For more important questions visit : www.4ono.

com

CHAPTER 5

CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIATION

POINTS TO REMEMBER

 A function f(x) is said to be continuous at x = c iff lim f  x   f c 

x c

i.e., lim – f  x   lim f  x   f  c 

x c x c

 f(x) is continuous in (a, b) iff it is continuous at x  c  c  a, b  .

 f(x) is continuous in [a, b] iff

(i) f(x) is continuous in (a, b)

(ii) lim f  x   f a  ,
x a 

(iii) lim f  x   f b 
x b –

 Trigonometric functions are continuous in their respective domains.

 Every polynomial function is continuous on R.

 If f (x) and g (x) are two continuous functions and c  R then at x = a

(i) f (x) ± g (x) are also continuous functions at x = a.

(ii) g (x) . f (x), f (x) + c, cf (x), | f (x)| are also continuous at x = a.

f x 
(iii) is continuous at x = a provided g(a)  0.
g x 

 f (x) is derivable at x = c in its domain iff

39 XII – Maths
 f  x   f c  f  x   f c 
lim   lim , and is finite
x c x c x c x c
The value of above limit is denoted by f´(c) and is called the derivative
of f(x) at x = c.

d dv du
 u · v   u ·  v ·
dx dx dx

du dv
v· u·

d u dx dx
  
dx  v  v2

dy dy du
 If y = f(u) and u = g(t) then    f ´ u  .g´ t   Chain Rule 
dt du dt

 If y = f(u), x = g(u) then,

dy dy du f ´u 
   .
dx du dx g´u 
d  1  1 d  1

sin x  , cos1 x  
dx 1 x 2 dx 1  x2

d  1  1 d  1  1
tan x  , cot x 
dx 1  x2 dx 1  x2

d  1 d  1
sec 1 x   , cosec 1x  
dx x x2  1 dx x x2  1

d  x  d 1
e  ex ,  log x  
dx dx x
 f (x) = [x] is discontinuous at all integral points and continuous for all x 
R – Z.

 Rolle’s theorem : If f (x) is continuous in [ a, b ], derivable in (a, b) and

f (a) = f (b) then there exists atleast one real number c  (a, b) such that
f´ (c) = 0.

XII – Maths 40
  Mean Value Theorem : If f (x) is continuous in [a, b] and derivable in
(a, b) then there exists atleast one real number c  (a, b) such that
f b  – f a 
f ´ c   .
b a
 f (x) = logex, (x > 0) is continuous function.

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)

1. For what value of x, f(x) = |2x – 7| is not derivable.

2. Write the set of points of continuity of g(x) = |x – 1| + |x + 1|.

3. What is derivative of |x – 3| at x = – 1.

 x  1   x  1
4. What are the points of discontinuity of f  x   .
x  7 x  6

5. Write the number of points of discontinuity of f(x) = [x] in [3, 7].

x  3 if x  2
  
6. The function, f x   4 if x  2 is a continuous function for all
 2x if x  2

x  R, find .

 tan3x
 , x 0
7. For what value of K, f  x    sin2x is continuous  x  R .
 2K , x 0

8. Write derivative of sin x w.r.t. cos x.

9. If f(x) = x2g(x) and g(1) = 6, g´(1) = 3 find value of f´(1).

10. Write the derivative of the following functions :

log 2 x
(i) log3 (3x + 5) (ii) e

 x 1
(iii) e 6 loge ,x 1

41 XII – Maths
 (iv) sec 1 x  cosec 1 x , x  1.

(v) sin1 x 7 2  (vi) logx 5, x > 0.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (4 MARKS)

11. Discuss the continuity of following functions at the indicated points.

x  x
 , x  0
(i) f x    x at x  0.
 2, x  0


 sin 2x
 3x , x  0
(ii) g x    at x  0.
 3 x  0
 2

 x 2 cos 1 x  x  0
(iii) f x    at x  0.
 0 x  0

(iv) f(x) = |x| + |x – 1| at x = 1.

x  x  , x  1
(v) f x    at x  1.
 0 x  1

 3x 2  kx  5, 0  x  2
12. For what value of k, f  x    is continuous
 1  3x 2  x  3

 x   0, 3.

13. For what values of a and b

 x  2
 a if x  –2
 x  2
f x    a b if x  –2
 is continuous at x = 2.
x  2
  2b if x  –2
 x  2

XII – Maths 42
14. Prove that f(x) = |x + 1| is continuous at x = –1, but not derivable at
x = –1.

