Derivative of Exponential and

Logarithmic Functions
(MAT051 - Calculus I)

2nd Semester, 2022-2023

JEAN M. CABARO, PhD

Mathematics Department
Mindanao State University Main Campus
Marawi City
jean.cabaro@msumain.edu.ph
The Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
The Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Recall [Pre-Calculus]:
The Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Recall [Pre-Calculus]:
1. The exponential function with base a is the function defined by

y = f (x ) = ax , a > 0.
The Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Recall [Pre-Calculus]:
1. The exponential function with base a is the function defined by

y = f (x ) = ax , a > 0.

2. The logarithmic functions to the base a, denoted by f (x ) = loga x, is defined

as the inverse of the exponential function y = ax , where a > 0 and a 6= 1.
The Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Recall [Pre-Calculus]:
1. The exponential function with base a is the function defined by

y = f (x ) = ax , a > 0.

2. The logarithmic functions to the base a, denoted by f (x ) = loga x, is defined

as the inverse of the exponential function y = ax , where a > 0 and a 6= 1.
3. The laws of exponents hold for exponential functions.
3. The laws of exponents hold for exponential functions.
4. If M = aN , then N = loga M, where M , N > 0.
5. Let a, M and N be nonnegative numbers. Then the following hold:
3. The laws of exponents hold for exponential functions.
4. If M = aN , then N = loga M, where M , N > 0.
5. Let a, M and N be nonnegative numbers. Then the following hold:
(a) loga 1 = 0
3. The laws of exponents hold for exponential functions.
4. If M = aN , then N = loga M, where M , N > 0.
5. Let a, M and N be nonnegative numbers. Then the following hold:
(a) loga 1 = 0
(b) loga a = 1
3. The laws of exponents hold for exponential functions.
4. If M = aN , then N = loga M, where M , N > 0.
5. Let a, M and N be nonnegative numbers. Then the following hold:
(a) loga 1 = 0
(b) loga a = 1
(c) loga MN = loga M + loga N
3. The laws of exponents hold for exponential functions.
4. If M = aN , then N = loga M, where M , N > 0.
5. Let a, M and N be nonnegative numbers. Then the following hold:
(a) loga 1 = 0
(b) loga a = 1
(c) loga MN = loga M + loga N
M
(d) loga = loga M − loga N
N
3. The laws of exponents hold for exponential functions.
4. If M = aN , then N = loga M, where M , N > 0.
5. Let a, M and N be nonnegative numbers. Then the following hold:
(a) loga 1 = 0
(b) loga a = 1
(c) loga MN = loga M + loga N
M
(d) loga = loga M − loga N
N
(e) loga M r = r loga M, for any r ∈ R
3. The laws of exponents hold for exponential functions.
4. If M = aN , then N = loga M, where M , N > 0.
5. Let a, M and N be nonnegative numbers. Then the following hold:
(a) loga 1 = 0
(b) loga a = 1
(c) loga MN = loga M + loga N
M
(d) loga = loga M − loga N
N
(e) loga M r = r loga M, for any r ∈ R
ln M
(f) loga M =
ln a
Derivative of Exp and Log Functions

i. Dx (e x ) = e x .
Derivative of Exp and Log Functions

i. Dx (e x ) = e x .
1
ii. Dx (ln x ) = .
x
Derivative of Exp and Log Functions

i. Dx (e x ) = e x .
1
ii. Dx (ln x ) = .
x
x x
iii. Dx (a ) = a ln a, a > 0.
Derivative of Exp and Log Functions

i. Dx (e x ) = e x .
1
ii. Dx (ln x ) = .
x
x x
iii. Dx (a ) = a ln a, a > 0.
1
iv. Dx (loga x ) = , a > 0.
x · ln a
Derivative of Exp and Log Functions

Let u be differentiable function of x. Then

Derivative of Exp and Log Functions

Let u be differentiable function of x. Then

i. Dx (e u ) = e u · Dx (u ).
Derivative of Exp and Log Functions

Let u be differentiable function of x. Then

i. Dx (e u ) = e u · Dx (u ).
1
ii. Dx (ln u ) = · Dx (u ).
u
Derivative of Exp and Log Functions

Let u be differentiable function of x. Then

i. Dx (e u ) = e u · Dx (u ).
1
ii. Dx (ln u ) = · Dx (u ).
u
iii. Dx (au ) = au · ln a · Dx (u ), a > 0.
Derivative of Exp and Log Functions

Let u be differentiable function of x. Then

i. Dx (e u ) = e u · Dx (u ).
1
ii. Dx (ln u ) = · Dx (u ).
u
iii. Dx (au ) = au · ln a · Dx (u ), a > 0.
1
iv. Dx (loga u ) = · Dx (u ), a > 0.
u ln a
Example. Find the derivative of each of the following:
Example. Find the derivative of each of the following:
3
1. f (x ) = e 1−x
Example. Find the derivative of each of the following:
3
1. f (x ) = e 1−x
3 3
Solution: f 0 (x ) = e 1−x · (−3x 2 ) = −3x 2 e 1−x
Example. Find the derivative of each of the following:
3
1. f (x ) = e 1−x
3 3
Solution: f 0 (x ) = e 1−x · (−3x 2 ) = −3x 2 e 1−x
2
2. f (x ) = 5x
Example. Find the derivative of each of the following:
3
1. f (x ) = e 1−x
3 3
Solution: f 0 (x ) = e 1−x · (−3x 2 ) = −3x 2 e 1−x
2
2. f (x ) = 5x
2 2
Solution: f 0 (x ) = 5x · ln 5 · (2x ) = 2x (ln 5)5x
Example. Find the derivative of each of the following:
3
1. f (x ) = e 1−x
3 3
Solution: f 0 (x ) = e 1−x · (−3x 2 ) = −3x 2 e 1−x
2
2. f (x ) = 5x
2 2
Solution: f 0 (x ) = 5x · ln 5 · (2x ) = 2x (ln 5)5x

