SOLVED SUBJECTIVE EXAMPLES

Example 1 :


Find the range of the function f(x) = cosx sin x  (sin 2 x  sin 2 ) 
Solution :


y = cos x sin x  (sin 2 x  sin 2  ) 
dividing by cos2x we get
y sec2x = tanx + 2 4 2 2 2
tan 2 x  sec 2 x sin 2   y sec x – 2y tanx sec x – sin  sec x = 0
 y2 (1 + tan2x) – 2y tanx – sin2  = 0 [ sec2x  0]
y2 tan2x – 2y tan x + y2 – sin2 = 0
 tan x is real we have
0
4y2 – 4y2 (y2 – sin2 )  0
4y2 (1 – y2 + sin2)  0  y2  1 + sin2  – 1  sin 2   y  1  sin 2 

 2 2 
 Range of f(x) =   1  sin  , 1  sin  
 

Example 2:
1 1
If f(x).f   = f(x) + f    x  R – {0}, where f(x) be a polynomial function of degree n N,
x x
then find f(x).
Solution :

1 1  1 

f(x).f   = f(x) + f     f  x   1f ( x )  1 = 1 . . . . . (i)
x x    

1
 f   – 1 and f(x) – 1 are reciprocal to each other,,
x

1
also x and are reciprocal to each other..
x
Thus (i) holds only when
f(x) – 1 =  xn, nR  f(x) = 1  xn

Example 3:

 x  1, x  1  x 2 ,  1 x  2
Let f (x) =  and g(x) =  Find fog.
2x  1, 1  x  2 x  2, 2  x  3
Solution:

 g (x )  1, g (x ) 1
(fog) (x) = f(g (x)) = 
2g( x )  1, 1  g( x )  2
Let us consider, g(x)  1:
(i) x2  1, – 1  x < 2  – 1  x  1, – 1  x < 2
(ii) x  2  1, 2  x  3  x [ 2 , 1)  (1, 2 ], 1  x  2  1 x  2
(iv) 1 < x + 2  2, 2  x  3  – 1 < x  x  3, x = 

 x 2  1,  1  x 1
Thus f(g(x)) =  2
2x  1, 1  x  2

Example 4:
n
 f ( x )  f (x ) 
Let F(x) =   . Show that F(x) is even when n is even and is odd when n is odd.
 g ( x )  g (x ) 

Solution :
Let h (x) = f(x) + f(–x) and k(x) = g(x) – g(–x).
Then h(–x) = f(–x) + f(x) = h(x) and k(–x) = g(–x) –g(x) = –k(x)
 h(x) is even while k (x) is odd.
n n n
 h(x)   h ( x )   h(x) 
Thus F(x) =   and F(–x) =    (1) n   = (–1)n F(x)
 k ( x )   k (  x )   k ( x ) 
Hence f(x) is an even function when n is even, and odd function, when n is odd.

Example 5:
Find the Domain and Range of the following functions:
 sin x  cos x  3 2 
(i) 2
f(x) = sin [ln (5x – 8x + 4)] (ii) f(x) = log2  

 2 
Solution :
(i) Df : 5(x – 4/5)2 + 4/5 > 0: always true.
 ln (5x2 - 8x + 4) defined for x  (–, ) = Df

  2
4 4
Rf : y = f(x) = sin u, where u =  n  5 x    has umin = ln 4/5
  5  5 

4
min. for x =
5

ie., ln 4/5  u <  . . . (i)

