 “Concept of State, State Variables and State Models”.

1. The transfer function for the state representation of the continuous time LTI system:
dq(t)/dt=Aq(t)+Bx(t)
Y(t)=Cq(t)+Dx(t)
is given by:
a) C(sI-A)-1B+D
b) B(sI-A)-1B+D
c) C(sI-A)-1B+A
d) D(sI-A)-1B+C

Answer: a
Explanation: Transfer function which is ratio of Laplace output to the Laplace input when the
initial conditions are zero and is calculated by using both the equations.

2. System transformation on function H(z) for a discrete time LTI system expressed in state
variable form with zero initial condition
a) C(zI-A)-1B+D
b) C(zI-A)-1
c) (zI-A)-1z
d) (zI-A)-1

Answer: a
Explanation: Transfer function which is ratio of Laplace output to the Laplace input when the
initial conditions are zero in discrete is same as continuous but in the z-domain.

3. State space analysis is applicable for non-linear systems and for multiple input and
output systems.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: State space analysis is the technique that used state variables and state
model for the analysis and is applicable for non-linear systems and for multiple input and
output systems.

4. Assertion (A): Transfer function approach has limitation that it reveals only the system
output for a input and provides no information regarding the internal state of the system.
Reason (R): There may be situations where the output of a system is stable and yet some
of the system elements may have a tendency to exceed their specified ratings.
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is False
d) A is False but R is True

Answer: a
Explanation: Transfer function approach has limitation over state variable analysis and for
that it reveals only the system output for a input and provides no information regarding the
internal state of the system.

5. When human being tries to approach an object, his brain acts as,
a) An error measuring device
b) A controller
c) An actuator
d) An amplifier

Answer: b
Explanation: Brain of human being acts as a controller in the human body system as human
body is the control system and when human tries to approach an object the brain of the
human acts as controller.

6. For two-phase AC servomotor, if the rotor’s resistance and reactance are respectively R
and X, its length and diameter are respectively L and D then,
a) X/R and L/D are both small
b) X/R is large but L/D is small
c) X/R is small but L/D is large
d) X/R and L/D are both large

Answer: c
Explanation: Small X/R gives linear speed torque characteristic. Large L/D gives less inertia
and good acceleration characteristic.

7. Consider the following statements relating to synchro’s:

1. The rotor of the control transformer is either disc shaped
2. The rotor of the transmitter is so constructed as to have a low magnetic reluctance
3. Transmitter and control transformer pair is used as an error detector
Which of these statements are correct?
a) 1,2 and3
b) 1 and 2
c) 2 and3
d) 1 and 3

Answer: c
Explanation: Rotor of control transformer is rotatory part of the transformer and is made
cylindrical in shape so that air gap is practically uniform.

8. Error detector:
a) Armature controlled FHP DC motor
b) A pair of synchronous transmitter and control transformer
c) Tach generator
d) Amplidyne

Answer: a
Explanation: Error detector is the part in the armature controlled FHP DC motor where error
detector is the first element that compares the final output with desired output and gives the
accurate results.
9. Servomotor:
a) Armature controlled FHP DC motor
b) A pair of synchronous transmitter and control transformer
c) Tach generator
d) Amplidyne

Answer: b
Explanation: Servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise control
of angular or linear position, velocity and acceleration a pair of synchronous transmitter and
control transformer.

10. Amplifier:
a) Armature controlled FHP DC motor
b) A pair of synchronous transmitter and control transformer
c) Tach generator
d) Amplidyne

Answer: d
Explanation: Amplifier is an amplidyne which is an amplidyne is an electromechanical
amplifier invented during World War II by Ernst Alexanderson. It consists of an electric
motor driving a DC generator.

 “Diagonalization”.
1. State models presented employed:
a) Physical variables
b) Phase variables
c) Canonical variables
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: State models are used in the state model analysis and is employed in all the
variables as physical, phase and canonical phase analysis.

2. State model is generally not suitable for measuring:

a) Investigation of system properties
b) Evaluation of time response
c) Real variables
d) Both a and b

Answer: d
Explanation: State models are used in the state model analysis and is employed in all the
variables as physical, phase and canonical phase analysis and is generally not suitable for
investigation of system properties and evaluation of time response.

3. ______________ are the techniques for converting general state models into canonical
one.
a) Observable
b) Controllable
c) Diagoanlization
d) Cannonical

Answer: c
Explanation: Diagonalization is the form in which the roots are in the daigonal of the matrix
and are the techniques for converting general state models into canonical one.

4. The values of the characteristic equation is given by:

a) Eigen values
b) State matrix
c) Eigen vector
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: Eigen values are the values that are obtained by solving the characteristic
equation these are the roots of the characteristic equation.

5. The matrix constructed by placing the Eigen vectors together is diagonalizing matrix.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: Eigen values are the values that are obtained by solving the characteristic
equation these are the roots of the characteristic equation and the matrix constructed by
placing the Eigen vectors together is diagonalizing matrix.

6. The diagonalizing matrix is also known as:

a) Eigen matrix
b) Modal matrix
c) Constant matrix
d) State matrix

Answer: b
Explanation: The modal matrix is the matrix formed formed by placing the eigen values that
is the roots of the characteristic equation and this is also known as the diagonalizing matrix.

7. In an open loop control system

a) Output is independent of control input
b) Output is dependent on control input
c) Only system parameters have effect on the control output
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: In an open loop control system the system in which there is no feedback
present and in which the output is independent of control input.

8. Which of the following is exhibited by Root locus diagrams?

a) The poles of the transfer function for a set of parameter values
b) The bandwidth of the system
c) The response of a system to a step input
d) The frequency response of a system

Answer: a
Explanation: Root locus diagram is the diagram that is constructed in which the locus is
traced with the gain with increasing frequency has the poles of the transfer function for a set
of parameter values.

9. The first order control system, which is well designed, has a

a) Small bandwidth
b) Negative time constant
c) Large negative transfer function pole
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: The first order control system is the control system which has atleast the one
pole at the origin or at max one pole, which is well designed has a large negative transfer
function pole.

10. A.C. servomotor is basically a

a) Universal motor
b) Single phase induction motor
c) Two phase induction motor
d) Three phase induction motor

Answer: c
Explanation: A.C. servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise
control of angular or linear position, velocity and acceleration is basically a two phase
induction motor

 “Solution of State Equations”.

