OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS OMEGA TYPE PET-443 Paoo 2/7

OMEGA TYPE PET .443 Power Electronic Training Boord has boon dos lo nod epoclflcally ror the study or
e Phase Fully Controlled Thyrlstorlzed Bridge Converter with Trlogorlng Circuit.
Practlcal experience on this board carries great educative value ror Science ond Enolnocrln(l Students,

IECT
To study the nature and generation of Control Signal fo! .3 phase Fyllwave Controlled Rectifier.
To study the operation of a 3 phase Fullwave Cqntrollod Bridge Roclfnor wllh Rlood. - -
To study the operation of a 3 ~ lwave c ontroiied Bridge Rectifier with R-L load.
T1;,.stu.dy_lh_e_eff~ t of Free Wheeling Diode on the output waverorm.
\TURES
The board consists of the following built-In parts:
Three Phase line commuted fully-controlled thyrlstorlzed bridge converter.
Thr~e pole power contractor with AC coll complet~wllh Push-to-ON switch.
Four pole Miniature Clrt:ult Breaker (MCB).
Three sepa;ate lde~dlc~I cards conslsi lng or Zero Crossing Detector, Integrator, Comparator and Pulse
Gene'rator one for each pha_§e, for controlling the triggering angles of the positive group bf three thyrlsto1s:
-Another card In conjucllon with above three cards for controlling the triggering angles or the·negatlve group
of three tl)yristors.
· Firing angle control potentiometer. • •
Three 415 : 6V tra;sformersAC supply for Triggering.
Tfiree 415 : s~7)lransrormer ror rectifications.
± 12V at 500mA, IC Regulated-PowerSupply for TriggeringClrcuits.
5\Taf500fui\ol'c:-ReguiatedPower Supply for Triggering Circuits.
0. Six nos. Driver Circuilswilfi l:ulse Transformers.
1. ~quency Gated D'ual Gate Firing 3 nos.
2. Rand L load with Loa~e dlvl~
13. Two3½aigitalpanel meter (OP~MUor meas!)rement of voltage and current.
14. One freewheel diode. ' ------ ·
15. Uneartned mains sockets for CRO.
16 ....~equiiieM_.__gl othe,Electronlc C~ ~nts.
17. Three jewel llghtln red.
l ·Tfie unit Is operative on 3-~ 41 SV at 50Hz A.C. Mains.
0

l Adequat; no: ofpatch cords siackab1e· 4-mm spring loaaed plug length½ metre.
J Good Quall!Y._:rellab~e~lnal/sockets are provldeaafapproprlate placesah panel for connections/
obS()rvaUon of waveforms. --- ·- - -· · .. -- _ _ _ _,
OTHERAPPARATUS REQUIRED
Dual T~ce Ca1!1ode Ray Oscilloscope 20MHz (Unearthed)
INTRODUCTION • -
· Ge!!_erally_EJe_three pha~_~commutated bridge converters are used where both con"erslon and
nverslonboperaWons are
Il!!-kl · regu In:,d I.e. I~---- -
H,,VDC power supply system DC mOlor i
speedcontrol with regenerative
Kl~ n9tts at!ery charger~front end converters In choee.erslriveriers and cyc\o:-conveftefs:"Oji1oabolll10--
-h~a- power ratl~gs the.!!Jlgle phase cci'iiveiters are used.and for moret nan .10 KW power ratingsth; 3
p ase converters are used These - - rt- - -- - - .
becaiise'iiieoui ut volta ~nve e~~e-~o called two q~adr~x P~~ge conveners (B~
Input supply i i l ~ or co~:ase!uJly CQOtrolled conve~_!:~lx p u ~ t n ~ cycle dulatlon or the
Where 11 ,. erters generate sixth order or the lowest h;;irmonlcs or the order 5-n. 1.
. 1
- '-2' 3
, • · • •1n the Input power suppl t (Th - - --·- - -~
~ I n the ordero~l!_armo"aL - - -· Y cu~ren · e amplitudes or the ha'."1onlcs decrease wiiiiai,"-

llllllllllmm ca::i
IIWllllllllll c~~R -~ IIH·fflr~;::;;--:~::-=::::-:-=--------.
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- OMEGA ELECTRONICS, JAIPUR-302 006 (INDIA) I
 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS OMEGA TYPE PET-443 Page 3/7

,,rt-.~
_j__., --'51',~----

J_ !•
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C\
.....
.a. '""
PUSHTO ON
\Y FOIi OUTPUT
N--------'

