) = [ x] - ê ú , x Î R, where [x] denotes the greatest
f ( x) = í cx 2 , 1 £ x £ 3 be continuous for some ë4û
ï 2 integer function, then: [April 09, 2019 (II)]
ïî ax + 2cx , 3 < x £ 4
(a) f is continuous at x = 4.
a, b, c Î R and f '(0) + f '(2) = e, then the value of a is :
(b) xlim
®4+
f(x) exists but xlim
®4-
f(x) does not exist.
[Sep. 02, 2020 (I)]
(c) Both xlim
®4-
f(x) and xlim
®4+
f(x) exist but are not equal.
1 e
(a) (b)
e 2 - 3e + 13 e 2 - 3e - 13 (d) xlim
®4-
f(x) exists but xlim
®4+
f(x) does not exist.

e e 7. If the function

{
(c) (d)
e 2 + 3e + 13 e 2 - 3e + 13 a | p - x | +1, x £ 5
f(x) = b | x - p | +3, x > 5
é4ù
Let [t] denote the greatest integer £ t and xlim x ú = A.
®0 ê
3. is continuous at x = 5, then the value of a – b is:
ëxû
2 [April 09, 2019 (II)]
Then the function, f(x) = [x ] sin(px) is discontinuous, when
x is equal to : [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)] 2 -2 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) A +1 (b) A+5 p+5 p+5 p -5 5-p
8. Let f : [– 1, 3] ® R be defined as
(c) A + 21 (d) A
ì x + [ x ] , - 1£ x < 1
æ 1 1ö ï
4. If the function f defined on ç - , ÷ by f(x) = í x + x , 1 £ x < 2
è 3 3ø ï x + [ x ] , 2 £ x £ 3,
î
ì1 æ 1 + 3x ö where [t] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal
ï log e ç , when x ¹ 0
f(x) = í x è 1 - 2 x ÷ø is continuous, then k to t. Then, f is discontinuous at : [April 08, 2019 (II)]
ïk , when x = 0
î (a) only one point (b) only two points
is equal to __________. [NA Jan. 7, 2020 (II)] (c) only three points (d) four or more points

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 EBD_8344
M-310 Mathematics

9. Let f : R ® R be a function defined as 14. Let k be a non–ero real number.

[Online April 11, 2015]
ì 5, if x £1
ï a + bx, if 1 < x < 3 ì
ï ï
f ( x) = í ï (e x - 1)
ï b + 5 x, if 3 £ x < 5 ïï æ x ö æ xö
, x¹0
ïî 30, x³5 log ç1 + ÷
If f(x) = í çè k ÷ø
if sin
ï è 4ø
Then, f is : [Jan 09, 2019 (I)] , x =0
ï 12
(a) continuous if a = 5 and b = 5 ï
(b) continuous if a = – 5 and b = 10 ïî
(c) continous if a = 0 and b = 5 is a continuous function then the value of k is:
(d) not continuous for any values of a and b (a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 2
10. If the function f defined as 15. If the function

1 k -1 ì 2 + cos x - 1
f (x) = - ï ,x ¹ p
x e2 x - 1 f ( x ) = í ( p - x)2
x ¹ 0, is continuous at x = 0, ï
îk ,x = p
then the ordered pair (k, f (0)) is equal to?
[Online April 16, 2018] is continuous at x = p, then k equals:
[Online April 19, 2014]
æ1 ö 1 1
(a) (3, 1) (b) (3, 2) (c) ç , 2 ÷ (d) (2, 1)
è3 ø (a) 0 (b)
2
(c) 2 (d)
4
ì 1 æ9ö 2
ï ( x - 1) 2 - x , x > 1, x ¹ 2 16. If f(x) is continuous and fç ÷= , then
11. Let f (x) = í è2ø 9
ïî k, x=2 æ 1 - cos 3x ö
lim f ç ÷ is equal to:
The value of k for which f is continuous at x = 2 is x ®0 è x2 ø
[Online April 15, 2018] [Online April 9, 2014]
(a) e –2 (b) e (c) e –1 (d) 1 9 2 8
(a) (b) (c) 0 (d)
12. The value of k for which the function 2 9 9
17. Consider the function :
ì tan 4x
f (x) = [ x] + | 1 – x |, -1 £ x £ 3 where [x] is the greatest
ï æç 4 ö÷ tan 5x , 0 < x < p
ï p integer function.
f (x) = í è 5 ø2 2
p is continuous at x = , is :
ï 5k + , x = 2 Statement 1 : f is not continuous at x = 0, 1, 2 and 3.
2
ïî
æ - x, -1 £ x < 0
ç
[Online April 9, 2017] 1 - x, 0 £ x < 1
Statement 2 : f (x) = ç
2 3 2 ç 1 + x, 1 £ x < 2
17 ç
(a) (b) (c) (d) -
20 5 5 5 è 2 + x, 2 £ x £ 3
13. Let a, b Î R, (a ¹ 0) . if the function f defined as [Online April 25, 2013]
(a) Statement 1 is true ; Statement 2 is false,
ì 2x 2 (b) Statement 1 is true; Statement 2 is true; Statement 2 is
ï , 0 £ x <1
ï a not correct explanation for Statement 1.
ï (c) Statement 1 is true; Statement 2 is true; Statement It is
ía , 1£ x < 2
f(x) = ï 2 a correct explanation for Statement 1.
ï 2b - 4b , 2£x<¥ (d) Statement 1 is false; Statement 2 is true.
ïî x 3 18. Let f be a composite function of x defined by
is continuous in the interval [0, ¥) , then an ordered pair f (u ) =
1 1
, u ( x) =
.
(a, b) is : [Online April 10, 2016] 2
u +u-2 x -1
(a) ( - 2,1 - 3) (b) ( 2, -1 + 3) Then the number of points x where f is discontinuous is :
[Online April 23, 2013]
(c) ( 2,1 - 3) (d) ( - 2,1 + 3) (a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1

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Continuity and Differentiability M-311

19. Let f (x) = – 1 + | x – 2 |, and g (x) = 1 – | x |; then the set of Statement - 1 : f (x) is continuous on R.
all points where fog is discontinuous is :
[Online April 22, 2013] Statement - 2 : f1 ( x) and f 2 ( x) are continuous on R.
(a) {0, 2} (b) {0, 1, 2} (a) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2
(c) {0} (d) an empty set is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
20. If f : R ® R is a function defined by f (x) = [x] (b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is
æ 2x - 1 ö NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
cos ç ÷ p , where [x] denotes the greatest integer
è 2 ø (c) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
function, then f is . [2012] (d) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true
(a) continuous for every real x.
24. The values of p and q for which the function [2011]
(b) discontinuous only at x = 0
(c) discontinuous only at non-ero integral values of x. ì
(d) continuous only at x = 0. ï sin( p + 1) x + sin x , x < 0
ï x
21. Let f : [1, 3] ® R be a function satisfying ï
f ( x) = í q , x = 0 is continuous for all x in R,
ï
x
£ f ( x) £ 6 - x , for all x ¹ 2 and f (2) = 1, ï x+ x - x
2
,x > 0
[ x] ïî x 3/2

where R is the set of all real numbers and [x] denotes the are
largest integer less than or equal to x.
5 1 3 1
Statement 1: lim f ( x ) exists. [Online May 19, 2012] (a) p = , q = (b) p = - , q =
2 2 2 2
x® 2 -
Statement 2: f is continuous at x = 2. 1 3 1 3
(a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is (c) p = , q = (d) p = , q = -
2 2 2 2
a correct explanation for Statement 1.
(b) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true. 25. The function f : R /{0} ® R given by [2007]
(c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
1 2
not a correct explanation for Statement 1. f ( x) = -
(d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false. x e2 x - 1
22. Statement 1: A function f : R ® R is continuous at x0 if and can be made continuous at x = 0 by defining f (0) as
only if lim f ( x ) exists and lim f ( x ) = f ( x0 ). (a) 0 (b) 1
x ® x0 x® x0
(c) 2 (d) – 1
Statement 2: A function f : R ® R is discontinuous at x0 if
1 - tan x p é pù
and only if, lim f ( x ) exists and lim f ( x ) ¹ f ( x0 ) . 26. Let f ( x) = , x ¹ , x Î ê 0, ú .
x ® x0 x ® x0 4x - p 4 ë 2û
[Online May 12, 2012]
(a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is é pù æ pö
If f (x) is continuous in ê 0, ú , then f çè ÷ø is [2004]
not a correct explanation of Statement 1. ë 2û 4
(b) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true.
(c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is 1
(a) –1 (b)
a correct explanation of Statement 1. 2
(d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false.
1
23. Define f (x) as the product of two real functions (c) - (d) 1
[2011RS] 2
27. f is defined in [-5, 5] as [2002]
ì 1
ïsin , if x ¹ 0 f (x) = x if x is rational
f1 ( x ) = x, x Î R, and f 2 ( x ) = í x
ï0, if x = 0
= – x if x is irrational. Then
î
(a) f (x) is continuous at every x, except x = 0
as follows :
(b) f (x) is discontinuous at every x, except x = 0
ïì f1 ( x ) . f 2 ( x) , if x = 0 (c) f (x) is continuous everywhere
f ( x) = í
ïî 0 if x = 0 (d) f (x) is discontinuous everywhere

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 EBD_8344
M-312 Mathematics

34. Let f and g be differentiable functions on R such that fog

TOPIC n Differentiability
is the identity function. If for some a, b Î R, g¢ (a) = 5 and
28. Let f : R ® R be a function defined by f (x) = max{x, x }. Let 2
g (a) = b, then f ¢ (b) is equal to: [Jan. 9, 2020 (II)]
S denote the set of all points in R, where f is not
1 2
differentiable. Then: [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)] (a) (b) 1 (c) 5 (d)
5 5
(a) {0, 1} (b) {0}
(c) f (an empty set) 35. Let S be the set of all functions f : [0,1] ® R, which are
(d) {1}
ì k1 ( x - p)2 - 1, x £ p continuous on [0, 1] and differentiable on (0,1). Then for
29. If the function f ( x) í is twice dif-
î k2 cos x, x>p
ferentiable, then the ordered pair (k1, k2) is equal to: every f in S, there exists a c Î (0,1), depending on f, such
[Sep. 05, 2020 (I)] that: [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]

æ1 ö (a) | f (c) – f (l)| < (l – c)|f ¢(c)|

(a) ç ,1÷ (b) (1, 0)
è2 ø f (1) - f (c )
(b) = f ¢(c)
1- c
æ1 ö
(c) ç , -1÷ (d) (1, 1) (c) | f (c) + f (1)| < (1 + c) |f ¢(c)|
è 2 ø
30. Let f be a twice differentiable function on (1, 6). If f (2) = 8, (d) | f (c) – f (1)| < | f ¢(c)|
f '(2) = 5, f '(x) ³ 1 and f ''( x ) ³ 4, for all x Î (1, 6), then : 36. Let the function, f: [–7, 0] ® R be continuous on [ –7, 0]
[Sep. 04, 2020 (I)] and differentiable on (–7, 0). If f(–7) = –3 and f ¢ (x) d” 2, for
(a) f (5) + f '(5) £ 26 (b) f (5) + f '(5) ³ 28
all xÎ(–7, 0), then for all such functions f, f ¢(–1) + f(0) lies
(c) f '(5) + f ''(5) £ 20 (d) f (5) £ 10
in the interval: [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)]
31. Suppose a differentiable function f (x) satisfies the identity
(a) (– ฀ , 20] (b) [–3, 11]
f ( x + y ) = f ( x) + f ( y ) + xy 2 + x 2 y , for all real x and y. If
(c) (– ฀, 11] (d) [–6, 20]
f ( x)
lim = 1, then f '(3) is equal to ___________.
x ®0 x 37. Let S be the set of points where the function,
[NA Sep. 04, 2020 (I)]
f(x) = |2 – |x – 3||, xÎR, is not differentiable.
ìp -1
ïï 4 + tan x, | x |£ 1 Then å f(f(x)) is equal to ¾¾¾. [NA Jan. 7, 2020 (I)]
32. The function f ( x) = í xÎS
ï 1 (| x | -1) , | x |> 1
ïî 2 ì sin (p + 1) x + sin x
is : [Sep. 04, 2020 (II)] ï ,x < 0
x
(a) continuous on R – {1} and differentiable on ï
38. If f (x) = í q ,x=0
R – {–1, 1}. ï
ï x + x2 - x
(b) both continuous and differentiable on R – {1}. , x >0
(c) continuous on R – {–1} and differentiable on î x3/2
R – {–1, 1}. is continuous at x = 0, then the ordered pair (p, q) is equal to:
(d) both continuous and differentiable on R – {–1}.
[April 10, 2019 (I)]
ì sin(a + 2) x + sin x æ 3 1ö æ 1 3ö
ï ; x<0 (a) ç - , - ÷ (b) ç - , ÷
ïï x è 2 2ø è 2 2ø
33. If f ( x) = í b ; x =0
ï æ 3 1ö æ5 1ö
(c) ç - , ÷ (d) ç , ÷
ï ( x + 3x ) - x
2 1/3 1/3
; x>0 è 2 2ø è2 2ø
ïî x 4/3
39. Let f(x) = loge (sinx), (0 < x < p) and g(x) = sin–1 (e–x), (x > 0).
is continuous at x = 0, then a + 2b is equal to: If a is a positive real number such that a = (fog)¢ (a) and
b = (fog) ( a), then: [April 10, 2019 (II)]
[Jan. 9, 2020 (I)]
2 2
(a) aa + ba + a = 0 (b) aa – ba – a =1
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) –2
(c) aa2 – ba – a = 0 (d) aa2 + ba – a = – 2a2

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Continuity and Differentiability M-313

40. Let f : R ® R be differentiable at c Î R and f (c) = 0. If (a) is an empty set

g (x) = f (x) , then at x = c, g is : [April 10, 2019 (I)] (b) equals {– 2, – 1, 0, 1, 2}