1. Which of the following is an electromechanical device ?
a) Induction relay
b) Thermocouple
c) LVDT
d) Any of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: LVDT is linear variable differential transformer which is an inductive transducer
and converts the displacement of the core to the electrical energy and also is
electromechanical device.

2. A differentiator is usually not a part of a control system because it

a) Reduces damping
b) Reduces the gain margin
c) Increases input noise
d) Increases error

Answer: c
Explanation: A differentiator is the phase lead compensator which increases the speed of
response and bandwidth and manages the transient response of the system.

3. If the gain of the critical damped system is increased it will behave as

a) Oscillatory
b) Critically damped
c) Overdamped
d) Underdamped

Answer: d
Explanation: Gain of the critical system is inversely proportional to the root of the damping
factor and hence on increasing the gain the damping reduces and system becomes the
underdamped.

4. In a control system integral error compensation _______ steady state error

a) Increases
b) Minimizes
c) Does not have any effect on
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: Integral error compensation is the phase lag compensation and reduces the
steady state error and eliminates the error.

5. With feedback _____ reduces.

a) System stability
b) System gain
c) System stability and gain
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: Feedback reduces the gain as it causes the stability to the closed loop system
and for the good control system the stability of the system should be high and also the
speed of response.

6. An amplidyne can give which of the following characteristics?

a) Constant current
b) Constant voltage
c) Constant current as well as constant voltage
d) Constant current, constant voltage and constant power

Answer: d
Explanation: An amplidyne has constant current, voltage and power.

7. Which of the following can be measured by LVDT?

a) Displacement
b) Velocity
c) Acceleration
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: LVDT can measure displacement, velocity and acceleration which is a linear
variable differential transformer and inductive transducer.

8. ____________directly converts temperature into voltage.

a) Thermocouple
b) Potentiometer
c) Gear train
d) LVDT

Answer: a
Explanation: Thermocouple is a device that converts the change in the temperature into
voltage in which the change in temperature of the different metals results in change in
voltage.

9. The transfer function technique is considered as inadequate under which of the following
conditions?
a) Systems having complexities and non-linearity’s
b) Systems having stability problems
c) Systems having multiple input disturbances
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: Transfer function is the ratio of laplace output to the laplace input with the zero
initial conditions and is considered inadequate due to complexity, stability problems and
multiple input disturbances.

10. Which of the following is the output of a thermocouple?

a) Alternating current
b) Direct current
c) A.C. voltage
d) D.C. voltage

Answer: d
Explanation: Thermocouple is the device that is used to convert the change in temperature
gives output in DC form.

 “Controllability and Observability”.

1. A system is said to be_____________ if it is possible to transfer the system state from
any initial state to any desired state in finite interval of time.
a) Controllable
b) Observable
c) Cannot be determined
d) Controllable and observable

Answer: a
Explanation: By definition a system is said to be controllable, if it is possible to transfer the
system state from any initial state to any desired state in finite interval of time.

2. A system is said to be_________________ if every state can be completely identified by

measurements of the outputs at the finite time interval.
a) Controllable
b) Observable
c) Cannot be determined
d) Controllable and observable

Answer: b
Explanation: By definition, a system is said to be observable, if every state can be
completely identified by measurements of the outputs at the finite time interval.

3. Kalman’s test is for :

a) Observability
b) Controllability
c) Optimality
d) Observability and controllability

Answer: d
Explanation: Kalman’s test is the test that is done for the controllability and observability by
solving the matrix by kalman’s matrix individually for both tests.

4. Consider a system if represented by state space equation and x1 (t) =x2 (t), then the
system is:
a) Controllable
b) Uncontrollable
c) Observable
d) Unstable

Answer: b
Explanation: After calculating the matrix which for controllable system and finding the
determinant and should not be zero but in this case comes to be zero.

5. For the system  , which of the following statements is true?

a) The system is controllable but unstable
b) The system is uncontrollable and unstable
c) The system is controllable and stable
d) The system is uncontrollable and stable

Answer: By Kalman’s stability test the system is uncontrollable and root of the characteristic
equation lies on the right side of the s-plane.
6. A transfer function of the system does not have pole-zero cancellation? Which of the
following statements is true?
a) System is neither controllable nor observable
b) System is completely controllable and observable
c) System is observable but uncontrollable
d) System is controllable and unobservable

Answer: b
Explanation: If the transfer function of the system does not have pole-zero cancellation then
it is completely controllable and observable.

7. Complex conjugate pair:

a) Center
b) Focus point
c) Saddle point
d) Stable node

Answer: b
Explanation: Complex conjugate pair is the complex pair of the roots of the equation and
has a focus point.

8. Pure imaginary pair:

a) Centre
b) Focus point
c) Saddle point
d) Stable node

Answer: a
Explanation: Pure imaginary pair is the nature of the root of the equation that has no real
part only has the nature of center for linearized autonomous second order system.

9. Real and equal but with opposite sign.

a) Center
b) Focus point
c) Saddle point
d) Stable node

Answer: c
Explanation: Saddle point are real and equal with opposite sign and these points are called
the saddle point as the points are different with real and equal with opposite sign.

10. Real distinct and negative.

a) Center
b) Focus point
c) Saddle point
d) Stable node
Answer: d
Explanation: Stable node is real distinct and negative and this node is stable as the points
or roots are real and neative lying on the left side of the plane

 “Common Physical Nonlinearities”.

1. The term backlash is associated with:
a) Servomotors
b) Induction relays
c) Gear trains
d) Tacho generator.

Answer: c
Explanation: The term backlash is associated with Gear trains.

2. With feedback _____ increases.

a) System stability
b) Sensitivity
c) Gain
d) Effects of disturbing signals

Answer: a
Explanation: Feedback can increase system stability as well as can reduce the stability of
the stable system.

3. By which of the following the system response can be tested better?

a) Ramp input signal
b) Sinusoidal input signal
c) Unit impulse input signal
d) Exponentially decaying signal

Answer: c
Explanation: System response can be best treated with the impulse response as when the
input is impulse input then the output is itself the response of the transfer function.

4. In a system zero initial condition means that :

a) The system is at rest and no energy is stored in any of its components
b) The system is working with zero stored energy
c) The system is working with zero reference signal
d) Laplace transform is not possible

Answer: a
Explanation: In system zero initial condition means the system is at rest and no energy is
stored in the system previously.
5. In a system low friction co-efficient facilitates:
a) Reduced velocity lag error
b) Increased velocity lag error
c) Increased speed of response
d) Reduced time constant of the system

Answer: a
Explanation: In a system low friction facilitates reduced velocity error as the friction error is
equal to the velocity error.