3. f (x ) = e 3x +ln x
Example. Find the derivative of each of the following:
3
1. f (x ) = e 1−x
3 3
Solution: f 0 (x ) = e 1−x · (−3x 2 ) = −3x 2 e 1−x
2
2. f (x ) = 5x
2 2
Solution: f 0 (x ) = 5x · ln 5 · (2x ) = 2x (ln 5)5x

3. f (x ) = e 3x +ln x
Solution: Note that f (x ) = e 3x +ln x = e 3x e ln x = xe 3x , since e ln x = x.
Thus,
Example. Find the derivative of each of the following:
3
1. f (x ) = e 1−x
3 3
Solution: f 0 (x ) = e 1−x · (−3x 2 ) = −3x 2 e 1−x
2
2. f (x ) = 5x
2 2
Solution: f 0 (x ) = 5x · ln 5 · (2x ) = 2x (ln 5)5x

3. f (x ) = e 3x +ln x
Solution: Note that f (x ) = e 3x +ln x = e 3x e ln x = xe 3x , since e ln x = x.
Thus,
f 0 (x ) = x · (e 3x · 3) + e 3x · 1 = e 3x (3x + 1)
  
1−x
4. f (x ) = log2
2 − x2
  
1−x
4. f (x ) = log2
2 − x2
Solution: Note that
 
1−x
f (x ) = log2 = log2 (1 − x ) − log2 (2 − x 2 ).
2 − x2
  
1−x
4. f (x ) = log2
2 − x2
Solution: Note that
 
1−x
f (x ) = log2 = log2 (1 − x ) − log2 (2 − x 2 ).
2 − x2

Thus,
  
1−x
4. f (x ) = log2
2 − x2
Solution: Note that
 
1−x
f (x ) = log2 = log2 (1 − x ) − log2 (2 − x 2 ).
2 − x2

Thus,
1 1
f 0 (x ) = · (−1) − · (−2x )
(1 − x ) ln 2 (2 − x 2 ) ln 2
  
1−x
4. f (x ) = log2
2 − x2
Solution: Note that
 
1−x
f (x ) = log2 = log2 (1 − x ) − log2 (2 − x 2 ).
2 − x2

Thus,
1 1
f 0 (x ) = · (−1) − · (−2x )
(1 − x ) ln 2 (2 − x 2 ) ln 2
−1 2x
= +
(1 − x ) ln 2 (2 − x 2 ) ln 2
  
1−x
4. f (x ) = log2
2 − x2
Solution: Note that
 
1−x
f (x ) = log2 = log2 (1 − x ) − log2 (2 − x 2 ).
2 − x2

Thus,
1 1
f 0 (x ) = · (−1) − · (−2x )
(1 − x ) ln 2 (2 − x 2 ) ln 2
−1 2x
= +
(1 − x ) ln 2 (2 − x 2 ) ln 2
 
1 −1 2x
= + .
ln 2 1 − x 2 − x2
 √ 1
5. g (x ) = arcsin x · ln x = arcsin x · ln(x 2 )
 √ 1
5. g (x ) = arcsin x · ln x = arcsin x · ln(x 2 )
Solution:
 
0 1 1 −1 1 1
g (x ) = arcsin x · 1 x 2 + ln x 2 · √
x 2 2 1 − x2
 √ 1
5. g (x ) = arcsin x · ln x = arcsin x · ln(x 2 )
Solution:
 
0 1 −11 1 1
g (x ) = arcsin x · 1 x 2 + ln x 2 · √
x2 2 √ 1 − x2
1 ln x
= arcsin x · +√
2x 1 − x2
 √ 1
5. g (x ) = arcsin x · ln x = arcsin x · ln(x 2 )
Solution:


0 1
1 −1 1 1
g (x ) = arcsin x · 1 x 2 + ln x 2 · √
x2 2 √ 1 − x2
1 ln x
= arcsin x · +√
2x 1 − x2
√
arcsin x ln x
= +√ .
2x 1 − x2
Exercise. Find the derivative of each of the following:
2
1. s (x ) = e −5x 6. F (x ) = e 2x +x −1

2
2. q (x ) = x 3 e 5x 7. G (x ) = x 5 e −2x
2
3. f (x ) = 53x 8. H (x ) = 2−3x
 
1
4. g (x ) = log2 9. h(x ) = log5 (x 2 − 3x + 2)
x +1

5. p (x ) = 5arctan x
+ arcsin(e 1−x ) 10. w (x ) = ln | sec x + tan x |
 ASSESSMENT TEST

NAME: SIGNATURE:
SECTION: DATE:
SCORE:
Find the derivative of each of the given functions.
1. y = arccos(e 1−2x )
2. f (x ) = ln(sin 4x ) + 2sin 4x + ln e
3. e 2x y = xy − arccot (e x y )