List of questions for the colloquium:

Section 1:

1. Bacterial chromosome and extrachromosomal carriers of genetic information

2. Cytoplasm – ribosomes and volutin inclusions, Neisser staining
3. Main differences of cell walls of G+ and G-bacteria. Gram staining.
4. Cell membrane. Main functions.
5. Flagellae
6. Fimbriae (pilli)
7. Spores. Peshkov staining.
8. Capsule and slime
9. Acid-fast bacteria. Ziehl-Neelsen staining. (for stainings I insist on mainly knowing the result)

Section 2:

1. Preparation of microbiological glass slide. Examples of simple and complex stainings.

2. Types of nutrient media according to consistency and purpose. Examples. You should can
explain differences between elective, selective, indicator nutrient media.
3. Streak-plate method. The idea of inoculation – single isolated colonies and their main
characteristics.
4. Inoculation on liquid nutrient media. Signs of bacterial growth.
5. Methods for anaerobic cultivation.
6. Kligler’s polytropic medium.
7. Microbial number, formula
8. Disinfection and sterilization: main terms, principle of autoclave, autoclaving vs hot air oven,
most effective concentration of ethanol
9. Preparation of an antibiogram
10. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration

Section 3:

1. Beta- lactams
2. Macrolides
3. Amphenicoles
4. Lincosamides
5. Tetracyclines
6. Aminoglycosides
7. Quinolones
8. Sulfonamides (combination trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)
9. The four mechanisms of antibiotic resistance