6. Hydraulic torque transmission system is analog of :

a) Amplidyne set
b) Resistance-capacitance parallel circuit
c) Motor-generator set
d) Any of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: Hydraulic torque transmission system is analog of Motor-generator set.

7. Spring constant in force-voltage analogy is analogous to?

a) Capacitance
b) Reciprocal of capacitance
c) Current
d) Resistance

Answer: b
Explanation: Spring constant in force-voltage analogy is analogous to reciprocal of the
resistance which is also series analogy.

8. The frequency and time domain are related through which of the following?
a) Laplace Transform and Fourier Integral
b) Laplace Transform
c) Fourier Integral
d) Either b or c

Answer: a
Explanation: The frequency and time domain mainly continuous time domain are related by
the Laplace and Fourier transform and discrete time and frequency are related by the
discrete time Fourier transform and z transform.

9. An increase in gain, in most systems, leads to:

a) Smaller damping ratio
b) Larger damping ratio
c) Constant damping ratio
d) Zero damping ratio

Answer: a
Explanation: Damping factor is inversely proportional to the gain and if the gain increases
the damping factor and hence the value reduces.
10. Static error co-efficient are used as a measure of the effectiveness of closed loop
systems for specified ________ input signal.
a) Acceleration
b) Velocity
c) Position
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: Static error coefficients are used as a measure of the effectiveness of closed
loop system for specified acceleration, velocity and position of input signal.

 “Stability of Nonlinear System”.

1. Stability of a system implies that :
a) Small changes in the system input does not result in large change in system output
b) Small changes in the system parameters does not result in large change in system
output
c) Small changes in the initial conditions does not result in large change in system output
d) Small changes in the initial conditions result in large change in system output

Answer: a
Explanation: Stability of the system implies that small changes in the system input, initial
conditions, and system parameters does not result in large change in system output.

2. A linear time invariant system is stable if :

a) System in excited by the bounded input, the output is also bounded
b) In the absence of input output tends zero
c) Both a and b
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: A system is stable only if it is BIBO stable and asymptotic stable.

3. Asymptotic stability is concerned with :

a) A system under influence of input
b) A system not under influence of input
c) A system under influence of output
d) A system not under influence of output

Answer: b
Explanation: Asymptotic stability concerns a free system relative to its transient behavior.

4. Bounded input and Bounded output stability notion concerns with :

a) A system under influence of input
b) A system not under influence of input
c) A system under influence of output
d) A system not under influence of output
Answer: a
Explanation: BIBO stability concerns with the system that has input present.

5. If a system is given unbounded input then the system is:

a) Stable
b) Unstable
c) Not defined
d) Linear

Answer: c
Explanation: If the system is given with the unbounded input then nothing can be clarified
for the stability of the system.

6. Linear mathematical model applies to :

a) Linear systems
b) Stable systems
c) Unstable systems
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: As the output exceeds certain magnitude then the linear mathematical model
no longer applies.

7. For non-linear systems stability cannot be determined due to:

a) Possible existence of multiple equilibrium states
b) No correspondence between bounded input and bounded output stability and asymptotic
stability
c) Output may be bounded for the particular bounded input but may not be bounded for the
bounded inputs
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: For non-linear systems stability cannot be determined as asymptotic stability
and BIBO stability concepts cannot be applied, existence of multiple states and unbounded
output for many bounded inputs.

8. If the impulse response in absolutely integrable then the system is :

a) Absolutely stable
b) Unstable
c) Linear
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: The impulse response must be absolutely integrable for the system to
absolutely stable.

9. The roots of the transfer function do not have any effect on the stability of the system.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The roots of transfer function also determine the stability of system as they
may be real, complex and may have multiplicity of various order.

10. Roots with higher multiplicity on the imaginary axis makes the system :
a) Absolutely stable
b) Unstable
c) Linear
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: Repetitive roots on the imaginary axis makes the system unstable.

 “Stability of NonLinear System-II”.

1. In a control system integral error compensation _______steady state error
a) Increases
b) Minimizes
c) Does not have any effect on steady state error
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: Integral compensation is the phase lag compensation as it reduces or
minimizes the steady state error by not affecting the damping factor but reducing the natural
frequency.

2. With feedback _____ reduces.

a) System stability
b) System gain
c) System stability and gain
d) Damping

Answer: b
Explanation: With feedback damping increases and system gain reduces as they are
inversely proportional to each other and for the good control system the speed of response
must be high with low gain and oscillations.

3. An amplidyne can give which of the following characteristics?

a) Constant current
b) Constant voltage
c) Constant current as well as constant voltage
d) Constant current, constant voltage and constant power

Answer: d
Explanation: An amplidyne is the device so constructed so as can give constant current,
voltage and power and it is the important device as single device can achieve all these
features.
4. Which of the following cannot be measured by LVDT?
a) Displacement
b) Velocity
c) Acceleration
d) Pressure

Answer: d
Explanation: LVDT is the linear variable differential transformer and it is an inductive
transformer and can measure displacement, velocity and acceleration but pressure cannot
be measured by using LVDT.

5. __________directly converts temperature into voltage.

a) Thermocouple
b) Potentiometer
c) Gear train
d) LVDT

Answer: a
Explanation: Among all the instruments Thermocouple is the instrument that has two
different metals with different temperatures and the difference in temperature is converted
into the potential difference.

6. The transfer function technique is considered as inadequate under which of the following
conditions?
a) Systems having complexities and nonlinearities
b) Systems having stability problems
c) Systems having multiple input disturbances
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: State variable analysis is used as Transfer function approach cannot be
practically used in the systems having complexities, nonlinearities, stability problems and
multiple input.

7. Which of the following is the output of a thermocouple?

a) Alternating current
b) Direct current
c) A.C. voltage
d) D.C. voltage

Answer: d
Explanation: Thermocouple is the instrument that has two different metals with different
temperatures and the difference in temperature is converted into the potential difference
and gives output in D.C. Voltage.

8. A.C. servomotor is basically a

a) Universal motor
b) Single phase induction motor
c) Two phase induction motor
d) Three phase induction motor

Answer: c
Explanation: A.C. Servomotor is the servomotor in which the input is mainly the alternating
current and is basically two phase induction motor.

9. The first order control system, which is well designed, has a

a) Small bandwidth
b) Negative time constant
c) Large negative transfer function pole
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: The first order control system which is the system with maximum one root
which can be at origin and has well designed large negative transfer function pole.