(a) not differentiable if f '(c) = 0 (c) equals {– 2, – 1, 1, 2}

(b) differentiable if f "(c) ¹ 0 (d) equals {– 2, 2}

(c) differentiable if f ' (c) = 0 48. Let f : (– 1, 1) ® R be a function defined by f (x) = max

41.
(d) not differentiable
Let f(x) = 15 – |x – 10|; x Î R. Then the set of all values of x, { - | x |, - }
1 - x 2 . If K be the set of all points at which f

at which the function, g(x) = f (f(x)) is not is not differentiable, then K has exactly:
differentiable, is: [April 09, 2019 (I)] [Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
(a) five elements (b) one element
(a) {5, 10, 15} (b) {10, 15}
(c) three elements (d) two elements
(c) {5, 10, 15, 20} (d) {10}
42. If f (1) = 1, f¢(1) = 3, then the derivative of 49. Let S = { t Î R : f (x) = | x - p | (e|x| - 1)sin | x | is not
differentiable at t}. Then the set S is equal to : [2018]
f (f (f (x))) + (f (x))2 at x = 1 is : [April 08, 2019 (II)]
(a) {0} (b) {p}
(a) 33 (b) 12 (c) 15 (d) 9
(c) {0, p} (d) f (an empty set)
43. Let f be a differentiable function such that f(1) = 2 and 50. Let S = {(l, m) Î R × R : f (t) = (|l|e|t| – m). sin (2|t|), t Î R, is
f ¢ (x) = f (x) for all x Î R. If h (x) = f ( f (x)), then h¢ (1) is equal a differentiable function}. Then S is a subest of?
to : [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
2
[Online April 15, 2018]
(a) 2e (b) 4e (c) 2e (d) 4e2
(a) R × [0, ¥) (b) (–¥, 0) × R
ìï -1, -2 £ x < 0 (c) [0, ¥) × R (d) R × (–¥, 0)
44. Let f ( x ) = í 2 and 51. If the function
ïî x - 1, 0 £ x £ 2
g(x) = |f(x)| + f(|x|). Then, in the interval (–2, 2), g is : ìï- x, x <1
f(x) = í -1 is differentiable at
[Jan. 11, 2019 (I)] ïîa + cos (x + b), 1 £ x £ 2
(a) differentiable at all points
(b) not continuous a
x = 1, then is equal to : [Online April 9, 2016]
(c) not differentiable at two points b
(d) not differentiable at one point p+2 p-2
(a) (b)
dy 2 2
45. If x log e ( log e x ) - x 2 + y 2 = 4 ( y > 0 ) , then at x = e is
dx -p - 2
equal to : [Jan. 11, 2019 (I)] (c) (d) –1 – cos–1(2)
2
(1 + 2e ) ( 2e –1) 52. If the function.
(a) (b)
2 4 + e2 2 4 + e2 ìï k x + 1, 0 £ x £ 3
g(x) = í is differentiable, then the
(1 + 2e ) e ïî m x + 2, 3 < x £ 5
(c) (d) value of k + m is : [2015]
4+e 2
4 + e2
10
46. Let K be the set of all real values of x where the function (a) (b) 4
3
f (x) = sin | x | – | x | + 2 (x – p) cos | x | is not differentiable. 16
Then the set K is equal to : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)] (c) 2 (d)
5
(a) f (an empty set) (b) {p}
(c) {0} (d) {0, p} 53. Let f: R ® R be a function such that f ( x ) £ x 2 , for all
x Î R . Then, at x = 0, f is: [Online April 19, 2014]
ìïmax {| x |, x 2 } | x|£ 2
47. Let f (x) = í (a) continuous but not differentiable.
ïî 8 - 2 | x |, 2 <| x|£ 4 (b) continuous as well as differentiable.
Let S be the set of points in the interval (– 4, 4) at which f (c) neither continuous nor differentiable.
is not differentiable. Then S: [Jan 10, 2019 (I)] (d) differentiable but not continuous.

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 EBD_8344
M-314 Mathematics

54. Let f, g: R ® R be two functions defined by 60. Let f : R ® R be a function defined by

ì æ1ö f (x) = min {x + 1, x + 1} ,Then which of the following is true?
ï x sin ç ÷ , x ¹ 0
f (x) = í èxø , and g(x) = x f(x) (a) f (x) is differentiable everywhere [2007]
ï0, ,x = 0
î (b) f (x) is not differentiable at x = 0
Statement I: f is a continuous function at x = 0. (c) f (x) ³ 1 for all x Î R
Statement II: g is a differentiable function at x = 0. (d) f (x) is not differentiable at x = 1
[Online April 12, 2014]
x
(a) Both statement I and II are false. 61. The set of points where f ( x ) = is differentiable is
(b) Both statement I and II are true. 1+ | x |
(c) Statement I is true, statement II is false. [2006]
(d) Statement I is false, statement II is true. (a) (-¥,0) È (0, ¥) (b) (-¥,-1) È (-1, ¥)
55. Consider the function, f (x) = | x – 2 | + | x – 5 |, x Î R.
(c) (-¥, ¥) (d) (0, ¥)
Statement-1 : f ¢(4) = 0
Statement-2 : f is continuous in [2,5], differentiable in (2,5) 62. If f is a real valued differentiable function satisfying
and f (2) = f (5). [2012] | f (x) – f (y) | £ ( x - y )2 , x, y Î R and f (0) = 0, then f (1)
(a) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true. equals [2005]
(b) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is (a) – 1 (b) 0
a correct explanation for Statement-1. (c) 2 (d) 1
(c) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true; statement-2 is
63. Suppose f (x) is differentiable at x = 1 and
not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(d) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false. 1
lim f (1 + h) = 5 , then f '(1) equals [2005]
56. If f(x) = a |sinx| + be |x| + c|x|3, where a, b, c Î R, is h®0 h
differentiable at x = 0, then [Online May 26, 2012] (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
(a) a = 0, b and c are any real numbers
(b) c = 0, a = 0, b is any real number ì æ 1 1ö
ï -ç + ÷
(c) b = 0, c = 0, a is any real number 64. If f ( x ) = í xe è x x ø , x ¹ 0 then f(x) is
(d) a = 0, b = 0, c is any real number ï0 ,x = 0
î
57. If x + | y | = 2y, then y as a function of x, at x = 0 is
[Online May 7, 2012] (a) discontinuous every where [2003]
(a) differentiable but not continuous (b) continuous as well as differentiable for all x
(b) continuous but not differentiable (c) continuous for all x but not differentiable at x = 0
(c) continuous as well as differentiable (d) neither differentiable nor continuous at x = 0
(d) neither continuous nor differentiable
58. If function f (x) is differentiable at x = a, Chain Rule of Differentiation,
Differentiation of Explicit & Implicit
x2 f (a) - a2 f ( x) Functions, Parametric & Composite
then xlim
®a
is : [2011RS] TOPIC Đ Functions, Logarithmic & Exponential
x-a Functions, Inverse Functions,
(a) -a 2 f ' ( a ) (b) a f (a ) - a 2 f ' ( a )
Differentiation by Trigonometric
Substitution
(c) 2af ( a) - a 2 f ' ( a) (d) 2a f (a) +a f '(a)
2

æ 1 + x2 - 1 ö
ì 1 65. The derivative of tan -1 ç ÷ with respect to
ï( x –1) sin if x ¹ 1 ç x ÷
59. Let f ( x) = í x –1 [2008] è ø
ïî 0 if x = 1
æ 2x 1- x2 ö
Then which one of the following is true? tan -1 ç ÷ at x = 1 is : [Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
ç 1 - 2x2 ÷ 2
(a) f is neither differentiable at x = 0 nor at x =1 è ø
(b) f is differentiable at x = 0 and at x =1
(c) f is differentiable at x = 0 but not at x = 1 2 3 3 2 3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(d) f is differentiable at x = 1 but not at x = 0 5 12 3 10

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Continuity and Differentiability M-315

66. If (a + 2b cos x)(a - 2b cos y) = a 2 - b 2 , where a > b > 0, 2 1

(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 2
3 2
dx æ p p ö
then at ç , ÷ is : [Sep. 04, 2020 (I)] 2
dy è 4 4 ø æ -1 æ 3 cos x + sin x ö ö æ pö dy
73. If 2y = çç cot çç ÷÷ ÷÷ , x Î ç 0, ÷ then
a - 2b a -b a+b 2a + b è è cos x - 3 sin x ø ø è 2ø dx
(a) (b) (c) (d)
a + 2b a+b a -b 2a - b is equal to : [April 08, 2019 (I)]
6
-1 ì 3 ü p p p p
å k cos
4 dy
67. If y = í cos kx - sin kx ý, then at x = 0 is (a) – x (b) x – (c) –x (d) 2x –
î 5 5 þ dx 6 6 3 3
k =1
74. Let S be the set of all points in (–p,p) at which the function
___________. [NA Sep. 02, 2020 (II)] f(x) = min {sinx, cosx} is not differentiable. Then S is a
68. If x = 2sinq – sin2q and y = 2cosq – cos2q, q Î [0, 2p], then subset of which of the following? [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]

d2y ì p pü ì 3p p 3p p ü
at q = p is : (a) í- , 0, ý (b) í- , - , , ý
dx 2
[Jan. 9, 2020 (II)] î 4 4þ î 4 4 4 4þ

3 3 3 3 ì p p p pü ì 3p p p 3p ü
(a) (b) - (c) (d) - (c) í- , - , , ý (d) í- , - , , ý
4 8 2 4 î 2 4 4 2þ î 4 2 2 4 þ
dy
æ tan a + cot a ö æ 3p ö For x > 1, if ( 2 x )2 y = 4e 2 x- 2 y , then (1 + log e 2 x )
1 2
If y (a) = 2 ç ÷ + 2 , a Î ç 4 , p ÷ , then
75. is
69. dx
2
è 1 + tan a ø sin a è ø
equal to : [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
dy 5p x log e 2 x - log e 2
at a = is: [Jan. 7, 2020 (I)] (a) (b) loge 2x
da 6 x
4 1 x log e 2 x + log e 2
(a) 4 (b) (c) –4 (d) - (c) (d) x loge 2x
3 4 x
70. Let y = y(x) be a function of x satisfying 76. Let f : R ® R be a function such that
f (x) = x3 + x2f¢(1) + xf ²(2) + f ¢²(3), xÎR. Then f (2) equals:
= k – x 1 - y where k is a constant and
2
y 1 - x2 [Jan 10, 2019 (I)]
(a) – 4 (b) 30 (c) – 2 (d) 8
æ 1ö 1 dy 1
y ç ÷ = - . Then at x = , is equal to:
d2y
è 2ø 4 dx 2
77. If x = 3 tan t and y = 3 sec t, then the value of at
[Jan. 7, 2020 (II)] dx 2
p
5 5 2 5 t= , is: [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
(a) - (b) - (c) (d) 4
4 2 5 2 1 1 3 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
æ dy d 2 y ö 3 2 6 2 2 2 6
71. If ey + xy = e, the ordered pair çç dx , 2 ÷÷ at x = 0 is
è dx ø
78. If x = 2cosec
–1
t
and y = 2sec
–1
t dy
(| t | ³ 1), then
is
equal to : [April 12, 2019 (I)] dx
equal to. [Online April 16, 2018]
æ1 1 ö æ 1 1 ö
(a) ç , - 2 ÷ (b) ç - , 2 ÷ y y x x
èe e ø è e e ø (a) (b) – (c) – (d)
x x y y
æ1 1 ö æ 1 1ö cos x x 1
(c) ç , 2 ÷ (d) ç - , - 2 ÷ f ¢ (x)
èe e ø è e e ø 79. If f (x) = 2 sin x x 2
2 x , then lim
x®0 x
-1 æ sin x - cos x ö x tan x x 1
72. The derivative of tan ç ÷ , with respect to ,
è sin x + cos x ø 2 [Online April 15, 2018]
(a) Exists and is equal to – 2
æ æ p öö (b) Does not exist
where ç x Î ç 0, 2 ÷ ÷ is : [April 12, 2019 (II)]
è è øø (c) Exist and is equal to 0
(d) Exists and is equal to 2

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 EBD_8344
M-316 Mathematics

æ 2 ´ 3x ö æ 1ö x2 y2 x2 + y2 x2 + y2
80. If f (x) = sin -1 çç x ÷
÷ , then f ¢ ç - ÷ equals. (a) (b) (c) (d)
è1+ 9 ø è 2ø y2 x2 y2 x2
[Online April 15, 2018] x2 - x d
88. Let f (x) = .x ¹ 0, -2 . Then [ f -1 ( x )] (wherever
(a) 3 log e 3 (b) - 3 log e 3 x + 2x
2 dx
it is defined) is equal to : [Online April 9, 2013]
(c) - 3 loge 3 (d) 3 loge 3 -1 3
(a) (b)
2
(1 - x ) (1 - x )2
d2 y
81. If x2 + y2 + sin y = 4, then the value of at the point
dx 2 1 -3
(c) 2
(d)
(– 2, 0) is [Online April 15, 2018] (1 - x ) (1 - x )2
(a) – 34 (b) – 32 (c) – 2 (d) 4
æ 2 x + 3ö dy
If f ¢(x) = sin (log x) and y = f ç
è 3 - 2 x ÷ø
89. , then equals
æ 1ö æ 6x x ö dx
82. If for x Îç 0, ÷ , the derivative of tan -1 ç ÷ is
è 4ø è 1 - 9x 3 ø [Online May 12, 2012]
é æ 2x + 3ö ù
x.g ( x ) , then g(x) equals : (a) sin ê log ç
è 3 - 2 x ÷ø úû
[2017]
ë
3 9 12
(a) (b) (b)
( 3 - 2 x)2
3
1 + 9x 1 + 9x3

3x x 3x 12 é æ 2 x + 3ö ù
(c) (d) sin êlog ç ÷ú
ë è 3 - 2x ø û
(c)
1 - 9x 3 1 - 9x 3
( 3 - 2 x) 2

