CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Education is an indispensible system on which the life of every individual is built and as well

stimulates the entire life application. It can also be referred to as a process designed for the

acquisition and dissemination of skills and knowledge to the prosperity of the nation.

The effort expended in the process of registration of students and computation of their examination

is awesome. Quite worrisome or perturbing is the fact that these processes are carried out every

academic terms, putting all operations in a continuous and ever demanding circle. The computation

of examination result is obviously an object-centered activity, the student being the dominant

object in this case. Hence, the need to evolve a computerized process that will effectively and

efficiently capture all the important data associated with the examination and result processing

within the senior secondary schools and the interactions among the object.

Student’s examination result is the summary of each of the terms in a section also, through the

three years of the senior secondary schoolprogramme. A student’s result is also demanded by a

student who has finished either SSS1 programme to determine whether the student is qualified or

not for the next class or the SSCE and wishes to further into a university, polytechnic or college.

It is prepared or formed by the score entered on the designed score sheet by the individual subject

teachers on terminal examination. These genuine and noble desires necessitate the design and

development of the student’s examination result processing system software.

 When a student attends an academic institution, a record, i.e. the result,is kept to trace his/her

academic performance. The student examination displays a record of all the grades a student has

acquired at each class and terms in a school. Below are frequently asked questions about a student’s

examination results.

- How is student examination result used?

Student can use a student’s examination result as a means of monitoring their grades and to make

sure the information is accurate. Students can use an “unofficial student examination result” for

this purpose.

- How can I obtain a student examination result?

Students must request their examination result from the office of records or from the office of the

registrar. Each school has its own student’s examination result release procedures.

1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

There has been problem of much work for the teachers in marking, scoring, recording, grading,

finding class average, and in some cases, awarding hierarchy in performance of the students and

lots more. Another problem or a donor to the complaints of teachers is the drastic increase in the

population of students enrolling into schools in each year.

These harsh complains and the delay in preparing students examination result has been the major

concern and therefore has intensified the need to design a software which will go a long way in

tackling these problems and proffering solutions also to quicken the generation of students result.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The major aim of this study is to provide a lasting solution to the problems that has been identified

from the manual means of result computation by employing the computerized means. These aims

are listed below;

- To design and develop a computerized system that will handle the examination result processing

so as to liquidate the problems of computation.

- To produce a reliable system that would help to improve the approach on computation.

- To eliminate the stress encountered during the process of computation.

- To enhance good and accurate computation of result.

- To make the whole process of computation easier.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The project work will help in a good number of ways to ease the delay in manual examination

processing. The software developed will help schools management to achieve efficient information

management system. There are many other advantages, and some of them are listed below.

- It saves time during examination processing

- References are very fast and delays can be avoided.

- It allows easy access to stored information.

- Help in reducing the costs such as labor, inventory and stationary.

- To make result processes faster.

- To eliminate error due to manual processing.

 - To provide security measures to check student mischievous act of changing marks on the result

sheet.

1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study covered the substantive solution to the problems generated by the existing system used

in the student examination result processing system. However, the case study is Mainstream

Energy Solutions Limited (M.E.S.L.) secondary school, New Bussa, Niger State.

1.5 DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following are some terms commonly used in this project.

- DATA: Raw information, fact, figure, collected together for references.

- INPUT: This term is used to denote an insertion of data into the system. Also, it can be a hardware

that help send data into the computer

- OUTPUT: These are computer hardware that are responsible for the dispatch of processed

information.

- SOFTWARE: A set of programs written to carryout some tasks in the computer. Also, it’s a logical

related program that works together to control hardware components.

- PROCESS: This is the management or transformation of data into useful information.

- DESIGN: The act or process of deciding how something will look or work.

- DOCUMENTATION: material that provides official information or evidence or that serves as

record, written specification and information that describes the product.

- SYSTEM: A system can be said to be a set of computer components, i.e. an assembly of computer

hardware and the peripherals functioning together.

- MANAGEMENT: Management is a human action, including design, to facilitate the production

of useful outcomes from a system.

- AUTOMATION: the replacement of human workers by technology; a system in which a

workplace or processes has been converted to one that replaced or ministries human labor with

electronic or mechanical equipment.

- DATABASE: a systematically arranged collection of data, designed so that it can be automatically

retrieved or manipulated easily by authorized users.

- DATABASE SERVERS: Database servers are computers that hold the actual databases and run

only the DBMS and related software.

- DATA STRUCTURE:Data structures (fields, records, files and objects) optimized to deal with

very large amounts of data stored on a permanentdata storage device (which implies relatively

slow access compared to volatile main memory).

- DATA SECURITY: Data security prevents unauthorized users from viewing or updating the

database by the use of passwords.

- DATA CONSISTENCY: Data consistency ensures a consistent view of data to every user.

- PASSWORD: this is a secret code that a user must type into a computer to enable him/her access

it or its applications. This is made up of numbers, letters, characters or contribution of any of the

above categories.

- PHP: HYPERTEXT PREPROCESSOR (the name is a recursive acronym): This is a Programming

language known as a server-side scripting language. It was used in the developing of this software.

- QUERY LANGUAGE: A database query language and report writer allows users to interactively

interrogate the database, analyze its data and update it according to the user’s privileges on data.

It also controls the security of the database.

 - SOFTWARE:Software is a collection of written programs which directs the computer on what to

do.

- QUERYING: Querying is the process of requesting attribute information from various

perspectives and combinations of factors.

- MODULES: this is an independent/self- contained program.

- SQL:Structured Query Language, it is a code used to query or insert records in a Database.

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