10. Which of the following is exhibited by Root locus diagrams?

a) The poles of the transfer function for a set of parameter values
b) The bandwidth of the system
c) The response of a system to a step input
d) The frequency response of a system

Answer: a
Explanation: Root locus diagrams is constructed by the locus traced by the gain of the
system with the varying frequency and have the poles of the transfer function for a set of
parameter values.

 “Construction of Phase-trajectories”.
1. Electrical time-constant of an armature-controlled dc servomotor is :
a) Equal to mechanical time-constant
b) Smaller than mechanical time-constant
c) Larger than mechanical time-constant
d) Not related to mechanical time-constant

Answer: b
Explanation: Electrical time constant is smaller than the mechanical time constant and
hence the delay in the mechanical systems is more than the electrical systems.

2. The open-loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is K/(s ^2 (s+5))The system is
unstable for
a) K>5
b) K<5
c) K>0
d) All of the mentioned
Answer: d
Explanation: The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is used to calculate
the conditional stability by using the Routh Hurwitz criteria or the Root locus technique.

3. Peak overshoot of step-input response of an underdamped second-order system is

explicitly indicative of
a) Settling time
b) Rise time
c) Natural frequency
d) Damping ratio

Answer: d
Explanation: Peak overshoot refers to the damping of the system as if the damping id less
than the peak will be more.

4. A unity feedback system with open-loop transfer function G (s) = 4/[s(s+p)] is critically
damped. The value of the parameter p is
a) 4
b) 3
c) 2
d) 1

Answer: a
Explanation: The value of the p can be calculated by comparing the equation with the
standard characteristic equation.

5. Polar plot of G (jw) = 1/jw(jw+t) is

a) Crosses the negative real axis
b) Crosses the negative imaginary axis
c) Crosses the positive imaginary axis
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: Polar plot can be made of the following function by following appropriate steps
and thus the plot neither crosses the real axis nor imaginary axis.

6. In optimum time switching curve the system takes :

a) Minimum time in reaching desired location
b) Maximum time in reaching desired location
c) Never reaches
d) No desired location is present

Answer: a
Explanation: If switching is made to occur the crossing of the starting trajectory with the
thick line trajectory the system follows the trajectory and reaches the desired output at the
minimum time.

7. System with logic switching are :

a) Hang on
b) Bang on
c) Bang-bang
d) Hang out

Answer: c
Explanation: Suitable logic circuitry has to be added to the controller structure for the kind of
the switching and such systems are known as the bang-bang control system.

8. Zeroes are defined as:

a) Roots of the denominator of the closed loop transfer function
b) Roots of the numerator of the closed loop transfer function
c) Both of the mentioned
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: Zeroes are defined as the roots of the numerator of the closed loop system.

9. As zero moves sufficiently left from the origin the effect of zero becomes less
pronounced.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: The effect of zero on transient response will be negligible if the zero moves left
from the origin due to dominant pole mechanism.

10. Assertion (A): The zeroes on the real axis near the origin are generally avoided in
design.
Reason (R): In a sluggish system introduction of zeroes can improve the transient response
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true

Answer: b
Explanation: The zeroes on the real axis near the origin are generally avoided in design as
they cause system instability.

 “Constructing Phase-trajectories”.
1. In liquid level and electrical system analogy, voltage is considered analogous to :
a) Head
b) Liquid flow
c) Liquid flow rate
d) Air flow rate

2. The viscous friction co-efficient, in force-voltage analogy, is analogous to:

a) Charge
b) Resistance
c) Reciprocal of inductance
d) Reciprocal of conductance

Answer: b
Explanation: The viscous friction co-efficient in force-voltage analogy, is analogous to
resistance of the electrical circuit that can be found out mathematically.

3. In force-voltage analogy, velocity is analogous to:

a) Current
b) Charge
c) Inductance
d) Capacitance

Answer: a
Explanation: In force-voltage analogy, velocity is analogous to the current in force-voltage
that is also called series circuit.

4. In thermal-electrical analogy charge is considered analogous to:

a) Heat flow
b) Reciprocal of heat flow
c) Reciprocal of temperature
d) Temperature

Answer: d
Explanation: In thermal-electrical analogy in which heat transfer in the wire or conductor can
be related to the temperature.

5. Mass, in force-voltage analogy, is analogous to:

a) Charge
b) Current
c) Inductance
d) Resistance

Answer: c
Explanation: Mass, is analogous to the inductance in the force-voltage analogy in the series
form as all the elements of the circuit are connected in the parallel.

6. The transient response of a system is mainly due to:

a) Inertia forces
b) Internal forces
c) Stored energy
d) Friction

Answer: c
Explanation: The transient response of the system is mainly due to stored energy as it is
due to the initial conditions which is nothing but the stored energy.

7. ___________ signal will become zero when the feedback signal and reference signs are
equal.
a) Input
b) Actuating
c) Feedback
d) Reference

Answer: b
Explanation: Actuating signal is the difference between the feedback signal and the
reference signal and when both of the signals are equal then the signal is zero.

8. A signal other than the reference input that tends to affect the value of controlled variable
is known as
a) Disturbance
b) Command
c) Control element
d) Reference input

Answer: a
Explanation: Disturbance signal is also the reference signal only there can be multiple
inputs in a control system or the other input is called the disturbance signal.

9. The transfer function is applicable to which of the following?

a) Linear and time-in variant systems
b) Linear and time-variant systems
c) Linear systems
d) Non-linear systems

Answer: a
Explanation: The transfer function is different from the state space approach as the transfer
function approach is similar to the LTI systems only while the state variable analysis is
applicable to the non-linear time variant systems also.

10. From which of the following transfer function can be obtained?

a) Signal flow graph
b) Analogous table
c) Output-input ratio
d) Standard block system

Answer: a
Explanation: The transfer function can be obtained by using signal flow graphs from among
these given methods

 “Stability Analysis of the Describing Functions”.

1. The characteristic equation of a feedback control system is given bys 3+5s2+(K+6)s+K=0.
In the root loci diagram, the asymptotes of the root loci for large K meet at a point in the s
plane whose coordinates are:
a) (2,0)
b) (-1,0)
c) (-2,0)
d) (-3,0)

Answer: c
Explanation: The point is calculated by using Routh Hurwitz table and then equating the
S0 term equal to zero.