83. For x Î R, f(x) = |log2 – sinx| and g(x) = f(f(x)), then : 12 é æ 2 x + 3ö ù

[2016] (d) cos êlog ç ÷ú
( 3 - 2 x) 2
ë è 3 - 2x ø û
(a) g'(0) = – cos(log2)
(b) g is differentiable at x = 0 and g'(0) = – sin(log2) 90. Let f : (–1, 1) ® R be a differentiable function with f (0) = –
(c) g is not differentiable at x = 0 1 and f ¢ (0) = 1. Let g(x) = [f (2f (x) + 2)]2. Then g¢(0) =
(d) g'(0) = cos(log2) [2010]
(a) –4 (b) 0 (c) –2 (d) 4
1 Let y be an implicit function of x defined by
84. If f (x) = x2 – x + 5, x > , and g(x) is its inverse function, 91.
2 x2x – 2xx cot y – 1= 0. Then y¢(1) equals [2009]
then g¢(7) equals: [Online April 12, 2014] (a) 1 (b) log 2 (c) –log 2 (d) –1
dy
(a) -
1
(b)
1
(c)
1
(d) -
1 92. If x m . y n = ( x + y ) m+ n , then is [2006]
3 13 3 13 dx

(b) x + y
y x
dy (a) (c) xy (d)
85. If y = sec(tan–1x), then at x = 1 is equal to : [2013] x xy y
dx
y +L to ¥ dy
1 1 93. If x = e y + e , x > 0, then
is [2004]
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) dx
2 2 2
1+ x 1 1- x x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
x2 y 2 x x x 1+ x
86. If the curves + = 1 and y3 = 16x intersect at right 94. Let f (x) be a polynomial function of second degree.
a 4
If f(1) = f(-1) and a, b, c are in A. P , then f '(a), f ¢ (b), f '(c)
angles, then a value of a is : [Online April 23, 2013]
are in [2003]
4 1 3 (a) Arithmetic -Geometric Progression
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d)
3 2 4 (b) A.P
(c) G..P
æ pö -1 cos-1 t
87. For a > 0, t Î ç 0, ÷ , let x = asin t and y = a , (d) H.P.
è 2ø
95. If f ( x + y ) = f ( x ). f ( y )"x. y and f (5) = 2,
2
Then, 1 + æç ö÷ equals : f '(0) = 3, then f ¢ (5) is
dy [2002]
[Online April 22, 2013]
è dx ø (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 6 (d) 2

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Continuity and Differentiability M-317

102. Let f be a polynomial function such that f (3x) = f ¢ (x) , f ²

Differentiation of Infinite Series, (x), for all x Î R. Then : [Online April 9, 2017]
Successive Differentiation, nth (a) f (b) + f ¢ (b) = 28
Derivative of Some Standard (b) f ² (b) – f ¢ (b) = 0
TOPIC Ė Functions, Leibnitz’s Theorem, (c) f ² (b) – f ¢ (b) = 4
Rolle’s Theorem, Lagrange’s Mean (d) f (b) – f ¢ (b) + f ² (b) = 10
Value Theorem
15 15
103. If y = é x + x 2 - 1ù + éê x - x 2 - 1ùú , then
96. For all twice differentiable functios f : R®R, with êë úû ë û
f(0) = f(1) = f’(0) = 0 [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
d2 y dy
(x 2 - 1) +x is equal to [Online April 8, 2017]
(a) f "( x ) ¹ 0 at every point x Î (0,1) dx 2 dx

(b) f "(x) = 0, for some x Î (0,1) (a) 12 y (b) 224 y2 (c) 225 y2 (d) 225 y
104. If Rolle’s theorem holds for the function f (x) 2x3 + bx2
(c) f "(0) = 0
1
(d) f "(x) = 0, at every point x Î (0,1) + cx, x Î [–1, 1], at the point x = , then 2b + c equals :
2
æ p pö [Online April 10, 2015]
If y + log e (cos x) = y, x Î ç - , ÷ , then :
2 2
97. (a) –3 (b) –1 (c) 2 (d) 1
è 2 2ø
105. If f and g are differentiable functions in [0, 1] satisfying
[Sep. 03, 2020 (I)]
f (0) = 2 = g(1), g(0) = 0 and f (1) = 6, then for some c Î]0,1[
(a) y ''(0) = 0 (b) | y '(0) | + | y ''(0) |= 1 [2014]
(c) | y ''(0) |= 2 (d) | y '(0) | + | y ''(0) |= 3 (a) f ¢(c) = g¢(c) (b) f ¢(c) = 2g ¢(c)
(c) 2f ¢(c) = g ¢(c) (d) 2f ¢(c) = 3g¢(c)
98. If c is a point at which Rolle’s theorem holds for the 106. Let f(x) = x|x|, g(x) = sin x and h(x) = (gof) (x). Then
æ x2 + a ö [Online April 11, 2014]
function, f ( x ) = log e ç ÷ in the interval [3, 4], where (a) h(x) is not differentiable at x = 0.
è 7x ø (b) h(x) is differentiable at x = 0, but h¢(x) is not continuous
a Î R, then f ²(c) is equal to: [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)] at x = 0
(c) h¢(x) is continuous at x = 0 but it is not differentiable at
1 1 1 3 x= 0
(a) - (b) (c) - (d)
12 12 24 7 (d) h¢(x) is differentiable at x = 0
1 107. Let for i = 1, 2, 3, pi(x) be a polynomial of degree 2 in x, p¢i(x)
dy æ y ö 3 and p¢¢i(x) be the first and second order derivatives of pi(x)
99. k k k
Let x + y = a , (a, k > 0) and + ç ÷ = 0, then k is:
dx è x ø respectively. Let,
[Jan. 7, 2020 (I)] é p ( x ) p ¢ ( x ) p ¢¢ ( x ) ù
3 4 2 1 ê 1 1 1
ú
(a) (b) (c) (d) A ( x ) = p2 ( x ) p2 ( x ) p2¢¢ ( x ) ú
ê ¢
2 3 3 3 ê ú
ê p3 ( x ) p3¢ ( x ) p3¢¢ ( x ) ú
100. The value of c in the Lagrange’s mean value theorem for ë û
the function f(x) = x3 – 4x2 + 8x + 11, when x Î [0,1] is: and B(x) = [A(x)]T A(x). Then determinant of B(x):
[Jan. 7, 2020 (II)] [Online April 11, 2014]
(a) is a polynomial of degree 6 in x.
4- 5 4- 7 (b) is a polynomial of degree 3 in x.
(a) (b)
3 3 (c) is a polynomial of degree 2 in x.
2 7-2 (d) does not depend on x.
(c) (d) 108. If the Rolle’s theorem h olds for the function
3 3
f(x) = 2x3 + ax2 + bx in the interval [– 1, 1] for the point
1 1
- d2y dy
101. If 2 x = y5 +y 5 = and (x2 – 1) + lx
+ ky = 0, 1
2 dx c= , then the value of 2a + b is: [Online April 9, 2014]
dx 2
then l + k is equal to : [Online April 9, 2017] (a) 1 (b) – 1 (c) 2 (d) – 2
(a) – 23 (b) – 24 (c) 26 (d) – 26

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 EBD_8344
M-318 Mathematics

109. If f (x) = sin (sin x) and f "(x) + tan x f¢ (x) + g(x) = 0, then 114. Let f be differentiable for all x. If f (1) = – 2 and
g(x) is : [Online April 23, 2013] f '( x) ³ 2 for x Î [1, 6], then [2005]
(a) cos2 x cos (sin x) (b) sin2 x cos (cos x)
(c) sin2 x sin (cos x) (d) cos2 x sin (sin x) (a) f (6) ³ 8(b) f (6) < 8 (c) f (6) < 5 (d) f (6) = 5
110. Consider a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where 115. If the equation an x n + an -1 x n -1 + ............. + a1 x = 0
x3 x2 a1 ¹ 0, n ³ 2, has a positive root x = a , then the equation
2a + 3b + 6c = 0 and let g ( x ) = a + b + cx .
3 2
n -2
[Online May 19, 2012] nan x n -1 + (n – 1) an -1 x + ......... + a1 = 0 has a positive
Statement 1: The quadratic equation has at least one root root, which is [2005]
in the interval (0, 1). (a) greater than a
Statement 2: The Rolle’s theorem is applicable to function (b) smaller than a
g(x) on the interval [0, 1]. (c) greater than or equal to a
(a) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true. (d) equal to a
(b) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false. 116. If 2a + 3b + 6c = 0, then at least one root of the equation
(c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is
not a correct explanation for Statement 1. ax 2 + bx + c = 0 lies in the interval [2004]
(d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, , Statement 2 is (a) (1, 3) (b) (1, 2) (c) (2, 3) (d) (0, 1)
a correct explanation for Statement 1.
117. If f ( x) = x n , then the value of [2003]
2
d x
111. equals : [2011] f ' (1) f ' ' (1) f ' ' ' (1) ( -1) n f n (1)
dy 2 f (1) - + - + .......... is
1! 2! 3! n!
-1
æ d2y ö æ dy ö
-3 æ d 2 y ö æ dy ö -2
(a) - ç 2 ÷ çè ÷ø (b) ç 2 ÷ çè dx ÷ø (a) 1 (b) 2 n (c) 2 n - 1 (d) 0.
è dx ø dx è dx ø
118. Let f (a) = g (a) = k and their nth derivatives
-1
æ d 2 y ö æ dy ö -3 æd2yö
- f n (a) , g n (a) exist and are not equal for some n. Further
(c) ç 2 ÷ çè dx ÷ø (d) ç 2 ÷
è dx ø è dx ø if
112. Let f (x) = x | x | and g (x) = sin x. f ( a ) g ( x) - f ( a ) - g ( a ) f ( x ) + f ( a )
Statement-1 : gof is differentiable at x = 0 and its derivative lim =4
x ®a g ( x) - f ( x)
is continuous at that point.
Statement-2 : gof is twice differentiable at x = 0. [2009] then the value of k is [2003]
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is (a) 0 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 1
not a correct explanation for Statement-1.
d2y dy
(b) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false. 119. If y = (x + 1 + x 2 )n, then (1 + x2) 2
+x is [2002]
dx dx
(c) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
(d) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is (a) n 2y (b) – n2y
(c) –y (d) 2x2y
a correct explanation for Statement-1. 120. If 2a + 3b + 6c = 0, (a, b, c Î R) then the quadratic equation
113. A value of c for which conclusion of Mean Value Theorem ax2 + bx + c = 0 has [2002]
holds for the function f (x) = loge x on the interval [1, 3] is (a) at least one root in [0, 1]
[2007] (b) at least one root in [2, 3]
(c) at least one root in [4, 5]
1
(a) log3e (b) loge3 (c) 2 log3e (d) log e (d) None of these
2 3

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Continuity and Differentiability M-319

1. (8) We know [x] discontinuous for x Î Z

æ 1 æ 1 + 3x ö ö
4. (5) lim f ( x) = lim ç ln ç ÷÷
éxù x x ®0 x®0 è x è 1 - 2 x ø ø
f ( x ) = x ê ú may be discontinuous where is an
ë û
2 2
æ ln(1 + 3x) ln(1 - 2 x) ö
integer. = lim ç - ÷
x ®0 è x x ø
So, points of discontinuity are,
x = ±2, ± 4, ± 6, ± 8 and 0 æ 3ln(1 + 3x) 2ln(1 - 2 x) ö
= lim ç - ÷
but at x = 0 x ®0 è 3x -2 x ø
=3+ 2=5
lim f ( x ) = 0 = f (0) = lim f ( x)
x ® 0+ x ® 0- Q f(x) will be continuous
So, f (x) will be discontinuous at x = ±2, ±4, ±6 and ±8. \ k = f (0) = lim f ( x ) = 5
x®0
2. (d) Since, function f (x) is continuous at x = 1, 3
5. (b) Since, f(x) is continuous, then
\ f (1) = f (1+ )
lim f ( x)
p
æpö
Þ ae + be -1 = c ...(i) x® = fç ÷
4 è4ø
f (3) = f (3+ )
2 cos x - 1
lim =k
Þ 9c = 9a + 6c Þ c = 3a ...(ii) p cot x - 1
x®
From (i) and (ii), 4

b = ae(3 - e) ...(iii) Now by L- hospital’s rule

é ae x - be - x -1 < x < 1 æ 1 ö
2ç ÷
ê 2 sin x è 2 ø =k Þ k = 1
f '( x ) = ê 2cx 1< x < 3 lim = k Þ
ê 2ax + 2c 3< x< 4
p 2
x ® c osec x ( 2 )2 2
ë 4

f '(0) = a - b, f '(2) = 4c æ éxùö

6. (a) L.H.L. lim- ç [ x ] - ê ú ÷ = 3 - 0 = 3
Given, f '(0) + f '(2)= e x®4 è ë 4ûø

a - b + 4c= e ...(iv) éxù

From eqs. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), R.H.L. lim+ [ x ] - ê ú = 4 - 1 = 3
x ®4 ë4û
a - 3ae + ae 2 + 12a = e é4ù
f ( 4 ) = [ 4] - ê ú = 4 - 1 = 3
Þ 13a - 3ae + ae 2 = e ë4û
e Q LHL = f (4) = RHL
Þa=
e 2 - 3e + 13 \ f (x) is continuous at x = 4

é4ù é 4 ì 4 üù 7. (d) R.H.L. lim+ b ( x - p ) + 3 = ( 5 - p ) b + 3

3. (a) lim x ê ú = A Þ lim x ê - í ý ú = A x ®5
x ®0 ë x û x ®0 ë x î x þ û
f (5) = L.H.L. lim- a ( p - x ) + 1 = a ( 5 - p ) + 1
Þ lim 4 - x ìí üý = A Þ 4 – 0 = A
4 x ®5
x ®0 îxþ Q function is continuous at x = 5
As, f (x) = [x2]sin(px) will be discontinuous at non-integers \ LHL = RHL
And, when x = A + 1 Þ x = 5 , (5 – p) b + 3 = (5 – p) a + 1
which is not an integer. 2
Þ 2 = (a – b) (5 – p) Þ a - b =
Hence, f (x) is discontinuous when x is equal to A +1 5- p