For u  [ln 4/5, ), sin u assumes all values between – 1 and 1.
  –1  y  1, y  [- 1, 1] = Rf
sin x  cos x
(ii) Let u =  3  sin x   / 4  + 3  2  u  4 :
2 
1. . . . .1

log2 u is defined for x  (- , ) = Df

Rf : y = log2 u, 2  u  4: log22  y  log2 4  1  y  2 : y  [1, 2] = Rf

Example 6:
 3 
2
 
Find the domain of the function f(x) = log log|sin x| x  8x  23  log | sin x |  .
 2 
Solution :
3

f(x) is defined if log|sin x| x 2  8x  23   log 2 | sin x |
>0

 x 2  8x  23   3 log 2 8 
 log|sin x| 
   0 as   log|sin x| 8
8  log 2 | sin x | log 2 | sin x | 
 

x 2  8x  23
 sin x  0,1 and 1
8

as |sinx| < 1  log|sin x| a  0  a  1

x 2  8x  23
Now,  1  x 2  8x  15  0
8
 3 
 x  3, 5   , 
 2

 3   3 
Hence domain of a function =  3,     , 2    2 , 5  .
   
Example 7:
ABCD is a square of side a. A line parallel to the diagonal BD at a distance x from the vertex A cuts
two adjacent sides. Express the area of the segment of the square, with A at a vertex, as a function
of x.
Solution :

D F
D C C
a
F P
O a O
P E

A B A B
a
a
 There are two different situations
a
(i) when x = AP  OA, i.e., x 
2
a
(ii) When x = AP >OA, i.e., x > but x  2a
2
1
Case (i) ar(AEF) = x. 2x = x2
2
(PE = PF = AP = x)

Case (ii) ar (ABEFDA) = ar (ABCD) – ar (CFE)

1
= a2 –
2
.   
2a  x . 2 2a  x  [ CP = 2 a – x]

 
= a2 – 2a 2  x 2  2 2ax = 2 2ax  x 2  a 2
 the required function f(x) is as follows :

 2 a
 x , 0 x
f (x)   2
2 2 a .
2 2ax  x  a ,  x  2a
 2
Example 8:
If a, b  R be fixed positive numbers such that f(a + x)
= b + [b3 + 1 – 3b2. f(x) + 3b{f(x)}2 – {f(x)}3]1/3
for all x  R then prove that f(x) is a periodic function.
Solution :
Here, {f(a + x) – b}3
= b3 + 1 – 3b2 f(x) + 3b{f(x)}2 – {f(x)}3
= 1 – [{f(x)}3 – 3b. {f(x)}2 + 3b2. f(x) – b3]
= 1 – {f(x) – b}3
 {f(a + x) – b]3 + {f(x) – b}3 = 1 . . . (i)
This is true for all x.
Putting a + x for x in (i), we get,
{f(2a + x) – b}3 + {f(a + x)} – b}3 = 1 . . . (ii)
Subtracting (i) from (ii)
{f(2a + x) – b)3 – {f(x) – b)3 = 0 or {f(2a + x) – b}3 = {f(x) – b}3
or f(2a + x) – b = f(x) – b or f(2a + x) = f(x)
 f(x) is a periodic function.
 SOLVED OBJECTIVE EXAMPLES
Example 1:
Which of the following function (s) from f : A  A are invertible, where A [ –1, 1]
x x
(A) f(x) = (B) f(x) = sin
2 2
(C) f(x) = |x| (D) f(x) = x2
Solution :
x
Clearly ‘c’ and ‘d’ are ruled out as these are many–one. Also f(x) = is one–one but not onto.
2
 x 
g(x)= sin   is both one–one and onto. Hence (B) is the correct answer
 2 
Example 2 :
  2 
Let f:  ,   [0, 4] be a function defined as f(x) = 3 sin x – cosx + 2. Then f–1 (x) is
3 3 
given by
 x 2   x 2 
(A) sin–1   (B) sin–1  
 2  6  2  6
2  x 2
(C)  cos 1   (D) None of these
3  2 
Solution :
 
f(x) = 3 sin x – cos x + 2 = 2 sin  x   + 2 . Since f(x) is one–one and onto, f is invertible.
 6

1   1   x
Now fof–1 (x) = x  2 sin  f ( x )    2  x  sin  f ( x )    1
 6  6 2

x  
 f–1 (x) = sin–1   1 
2  6

x
Because  1  1 for all x  [0, 4]. Hence (B) is the correct answer..
2
Example 3:
 x; when x is rational
If f(x) = 1  x; when x is irrational , then fof (x) is given as