2. The root locus diagram has loop transfer function G(s)H(s) = K/ s(s+4)(s 2+4s+5) has
a) No breakaway points
b) Three real breakaway points
c) Only one breakaway points
d) One real and two complex breakaway points

Answer: b
Explanation: The breakaway points are the points where the root locus branches break and
it is not necessary that this point must lie on the root locus calculated by differentiating the
value of K with respect to s and equating it with zero.

3. For asymptotes passing from breakaway point then this point is also centroid
a) True
b) False

Answer: True
Explanation: Asymptotes are the lines of infinite length and these are tangents to the root
locus that meet at infinity and for these, passing from breakaway point then this point is also
centroid.

4. Transportation lag is seen in systems:

a) Amount to be transferred in large
b) Time take to transfer is large
c) Inefficiency of the process
d) Errors

Answer: b
Explanation: Transportation lag is the delay that is seen in the systems where the output is
not following the input and is seen in systems where the time taken to transfer is very large.

5. Mediums responsible for transportation lag are:

a) Lines
b) Pipes
c) Belt conveyors
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: Transportation lag is the delay that is seen in the systems where the output is
not following the input and is mainly seen in the practical mediums where the time of
transfer is very large.

6. Linear lumped parameter models are not valid under situations as:
a) Transmission pipe between the hydraulic pump and the motor causes a time lag in
transportation of oil from pump to motor
b) Transmission of heat by conduction or convection produces serious transportation lag
c) Transmission pipe causes the time lag and loss of heat by conduction and convection
d) Transmission of pipe causes neither any time lag nor any heat loss

Answer: c
Explanation: Linear lumped parameter models are the models that simplifies the description
of the behaviour of spatially distributed physical systems into a topology consisting of
discrete systems and not valid when the pure time lags are negligible compared to other
lags in the system.

7. Practically all the systems have transportation lag :

a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: Not all systems have transportation lag but whose transmission time is more.

8. Transportation lag causes :

a) Instability in system
b) Stability in system
c) System remains unaffected
d) Bandwidth increases

Answer: a
Explanation: Transportation lag is the delay that is seen in the systems where the output is
not following the input and causes instability in the system.

9. The polar plot of a transfer function passes through the critical point (-1,0).Gain margin is
a) zero
b) -1dB
c) 1dB
d) Infinity

Answer: a
Explanation: Gain margin is the point where the at phase cross over frequency gain of the
system i 1 dB and of a polar plot passing through the critical point is zero.

10. Consider the following statements:

1. The effect of feedback is to reduce the system error
2. Feedback increases the gain of the system in one frequency range but decreases in
another.
3. Feedback can cause a system that is originally stable to become unstable
Which of these statements are correct.
a) 1,2 and 3
b) 1 and 2
c) 2 and 3
d) 1 and 3
Answer: c
Explanation: Feedback can be of two types as positive and negative and cause the increase
in gain and also can cause stable system to become unstable.

 “Liapunov’s Stability Criterion – I”.

1. If the system is asymptotically stable irrespective that how close or far it is from the origin
then the system is:
a) Asymptotically stable
b) Asymptotically stable in the large
c) Stable
d) Unstable

Answer: b
Explanation: For the good control system system must be stable and if the system is
asymptotically stable irrespective that how close or far it is from the origin then the system is
asymptotically stable in large.

2. A system is said to be locally stable if:

a) The region S (e) is small
b) There exist a real number >0 such that || x (t0) || <=r
c) Every initial state x (t0) results in x (t) tends to zero as t tends to infinity
d) They are unstable

Answer: a
Explanation: By the definition of Liapunov’s stability criteria a system is locally stable if the
region of system is very small.

3. The system is asymptotically stable at the origin if :

a) It is stable
b) There exist a real number >0 such that || x (t0) || <=r
c) Every initial state x (t0) results in x (t) tends to zero as t tends to infinity
d) It is unstable

Answer: d
Explanation: By the definition of Liapunov’s stability criteria the system is asymptotically
stable at the origin if there exist a real number >0 such that || x (t0) || <=r and every initial
state x (t0) results in x (t) tends to zero as t tends to infinity .

4. The system is asymptotically stable in the large at the origin if :

a) It is stable
b) There exist a real number >0 such that || x (t0) || <=r
c) Every initial state x (t0) results in x (t) tends to zero as t tends to infinity
d) Both a and c

Answer: d
Explanation: By the definition of Liapunov’s stability criteria the system is asymptotically
stable in the large at the origin if there exist a real number >0 such that || x (t0) || <=r and
every initial state x (t0) results in x (t) tends to zero as t tends to infinity.

5. The stability of non-linear systems:

a) Disturbed steady state coming back to its equilibrium state
b) Non-linear systems to be in closed trajectory
c) In limit cycles that is oscillations of the systems
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: For the stability of non-linear systems as they differ from the linear systems as
they have disturbed state coming back to its equilibrium and in closed trajectory and in limit
cycles that is oscillations in the system.

6. The direct method of Liapunov is :

a) Concept of energy
b) Relation of stored energy
c) Using the equation of the autonomous systems
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: Liapunov has two methods as direct and indirect and the direct method of
Liapunov is using concept of energy, relation of stored energy and using the equation of the
autonomous systems.

7. The results for the energy :

a) Energy of the system is non-negative
b) Energy of the system decreases as t increases
c) Energy is non-negative and decreases as t increases
d) Energy is negative

Answer: c
Explanation: Energy is defined as the work done or force which produces certain
displacement and the results for the energy are that energy of the system in non-negative
and it decreases as t increases.

8. The visual analogy of the Liapunov energy description is:

a) Ellipse
b) Circle
c) Square
d) Rectangle

Answer: a
Explanation: For the results of the Liapunov energy the loci is traced by the Liapunov
energy description and is a ellipse.

9. The idea that the non-negative scalar functions of a system state can also answer the
question of stability was given in Liapunov function:
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: The stability of the liapunov function can be determined with the help of the
scalar functions of a system state.

10. The method of investigating the stability using Liapunov function as the
________________
a) Direct method
b) Indirect method
c) Not determined
d) Always unstable

Answer: a
Explanation: Liapunov’s stability is the major factor of the autonomous functions and it can
be determined with the help of the direct method

 “Liapunov’s Stability Criterion – II”.

1. The systems with equation such as dx/dt =F (x) are called:
a) Stable systems
b) Control systems
c) Autonomous systems
d) Unstable control system

Answer: c
Explanation: Autonomous systems are represented by the differential equations as stated
above and these systems are tested by liapunov’s stability criteria.