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 EBD_8344
M-320 Mathematics

8. (c) Given function is, For the limit to exist, power of x in the numerator should be
greater than or equal to the power of x in the denominator.
ì| x | +[ x], -1 £ x < 1 Therefore, coefficient of x in numerator is equal to ero
ï
x + | x |, 1 £ x < 2 Þ 3–k=0
f (x) = í
ï x + [ x ], 2£ x£3 Þ k=3
î
So the limit reduces to
ì - x - 1, -1 £ x < 0
ï x, 0 £ x <1 æ 4 8x ö
ïï ( x2 ) ç + + ... ÷
è 2! 3! ø
= í 2 x, 1£ x < 2 lim
ï x + 2, 2 £ x < 3
x ®0 æ 4 x 8x 2 ö
( x 2 ) çç 2 + + + ... ÷÷
ï 2! 3!
ïî6, x=3 è ø

Þ f (–1) = 0, f (–1+) = 0; 4 8x
+ + ...
f (0–) = –1, f (0) = 0, f (0+) = 0; = lim 2! 3! =1
x ®0 4 x 8 x2
f (1–) = 1, f (1) = 2, f (1+) = 2; 2+ + + ...
2! 3!
f (2–) = 4, f (2) = 4, f (2+) = 4;
Hence, f (0) = 1
f (3–) = 5, f (3) = 6
11. (c) Since f (x) is continuous at x = 2.
f (x) is discontinuous at x = {0, 1, 3}
\ lim f ( x ) = f (2)
Hence, f (x) is discontinuous at only three points. x®2
9. (d) Let f(x) is continuous at x = 1, then 1
f(1–) = f(1) = f(1+) Þ lim ( x - 1) 2-x
=k (1¥ form)
Þ 5=a+b ...(1) x®2

Let f(x) is continuous at x = 3, then \ el = k

f(3–) = f(3) = f(3+) 1 x-2
Þ a + 3b = b + 15 ...(2) where l = lim ( x - 1 - 1) ´ = lim
x®2 2 - x x®2 2 - x
Let f(x) is continuous at x = 5, then
æ x-2ö
f(5–) = f(5) = f(5+) = lim ç ÷
x ®2 è x - 2 ø
Þ b + 25 = 30
Þ b = 30 – 25 = 5 Þ k = e–1
From (1), a = 0 12. (c) lim f ( x ) = f (p 2 )
x ®p 2
But a = 0, b = 5 do not satisfy equation (2)
Hence, f(x) is not continuous for any values of a and b 2 3
Þ k + 2 5 =1 Þ k = 1 – Þ k=
10. (a) If the function is continuous at x = 0, then 5 5
lim f ( x) will exist and f (0) = lim f ( x) 2x2 2b 2 - 4b
x®0 x®0
a a x3
æ 1 k -1 ö 13. (c)
Now, lim f ( x) = lim ç - 2 x ÷ 0 1 2
x ®0 x ®0 x
è e -1 ø
Continuity at x = 1
æ e 2 x - 1 - kx + x ö
= lim çç ÷÷ 2
x®0
è ( x ) ( e - 1) ø
2x =a Þa= ± 2
a
éæ (2 x) 2 (2 x )3 ö ù Continuity at x = 2 a= 2
ê ç1 + 2 x + + + ... ÷ - 1 - kx + x ú
ê çè 2! 3! ÷
ø ú 2b 2 - 4b
= lim ê ú a=
ê ( x) æç æ1 + 2 x + (2 x ) + (2 x ) + ... ö - 1ö÷ ú
x® 0 2 3
2 2
ê ççç ÷
÷ ÷ú
ë èè 2! 3! ø øû Put a = 2
é ù
2 = b2 – 2b Þ b2 – 2b – 2 = 0
4 x2 8x 3
ê (3 - k ) x + + + ... ú 2 ± 4 + 4.2 1 ± 3
= xlim ê 2! 3! ú b= =
®0 ê æ 4 x 3
8 x 3 ö ú 2
ê ç 2x + + + ... ÷ ú
2

êë è 2! 3! ø úû So, (a, b) = ( 2,1 - 3)

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Continuity and Differentiability M-321

14. (c) Since f(x) is a continuous function therefore limit of 4 æ 1 ö

f(x) at x ® 0 = value of f(x) at 0. = lim
9 ´ 2 x®0 ç sin 2 3 x ÷
(e x - 1)2 ç ÷
\ lim f ( x) = lim ç 2 ÷
2
x ®0 x ®0 æxö æ xö ç æ 3x ö ÷
sin ç ÷ log ç 1 + ÷ çè çè 2 ÷ø ÷ø
èk ø è 4ø
2
æ ex -1 ö 2é lim1 ù
x® 0
ì sin x ü
= 1ý
x2 ç ê ú í lim
ç x ÷÷
=
9ê 3x ú î x® 0 x þ
è ø æxö sin 2
= lim ´ç ÷ ê 2 ú
x ®0 é æ x öù æ xö è4ø ê lim
sin ç ÷ ú log ç1 + ÷ x® 0 æ 3 x ö 2 ú
ê ê
x
ê è øú.
R è 4ø çè ÷ø ú
Rê x æ ö ëê 2 ûú
ú x
êë R úû ç ÷ 2 é1ù 2
è4ø . =
9 êë1úû 9
=
2
æ ex -1 ö 17. (a) Let f (x) = [x] + | 1 – x |, – 1 £ x £ 3
x2 ç ÷ 4k
ç x ÷ where [x] = greatest integer function.
è ø f is not continuous at x = 0, 1, 2, 3
= xlim
®0 æ xö
x
sin log ç 1 + ÷ But in statement-2 f (x) is continuous at x = 3.
k. è 4ø Hence, statement-1 is true and 2 is false.
x x
1
k 4 18. (b) m( x) = , which is discontinous at x = 1
x -1
on applying limit we get
1 1
4k = 12 Þ k = 3 f (u) = 2 = ,
u + u - 2 (u + 2) (u - 1)
2 + cos x - 1 which is discontinous at u = – 2, 1
15. (d) Since f (x) = is
( p - x) 2 1 1
when u = – 2, then = -2 Þ x =
Continuous at x = p x -1 2
\ L.H.L = R.H.L = f (p) 1
Let (p – x) = q, q ® 0 when x ® p when u = 1, then =1 Þ x = 2
x -1
2 - cos q - 1 Hence given composite function is discontinous at three
\ lim
q® 0 q2 1
points, x = 1, and 2.
2
(2 - cos q) - 1 1
= lim ´ 19. (d) fog = f (g(x)) = f (1 – | x |)
q®0 q 2 2 - cos q + 1
= –1 + 1- | x | -2
1 - cos q 1
= lim . (Q cos 0 = 1) = –1 + - | x | -1 = -1 + | x | +1
q®0
q2 2
Let fog = y
2 lim sin q / 2
2
1 2sin 2 q / 2
= lim = \ y = -1 + | x | +1
2 q® 0 q2 2 q® 0 q 2
4
.4
Þ y= { -1 + x + 1, x ³ 0
-1 - x + 1, x < 0
æ sin x ö
{
1
= çèQ lim = 1÷ x, x ³ 0
4 x® 0 x ø Þ y=
- x, x < 0
æ 9ö 2
16. (b) Given that f çè ÷ø = LHL at (x = 0) = lim (- x) = 0
2 9 x®0

æ x2 ö RHL at (x = 0) = lim ( x ) = 0
æ 1 - cos 3x ö lim x ®0
lim f ç ÷ = ç ÷
x®0 è x 2 ø x ® 0 è 1 - cos 3 x ø When x = 0, then y = 0
Hence, LHL at (x = 0) = RHL at (x = 0)
æ ö æ 9 2 4ö = value of y at (x = 0)
x2 .x .
lim ç ÷ 1 ç4 9÷ Hence y is continuous at x = 0.
= x ®0 ç 2 3x ÷ = lim ç 2 3x ÷
ç 2 sin ÷ 2 x ® 0
ç sin ÷ Clearly at all other point y continuous. Therefore, the set
è 2 ø è 2ø of all points where fog is discontinuous is an empty set.

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 EBD_8344
M-322 Mathematics

2x - 1 ö L.H .L = lim- f ( x)
20. (a) Let f ( x ) = [ x ] cos æç
24. (b)
÷ ( at x =0) x ®0
è 2 ø
We know that [x] is discontinuous at all integral points sin{( p + 1)( - h)} - sinh
= lim =p+1+1=p+2
and cos x is continuous at xÎ R. h®0 -h
So, check at x = n, n Î I
R.H .L = lim+ f ( x)
æ 2x - 1 ö ( at x = 0) x®0
L.H.L = lim- [ x ] cos ç ÷p
x ®n è 2 ø
æ 2n –1ö x + x2 – x x + x2 + x 1 1
= ( n – 1) cos ç π=0 = lim ´ =
è 2 ÷ø h ®0
=
x 3/ 2
x+ x + x 2 1+1 2
(Q [x] is the greatest integer function) f (0) = 2
æ 2x - 1 ö Given that f(x) is continuous at x = 0
R.H.L = lim+ [ x ] cos ç ÷p 1
x ®n è 2 ø \p+2=q=
æ 2n - 1 ö 2
= n cos ç ÷p = 0
è 2 ø 3 1
Now, value of the function at x = n is Þ p = - ,q =
2 2
f (n) = 0 1 2
Since, L.H.L = R.H.L. = f (n) 25. (b) Given, f (x) = - 2 x is continuous at x = 0
x e -1
æ 2x - 1 ö
\ f (x) = [x] cos ç ÷ is continuous for every real x. 1 2
è 2 ø Þ f (0) = lim -
x®0 x e -1
2 x
x
21. (d) Consider £ f ( x) £ 6 - x
[ x] ( e2 x - 1) - 2 x
é0 ù
= lim ; ê form ú
x 2 x ® 0 x (e - 1) 2x
ë0 û
Þ lim- = =2
x®2 [ x ] 1 \ Applying, L'Hospital rule
Differentiate two times, we get
Þ lim 6- x = 2
x ® 2- 4e 2 x
f (0) = lim
x ® 0 2( xe 2 x 2 + e 2 x .1) + e 2 x .2
\ lim f (x) = 2 [By Sandwich theorem]
x® 2-
4e 2 x é0 ù
x = lim êë 0 form úû
Now lim+ = 1 , lim+ 6 - x = 2 x ® 0 4 xe 2x
+ 2e 2x
+ 2e 2x
x®2 [ x] x ®2 2x
4e 4.e0
Hence by Sandwich theorem lim+ f ( x ) does not exists. = lim = =1
x ® 0 4( xe 2 x + e 2 x ) 4(0 + e0 )
x®2
Therefore f is not continuous at x = 2. Thus statement-1 1 - tan x é pù
is true but statement-2 is not true 26. (c) Given that f ( x) = is continuous in ê0, 2 ú
4x - p ë û
22. (d) Statement - 1 is true.
æ pö
It is the definition of continuity. \ f ç ÷ = lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x)
è 4ø p- p+
Statement - 2 is false. x® x®
ïì x sin (1/ x ) , x ¹ 0
4 4
æp ö
23. (c) Given that f ( x ) = í lim f ( x ) = lim f ç + h÷
ïî 0 , x = 0 p - h® 0 è 4 ø
x®
At x = 0 4

ì æ 1ö ü æp ö 1 + tan h
1 - tan ç + h÷ 1-
LHL = lim– í - h sin çè - ÷ø ý è4 ø 1 - tan h
h®0 î h þ = lim , h > 0 = lim
h ®0 æ p ö ® 4h
= 0 × a finite quantity between – 1 4 ç + h÷ - p h 0
and 1= 0 è4 ø
-2 tan h -2 1 é tan q ù
= lim . = =- êQ lim = 1ú
1 h ®0 1 - tan h 4 h 4 2 ë q® 0 q û
RHL = lim h sin =0
h®0+ h 27. (b) Let a is a rational number other than 0, in [–5, 5],
Also, f (0) = 0 then f (a) = a and lim f ( x) = -a
Thus LHL = RHL = f ( 0) x®a
\ f ( x) is continuous on R. \ x ® a– and x ® a+ is tends to irrational number
but f 2 ( x) is not continuous at x = 0 \ f (x) is discontinuous at any rational number

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Continuity and Differentiability M-323

If a is irrational number, then and also f ''( x ) ³ 4

f (a) = – a and lim f ( x) = a f '(5) - f '(2)
x®a
Þ ³ 4 Þ f '(5) ³ 12 + f '(2)
\ f (x) is not continuous at any irrational number. For x = 0, 5-2
lim f ( x) = f (0) = 0 Þ f '(5) ³ 17
x®0
\ f (x) is continuous at x = 0 Hence, f (5) + f '(5) ³ 28
31. (10.00)
28. (a)
f ( x + y ) = f ( x) + f ( y ) + xy 2 + x 2 y
2 2
y=x y=x Differentiate w.r.t. x :
y=x
f '( x + y ) = f '( x ) + 0 + y 2 + 2 xy
(0, 0) (1, 0) Put y = – x
f '(0) = f '( x) + x2 - 2 x2 ...(i)

f ( x)
Q lim = 1 Þ f (0) = 0
x®0
{ }
x
f ( x) = max . x, x 2
\ f '(0) = 1 ...(ii)
ì x2 , From equations (i) and (ii),
x<0
ï
Þ f ( x ) = í x, 0 £ x < 1 f '( x) = ( x2 + 1) Þ f '(3) = 10.
ï 2
îx , x ³1 ì - x -1
ï 2 , x < -1
\ f ( x) is not differentiable at x = 0, 1 ï
ïp
29. (a) f (x) is differentiable then, f (x) is also continuous. 32. (a) f ( x) = í + tan -1 x, - 1 £ x £ 1
ï4
\ lim f ( x) = lim f ( x) = f ( p ) ï1
x ®p + x®p - ï 2 ( x - 1), x >1
î
Þ -1 = - K 2 Þ K 2 = 1 y
ì 2 K ( x - p) : x £ p
\ f '( x) = í 1
î - K 2 sin x x>p p x -1
+ tan - 1 x
1 4
Then, lim f ( x ) = lim– f ( x ) = 0 - ( x + 1) 2
x ®p + x ®p 2
ì 2 K1 ; x£p x' x
f ''( x ) = í (–1, 0) (0, 0) (1, 0)
-
î 2 K cos x ; x>p
Then, lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x )
x ®p + x ®p -