15. For what value of p,

 x p sin 1 x  x  0
f x   is derivable at x = 0.
 0 x0

1  1  2x   1  dy
16. If y   tan  2
 2 tan1    , 0  x  1, find .
2  1 x   x   dx

 1 x  dy
17. If y  sin  2 tan1  then  ?
 1 x  dx

dy
18. If 5x + 5y = 5x+y then prove that  5y  x  0 .
dx

dy 1 y 2
19. If x 1  y 2  y 1  x 2  a then show that  .
dx 1 x 2

dy 1 y 2
20. If 1  x 2  1  y 2  a  x  y  then show that  .
dx 1 x 2

dy y
21. If (x + y)m + n = xm . yn then prove that  .
dx x

 2x   2x 
22. Find the derivative of tan1  w.r.t. sin1  .
 1  x 2   1  x 2 

23. Find the derivative of loge(sin x) w.r.t. loga(cos x).

dy
24. If xy + yx + xx = mn, then find the value of .
dx

d 2y
25. If x = a cos3, y = a sin3 then find .
dx 2

43 XII – Maths
 26. If x = aet (sint – cos t)

dy 
y = aet (sint + cost) then show that at x  is 1 .
dx 4

dy
If y  sin  x 1  x  x 1  x  then find –
1 2
27. .
dx

x dy
28. If y  x loge x  loge x  then find .
dx
x
x
29. Differentiate x w.r.t. x.
dy y x
30. Find , if  cos x    cos y 
dx

 1  sin x  1  sin x   dy
31. If y  tan1   where 2  x   find dx .
 1  sin x  1  sin x

1 
32. If x  sin  loge y  then show that (1 – x2) y´´ – xy´ – a2y = 0.
a 

33. Differentiate log x log x , x  1 w .r .t . x

2
dy sin a  y 
34. If sin y = x sin (a + y) then show that  .
dx sin a
d 2y
35. If y = sin–1x, find in terms of y.
dx 2

x2 y2 d 2y b 4
36. If   1, then show that  .
a2 b 2 dx 2 a 2 y 3
1 d 2y dy
37. If y  e
a cos x
,  1  x  1, show that 1  x 2  2
x  a2 y  0
dx dx

d 2 y 2a 2 x 2
38. If y3 = 3ax2 – x3 then prove that  .
dx 2 y5
39. Verify Rolle's theorem for the function, y = x2 + 2 in the interval [a, b]
where a = –2, b = 2.

40. Verify Mean Value Theorem for the function, f(x) = x2 in [2, 4]

XII – Maths 44
 ANSWERS
1. x = –7/2 2. R

3. –1 4. x = 6, 7

5. Points of discontinuity of f(x) are 4, 5, 6, 7 i.e. four points.

Note : At x = 3, f(x) = [x] is continuous. because lim f  x   3  f 3 .
x 3

7 3
6.  . 7. k  .
2 4

8. –cot x 9. 15

3 x 1
10. (i) log3 e (ii) e log2 .log2 e.
3x  5 x

(iii) 6 (x – 1)5 (iv) 0

7 x2 x  loge 5
(v) . (vi) 2
.
2 1 x 7 x loge x 

11. (i) Discontinuous (ii) Discontinuous

(iii) Continuous (iv) continuous

(v) Discontinuous

12. k = 11 13. a = 0, b = –1.

15. p > 1. 16. 0

x
17. . 22. 1
1 x 2

23. –cot2x logea

x y 1
dy  x 1  log x   yx  y x log y
24.  .
dx x y log x  xy x 1

45 XII – Maths
 d 2y 1 dy 1 1
25.  cosec  sec 4 . 27.   .
dx 2 3a dx 1 x 2 2 x 1 x

2log x x  1 
28. x log x  log x    log log x  .
x  log x 

dy x  1 
29.  x x . x x log x  1 log x  .
dx  x log x 

dy y tan x  logcos y
30. 
dx x tan y  logcos x

dy 1
31.  .
dx 2

x x  
Hint. : sin  cos for x   ,  .
2 2 2 

 1 log log x  
33. log x log x   , x  1
x x 

35. sec2y tany.

For more important questions visit :

www.4ono.com

XII – Maths 46