SLAVE DYNASTY >

1. Quatul Islam Mosque

2. Arhai din ka jhompra
3. Qutub Minar
4. First extension of Qutub Complex
5. Cave of Sultan Ghori
6. Tomb of Iltutmish
MOSQUE AT AJMER > Arhai-din-ka-jhompra
MOSQUE AT AJMER > Arhai-din-ka-jhompra
Literally means_ two and half days cottage.
Built by_ Qutub Uddin Aybek.
Location_ Ajmer, Rajasthan, 480 km west of Delhi. ADDITION OF FACADE >
by Shamsuddin Iltutmish.
Space covered_ more than twice the space occupied by Delhi mosque.
The Maqsura, two minaret
Material_ gained from hindu and jain temples above the central arch of
the maqsura.
Roof_ series of shallow corbelled domes planted over Tudor Gothic type arch in
square pillared bays. maqsura.

Height_ Increased height was obtained by superimposing 3shafts

to form each pillar those were 20’ high.
 THE QUTUB MINAR
CONSTRUCTION PERIOD >
The construction started in 1199 AD by

Qutub Uddin Aibek.

And completed by Iltulmish, his son-in-law
in 1303 AD.

DAMAGES & RESTORATIONS >

Damage occurred in 2 periode_

In 1326, in Md. Tughlaq’s period by
lightening.

Restored by_ Md. Tughluq in 1332.

In 1368, in Firoz Shah Tughluq’s period
Restored by_ Sikandar Lodi in 1503.

The word“Qutb” signifies >

a pole, an axis, pivot of justice & faith.
 THE QUTUB MINAR

PURPOSE >

founded to celebrate Qutb’s appointed as governor ------- A Victory Tower.

to proclaim the whole world , the power & dignity , the prestige & authority of Islam.
its inscription declares _ “the shadow of god over the east to west”

MAIN FUNCTION >

was to announce the Azan

so that it could be visualized from far away
also served the obvious military function of

a watch tower

LOCATION >

An adjacent outside of the original mosque

enclosure ( Quatul – islam mosque )
At the south east corner of the Qutub
complex, left to the main entrance of
the mosque.
FEATURES OF MINAR
TIERS >

Originally of 4 Tiers. Late additional tier

In 1368, the 4th storey was
Fourth
- simple circle
replaced by 2 storey by Firoz Shah Simply round projected balcony
spiral stairway
Tughluq.
Third
star shaped flanges
MATERIALS > -
Star shaped
projected balcony
Red and Buff sandstone. spiral stairway

Marble was added in the upper

Second -
2stories leaving the lower stories in its Rounded flutes
Circular projection
original condition with sandstone projected balcony
spiral stairway
PLANS >

Height _ 238’ (72.5m)

Diametre_ 47’ (14.32m) at the base
tapers to 9’ (2.75m) at the top spiral stairway
Circular in plan
Lowest - Round shaped/
Circular flutes
Has 360 steps in its central spiral Havingstellate
Wedge shaped/ alternates
stairway that leads one to the top storey. Angular flanges

Entry from North through a doorway. entrance from North

FEATURES OF MINAR
BALCONY >
The verticality of its angular and curved outer turrets

is broken by four balconies projected out over an

elaborate system of stalactite-like pendentives.
It's a type of Bracketing system that supports the
Balcony and transmits the load as well.
The sculptural treatment of the multiple niches below

the balcony mark the Hindu carver's graduation in

the art of non-figurative Islamic carving.

CUPOLA >
originally the minar was surmounted by a

Cupola
Fell down during earthquake
Replaced in early 19th century by
Major Smith in Late Mughal Style.
FEATURES OF MINAR

IMPRESSIVE CONCEPTION >

vivid color of red sand stone

changing color of different
stage.
contrast between alternating
space of plain masonry &
rich curving
eye-catching monument.
FIRST EXTENSION OF QUTUB COMPLEX
Shamsuddin Iltutmish enlarged the original mosque for the first time, in 1229AD, after 30 years of
original construction.
Enlarged by_ throwing another colonnade symmetrically arranged around the existing one.
Created a more spacious courtyard, including the Qutub Minar within its cloister.

MAQSURA >

1
Screen of arches was extended
2 2

5
along Northand South end.
5 5
Enlarged 3 times of its original size.
4
Equilateral arches with Ogee
Curve of Gothic style.
3 3
7
7 3
1. Original western Sanctuary
2. Extended western Sanctuary
3. The courtyard
6 4. The Iron Pillar
5. Maqsura
6. The Qutub Minar
7 7. The Colonnade enclosure
CAVE OF SULTAN GHORI
Significant part of Iltutmish's building

activities was that of erecting the earliest

Muslim tombs on Indian soil. The first, in

AD 1231 is popularly known as Sultan
Ghori’s tomb or `Cave of the
Sultan.'
The whole construction rests on a 10 ft
(3 m) high plinth.
Structure conveys the impression of a

mini fort more than the `tomb mosque'.