2. The points at which derivatives of all the state variables are zero are:
a) Singular points
b) Nonsingular points
c) Poles
d) Zeros

Answer: a
Explanation: Singular points are the points that are calculated by equating the denominator
equal to zero and at which the derivatives of all the state variables are zero.

3. The system if kept in the singular points will continue to lie on these points undisturbed.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: The derivative of all the phase variables being zero, the system shall remain
unchanged and the system if lying on these points will continue to lie on these points
undisturbed.
4. A system is stable with zero input if:
a) The resulting trajectory tends towards the equilibrium state.
b) If for the bounded input output is also bounded
c) It is a free system
d) It is forced system

Answer: a
Explanation: A system with zero input is the system in which the input is zero and initial
states are taken as the input and a free system but it is stable only if the resulting trajectory
tends toward the equilibrium state.

5. A Forced system is stable if:

a) The resulting trajectory tends towards the equilibrium state.
b) If for the bounded input output is also bounded
c) It is a free system
d) It is forced system

Answer: b
Explanation: For forced system input is given externally and response has two terms due to
the initial states and input given and it is stable if output is bounded for bounded input.

6. In non-linear systems forced and free responses are:

a) Related
b) Not related
c) Contemporary
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: Forced response is due to the external input and free response is due to the
initial state and total response is sum of both the responses and in non-linear systems both
are related.

7. The linear autonomous systems:

a) Have one equilibrium state
b) Their behavior determines the qualitative behavior of the s-plane
c) System behavior for small deviations about the equilibrium point may be different from
the large deviation
d) Both a and b

Answer: d
Explanation: The linear autonomous systems having the differential terms with the linear
relationship and have one equilibrium state and their behavior determines the qualitative
behavior of the s-plane.

8. The non-linear system

a) Have one equilibrium state
b) Their behavior determines the qualitative behavior of the s-plane
c) System behavior for small deviations about the equilibrium point may be different from
the large deviation
d) Both a and b

Answer: c
Explanation: For the non-linear system where the input parameters or external input is
having non-linear relationship with the output and behavior for small deviations about the
equilibrium point may be different from the large deviation.

9. The system is stable at origin if for every initial state which is sufficiently close to the
origin remains near the origin for all t then the system is :
a) Asymptotically stable
b) Asymptotically stable in the large
c) Stable
d) Unstable

Answer: c
Explanation: By definition, the system is stable at origin if for every initial state which is
sufficiently close to the origin remains near the origin for all t then the system is stable.

10. If x (t) approaches near the origin as t tends to infinity then the system is :
a) Asymptotically stable
b) Asymptotically stable in the large
c) Stable
d) Unstable

Answer: a
Explanation: By definition, if x (t) approaches near the origin as t tend to the infinity then the
system is asymptotically stable

 “The Direct Method and Constructing of Liapunov for

the Linear and Non-Linear System”.
1. If the Liapunov’s function cannot be found then the system is:
a) Stable
b) Unstable
c) Conditionally stable
d) Marginally stable

Answer: b
Explanation: It is very difficult to find the Liapunov’s function and several techniques are
devised for the same and if the Liapunov’s function is not available then the system is
unstable.

2. Liapunov’s stability analysis is for the :

a) LTI system
b) Time variant system
c) Non-linear system
d) Linear system
Answer: c
Explanation: Liapunov’s stability criterion is for the non-linear system.

3. The system is unstable for:

a) W (x)>0; x not equal to zero
b) W (0) =0
c) W (x) has continuous partial derivative with respect to all components of x
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: d
Explanation: It requires much ingenuity of devise a suitable W function to devise a Liapunov
function V. In stability analysis of nonlinear systems, it is valuable to establish conditions for
which the system is unstable.

4. Liapunov’s stability for non-linear system is same as the Routh Hurwitz criteria for the
linear system.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: Liapunov stability is similar in function as the Routh Hurwitz criteria and
Silvester’s theorem can be used to prove it.

5. Conditions of ___________ are necessary and sufficient condition for the asymptotic
stability of the system.
a) Linear system
b) Krasovskii’s method
c) positive definiteness
d) Variable gradient method

Answer: c
Explanation: For the system to be asymptotic stable which is desired for the Liapunov
stability positive definiteness of the system must be fulfilled.

6. It is difficult to form Liapunov’s function for:

a) Linear system
b) Non-linear
c) Time variant systems
d) Time –invariant systems

Answer: b
Explanation: For non-linear system it is difficult to form the Liapunov’s function
And we use various method to do this.

7. If the V is positive definite, for the system to be asymptotically stable, Q should be

negative definite.
a) Krasovskii’s method
b) Variable gradient method
c) Constant method
d) Non-variable gradient method

Answer: a
Explanation: If the V is positive definite, for the system to be asymptotically stable, Q should
be negative definite. For Krasovskii’s method and in addition V should tend to infinity and
the system is asymptotically stable in-the large.

8. The method which provides considerable flexibility in finding the Liapunov’s function is:
a) Krasovskii’s method
b) Variable gradient method
c) Constant method
d) Non-variable gradient method

Answer: b
Explanation: Variable gradient method provides considerable flexibility in finding the
Liapunov’s function as the quadratic form approach is too restrictive.

9. Liapunov stability analysis is different from the classical theories approach of stability.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: Liapunov’s stability theorem is applied for the non-linear systems but other
stability theorems are applied for the linear systems.

10. For non-linear systems the equation for damping factor as in linear system is
called__________
a) Krasovskii’s equation
b) Vander Pol’s equation
c) Constant method
d) Non-variable gradient equation

Answer: b
Explanation: For non-linear systems the equation for damping factor as in linear system is
called Vander pol’s equation which depends upon x and damping factor has large positive
values for this.

“State Models for Linear Continuous-Time Systems”.

1. Consider the following servomotors:
1. AC-two phase servomotor
2. DC servomotor
3. Hydraulic servomotor
4. Pneumatic servomotor
The correct sequence of these servomotor in increasing order of power handling capacity is:
a) 2,4,3,1
b) 4,2,3,1
c) 2,4,1,3
d) 4,2,1,3

Answer: c
Explanation: Power handling capacity is the capacity of the system where the system can
handle very high power and among the given is maximum DC servomotor.