FIG.1(a)
Fig. 1~a) shows a three phas_e_lil}e C..Q.l!l!l1Utated fully controlledJhyristorised bridge_converter. !h~ controlled
DC voltage 1s~ btained _bt_~ntrolling_t!!_e triggering·angle-->-a .gt thyristors. The triggering angle is a measured
from the crossover points of the phase voltages as
shown R5f,"Ysfand Bst poin'fs. . ._ -

,, ---~-~" .,:.:, .. ...~ ,, V 51k t

/; • er1umoaz 71'

~ ~t'a" i
!
3C
Trlg9<1ring
anglc(a/)

FIG. 1 (b) VARIATION IN LOAD VOLT~~E WITH THE VARIATION OF TRIGGERING ANGLE

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CIL,.
i~ :
: ~j B' ~• '1 ° ii' rf
I I
(a> LOAD "Of..TA(;F AN.D q-pt•.f.~ l~?UT tUllfif.NT
I I
I I
I I
i: y·~? ,fly t, AB fR Ai / QL ,_

·. I ·tr~
.'~~.~~;~_i_;\ [\
•~,]
rt
~l11
. f,,1_- '
f7f1 '•l 1 i'
. __..,__: ----~· ..........,
Wl . 211 ?
(b) OAO 'l'OL":'A:'.E r,J,O LOAD C\JRP.ENT ''ll'H
tllijH l~DU(;l1~~ R-L \.OAO

~YR! r4 !. ~~--·_.w([]]ljffi]UUJ•=·
:.. --~mmm::[):_:~~~
'
~ R 6 'lo,..f'd,-~ -
IJlTl]TlJ.. _____ .rt
SCR2
SCR4 t-1-_ _ _ _ 1µ,_y-j,,,U!~--:--
nnmm
-.i,i
.Jl.lLUJli,_.-_11ll1l.,u.a.---:-·. 1JIIlTIT)
_ _..IJmmi:..oJ.L.J.Wi.J--... ~I

FIG. 2 LOAD VOLTAGE, LOAD CURRENT AND TRIGGERING PULSE

302 006
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 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS OMEGA lYPE PET-~Page4/ 7
Where ei : Phase to phase voltage of the input power supply rms.

If the triggeri_ng angle a is great~r th_an the output voltage EL will be negative. So if a DC power supply
I
!
with opposite polarity shov.:n by dott~d ne in fig . 1~b) is_connected at the output side, then It will supply power
o the output voltage EL with the variation of the tnggenng angle is shown in fig. 1(b). Rg. 2 shows R - phase
t rrent load voltage load current and triggering pulses
input CU . ·
In fig. 1 (a), thy~1stors SCR1, SCR2 and SCR3 are called positive group thyristors because they are tumed
on when the respe~tive phase voltage are positive. Similarly, thyristors SCR4, SCR5 and SCR6 are called
st
live group thyri ors. The changeover of conduction from one thyristor to other thyristors In the positlVe
3
neg:p SCR1, SCR2,SCR will take place only, if the phase voltage of the thyristors to be tumed on is more
~:itive than th~t of the_thyristors to ~e tuned off. Similarly the change over of conduction from one thyristors to
other thyristors in negative group th ynstors(SCR4, SCR5, SCR6) will take place only of the phase voltage oftt:r:,
thyristors to be turned on is more negative than that of thyristors to be turned off. The thyristors SCR1,
SCR6,SCR2; SCR4, SCR3,SCR5,SCR1 .... . are turned on in sequence of their numbers with a phase
difference of 60°. It can be noted that the negative group thyristors SCR4, SCRS, SCR6 are turned on in a
sequence after 180° from the positive..grocrp thyristors SCR1, SCR2,SCR3 respectively. With a high inductive
load, each thyristors conducts for 120° (2n /3). So the positive and negative current flow for 120° in each phase
of the input power supply. Table 1 shows the conduction sequence of the thyristors.

coming triggering pulses GR Gs• Gy GR' Gs Gy GR

Conducting thyristors before SCR3 SCR1 SCR1 SCR2 SCR2 SCR3 SCR3
Coming triggering pulses SCRS SCR5 SCR6 SCR6 SCR4 SCR4 SCRS
-:
Outgoing ( to be turned off ) SCR3 SCR1 SCR2 SCR3
thyristors SCRS SCR6 SCR4
. Coming ( to be turned on ) SCR1 SCR2 SCR3 SCR1
thyristors SCR6 SCR4 SCRS