(A) 1 (B) x
(C) 1 + x (D) None of these
Solution :

fof (x) = 
f (x) ;when f(x) is rational
1  f(x); when f(x) is irrational
x;
 when x is rational
= 1  (1  x); when x is irrational = x

Hence (B) is the correct answer

Example 4:
If f(x) is defined on domain [0, 1] then f(2 sinx) is defined on
   5   
(A)  2n, 2n  6  2n  6
, 2n  1  (B)

 2n, 2n  6 
n1 n1

 5 
(C)  2n  6
, 2n  1

(D) None of these
n1
Solution :
f(x) is defined on [0, 1]  0  x  1
Now f(2sin x) shall be defined, if 0  2 sin x  1

1    5 
 0  sin x 
2
 x  2n, 2n  6  2n 
nI 6
, 2n  1 

Hence (A) is the correct answer.
Example 5:
cos x
f(x) = , where x is not an integral multiple of  and [] denote the greatest integer
x 1
    2
function, is
(A) an odd function (B) an even function
(C) neither odd nor even (D) none of these
Solution :

cos( x ) cos x  x  x x 

f(–x) = =  as x  n   I, so as         1
 x 1 x 1      
 
   2      1 
2
cos x
=  f ( x )  f(x) is an odd function.
x 1
    2
Hence (A) is correct answer.
Example 6:
Let f : [– 10, 10]  R, where f(x) = sinx + [x2/a] and [.] denotes the greatest integer function be
an odd function. Then set of values of parameter ‘a’ is / are
(A) (–10, 10) – {0} (B) (0, 10)
(C) [100, ) (D) (100, )
Solution :
Since f(x) is an odd function,
x2  x2
  0 for all x  [– 10, 10]  0  < 1 for all x  [–10, 10]
 a  a

 a > 100 Hence, (D) is the correct answer

Example 7:
If f is a function such that f(0) = 2, f(1) = 3 and f(x + 2) = 2f(x) – f(x + 1) for every real x then
f(5) is
(A) 7 (B) 13
(C) 1 (D) 5
Solution :
x = 0  f(2) = 2f(0) – f(1) = 2 × 2 – 3 = 1 x = 1  f(3) = 6 – 1 = 5
x = 2  f(4) = 2f(2) – f(3) = 2 × 1 – 5 = – 3
x = 3  f(5) = 2f(3) – f(4) = 2(5) – (– 3) = 13 . Hence (B) is correct answer.
Example 8:
 x2  e 
If f(x) = ln  2
,
 then range of f(x) is
 x  1 
(A) (0, 1) (B) (0, 1]
(C) [0, 1) (D) {0, 1}
Solution :
 x2  e   x2 1 1  e   e 1 
l n
f(x) =  2  = ln    l n 1  2 
  x  1 
2
 x 1    x 1
Clearly range is (0, 1]
Hence (B) is correct answer.

Example 9:
If f(x) is a function that is odd and even simultaneously, then f(3) – f(2) is equal to
(A) 1 (B) – 1
(C) 0 (D) None of these
Solution :
f(x) = 0  x  R  f(3) – f(2) = 0.
Hence (C) is correct answer.
Example 10:
e |x|  e  x
Let f : R  R be a function defined by f(x) = . Then
e x  e x
(A) f is both one-one and onto (B) f is one-one but not onto
(C) f is onto but not one-one (D) f is neither one-one nor onto.
Solution :
f is not one-one as f(0) = 0 and f(–1) = 0. f is also not onto a for y = 1 there is no x  R such
that f(x) = 1. If there is such an x  R, then e|x|  e  x  e x  e x .Clearly x  0. For x > 0, this
e2x  1
equation gives e–x = 0 which is not possible and for x < 0,  0 , which is also not
ex
possible. Hence (D) is the correct answer.