2. Open loop transfer function of a system having one zero with a positive real value is
called.
a) Zero phase function
b) Negative phase function
c) Positive phase function
d) Non-minimum phase function

Answer: d
Explanation: Non-minimum phase system has zero lying on the right half but not pole and
combination of the all pass and minimum phase system can be non-minimum phase
system.

3. Assertion (A): The stator winding of a control transformer has higher impedance per
phase
Reason (R): The rotor of control transformer is cylindrical in shape.
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true and R is not correct Explanation of A
c) A is True and R is false
d) A is False and R is true

Answer: b
Explanation: The control transformer has two parts as stator which is stationary having
higher impedance and rotor which was rotatory was cylindrical in shape.

4. Assertion (A): In a shunt regulator, the control element is connected in shunt with the load
to achieve constant output voltage.
Reason (R): The impedance of the control element varies to keep the total current flowing
through the load and the control element constant.
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true and R is not correct Explanation of A
c) A is True and R is false
d) A is False and R is true

Answer: c
Explanation: Shunt regulator refers to the winding connected in shunt or parallel and to
achieve constant output voltage.

5. Assertion (A): In the error detector configuration using a synchro transmitter and synchro
control transformer, the latter is connected to the error amplifier.
Reason (R): Synchro control transformer has almost a uniform reluctance path between the
rotor and the stator.
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true and R is not correct Explanation of A
c) A is True and R is false
d) A is False and R is true

Answer: c
Explanation: Synchro control transformer is amplifier that is used to amplify the error and
synchro transmitter is used to detect error.

6. A tachometer is used as an inner loop in a position control servo-system. What is the

effect of feedback on the gain of the sub-loop incorporating tachometer and in the effective
time constant of the system?
a) Both are reduced
b) Gain is reduced but the time constant is increased
c) Gain is increased but the time constant is reduced
d) Both are increased

Answer: a
Explanation: Tachometer is the device that is used to control the speed of motor in the
control system and Feedback and effective time constant of the system both are reduced on
the gain of the sub-loop.

7. If the initial conditions are inherently zero, what does it physically mean?
a) The system is at rest but stores energy
b) The system is working but does not store energy
c) The system is at rests or no energy is stored in any of its parts
d) The system is working with zero reference input

Answer: c
Explanation: A system with zero initial condition is said to be at rest since there is no stored
energy.

8. In case of DC servomotor the back-emf is equivalent to an “electric friction” which tends

to :
a) Improve stability of the motor
b) Slowly decrease stability of the motor
c) Vary rapidly decrease stability of the motor
d) Have no effect on stability

Answer: a
Explanation: Back emf is the voltage that is generated in absence of the input and in case of
DC servomotor tends to improve the stability of the motor.

9. Consider the following statements for the pneumatic and hydraulic systems:
1. The normal operating pressure of pneumatic control is very much higher than that of
hydraulic control.
2. In, pneumatic control external leakage is permissible to a certain extent, but there should
no leakage in a hydraulic control.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 and 2

Answer: c
Explanation: Operating pressure of pneumatic as the control,action is mainly to control the
flow of air is more and also no leakage is permitted in hydraulic systems.

10. The transfer function of a LTI system is given as 1/(s+1). What is the steady-state value
of the unit-impulse response?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) Infinite

Answer: a
Explanation: Steady state value is the final value and it is calculated from the final vale
theorem and final value theorem is applicable for the stable systems only.

“State Variables and Linear Discrete-Time Systems”

1. Which of the following can be used as a tacho generator in control systems?
a) Microsyn
b) DC servomotor
c) AC servomotor
d) Magnetic Amplifier

Answer: c
Explanation: Tacho-generator in the control system is used to manage the speed and
convert the speed into measurable terms and AC servomotor can be used as Tacho
generator in control systems.

2. Consider the function F (s)= 5/s(s 2+3s+2), the initial value of f(t) is:
a) 5
b) 5/2
c) 5/3
d) 0

Answer: d
Explanation: For initial value theorem in which time is at t =0 and for the frequency which is
the inverse of time, the value of s is replaced with infinity and hence the value obtained is 0.

3. An electric motor is developing 10KW at a speed of 900rpm. The torque available at the
shaft is:
a) 106 N-m
b) 66 N-m
c) 1600 N-m
d) 90 N-m
Answer: a
Explanation: The formula of the Torque =9.544*Power/speed in rpm and unit is N-m and by
this the value of the torque can be calculated.

4. Assertion (A): Many of the linear control system transfer function do not have poles or
zeroes in the right half s-plane.
Reason (R): These are called minimum phase transfer function.
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true and R is not correct Explanation of A
c) A is True and R is false
d) A is False and R is true

Answer: a
Explanation: For minimum phase systems the poles and zeroes must be on the left side of
the s-plane and for the systems which have zeroes on the right half of the s plane are called
non-minimum phase systems.

5. The tacho meter has sensitivity of 5V/1000rpm. The gain constant of the tacho meter is:
a) 0.48V/rad/sec
b) 0.048V/rad/sec
c) 4.8V/rad/sec
d) 48V/rad/sec

Answer: b
Explanation: Gain constant = 5*60/2p*1000(V/rad/sec)
0.048 V/rad/sec.

6. The closed loop transfer function of a unity negative feedback system is 100/(s 2+8s+100).
Its open loop transfer function is:
a) 100/s+8
b) 1/s2+8s
c) 100/s2-8s
d) 100/s2+8s

Answer: d
Explanation: For unity feedback system the closed loop transfer function is: G/1+GH and
the open loop transfer function can be calculated by balancing the value of G.

7. The impulse response of a linear LTI system is given as g (t) = e (-t)The transfer function of
the system is equal to:
a) 1/s
b) 1/s(s+1)
c) 1/(s+1)
d) s/(s+1)

Answer: c
Explanation: Impulse response is just the Laplace transform of the transfer function and the
response is just the Laplace transform of the forward path block.
8. In a closed loop for which the output is the speed of the motor, the output rate control can
be used to:
a) Limit the speed of the motor
b) Limit the torque output of the motor
c) Reduce the damping of the system
d) Limit the acceleration of the motor

Answer: a
Explanation: For motor to be the closed loop system the output of the system is the speed
of the motor and output rate can be to limit the speed of the motor.

9. In servo-system, the device used for derivative feedback is known as:

a) Synchro
b) Servomotor
c) Potentiometer
d) Tacho generator

Answer: d
Explanation: Tacho generator provides the derivative feedback when used in a servo
system and it controls the speed of the servo-system by providing the value of the speed as
feedback.