SAFETY PRECAUTION & INSTALLATION

t 1. As the unit wcrks on 3 phase AC mains supply (415V) all connections are to d~ne ke~ping the_ supply
and ON / OFF switch in OFF condition. Make connection to 3 phase socket provided with the umt, such
a way that when 3phase male socket connected it gets RYS phase correctly.
2. Do not touch the t~rminations / connection during ON condition.
3. Observe all normal necessary safety precautions.
INSTALLATION ··
Y-8-N ) in the correct phase sequence as shown above. The correct
1. Connect the 3phase supp IY ( R- . f th tra·iner
. necessary
phase sequence Is · ,,or proper operation
, . .. o e •
NOTE .
r-;J · • t known a phase sequence can be used to c ~. the proper
( If R- Y- B- N phase sequence IS . . oect..CRQ_ai_ttie socket provided on ttie panel, otherwise
s~~r:i_ce_,_f:'.or o~~_:_rv_atio~ ~!_v.ia~efor:se~l~~~~ro er phase connections. _3 -- - .
~ t h a t the CRO may be dam .fL ..~ F CONTROL SIGNAL FOR 3 PHASE FULLWAVE
08JECT-1 TO STUDY THE NATURE AND GENERATION - -- · · - - -- - - .. -- -
CONTROLLED RECTIFIER. .

THEORY d th logic behind the generation of triggering signal_for

This is the basic experiment required to st u y · e -··· ·· · -- - - -· ·· - -
lhYJistor control circuity.

OMEGA ELECTRONICS, JAIPUR-302 006 (INDIA) ]

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 The basic block diagram for the generator of control sIgna
• 11s• as shown In FIG;3

I
CARRIER RO FIRING CIRCUIT
FREQUENCY r---r_:_:_:_:_:,::,::-_::_:_:==~~=-.J

m'I
-
ZCD INVERTER

TP4

' PULSE RAMP

GENERATOR COMPARATOR
GENERATOR
Ye

FIG.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM

The various test points are avai~able<to study the nature and generation of thyristor control signal after
every stage.
The function of ~ei 9 ~Si1'1g_detector ( ZCD) is to convert the AC input waveform into square wave rn
order to synchroni£e the firing angle w.r.t.zer~ point.
Ramp generator is designed with the help of linear ramp signal which then will be compared with the
reference signal (Voltage) by the op amp comparator, if the ramp signal is greater than the reference signal the
comparator output will be at logic O else it will be at high level. In this way by varying the reference signal (Ve)
we can change the instant of firing pulses depends on the reference signal (Ve) ,
The output of comparator is ANDED with a high frequency signal for a reliable triggering of SCR's and
also reduces the gate power dissipation. The pulse amplifier also called as a driver stage. Provides a necessary
amplificati?n and isolation to the control circuitry from the power circuits.
PROCEDURE
1. Connect _the mains of CRO at the 3 pin socket provided on the panel name "UN-EARTHING, CRO
SOCKET'~
2. Observe the various signals the various test points provided on the front panel with CRO w.r.t GND
(TP2). It will be similar to Fig. 4.
I

BO = ~Signa_ l_
TP2 = GND
TP1 = ZCDOutput
,-;
TP3 = Inverter Output
TP4 = Pulse Generator
TPS = Ramp Generator
Ve = Triggering Angle Voltage (DC)..,

TP6 = Comparator Output

_TP7 = Monostable Output
Fe = Carrier Frequency Oscillator
GR(G) = Trigger Pulse for +ve Cycle.
GR"(G) = Trigger Pulse for -ve Cycle.
Also observe the output pulses after driver stage at GR(G) and GR"(G).
3. Observe the variation of ''Triggering angle controller pot'' provided on panel. From minimum to maximum on
the output pulses w.r.t. ZCD output.

OMEGA ELECTRONICS, JAIPUR-302 006 (INDIA) !

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 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 0

NO'Jl:
: ~fR observe the output firing pulse after .
5 gate and cathode. dnver stage (pulse amp/.

·
~· I L
B
,
oi.'""
Rst.

