UNIT: 1

2MARKS

1. Give a note, why do oil immersion objective lenses have higher numerical apertures
than dry (non-oil) lenses
2. Louis Pasteur is regarded as “Father of Microbiology” Justify this.
3. Draw a neat labelled diagram of a bacterial cell.
4. What is contribution of Alexander Flemming in Microbiology?
5. Differentiate between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes in two main aspects
6. List the functions of bacterial capsule.
7. Add a note on distribution pattern of flagella.
8. Scope and application of Microbiology.
9. Unique property of agar as a solidifying agent.
10. Differentiate between basic agar media and selective differential media.

5MARKS
1. Write the principle, applications, advantages, disadvantages of Phase contrast
microscopy.
2. Comment on carbon, nitrogen and energy requirement of bacteria
3. Discuss the factors affecting bacterial growth.
4. Describe the procedure of preparation of basic nutrient agar medium required for
microbial cultivation.
5. Differentiate between phase contrast and dark field microscopy.
6. Discuss on different types of media used with examples.
7. Explain the importance of Swan neck technique in relation to microbiology.
8. List out contributions of pharmaceutical microbiology in context to human health.
9. Differentiate prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
10. Describe the importance and applications of electron microscope.

10MARKS
1. Describe the following:
a) Bacterial Growth Curve.
b) Viable counting of bacteria.
2. Discuss in detail the different types of microscopies used in microbiology.
 3. Explain the importance of selective and differential medium for bacteria.
4. Explain about any two methods of isolation and preservation of bacteria in detail.
5. Give a detailed note on cultivation and transport of anaerobes.

UNIT: 2
2MARKS
1. Define Sterilization.
2. What do you understand by IMViC?
3. Enlist different types of phenol Coefficient tests.
4. Differentiate between dry and moist heat sterilization.
5. A brief note on Membrane filter.
6. What do you understand by aseptic and clean area?
7. Define and classify sterilization methods.
8. Give two examples each of fungicidal and virucidal agents.
9. Importance of moist heat sterilization.
10. Classify different types of sterilizing agents with examples.

5MARKS
1. Define Phenol coefficient test. Explain Chick Martin’s test.
2. Acid - Fast staining technique.
3. Explain the sterilization methods by radiation sterilization.
4. Give a note on factors effecting sterilization.
5. Give a detailed note on importance of sterilization.
6. Explain the mechanism of action of liquid sterilizing agents on microbes with
examples.
7. Define sterility. Give a note on sterility indicators.
8. Give a note on different types of staining techniques with examples.
9. Explain the merits and demerits of mechanical sterilization agents.
10. “Manufacturing of pharmaceutical products must be done in sterilized conditions”,
justify the above statement.
10MARKS
1. Discuss in detail about gaseous sterilization method including their merits
anddemerits.
2. Write in detail on the principle, instrumentation, procedure, merits and demerits
ofmoist heat and Dry Heat Sterilisation.
3. Define Disinfection. Classify Disinfectants. Write in detail about evaluation of
disinfectants.