10. The transfer function of any stable system which has no zeros or poles in the right half
of the s-plane is said to be:
a) Minimum phase transfer function
b) Non-minimum phase transfer function
c) Minimum phase frequency response function
d) Minimum gain transfer function

Answer: a
Explanation: For a minimum phase system all the poles and zeroes of a transfer function
must lie on the left of the imaginary axis and these type of the systems if causal are always
stable

“Pole Placement by State Feedback”

1. ______________ is not a final control element.
a) Control valve
b) Potentiometer
c) Electro-pneumatic converter
d) Servomotor

Answer: b
Explanation: Control element refers to the various blocks in the whole control process and
the various control elements can ce controller as control valve, potentiometer, servomotors
and tachometers but potentiometer is not the final control element.
2. Which of the following is the definition of proportional band of a controller?
a) The range of air output as measured variable varies from maximum to minimum
b) The range of measured variables from set value
c) The range of measured variables through which the air output changes from maximum to
minimum
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: Proportional band of controller is the range of measured variables through
which the air output changes from maximum to minimum.

3. In pneumatic control systems the control valve used as final control element converts
a) Pressure signal to electric signal
b) Pressure signal to position change
c) Electric signal to pressure signal
d) Position change to pressure signal

Answer: b
Explanation: In pneumatic control system the control force is the air and and can be used as
final control element converts the pressure signal to position change.

4. Pressure error can be measured by which of the following?

a) Differential bellows and strain gauge
b) Selsyn
c) Strain gauge
d) Strain gauge and potentiometer

Answer: a
Explanation: Pressure error is the error that is caused due to change in the pressure and
the error can be measured by differential bellows and strain gauge which is by the change
of dimensions.

5. Which of the following devices is used for conversion of co-ordinates?

a) Microsyn
b) Selsyn
c) Synchro-resolver
d) Synchro-transformer

Answer: c
Explanation: Dimensions of the container can be changed by conversion of the coordinates
and this can ne done with the help of the synchro-resolver.

6. The effect of error damping is to

a) Provide larger settling lime
b) Delay the response
c) Reduce steady state error
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c
Explanation: Error damping refers to the error that is caused by the damping in the system
and the effect of this error damping is that it reduces the steady state error and gain of the
system reduces.

7. Technique gives quick transient and stability response

a) Root locus
b) Bode
c) Nyquist
d) Nichols

Answer: a
Explanation: Root locus is the locus of the system that is drawn by the change in the gain
with respect to the frequency and this technique gives the quick transient and stability
response of the system.

8. A phase lag lead network introduces in the output

a) Lag at all frequencies
b) Lag at high frequencies and lead at low frequencies
c) Lag at low frequencies and lead at high frequencies
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: A phase lag lead network is the network that is similar to the differentiator and
it is used to increase the speed response and increases the stability of the system and this
introduces lag at low frequencies and lead at high frequencies.

9. Which of the following is the non-linearity caused by servomotor?

a) Static friction
b) Backlash
c) Saturation
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: c
Explanation: Non-linearity is the irregular variation in the two parameters of the servomotor
and this is caused by the saturation in the servomotor.

10. When the initial conditions of a system are specified to be zero it implies that the system
is
a) At rest without any energy stored in it
b) Working normally with reference input
c) Working normally with zero reference input
d) At rest but stores energy A

Answer: a
Explanation: Zero initial condition refers to the condition in which the stored energy is zero
and hence the system implies that the system is at rest without any energy stored in it .

“Observer Systems”
1. A control system in which the control action is somehow dependent on the output is
known as
a) Closed loop system
b) Semi closed loop system
c) Open system
d) Non feedback control system

Answer: a
Explanation: Closed system is a control system in which the feedback is present that can be
positive or negative and in which the control action is somewhat dependent on the output.

2. In closed loop control system, with positive value of feedback gain the overall gain of the
system will
a) Decrease
b) Increase
c) Be unaffected
d) Exponentially increase

Answer: b
Explanation: Closed loop control system, can be both positive and negative and with
positive value of feedback gain where the overall gain of the system will increase and also
the oscillations.

3. Which of the following is an open loop control system?

a) Field controlled D.C. motor
b) Ward Leonard control
c) Metadyne
d) Stroboscope

Answer: a
Explanation: Open loop control systems are the systems which have no feedback and
cannot be used to obtain the desired response and field controlled system is an open loop
control system.

4. Which of the following statements is not necessarily correct for open control system?
a) Input command is the sole factor responsible for providing the control action
b) Presence of non-linearities causes malfunctioning
c) Less expensive
d) Generally free from problems of non-linearities

Answer: b
Explanation: Open loop control system are the systems which have no feedback and cannot
be used to obtain the desired response and non-linearities does not cause malfunctioning.

5. In open loop system

a) The control action depends on the size of the system
b) The control action depends on system variables
c) The control action depends on the input signal
d) The control action is independent of the output

Answer: d
Explanation: In open loop system the output cannot be used to obtain the desired response
and the control action is independent of the output.

6. ___________has tendency to oscillate.

a) Open loop system
b) Closed loop system
c) Open and closed loop systems have tendency to oscillate
d) No Systems have tendency to oscillate

Answer: a
Explanation: Open loop control systems are the systems where the output cannot be the
desired output and no feedback is used and gain of the system is very high due to this
damping is very less and hence system has tendency to oscillate.

7. A good control system has all the following features except

a) Good stability
b) Slow response
c) Good accuracy
d) Sufficient power handling capacity

Answer: b
Explanation: A good control system is mainly negative feedback closed loop control system
where the gain of system is not very high and damping is present and no oscillations are
present and has fast output response.

8. A car is running at a constant speed of 50 km/h, which of the following is the feedback
element for the driver?
a) Clutch
b) Eyes
c) Needle of the speedometer
d) Steering wheel

Answer: c
Explanation: For car as control system steering wheel is the feedback element for the driver
as for driver to maintain constant speed or desired speed steering wheel is the important
element and error detector.

9. The initial response when the output is not equal to input is called
a) Transient response
b) Error response
c) Dynamic response
d) All of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: Transient response in the response at any time instant other than final
response and this response is at any instant which is mainly dependent on the maximum
peak overshoot and settling time.

10. A control system working under unknown random actions is called

a) Computer control system
b) Digital data system
c) Stochastic control system
d) Adaptive control system

Answer: c
Explanation: A control system is the system which is having feedback and can be both
positive and negative and working under unknown random actions is called stochastic
control system.