.
R
Yst

l,t_ '/,,.!.,
A .
B5 t

\,
I \ I . If \ 211 \
30° to- '_., ; \___ _,,.

ll
Rf\ . I
r I
(R)
llRB
B0 o, ·
I '- _.,.11 1 Wt
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-0'
t t ; ,;;-._;, :
TP1
ll RB,

R1 o ,
l

:,l \
•J/ '
,, - ,

\L
("Rt

\ ,
C ! ..
-
R t t· - =__. , . ,eR ,
-Rt ] ' - ., ,
' , -•

J'-----~;,--.. X~:.
1I I , I

TP3 R2 o '-·-•--f
TP4 R2 ton Rz=~R1<DRi=nR1Rz+R116._______
1'
n
..
:.,,
•

. I . /"1~ AR3
~itczr·
½ =tA!:-Jr.
wt

TPS
',----,-----
toq . r r V,---V-
wt
~6 R4 .
f;jt
\~P7. Rsfo' p p Cl h r
, , r S·Zms

c_
, I I : I ~1

1c. tJ1111;11 I!II, I111 III 111111 11 11111111 11 If 1111 1i1111111 •

(~~· u tmmi:
I I I I I <Jt

rmm :' Ill . R3+fR5•fc•R2

i
I
I wt

GR, fo I:_ _ _ _ _ _mnn

(~-)
imrrl
WWILJ.il.Lll.---_.u.WUUuw--/ ~t
FIG.4.

'--
2 STUDY ' THE OP~: .1?~.1. T/ON OF A 3 PHASE FULLWAVE CONTROLLED BRIDGE RECTIFIER
1TH R L ~ . ·- · ··' .,
URE ·
nect th e 3Phase supply at the connector provided with proper sequence.
nect the mains of CRC :·'. the pin socket provided o_ n the panel named UN - EARTHING CRO
3

e circuit as shown in Fig . 5.

~~_;:_ -=ll'"l!!JI' :'J]HMAiiiJ OMEGA ELECTRONICS, JAJPUR.J02 006 (JNDIA) I

 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS OMEGA TYPE PET -443 Page 7 /7

fA\ pUSH TO ON
\Y FOROUTP\IT

I •

i:
,. - ....
.. ............... .....................- · • ••••••·•·•••••·-·-·••••• Ve .............................................-••·•••••••j

FIG. 5. CONNECTION DIAGRAM

Put on the 3~ mains supply by switchng the 3~ mains Circuit Break\:ff (MCB) ON position and press push to on
momentarily. l
· 5. Connect the CRO using 1:10 attenuator probe across the lamp toad (R-Load) and observe the waveform.
6. Vary the triggering angle controller pot and observe its effect on the output voltage waveform.
7. Plot the _
output voltage waveform on graph paper for different firing angle. •
II
, IBJECT 3 TO STUDY THE OPERATION OFA 3 <PFULLWAVE CONTROLLED BRIDGE RECTIFIER WITH
R-L LOAD.

! ROCEDURE ·
... · _1. Connect the 3 supply at the connector provided with proper sequence.
2. Conriect the mains of CRO at the 3 pin socket provided on the panel named UN-EARTHING CRO
'---- ~ SOCKET ·
ri ( . 3. Connect the circu_it as shown in Fi~. 5. Now conne~t R L ~s a load. '1- -'--t _ '\ ~\"'.":' _ I I
I
. · 4. Put on the 3~ mains supply by sw1tchng the 3~ Mains CIrcuIt Breaker (MCB) 0~ pos1t1on and presi. push
: to on momentarily. •
1
-I 7 8(,c.c,{.,_ '"kl) :2... 1 J .....i
f 5. Connect the CRO using 1:1 O attenuator probe across -the R- L Load and observe the wa eform. -7 ,
6. .· V,ary the Triggering
./ . Angle Controller Pot and observe its effect on the output voltage waveform.
i
7. Plot the output voltage waveform on graph paper for different firing angle.
OBJECT 4 TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF FREE WHEELING DIODE ON THE OUTPUT WAVEFORM•
..; PROCEDURE . _.-,: ·
{ , 1; :Set up the unit as -r;:(e"xperiment 3 with R-L Load and observe the output waveform across RL load on CRO.
l
, '-2. Observe that due to the RL Joad there is a negative kink in the output.
·• 3. Now connect the free wheeling diode and observe that the negative kink is vanished.
4
REFERENCES . .
1. Power _Electronics LaboratoIy By O.P. ARORA
2. Power Electronics By P.C. SEN
3. Power Electronics By M.D. SINGH & K.B. KHANCHANDANI.
ACCESSORIES: Patch cords stackable 4mm spring loaded plug length½ metre Red-11 •
Patch cords stackable 4mm spring loaded plug length ½ metre Black-11 •
ENCLOSURES : NIL

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