Boilers Boilers

A closed vessel in which water, under pressure, is

transformed into steam by the application of heat.
✪ Open vessels, generating steam at atmospheric pressure
are not considered to be boiler
✪ In the furnace, the chemical energy in the fuel is converted
into heat and boiler transfer the heat to the water in the
most efficient manner

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Usage Function of a boiler

Power generation Used in steam turbines to develop electrical energy
Industrial processes Used to run steam engines
o Sugar mills In the textile industries, sugar mills or in chemical
o Chemical industries industries as a cogeneration plant
Heating Heating the buildings in cold weather
o Space heating Producing hot water for hot water supply
o Hot water supply

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 A simple boiler Classification: According to relative position of water
Firebox is to create the heat for boiling Fire tube boilers: The hot gases are inside the

Feedwater is for continuously supply the tubes and the water surrounds the tubes.

water Example: Cochran, Lancashire boiler, etc.

Drain is to release the wastewater

Dome is to store the steam
Safety valve is to release the high Water tube boilers: The water is inside
pressure whenever required the tubes and hot gases around them.
Chimney is for releasing smoke Example: Babcock and Wilcox Boiler.

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Comparison: Fire tube vs. Water tube boiler Classification: Method of firing/position of furnace
Externally Fired Boilers: The boiler is known as
externally fired boiler if the fire is outside the shell.
Example: Babcock and Wilcox Boiler.

Internally Fired Boilers: In the case of

internally fired boilers, the furnace is
located inside the boiler shell.

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 Classification: According to pressure Classification: According to water circulation
Natural circulation Boilers: The circulation of water in the
High Pressure Boiler: The boilers which produce steam at pressures of
boiler takes place due to the natural convection currents
80 bar and above are called high-pressure boilers. Example, Babcock produced by the application of heat.
Example: Lanarkshire, Babcock and Wilcox boiler.
and Wilcox, Lamont, Benson boilers.

Low-Pressure Boilers: The boilers which produce steam at a pressure

Forced Circulation Boilers: In forced
below 80 bar are called low-pressure boilers.
Circulation type of boilers, the circulation
of water is done by a forced pump.
Example: Lamont Boiler, Benson Boiler.
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Cochran Boiler Cochran Boiler

Photograph of Cochran
boiler

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 Advantages and disadvantages of Cochran Boiler Application of Cochran Boiler
Advantages Variety of process applications in industries
Low initial installation cost
It requires less floor area Chemical processing divisions
Easy to operate and handle Pulp and paper manufacturing plants
Transportation of Cochran boiler is easy
It can use all types of fuel Refining units
Disadvantages
Low rate of steam generation
Inspection and maintenance is difficult
High room head is required for its installation due to the vertical design
It has limited pressure range
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Locomotive Boiler Locomotive Boiler

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