1
Þ 2 K1 = K 2 Þ K1 =
2 y'
æ1 ö
So, (K1, K2) = ç , 1÷ It is clear from above graph that,
è2 ø f (x) is discontinuous at x = 1.
30. (b) Let f be twice differentiable function i.e. continuous on R – {1}
Q f ' ( x) ³ 1 f (x) is non-differentiable at x = – 1, 1
i.e. differentiable on R – {–1, 1}.
f (5) - f (2)
Þ ³1 sin(a + 2) x + sin x
3 33. (c) LHL = lim
x ®0 x
Þ f (5) ³ 3 + f (2)
æ sin( a + 2) x ö sin x
= lim ç ÷ ( a + 2) + lim =a+3
Þ f (5) ³ 3 + 8 Þ f (5) ³ 11 x ®0 è ( a + 2) x ø x ®0 x

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 EBD_8344
M-324 Mathematics

f (0) = b
f (0–) = hLim f (0 - h ) = Lim sin( p + 1)(-h) + sin(-h)
æ 1 ö ®0 h ®0 -h
ç (1 + 3h) 3 - 1 ÷
RHL = lim ç ÷ =1 é - sin( p + 1)h sin h ù
h ®0 ç h ÷÷ = Lim ê +
ç
è ø h® 0 ë -h h úû
Q Function f(x) is continuous sin( p + 1) h sin h
= Lim ´ ( p + 1) + Lim
\ lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x) = f (0) h® 0 h ( p + 1) h ®0 h
x ®0 - x ®0 +
= (p + 1) + 1 = p + 2 ...(2)
\ a+3=1 Þ a=–2
h2 + h - h
and b = 1 And f (0+) = Lim
h ®0
f (0 + h) =
Hence, a + 2b = 0 h3/2
34. (a) It is given that functions f and g are differentiable 1
and fog is identity function. ( h) 2 é h + 1 - 1ù
Lim ë û
\ (fog)(x) = x Þ f (g(x)) = x h® 0 æ 1ö
hç h2 ÷
=
Differentiating both sides, we get
ç ÷
f ¢(g(x)) × g¢(x) = 1 è ø
Now, put x = a, then h +1 -1 h + 1 + 1 Lim h + 1 - 1
f ¢(g(a)) × g¢(a) = 1 = Lim ´ =
h® 0 h h + 1 + 1 h®0 h( h + 1 + 1)
f ¢(b) × 5 = 1
1 1 1
= Lim = = ...(3)
1 h® 0 h +1 +1 1 + 1 2
f ¢(b) =
5 Now, from equation (1),
35. (Bonus) For a constant function f(x), option (1), (3) and 1
f (0–) = f (0) = f (0+) Þ p + 2 = q =
(4) doesn’t hold and by LMVT theorem, option (2) is 2
incorrect. 1 -3 æ 3 1ö
Þq= and p = \ (p, q) = ç - , ÷
36. (a) From, LMVT for x Î [–7, –1] 2 2 è 2 2ø
f ( -1) - f ( -7) f (-1) + 3 39. (b) f (x) = ln (sin x), g (x) = sin–1 (e–x)
£2 Þ £ 2 Þ f(–1) £ 9
( -1 + 7) 6 Þ f (g(x)) = ln (sin (sin–1 e–x)) = – x
From, LMVT for x Î [–7, 0] Þ f (g(x)) = – a

f (0) - f ( -7) But given that (fog) (a) = b

£2
(0 + 7) \ – a = b and f ‘ (g (a)) = a, i.e., a = – 1
\ aa2 – ba – a = – a2 + a2 – (– 1)
f (0) + 3
£ 2 Þ f(0) £ 11 Þ aa2 – ba – a = 1.
7
\ f (0) + f(–1) £ 20 g ( x ) - g (c )
40. (c) g '(c) = lim
37. (c) Q f(x) is non differentiable at x = 1, 3, 5 x ®c x -c
[Q |x – 3| is not differentiable at x = 3] | f ( x ) | - | f (c ) |
Þ g '(c) = lim
S f(f(x)) = f(f(1) + f(f(3)) + f(f(5)) x ®c x-c
=1+1+1=3 Since, f (c) = 0
| f ( x) |
ì Then, g '(c) = lim
ï x ®c x - c
ï sin(p + 1)x + sin x x<0 f (x)
ï Þ g '(c) = lim ; if f (x) > 0
x x®c x - c
ï
38. (c) f (x) = í q x = 0 is continuous at x = 0 - f ( x)
ï and g '(c) = lim ; if f (x) < 0
2
ï x +x - x x ®c x - c
ï 3
x>0 Þ g '(c) = f '(c) = – f ‘ (c)
ï
î x2 Þ 2f '(c) = 0 Þ f '(c) = 0
Therefore, f (0–) = f (0) = f (0+) ...(1) Hence, g (x) is differentiable if f ¢(c) = 0

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Continuity and Differentiability M-325

41. (a) Since, f(x) = 15 – |(10 – x)| ïì 1 + x - 1, -2 £ x < 0

2

\ g(x) = f(f(x)) = 15 – |10 – [15 – |10 – x|]| Þ g(x) = í 2

ïî( x - 1) + | x - 1|, 0 £ x £ 2
2

= 15 – ||10 – x| – 5|
ì x2 , -2 £ x < 0
\ Then, the points where function g(x) is Non- ï
= í 0, 0 £ x <1
differentiable are
ï 2
10 – x = 0 and |10 – x| = 5 î 2( x - 1), 1 £ x £ 2
Þ x = 10 and x – 10 = ± 5 g¢(0–) = 0, g¢(0+) = 0, g¢(1–) = 0, g¢(1+) = 4
Þ x = 10 and x = 15, 5 Þ g(x) is non-differentiable at x = 1
Þ g(x) is not differentiable at one point.
42. (a) Let g (x) = f ( f ( f (x))) + (f(x))2
45. (b) Consider the equation,
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
x loge (loge x) – x2 + y2 = 4
g' (x) = f '( f ( f (x))) f '( f (x)) f '(x) + 2 f (x) f '(x)
g' (1) = f '( f ( f (1))) f '( f (1)) f '(1) + 2 f (1) f '(1) Differentiate both sides w.r.t. x,
= f '( f (1)) f '(1) f '(1) + 2 f (1) f '(1) 1 dy
loge (log e x ) + x × - 2x + 2 y
= 3 × 3 × 3 + 2 × 1 × 3 = 27 + 6 = 33 x × log e x dx = 0
43. (b) Since, f ¢(x) = f(x)
1 dy
f ¢( x ) log e (log e x) + - 2x + 2 y
Then, =1 log e x dx = 0 ...(1)
f ( x)
When x = e, y = 4 + e 2 . Put these values in (1),
f ¢( x) f ¢( x)
Þ f ( x ) = dx Þ f ( x ) dx = òdx
dy
0 + 1 - 2e + 2 4 + e 2 =0
Þ ln |f(x)| = x + c dx
f(x) = ±ex + c ...(1) 2e - 1
dy .
Since, the given condition =
dx 2 4 + e2
f(1) = 2
From eqn (1) f(x) = ex + c = ecex 46. (a) f (x) = sin |x| – |x| + 2(x – p) cos |x|
Then, f(1) = ec × e1 There are two cases,
Þ 2=e ×e c
Case (1), x > 0
2 c f (x) = sin x – x + 2(x – p) cos x
Þ =e
e f ¢(x) = cos x – 1 + 2(1 – 0) cos x – 2 sin (x – p)
Then, from eqn (1) f ¢(x) = 3 cos x – 2(x – p) sin x – 1
2 x Then, function f(x) is differentiable for all x > 0
f(x) = e
e
Case (2) x < 0
2 x f(x) = – sin x + x + 2(x – p) cos x
Þ f ¢(x) = e
e
f ¢(x) = – cos x + 1 – 2(x – p) sin x + 2 cos x
Nowh(x) = f(f(x))
f ¢(x) = cos x + 1 – 2(x – p) sin x
Þ h¢(x) = f ¢(f(x)) × f ¢(x)
Then, function f(x) is differentiable for all x < 0
2 2 2
h¢(1) = f ¢(2) × f ¢(1) = e × × e = 4e Now check for x = 0
e e
f ¢(0+) R.H.D. = 3 – 1 = 2
ìï -1, -2 £ x < 0
44. (d) f(x) = í 2 f ¢(0–) L.H.D. = 1 + 1 = 2
ïî x - 1, 0 £ x £ 2
L.H.D. = R.H.D.
ìï -1, -2 £ | x | < 0 Then, function f(x) is differentiable for x = 0. So it is
Then, f(|x|) = í 2
ïî| x | -1, 0 £ | x | £ 2 differentiable everywhere
Þ f(|x|) = x2 – 1, –2 £ x £ 2 Hence, k = f

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 EBD_8344
M-326 Mathematics

ïìmax{| x |, x 2 } | x| £ 2 | - h - p | (e|-h| - 1)sin | - h | - 0

47. (b) Given f(x) = í L.H.D. = lim =0
ïî 8 - 2 | x | 2 < |x | £ 4 h®0 -h
\ RHD = LHD
Therefore, function is differentiable.
y = x2 y = x2 at x = 0.
y = 8 - 2|x| y = 8 - 2|x|
y = |x| y = |x| Since, the function f(x) is differentiable at all the points
including p and 0.
i.e., f(x) is every where differentiable .
Therefore, there is no element in the set S.
Þ S = f (an empty set)
50. (a) S = {(l, m) Î R × R : f (t) = (|l|e|t| – m) sin (2|t|), t Î R
Q f(x) is not differentiable at –2, –1, 0, 1 and 2. f (t) = (|l|e| t | – m) sin (2|t|)
\ S = {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2}
ìï(| l | et – m) sin 2t, t > 0
48. (c) Consider the function =í -t
ïî (| l | e – m) (– sin 2t ), t < 0
{
f(x) = max - | x |, - 1 - x
2
} ïì(| l | e ) sin 2t + (| l | e – m) (2cos 2t ), t > 0
t t

Now, the graph of the function f ¢ (t) = í -t -t

ïî| l | e sin 2t + (| l | e – m) (– 2cos 2t ), t < 0
As, f (t) is differentiable
\ LHD = RHD at t = 0
Þ |l| . sin 2 (0) + (|l|e0 – m)2 cos (0)
= |l|e–0 . sin 2 (0) – 2 cos (0) (|l|e– 0 – m)
Þ 0 + (|l| – m)2 = 0 – 2 (|l| – m)
Þ 4 (|l| – m) = 0
Þ |l| = m
So, S º (l, m) = {l Î R & m Î [0, ¥)}
1
x x
1 Therefore set S is subset of R × [0, ¥)
2 2
ìï- x x <1
From the graph, it is clear that f(x) is not differentiable at x 51. (a) f (x) = í -1
ïîa + cos ( x + b) 1 £ x £ 2
1 1
= 0, - , f (x) is continuous
2 2
Þ –1
lim f (x) = lim a + cos (x + b) = f (x)
x ®1- x ®1+
ì 1 1 ü
Then, K = í- , 0, ý Þ –1 = a + cos (1 + b)
–1
î 2 2þ
cos–1 (1 + b) = – 1 – a .....(a)
Hence, K has exactly three elements. f (x) is differentiate
49. (d) f (x) =| x - p | (e|x| - 1)sin | x | Þ LHD = RHD

Check differentiability of f(x) at x = p and x = 0 -1

Þ –1=
at x = p : 1 - (1 + b) 2
| p + h- p | (e|x + h| - 1) sin | p + h | - 0 Þ 1 – (1 + b)2 = 1 Þ b = – 1 .....(b)
R.H.D. = lim From (a) Þ cos–1(0) = – 1 – a
h ®0 h
p
| p - h - p | (e|p-h| - 1)sin | p - h | - 0 \ –1–a=
L.H.D = lim =0 2
h ®0 -h
Q RHD = LHD p -p - 2
a = –1 – Þ a= .....(c)
Therefore, function is differentiable at x = p 2 2
at x = 0:
a p+2
\ =
| h - p | (e - 1) sin | h | - 0
|h|
b 2
R.H.D. = lim =0
h ®0 h

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Continuity and Differentiability M-327

52. (c) Since g (x) is differentiable, it will be continuous at x = 3

ì 2 1
\ lim g(x) = lim g(x) ï x sin , x ¹ 0
-
x ®3 +
x ®3
g(x) = í x
ïî0, x=0
2k = 3m + 2 ...(1)
Also g(x) is differentiable at x = 0 For g(x)
\ lim– g¢ (x) = lim+ g¢(x) ì æ 1ö ü
x ®3 x ®3 LHL = lim í - h 2 sin ç ÷ ý
-
h® 0 î è hø þ
k
=m = 02 × a finite quantity between –1 and 1 = 0
2 3 +1
æ 1ö
k= 4m ...(2) RHL = lim h2 sin ç ÷ = 0
h® 0 + è hø
Solving (1) and (2), we get
Also g(0) = 0
2 8 \ g(x) is continuous at x = 0
m= , k=
5 5
ìx - 2 , x-2³0
k+m =2 55. (c) f ( x) = x - 2 = í
53. (b) Let | f (x) | £ x2, "x Î R î2 - x , x-2£0
Now, at x = 0, | f (0) | £ 0 ìx - 2 , x³2
Þ f (0) = 0 =í
î2 - x , x£2
f ( h ) - f (0) f (h)
\ f ¢ (0) = lim = lim ...(1) Similarly,
h® 0 h-0 h® 0 h
ìx - 5 , x ³ 5
f (h) f ( x) = x - 5 = í
Now, £|h| 2
(Q | f ( x ) | £ x ) î5 - x , x £ 5
h
\ f ( x) = x - 2 + x - 5
f (h)
Þ - | h |£ £| h |
h = { x - 2 + 5 - x = 3, 2 £ x £ 5}
f (h) Thus f (x) = 3 , 2 £ x £ 5
Þ lim ®0 ...(2)
h® 0 h f ¢ (x) = 0 , 2 < x < 5
(using sandwich Theorem) f ¢ (4) = 0
\ from (1) and (2), we get f ¢(0) = 0, Q Statement-1 is true
i.e. – f (x) is differentiable, at x = 0
Since, differentiability Þ Continutity Y

\ | f (x) | £ x2, for all x Î R is continuous as well as

differentiable at x = 0.