Fluted white marble columns
reminiscent of the Greek Doric order,
Sanctuary is a reassembly of sandstone
columns recovered from Hindu
temples.
The central space of the sanctuary is

crowned with a shallow pointed

dome that is octagonal in plan.
 CAVE OF SULTAN GHORI
The plan is a square of 66’ X66’ in dimention

1. Courtyard that is 10’ high form ground

level.

2. The central octagonal platform of

white marble.
5 3. the portico of the sanctuary that has
7
a octagonal shallow pointed dome
over it.
4
4. colonnade aisles at the east and
west with the sanctuary
3 2 4
6 5. Domed circular towers/
bastions at the corners creates the
definition of the courtyard
4
1 6. Entrance stairway from the east.

7. The grey Granite masonry of the outer

wall is almost cyclopean in scale and

punctured by narrow arched apertures.

TOMB OF ILTUTMISH
__cubic base
Sultan Iltutmish's own tomb was an
__pierced by arched openings
altogether more comprehensible structure.
__crowned with a hemispherical dome
Here, for the first time, the Indian builder

came to terms with the most elementary

grammar of the Islamic language of building.
The crux of the Islamic structural language

was the method of installing a dome

that is circular in plan over a cubic
compartment that is imperatively square in
configuration.

LOCATION >
Built at the north-western corner of the
Qutb mosque complex some four years after
the construction of Sultan Ghari's tomb.

BUILT BY >
Shamsuddin Iltutmish, in 1235 AD.
 TOMB OF ILTUTMISH
42’x42’
The geometrical solution mihrab
lay in increasing the four
sides of the square to eight
of an octagon, and 30’x30’
progressively to sixteen-
and thirty-two-sided polygons
gradually approximating the
Entry stairway
infinite sides of a circle
Step_01 Step_02 Step_03 Step_04
PLAN >
A Square of 42’X42’ , and in interior the chamber is a square of 30’X30’

ENTRY >
Entrance through pointed arched doorway from 3 sides.
The Western wall is closed to accommodate Mihrab in its
inner surface with pointed arch pattern.

INTERIOR & EXTERIOR >

Interior wall surfaces were highly sculptured and exterior is plain
and unfinished.
MATERIAL >
Rich decoration of sandstone and inscriptions of white marble.
ROOF >
Roofed with a shallow dome composed of concentric rings of masonry.
TOMB OF ILTUTMISH
KHILJI DYNASTY >

1. 2nd Extension of Quatul Islam Mosque

2. Alai Darwaza
3. Alai Minar
THE KHALJIS/ KHILJIS

Khilji or Khalji was an Indian ruling dynasty. They were the second Muslim
dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate. The term Khilji was their self-designation,
meaning in Turkic languages "swordsman" or in Ottoman-Turkish "long arm" or
"long fingers" and in Pashtu "thief"
Ikhtiar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiar Khilji, one of the generals of
Qutb-ud-din Aybak, conquered Bihar and Bengal in the late 12th century.

Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji took control of the Delhi Sultanate in 1290, and
three Khilji sultans ruled the empire from 1290 to 1320.
His nephew and son-in-law Ala ud din Khilji is considered to be the greatest
among the Khiljis, due to successfully repelling several invasions from the Mongols.
THE KHALJIS/ KHILJIS
2ND EXTENSION OF QUTUB COMPLEX
Ala ud din Khilji further enlarged the Qutub Mosque
by more than 6 times.
It was achieved by throwing another

asymmetrically arranged cloister

around the existing one.

The extension was made towards the

northern end.
ALAI MINAR >
In the centre of the extension of the northern courtard

the foundation of Alai Minar was laid which was never

finished and was almost twice of Qutub Minar’s
dimension.

DOORWAYS >
The proposed 6 Gateways were laid along the
outer wall and among which onlly the Alai Darwaza
Remains.
ALAI DARWAZA

was one of the entrance halls among

4 entrance hall to the courtyard.
It is self contained isolated structure.

CONSTRUCTION PERIOD

Erected in 1305 by Alauddin khilji as a

part of extension of the Qutb complex
LOCATION
Located at the southern part of the complex,

the southern Gateway of the complex.

MATERIAL

red sand stone and marble used as

facing material.

rich decorative treatment obtained by

blending of white marble & sand stone
curved in patterns of sutle curves,
geometrical designs.
ALAI DARWAZA
PLAN

55’X55’ square in plan [exterior] & 36’X36’ inner hall, a cubical structure.
DOME

34’ dia.
DOORWAY

in the middle of each side flanked by perforated stone window.

HEIGHT

80’ high to the top of domical finial.

EXTERIOR
the whole volume was brought to comfortable human proportion by treating The outer façade

as a 2-storeyed building.
flat organic arabic inscriptional band surround and defined the openings & Sculptural detail was applied.