ì æ 1ö
x sin ç ÷ , x ¹ 0
54. (b) f (x) = ïí è xø X
2 5
ï0, x=0
î
and g(x) = x f (x) Since f (x) = 3, 2 £ x £ 5 is constant function.
For f (x)
So, it continuous in 2, 5 and differentiable in (2, 5)
ì æ 1ö ü Q f (2) = 0 + |2 – 5| = 3
LHL = lim- í - h sin ç - ÷ ý
h® 0 î è hø þ and f (5) = |5 – 2| + 0 = 3 statement-2 is also true.
= 0 × a finite quantity between –1 and 1 = 0 56. (d) |sin x| and e|x| are not differentiable at x = 0 and |x|3
is differentiable at x = 0.
1
RHL = lim+ h sin =0 \ for f (x) to be differentiable at x = 0, we must have
h® 0 h
a = 0, b = 0 and c is any real number.
Also, f (0) = 0 57. (b) Given x + | y | = 2y
Thus LHL = RHL = f(0) Þ x + y = 2y or x – y = 2y
\ f (x) is continuous at x = 0
Þ x = y or x = 3y

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 EBD_8344
M-328 Mathematics

This represent a straight line which passes through origin.

1 x –1 æ 1 öù
Hence, x + | y | = 2y is continuous at x = 0. At x = 0 f '(0) = sin – cos ç ÷ú
Now, we check differentiability at x = 0 (x –1) (x –1) 2 è x –1 ø úû x = 0
x + | y | = 2y Þ x + y = 2y, y ³ 0 = –sin 1 + cos 1
x – y = 2y, y < 0 \ f is differentiable at x = 0
ïì x, y < 0ïü 60. (a) f (x) = min {x + 1, | x | + 1}
Thus, f ( x ) = í x ý
, y ³ 0ï Þ f (x) = x + 1 " x Î R
îï 3 þ

f ( x + h) - f ( x )
Y
Now, L.H.D. = lim
h®0- -h y=–x+1 y=x+1

x+h-x
= lim- = -1 (0, 1)
h ®0 -h X’
X
f ( x + h) - f ( x ) (–1, 0)
R.H.D = lim Y’
h®0+ h
Since f (x) = x + 1 is polynomial function
x+h x Hence, f (x) is differentiable everywhere for all x Î R.
-
= lim 3 3 = lim 1 = 1
ì x
h® 0+ h h®0+ 3 3 ïï1 - x , x < 0
61. (c) f ( x) = í
Since, L.H.D ¹ R.H.D. at x = 0
ï x , x³0
\ given function is not differentiable at x = 0 ïî1 + x
x 2 f ( a ) - a 2 f ( x) x
58. (c) xlim
®a f(x) = is not define at x ¹ 1 but here x < 0 and f (x)
x-a 1- x
Applying L-Hospital rule x
2 xf (a) - a2 f ¢ ( x) = is not define at x = –1 but here x > 0. So, f (x) is
= xlim = 2af (a) - a2 f '(a) 1+ x
®a
1 continuous for x Î R.
ì æ 1 ö ì x
ï(x – 1) sin ç , if x ¹ 1 , x<0
59. (c) Given that, f (x) = í è x – 1÷ø ï 2
ïî 0 ï (1 - x)
, if x = 1 and f '( x ) = í
ï x , x³0
At x = 1 ïî (1 + x) 2
f (1 + h) – f (1)
R.H.D. = lim \ f '( x) exist at everywhere.
h®0 h
62. (b) Given that | f (x) – f (y) | £ (x – y)2, x, y Î R ...(i) and
1 f (0) = 0
h sin – 0
h 1 f ( x + h ) - f ( x)
= lim = lim sin = a finite number
h ®0 h h ®0 h f '(x) = lim
h®0 h
Let this finite number be l f ( x + h ) - f ( x) (h)2
| f '( x) | = lim £ lim
f (1 - h) - f (1) h®0 h h®0 h
L.H.D. = lim
h®0 -h Þ | f '( x) | £ 0 Þ f '( x) = 0
æ 1 ö
-h sin ç ÷ Þ f (x) = constant
è -h ø æ 1 ö
= lim = lim sin ç ÷ As f (0) = 0
h ®0 -h h ® 0 è -h ø
Þ f (1) = 0.
æ 1ö
= - lim sin çè ÷ø = – (a finite number) = – l f (1 + h) - f (1)
h®0 h 63. (c) f '(1) = lim ;
h®0 h
Thus R.H.D ¹ L.H.D Given that function is differentiable so it is continuous
\ f is not differentiable at x = 1 also

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Continuity and Differentiability M-329

f (1 + h) 66. (c) (a + 2b cos x)(a - 2b cos y) = a 2 - b 2

and lim = 5 and hence f (1) = 0
h®0 h Differentiating both sides,
f (1 + h) ( - 2b sin x)(a - 2b cos y) + (a + 2b cos x)
Hence, f '(1) = lim =5
h®0 h
dy
æ 1 1ö ( 2b sin y ) =0
-ç + ÷ dx
è x xø
64. (c) Given that f (0) = 0; f ( x ) = xe
dy ( 2b sin x )(a - 2b cos y )
-2 / h h Þ =
R.H.L. = lim (0 + h)e = lim =0 dx (a + 2b cos x )( 2b sin y )
h® 0 h ®0 e 2 / h
æ 1 1ö é dy ù a-b dx a + b
-ç - ÷
L.H.L. = lim (0 - h)e è h hø \ê ú = Þ =
=0 dx æ
ë ûç , ÷ p p ö a + b dy a - b
h® 0 è 4 4ø
therefore, f (x) is continuous at x = 0.
æ 1 1ö 6
-ç + ÷ -1 ì 3 4 ü
(0 + h)e è h hø
-0 67. (91) y = å k cos í 5 cos kx - 5 sin kx ý
Now, R.H.D = lim =0 k =1 î þ
h® 0 h
æ 1 1ö 3 4
-ç - ÷ Let cos a = and sin a =
è h hø
(0 - h)e -0 5 5
L.H.D. = lim =1
h® 0 -h 6
therefore, L.H.D. ¹ R.H.D. \ y = å k cos -1{cos a cos kx - sin a sin kx}
f (x) is not differentiable at x = 0. k =1

æ 1 + x2 - 1 ö 6

65. (d) Let u = tan ç -1

÷ = å k cos -1 (cos(kx + a))
ç x ÷ k =1
è ø
6 6
Put x = tan q Þ q = tan -1 x = å k (kx + a) = å (k 2 x + ak )
k =1 k =1
æ sec q - 1 ö -1 æ qö
\ u = tan -1 ç ÷ = tan ç tan ÷
è tan q ø è 2ø dy 6
6(7)(13)
\ = å k2 = = 91.
q 1 dx k =1 6
= = tan -1 x
2 2 68. (Bonus) It is given that
du 1 1 x = 2sinq – sin2q ...(i)
\ = ´
dx 2 (1 + x 2 ) y = 2cosq – cos2q ...(ii)
Differentiating (i) w.r.t. q, we get
æ 2 x 1 - x2 ö
Let v = tan -1 ç ÷ dx
= 2cos q - 2cos2q
ç 1 - 2x2 ÷ dq
è ø
Differentiating (ii) w.r.t. q; we get
Put x = sin f Þ f = sin -1 x
dy
= -2sin q + 2sin 2q
-1 æ
2 sin f cos f ö -1 dq
v = tan ç ÷ = tan (tan 2f)
è cos 2 f ø From (ii) 揤 (i), we get

= 2f = 2sin -1 x dy sin 2q - sin q

\ =
dx cos q - cos2q
dv 1
=2 q 3q
dx 1 - x2 2sin .cos
= 2 2 = cot 3q
q 3q 2 ...(iii)
du du / dx 1 - x2 2sin .sin
= = 2 2
dv dv / dx 4(1 + x 2 )
Again, differentiating eqn. (iii), we get
æ du ö 3
\ç ÷ = d2y -3 3q d q
è dv øæç x = 1 ö÷ 10 = cosec 2 .
è 2ø 2 2 2 dx
dx

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 EBD_8344
M-330 Mathematics

Putting y = 1 and x = 0 in (ii),

-3 3q
2 cosec 2 dy dy 1
d y
= 2 2 e +0+1=0Þ =-
dx 2 2(cos q - cos 2q) dx dx e
On differentiating (ii) w. r. to x,
d2y 3 3
=- = d2y dy y dy d 2 y dy dy
2
dx (q = p) 4(-1 - 1) 8 ey + .e . + x + + =0 ...(iii)
dx 2 dx dx dx 2 dx dx
2sin a cos a dy 1
+ Putting y = 1, x = 0 and = - in (iii),
cos a sin a = 2 cos a + 1
2 dx e
69. (a) y (a ) =
sec 2 a sin a cos a sin 2 a d2y 1 2 d2y 1
e + - = 0 Þ =
dx 2 e e dx 2 e 2
= 2cot a + cosec 2 a = 2cot a + 1 + cot 2 a
æ dy d 2 y ö æ 1 1 ö
é æ 3p öù Hence, ç dx , 2 ÷÷ º ç - e , 2 ÷
ç
= |1 + cot a| = – 1 – cot a êQ a Î ç 4 , p ÷ú è dx ø è e ø
ë è øû
æ tan x - 1 ö
dy æ dy ö 72. (d) f (x) = tan–1 çè tan x + 1 ÷ø
= cosec 2a Þ ç ÷ =4
da è d a øa= 5p
6 æ æp öö é p æ p p öù
- x ÷÷ êQ 4 - x Î ç - 4 , 4 ÷ ú
= – tan–1 çè çè 4
tan
1 -1 -1 øø ë è øû
70. (b) Given, x = , y = Þ xy =
2 4 8
æp ö p
1.( -2 x ) So, f (x) = - ç - x ÷ = x -
y. + y¢ 1 - x 2 è 4 ø 4
2 1 - x2 p
Let y = Þ f (y) = 2 y -
ì 4
ï x.(-2 y ) üï
= - í1. 1 - y 2 + y¢ ý df ( y )
îï 2 1 - y 2 ïþ Now, differentiate w.r.t. y,
dy
= 2.

xy xy. y ¢ 2
Þ - + y¢ 1 - x 2 = - 1 - y 2 + é æ 3 1 öù
1 - x2 1 - y2 ê ç cos x + sin x ÷ ú
ê cot -1 ç 2 2 ÷ú
73. (none) 2y = ê ç1 3 ÷ú
æ ö êë ç cos x - sin x ÷ ú
xy è2 2 øû
Þ y¢ ç 1 - x 2 - ÷ = xy - 1 - y 2
ç 1- y2 ÷ 1 - x2 2
è ø é æ æp ö öù
ê ç cos ç - x ÷ ÷ú
ê cot -1 ç è6 ø ÷ú
æ ö Þ 2y = ê ç sin æ p - x ö ÷ú
ç 3 ÷ ê ç ç ÷÷
Þ y¢ç +
1
÷=
-1
-
15
ë è è6 ø øúû
ç 2 15 ÷ 3 4
ç 8. ÷ 8. é -1 æ æ p
2
è 4 ø 2 ö öù p æ p pö
Þ 2y = ê cot ç cot ç - x ÷ ÷ ú Q - x Îç- , ÷
ë è è6 ø øû 6 è 3 6ø
æ 45 + 1 ö (1 + 45)
Þ y¢ çç ÷÷ = - ìæ 7p 2
ö p æ -p ö
è 2 15 ø 4 3 ïç - x ÷ , if - x Î ç ,0 ÷
ïè 6 ø 6 è 3 ø
í
5 Þ 2y = ïæ p ö
2
p æ pö
\ y¢ = -
2 ïç - x ÷ , if - x Î ç 0, ÷
îè 6 ø 6 è 0ø
71. (b) Given, ey + xy = e ...(i)
Putting x = 0 in (i), Þ ey = e Þ y = 1 ì 7p æp pö
ïx - 6 if x Î ç , ÷
On differentiating (i) w. r. to x ï è6 2ø
dy í
Þ = p æ pö
ey
dy dy
+ x + y = 0 ...(ii) dx ï x - if x Î ç 0, ÷
dx dx ïî 6 è 6ø

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Continuity and Differentiability M-331

74. (b) f(x) = min{sinx, cosx} f "'(x) = 6 Þ f "'(3) = 6

y = sin x
Q f(x) = x3 + f '(1)x2 + f " (2) x + f "'(3)
y
\ f '(1) = a Þ 3 + 2a + b = a Þ a + b = – 3 ...(1)
y=1

also f "(2) = b Þ 12 + 2a = b Þ 2a – b = – 12 ...(2)

3p p
-
4 2
and f "(3) = c Þ c = 6
–p p p p x
-
2 4 Add (1) and (2)
3a = – 15 Þ a = – 5 Þ b = 2
y = –1
Þ f(x) = x3 – 5x2 + 2x + 6

y = cos x Þ f(2) = 8 – 20 + 4 + 6 = –2

3p p dx
Q f(x) is not differentiable at x = - , 77. (b) Q x = 3 tant Þ = 3 sec2t
4 4 dt
dy
ì 3p p ü and y = 3 sect Þ = 3 sect × tant
\ S = í- , ý dt
î 4 4þ
dy dy / dt dy tan t
ì 3p -p 3p p ü Q = \ = = sin t
Þ S Í í- , , , ý dx dx / dt dx sec t
î 4 4 4 4þ
75. (a) Consider the equation, d2y d dt
\ = (sin t) ×
dx 2 dt dx
(2x)2y = 4e2x–2y
Taking log on both sides 1
= cos t ×
3 sec 2 t
2y ln(2x) = ln4 + (2x – 2y) …(1)
3
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, d2y æ pö 1 æ 1 ö
\ 2 ç
at t = ÷ = × ç
1 dy dy dx è 4 ø 3 è 2 ÷ø
2 y 2 + 2 ln(2 x ) = 0 + 2 - 2
2x dx dx 1
=
dy 2 y 2x - 2 y 6 2
2 (1 + ln(2 x ) = 2 - = ...(2)
dx x x dx 1 -1
78. (b) Here, = 2cosec –1t log 2.
From (1) and (2), dt
2 2 cosec –1t x x2 - 1
dy 1 æ ln 2 + x ö
(1 + ln 2 x) = 1 - ç dy 1 1
dx x è 1 + ln 2 x ÷ø = 2sec –1t log 2.
dt
2 2 sec –1t x x2 -1
dy æ x + ln 2 ö
Þ (1 + ln 2 x)2 = 1 + ln(2 x) - çè ÷ dy
dx x ø –1t –1t
dy dt – 2cosec 2sec
\ = =
x ln(2 x) - ln 2 dx dx –1t
2cosec
–1t
= 2sec
x dt
3 2
76. (c) Let f(x) = x + ax + bx + c
dy
f '(x) = 3x2 + 2ax + b Þ f '(1) = 3 + 2a + b dy dt 2sec –1t –y
= =– cosec –1t
=
dx dx 2 x
f " (x) = 6x + 2a Þ f "(2) = 12 + 2a dt

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 EBD_8344
M-332 Mathematics

cos x x 1 æ dy ö
Þç ÷ =4 ... (2)
79. (a) f (x) = 2 sin x x 2
2x è dx ø( -2,0)
tan x x 1 Again differentiating equation (1) w. r. t to x, we get
2 2
= cos x (x2 – 2x2) – x (2 sin x – 2x tan x) æ dy ö d2y æ dy ö d2y
2 + 2 ç ÷ + 2 y 2 – sin y ç ÷ + cos y 2 = 0
+1(2x sin x – x2 tan x) è dx ø dx è dx ø dx
= – x cos x – 2x sin x + 2x tan x + 2x sin x – x2 tan x
2 2
2
= x2 tan x – x2 cos x = x2 (tan x – cos x) æ dy ö d2y
Þ f ¢(x) = 2x (tan x – cos x) + x2 (sec2 x + sin x) Þ 2 + (2 - sin y ) ç ÷ + (2 y + cos y) 2 = 0
è dx ø dx
f ¢ ( x)
\ lim = d2y
2
x ®0 x æ dy ö
Þ (2 y + cos y) = - 2 – (2 – sin y ) ç ÷
dx 2 è dx ø
2x (tan x – cos x) + x2 (sec2 x + sin x)
lim 2
x® 0 x æ dy ö
– 2 – (2 – sin y ) ç ÷
2
= xlim (tan x – cos x) + x (sec2 x + sin x)
d y
Þ 2 = è dx ø
®0
dx 2 y + cos y
= 2 (0 – 1) + 0 = – 2
So, at (– 2, 0),
f ¢ (x)
So, lim =–2
x®0 x d2y – 2 – (2 – 0) ´ 42
=
dx 2 2 ´ 0 +1
-1 æ 2 ´ 3x ö
80. (a) Since f (x) = sin çç x ÷
÷
è1+ 9 ø Þ
d2y
=
– 2 – 2 ´ 16
Suppose 3x = tan t dx 2
1
æ 2 tan t ö d2y
Þ f (x) = sin–1 ç 2 ÷
= sin–1 (sin 2t) = 2t Þ = – 34
è 1 + tan t ø dx 2
= 2 tan–1 (3x) æ 6x x ö æ 1ö
2 82. (b) Let F(x) = tan–1 çç 3 ÷÷ where x Î ç 0, ÷ .
So, f ¢ (x) = ´ 3x . log e 3 è 1 - 9x ø è 4ø
1 + (3x ) 2
æ 2.(3x 3/ 2 ) ö
–1 ç ÷ –1 3/2
æ 1ö 2 -
1 = tan ç 1 - (3x 3/ 2 )2 ÷ = 2 tan (3x )
\ f ¢ç - ÷ = ´3 2 . loge 3 è ø
è 2ø æ -1 ö
2

1+ ç3 2 ÷ æ 3ö
As 3x3/2 Î ç 0, ÷
ç ÷ è 8ø
è ø
é 1 3/ 2 1 3ù
=
1
´ 3 ´ log e 3 = 3 ´ loge 3 êQ 0 < x < 4 Þ 0 < x < Þ 0 < 3x 3/ 2 < ú
2 ë 8 8û
81. (a) Given, x2 + y2 + sin y = 4 dF(x) 1 3 9
After differentiating the above equation w. r. t. x we get So =2× 3 × 3 × × x1/2 = x
dx 1 + 9x 2 1 + 9x 3
dy dy On comparing
2x + 2 y + cos y =0 ... (1)
dx dx 9
dy \ g(x) =
Þ 2 x + (2 y + cos y ) =0 1 + 9x 3
dx 83. (d) g (x) = f (f (x))
dy – 2x In the neighbourhood of x = 0,
Þ = f(x) = | log2 – sin x| = (log 2 – sin x)
dx 2 y + cos y
\ g (x) = |log 2 – sin| log 2 – sin x ||
æ dy ö – 2´ – 2
At ( – 2, 0), ç ÷ = = (log 2 – sin(log 2 – sin x))
è ø( -2,0)
dx 2 ´ 0 + cos 0
\ g (x) is differentiable
æ dy ö 4 and g'(x) = – cos(log 2 – sin x) (– cos x)
Þç ÷ =
è dx ø( -2,0) 0 + 1 Þ g'(0) = cos (log 2)

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Continuity and Differentiability M-333

84. (c) f (x) = y = x2 – x + 5 -1

1 1 87. (d) Let x = a sin t
x2 – x + - + 5 = y
4 4 -1
Þ x2 = a sin
t
2
æ 1ö 19 Þ 2 log x = sin–1 t . log a
çè x - ÷ø + =y
2 4 2 log a dt
Þ = .
2 x 1 - t 2 dx
æ 1ö 19
çè x - ÷ø = y-
2 4
2 1 - t 2 dt
Þ = ...(1)
1 19 x log a dx
x- = ± y-
2 4
-1
Now, let y = acos t
1 19
x = ± y- Þ 2 log y = cos–1 t. log a
2 4
2 dy - log a dt
1 Þ . = .
As x > y dx
2 1 - t 2 dx

1 19 2 dy - log a 2 1 - t 2
x= + y- . = ´
2 4 Þ (from (1)
y dx 1- t2 x log a
1 19
g(x) = + x- dy y
2 4 Þ =-
dx x
1 2 2
g¢(x) = æ dy ö æ -y ö x2 + y2
2 x-
19 Hence, 1 + ç ÷ = 1 + ç ÷ =
4 è dx ø è x ø x2
1 1 1 x2 - x
g¢(7) = = = 88. (b) Let y =
19 28 - 19 3
x2 + 2 x
2 7- 2
4 2 Þ (x + 2x) y = x2– x
2

æ ö Þ x(x + 2)y = x(x – 1)

85. (a) Let y = sec(tan–1 x) = sec ç sec –1 1 + x 2 ÷
è ø Þ x[(x + 2)y – (x – 1)] = 0
Q x ¹ 0, \ (x + 2)y – (x – 1) = 0
Þ y = 1 + x2
Þ xy + 2y – x + 1 = 0
1
Þ
dy
= · 2x Þ x(y – 1) = – (2y + 1)
dx 2 1 + x2
At x = 1, 2 y +1 2x + 1
\ x= Þ f –1(x) =
dy 1 1- y 1- x
= .
dx d 2(1 - x) - (2 x + 1)( -1)
2 ( f -1 ( x )) =
x2 y 2 2 x 2 y dy
dx (1 - x) 2
86. (b) + =1 Þ + . =0 2 - 2x + 2 x + 1 3
a 4 a 4 dx = =
2
(1 - x) (1 - x ) 2
dy - 4 x
Þ = ...(i) æ 2 x + 3ö
dx ay 89. (c) Let f ¢(x) = sin [log x] and y = f ç
è 3 - 2 x ÷ø

y3 = 16x Þ 3 y 2 .
dy
= 16 Þ
dy 16
= dy æ 2 x + 3 ö d æ 2 x + 3ö
...(ii) = f 'ç
è 3 - 2 x ÷ø dx çè 3 - 2 x ÷ø
Now, .
dx dx 3 y 2 dx
Since curves intersects at right angles é æ 2 x + 3ö ù éë( 6 - 4 x ) - ( -4 x - 6) ùû
= sin êlog ç ÷ú
\
- 4 x 16 ë è 3 - 2x ø û (3 - 2 x)2
´ = -1 Þ 3ay3 = 64x
ay 3 y 2
12 é æ 2 x + 3ö ù
= .sin ê log ç ÷ú
ë è 3 - 2x ø û
64 x 4
Þ a= = ( 3 - 2 x) 2
3 ´ 16 x 3

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 EBD_8344
M-334 Mathematics

90. (a) Given that g(x) = [f (2 f (x)) + 2]2 y +L¥

93. (c) Given that x = e y + e Þ x = e y+ x .
æ d ö
\ g '( x ) = 2 ( f (2 f ( x) + 2) ) ç ( f (2 f ( x) + 2) ) ÷ Taking log both sides.
è dx ø 1 dy
log x = y + x differentiating both side Þ = +1
= 2 f (2 f ( x) + 2) f '(2 f ( x)) + 2).(2 f '( x)) x dx
dy 1 1- x
Þ g '(0) = 2 f (2 f (0) + 2. f '(2 f (0) + 2) \ = -1 =
dx x x
.2 f '(0) = 4 f (0)( f '(0)) 2 = 4(–1)(1) = – 4
2
94. (b) f ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c
91. (d) x2x – 2xx cot y – 1 = 0 f (1) = f (-1)
Þ 2 cot y = xx – x – x
Let u = xx Þ a + b + c = a - b + c or b = 0
1 \ f ( x) = ax 2 + c or f '( x ) = 2ax
Þ 2 cot y = u –
u
Now f '(a ); f '(b ) and f '(c)
Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we get
are 2 a( a ); 2a (b); 2a (c )
dy æ 1 ö du
– 2cosec2 y = ç1 + ÷ i.e. 2a2, 2ab, 2ac.
dx è u 2 ø dx Þ If a, b, c are in A.P. then f '(a); f '(b) and f '(c ) are
Now u = xx Taking log both sides also in A.P.
Þ log u = x log x 95. (c) Given that f (x + y) = f (x) ´ f (y)
Differentiate with respect to x, treating y as constant
1 du
Þ = 1 + log x f ¢ (x + y) = f ¢ (x) f (y)
u dx
Putting x = 0 and y = x, we get f '(x)= f '(0) f (x) ;
du
Þ = x x (1 + log x) Þ f ¢ (5) = 3 f (5) = 3 × 2 = 6.
dx
\ We get 96. (b) Let f : R ® R, with f (0) = f (1) = 0 and f '(0) = 0
dy Q f ( x) is differentiable and continuous and
– 2 cosec2 y = (1 + x -2 x ).x x (1 + log x) f (0) = f (1) = 0.
dx

Þ
dy
=
( )
x x + x - x (1 + log x)
…(i)
Then by Rolle's theorem, f '(c) = 0, c Î (0, 1)
Now again
dx -2(1 + cot 2 y ) Q f '(c ) = 0, f '(0) = 0
Put n = 1 in eqn. x2x – 2xx cot y – 1 = 0, gives Then, again by Rolle's theorem,
1 – 2 cot y – 1 = 0 f ''( x) = 0 for some x Î (0, 1)
Þ cot y = 0
\ Putting x = 1 and cot y = 0 in eqn. (i), we get 97. (c) y 2 + 2log e (cos x) = y ...(i)

(1 + 1) (1 + 0) Þ 2 yy '- 2 tan x = y ' ...(ii)

y ' (1) = = -1 From (i), y(0) = 0 or 1
-2(1 + 0)
\ y '(0) = 0
92. (a) x m . y n = ( x + y ) m+ n
Again differentiating (ii) we get,
taking log both sides
Þ m ln x + n ln y = (m + n) ln (x + y) 2( y ')2 + 2 yy ''- 2sec 2 x = y ''
Differentiating both sides, we get Put x = 0, y(0) = 0, 1 and y'(0) = 0,
we get, |y'' (0)| = 2.
m n dy m + n æ dy ö
\ + = ç1 + ÷
98. (b) Since, Rolle’s theorem is applicable
x y dx x + y è dx ø \ f(a) = f(b)
æ m m + n ö æ m + n n ö dy f(3) = f(4) Þ a = 12
Þ çè x - x + y ø÷ = çè x + y - y ÷ø dx
x 2 - 12
my - nx æ my - nx ö dy f ¢( x ) =
Þ = x ( x 2 + 12)
x( x + y ) èç y ( x + y ) ø÷ dx
As f ¢(c) = 0 (by Rolle’s theorem)
dy y
Þ = 1
dx x x = ± 12 , \ c = 12 , \ f ¢¢(c) = 12

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Continuity and Differentiability M-335

dy Þ f ¢¢ ( x ) = 6ax + 2b
99. (c) k .x k -1 + k . y k -1 =0
dx
Þ f ( 3x ) = f ¢ ( x ) f ¢¢ ( x )
k -1
dy æxö Þ
Þ = -ç ÷ 27 a = 18a 2
dx è yø
3
k -1 Þ a= , b = 0, c = 0, d = 0
dy æ x ö 2
Þ +ç ÷ =0
dx è y ø 3 3
Þ f (x) = x ,
2
1
Þ k -1 = - 9
3 f ¢( x ) = x 2 , f ' ( x ) = 9x
2
1 2 Þ f ¢ (2) = 18
Þ k =1- =
3 3 and f ² (2) = 18
100. (b) Since, f (x) is a polynomial function. Þ f ² (b) – f ¢ (b) = 0
\ It is continuous and differentiable in [0, 1]
{ } + {x - }
15 15
2
Here, f (0) = 11, f(1) = 1 – 4 + 8 + 11 = 16 103. (d) y = x + x - 1 x2 -1
f ¢ (x) = 3x2 – 8x + 8
f (1) - f (0) 16 - 11 Differentiate w.r.t. 'x'
\ f ¢(c) = =
1- 0
( )
1 dy 14 é ù
x
= 3c2 – 8c + 8 = 15 x + x 2 - 1 ê1 + ú
dx êë x 2 - 1 úû
Þ 3c2 – 8c + 3 = 0

( )
14 æ
8± 2 7 4± 7 x ö
Þ c= = +15 x - x 2 - 1 ç1 - ÷
6 3 è x2 -1ø
4- 7 15
\ c= Î (0,1) Þ
dy
= .y ....(i)
3 dx x2 - 1
101. (b) y1/5 + y–1/5 = 2x
dy
æ 1 -4 5 1 -6 5 ö dy Þ x2 - 1 .
= 15 y
Þ ç5 y - y ÷ dx = 2 dx
è 5 ø Again differentiating both sides w.r.t. x
Þ (
y¢ y1 5 - y -1 5 = 10 y ) x dy d2y
+ x 2 - 1 2 = 15
.
dy
2
x -1 dx dx dx
Þ y1/5 + y -1/5 = 2x
dy d2y
1/5 -1/5 2 Þ x + ( x 2 - 1) 2
Þ y -y = 4x - 4 dx dx

y¢ çæ 2 x 2 - 1 ÷ö = 10 y
15
Þ = 15 x 2 - 1 . . y = 225 y
è ø x2 - 1
104. (b) Conduction for Rolls theorem
y ¢¢ çæ 2 x 2 - 1 ÷ö + y ¢2
2x
Þ = 10 y ¢ f (1) = f (– 1)
è ø 2 x2 - 1
æ 1ö
and f ¢ ç ÷ = 0
Þ y ¢¢ ( x 2 - 1) + xy ¢ = 5 x 2 - 1 ( y ¢) è 2ø
1
Þ y ¢¢( x 2 - 1) + xy ¢ - 25 y = 0 c = –2 and b =
2
l = 1, k = -25 2b + c = – 1
105. (b) Since, f and g both are continuous function on [0, 1]
102. (b) Let f ( x) = ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d
and differentiable on (0, 1) then $ c Î (0,1) such that
Þ 3
f (3x) = 27ax + 9bx + 3cx + d 2
f (1) - f (0) 6 - 2
f ¢(c ) = = =4
1 1
Þ f ¢ ( x ) = 3ax 2 + 2bx + c

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 EBD_8344
M-336 Mathematics

f (a) = f (1) = 2 (1)3 + a (1)2 + b (1) = 2 + a + b

g (1) - g (0) 2 - 0
and g ¢(c ) = = =2 f (b) = f(–1) = 2 (–1)3 + a (–1)2 + b (–1)
1 1
= –2 + a – b
Thus, we get f ¢ ( c ) = 2 g ¢ ( c) f(a) = f(b)
106. (c) Let f (x) = x|x| = x|x|, g(x) = sin x 2+a+b=–2+a–b
and h (x) = gof (x) = g[f (x)] 2b = – 4
ìï sin x 2 , x ³ 0 b=–2
\ h(x) = í (given that c = )
1
ïî - sin x , x < 0
2
2
f ¢ (x) = 6x + 2ax + b
2

ïì 2 x cos x , x ³ 0
2
Now, h¢ (x) = í 1
ïî -2 x cos x , x < 0
2 at x = , f ¢ (x) = 0
2
Since, L.H.L and R.H.L at x = 0 of h¢ (x) is equal to 0 2
æ 1ö æ 1ö
therefore h¢ (x) is continuous at x = 0 0 = 6 ç ÷ + 2a ç ÷ + b
è 2ø è 2ø
Now, suppose h¢ (x) is differentiable
3
ïì2(cos x + 2 x ( - sin x ), x ³ 0
2 2 2 +a+b = 0
\ h¢¢(x) = í 2
ïî 2( - cos x + 2 x sin x ), x < 0
2 2 2
3
+a-2 = 0
Since, L.H.L and R.H.L at x = 0 of h¢¢ (x) are different 2
therefore h¢¢ (x) is not continuous.
3 1
Þ h¢¢(x) is not differentiable a=2– =
2 2
Þ our assumption is wrong
Hence h¢(x) is not differentiable at x = 0. 1
2a + b = 2 × –2=1–2=–1
107. (a) Let p1(x) = a1x2 + b1x + c1 2
p2(x) = a2x2 + b2x + c2 109. (d) f (x) = sin (sin x)
and p3(x) = a3x2 + b3x + c3 Þ f ¢(x) = cos (sin x) . cos x
where a1, a2, a3, b1, b2, b3, c1, c2, c3 are real numbers. Þ f ²(x) = – sin (sin x) . cos2 x + cos (sin x). (– sin x)
= – cos2 x . sin (sin x) – sin x . cos (sin x)
é a1 x 2 + b1x + c1 2a1x + b1 2a1 ù
ê ú Now f ²(x) + tan x . f ¢(x) + g (x) = 0
\ A(x) = ê a2 x 2 + b2 x + c2 2a2 x + b2 2 a2 ú Þ g(x) = cos2 x . sin (sin x) + sin x . cos (sin x)
ê ú – tan x . cos x . cos (sin x)
ê a3 x 2 + b3 x + c3 2a3 x + b3 2a3 ú
ë û Þ g(x) = cos2 x . sin (sin x).

é a1x 2 + b1x + c1 a2 x 2 + b2 x + c2 ax3 x2

a3 x 2 + b3 x + c3 ù 110. (d) Let g(x) = + b. + cx
ê ú 3 2
B(x) = ê 2a1x + b1 2a2 x + b2 2a3 x + b2 ú 2
ê 2a ú g¢(x) = ax + bx + c
2a2 2a3
ë 1 û Given: ax2 + bx + c = 0 and 2a + 3b + 6c = 0
Statement-2:
é a1x 2 + b1x + c1 2a1x + b1 2a1 ù
ê ú a b 2a + 3b + 6c
(i) g(0) = 0 and g(1) = + +c =
´ ê a2 x 2 + b2 x + c2 2a2 x + b2 2a2 ú 3 2 6
ê ú
ê a3 x 2 + b3 x + c3 2a3 x + b3 2a3 ú 0
ë û = =0
6
It is clear from the above multiplication, the degree of
Þ g(0) = g(1)
determinant of B(x) can not be less than 4.
(ii) g is continuous on [0, 1] and differentiable on (0, 1)
108. (b) f (x) = 2x3 + ax2 + bx
let, a = – 1, b = 1 \ By Rolle’s theorem $ k Î(0,1) such that g¢(k) = 0
Given that f (x) satisfy Rolle’s theorem in interval [–1, 1] This holds the statement 2. Also, from statement-2,we can
f (x) must satisfy two conditions. say ax2 + bx + c = 0 has at least one root in (0, 1).
(1) f (a) = f (b) Thus statement-1 and 2 both are true and statement-2 is a
(2) f ¢ (c) = 0 (c should be between a and b) correct explanation for statement-1.

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Continuity and Differentiability M-337

d 2x d æ dx ö d æ dx ö dx = d æ 1 ö dx 114. (a) As f (1) = – 2 & f '( x) ³ 2 " x Î [1, 6]

111. (c) = ç ÷= ç ÷ ç ÷
dy 2 dy è dy ø dx è dy ø dy dx è dy / dx ø dy Applying Lagrange’s mean value theorem
f (6) - f (1)
é æ 1ö ù = f '(c) ³ 2
dç ÷
d2 y 1 ê 1ú
5
1 è xø
=- . 2. êQ =– ú Þ f (6) ³ 10 + f (1)
æ dy ö dx dy ê x2 ú
2 dx
ç ÷ ê
dx ë úû Þ f (6) ³ 10 – 2 Þ f (6) ³ 8.
è dx ø
115. (b) Let f (x) = an x n + an -1 x n -1 + ...... + a1 x = 0
2
1 d y
=– The other given equation,
3 2
æ dy ö dx
ç ÷ nan x n -1 + (n – 1) an -1 x n - 2 + ....+ a1 = 0 = f ¢(x)
è dx ø
112. (b) Given that f (x) = x | x | and g (x) = sin x Given a1 ¹ 0 Þ f (0) = 0
So that
go f (x) = g ( f (x)) = g (x | x | ) = sin x | x | Again f (x) has root a, Þ f (a ) = 0
\ f (0) = f (a)
ì 2
ïìsin (– x ), if x < 0 ïí – sin x , if x < 0 \ By Rolle’s theorem f ¢(x) = 0 has root between (0, a)
2
= í = 2
2
ïîsin ( x ), if x ³ 0 ïî sin x , if x ³ 0 Hence f ¢ ( x ) has a positive root smaller than a.
116. (d) Let us define a function
ïì – 2 x cos x , if x < 0
2
\ (go f )¢ (x) = í 2 ax3 bx 2
ïî 2 x cos x , if x ³ 0 f ( x) = + + cx
3 2
Here we observe Being polynomial, it is continuous and differentiable, also,
L (go f )¢ (0) = 0 = R (go f )¢ (0)
a b
Þ go f is differentiable at x = 0 f (0) = 0 and f (1) = + +c
and (go f )¢ is continuous at x = 0 3 2
2 a + 3b + 6c
ïì – 2 cos x + 4 x sin x , x < 0 Þ f (1) = = 0 (given)
2 2 2
Now (go f )'' (x) = í 6
ïî 2 cos x - 4 x sin x , x ³ 0
2 2 2
\ f (0) = f (1)
Here \ f (x) satisfies all conditions of Rolle’s theorem therefore
L(go f )'' (0) = – 2 and R (go f )'' (0) = 2 f ¢(x) = 0 has a root in (0, 1)
Q L(go f)'' (0) ¹ R (go f )'' (0)
Þ go f (x) is not twice differentiable at x = 0. i.e. ax 2 + bx + c = 0 has at lease one root in (0, 1)
\ Statement - 1 is true but statement -2 is false. 117. (d) Given that f ( x ) = x n Þ f (1) = 1
113. (c) Using Lagrange's Mean Value Theorem
Let f (x) be a function defined on [a, b] f ' ( x ) = nx n -1 Þ f ' (1) = n

f (b ) - f ( a ) f '' ( x ) = n ( n - 1) x n - 2 Þ f '' (1) = n ( n - 1)

then, f '(c) = ....(i)
b-a
........................................................
c Î [a, b]
f n ( x ) = n ! Þ f n (1) = n !
1
\ Given f (x) = logex \ f ' (x) =
x
f '(1) f "(1) f "'(1) ( -1) n f n (1)
\ equation (i) become f (1) - + - + ... +
1! 2! 3! n!
1 f (3) - f (1)
= n n ( n - 1) n ( n - 1)( n - 2) n n!
c 3-1 =1- + - + ¼+ ( -1)
1! 2! 3! n!
1 log e 3 - log e 1 log e 3
Þ = =
= nC0 - nC1 + n C2 - n C3 + ¼+ ( -1)
n n
c 2 2 Cn
2
Þ c= = (1 – 1)n = 0
loge 3 Þ c = 2 log3e

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 EBD_8344
M-338 Mathematics

f (a) g ¢ ( x ) - g (a ) f ¢ ( x ) dy
118. (b) lim =4 Þ 1 + x 2 y1 = ny (Q y1 = ) Squaring both sides,
x® a g ¢( x ) - f ¢ ( x ) dx
(By Applying L’ Hospital rule) we get (1 + x 2 ) y12 = n2 y 2
k g ¢ ( x) - k f ¢ ( x)
lim =4 \ k = 4. Differentiating it w.r. to x,
x® a g ¢ ( x) - f ¢ ( x)
(1 + x 2 )2 y1 y2 + y12 .2 x = n 2 .2 yy 1
119. (a) Given that y = ( x + 1 + x 2 )n ...(i) Þ (1 + x2)y2 + xy1 = n2y
Differentiating both sides w.r. to x
ax3 bx 2
dy æ 1 ö 120. (a) Let f (x) = + + cx
= n( x + 1 + x 2 )n -1 2 -1/2
çè 1 + (1 + x ) . 2 x÷ 3 2
dx 2 ø
Þ f (0) = 0 and
2
dy ( 1 + x + x)
= n( x + 1 + x 2 ) n -1 a b 2a + 3b + 6c
dx f (1) = + +c = =0
1 + x2 3 2 6
Also f (x) is continuous and differentiable in [0, 1] and [0,
n( 1 + x 2 + x ) n
= 1[. So by Rolle’s theorem, f ¢ (x) = 0.
1 + x2
i.e ax 2 + bx + c = 0 has at least one root in
dy [0, 1].
or 1 + x2 = ny [from (i)]
dx

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