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Mimbar or pulpit
Miihrab
From east-northeast,
Hoshang Shah's tomb is situated in the middle of the courtyard of the majestic
mausoleum
It is interesting to note that the main entrance and stairs are situated in the south
side, the other side of the entrance to the courtyard.
HOSHANG SHAH’S TOMB
The main body of the mausoleum has walls with large arch-shaped entrances in the north
and south.
These entrances are surrounded by small arch-shaped niches.
The walls in the east and west have no openings.
The inside walls of the tomb chamber are covered by white marble
They are very beautiful and effective viewing from inside, reminding us of the
craftsmanship of the designer.
Arches in either side of the north and south entrances are filled with an openwork of
geometric patterns.
KUSK MAHAL
Built in 1445
Mahmud shah of Malwa
Currently in ruins
It is seven storied structure though only four stories
remain
It is square in plan
Two arched passageways crossing at right angles at
each other
BAZ BAHADUR PALACE
They are the dominating features thus dividing the
whole into four quadrants which accommodate the
palace halls
These halls rise storey upon storey each opening out
onto tall arched passageways
BAZ BAHADUR PALACE
RUPMATHI PAVILION
NIL KANTH PALACE
CHISTI KHAN PALACE
BADAL MAHAL GATEWAY RUPMATHI PAVILION
DECCAN STYLE
GULBARGA -1347-1422
BIDAR -1422- 1512
GOLCONDA -1512-1687
DELHI-
Due to Mohammed Tughlaq change of capital from Delhi to Daulatabad
Shifting of people and artisans
PERSIA-
Homeland of the original Muslim who overran India
These people instinctively looked towards Persia for inspiration
They considered Persia as the overhead of all real knowledge
People from other Islamic cities were finding their way to the Deccan
ports
The first independent ruler of the Deccan was one ALA-UD-DIN HASSAN
BAHMAN SHAH,
A Persian adventurer from the court of tughlaq
He established the BAHAMANI DYNASTY in GULBARGA in 1347
Architecture took an unusual form ,instead of merging with the Indo –
Islamic style and becoming indianised, ,in several instances buildings were
erected in the deccan which were purely and intentionally IRANIAN in their
design and construction
THE DECCAN STYLE CAN BE DIVIDED INTO 3 PHASES
FIRST PHASE
A crude imitation of Tughlaqian architecture with sloping walls
SECOND PHASE
Persian elements wit those combining with that of Delhi
Examples:
In the propotion and shape of the dome
The detailing of the base of the dome above and the octagonal drum
THIRD PHASE
The complete amalgamation of the diverse architectural forms derived from
all the independent sources
PERIOD WISE AND LOCATION – 3 PHASES
GULBARGA – 1347-1422-Capital
BIDAR 1422- 1512 Capital
This was a strategic decision, as Bidar had a more
central position in the kingdom and perhaps more
importantly, was out of immediate striking range of
the Vijayanagara kingdom, which was a constant
menace.
GOLCONDA 1512-1687 Capital
Domed
chamber
Details of
northwestern
squinch
ROYAL TOMBS
The remaining monuments in GULBARGA illustrating the bahamani period
are the ROYAL TOMBS of the rulers seven in number and are in two separate
grops,their construction covering nearly half a century
The other group of bahamani tombs known as the HAFT GUMBAZ or SEVEN
TOMBS contains memotials of four kings of this dynasty ,the earliest being
MUJAHID BAHAMAN,who died in 1378-showing tughlaq style of
architecture,they are large in size
TOMB OF DAUD SHAH / GULBARGA
The fort could be isolated for better defence from the town by a system of
gates and moats. Inside the citadel walls, ruins of palaces, mosques and
secular structures bear silent witness to a once-powerful empire.
A change of capital Two principles mosques
brought impetus to at Bidar.
building art. Thought the palaces are
The chief architectural more fanciful in their
productions representing style and vivacious in
the later BAHAMANI their appearance,the
regime as this prevailed at mosques are plain and
bidar,consists of the sombre almost to
FORTRESS and its PALACES austerity
,TWO MOSQUES within Two forms of
the fort ,a MADRASSA or architecture reflect the
college and the ROYAL contrast between the
TOMBS. colourful pageantry of
The fortress at bidar is the court and the
larger than the one at solemnity of the creed
gulbarga,and even more The two mosques are
remarkable in some of its the
constructional features JAMI MASJID
SOLA KHUMBA-16
PILLARS
Prayer room back oexterior ,from
northwest
EXTERIOR
In the middle of three of these
sides are prominent semi
octagonal projections rising up
to a considerable height .
Surmounted by TARTAR DOMES elevation is in 3 stories of
While the fourth side which is the main arched window openings and
façade contains the entrance and has two there is a wide parapet over all
tall minars in 3 stages, one at each corner
Most of the exterior elevation is in 3
stories of arched window openings
and there is a wide parapet over all
DECORATION
The surface treatment is wholly composed of
colour produced by brilliantly glazed tiles.
Every part of the façade being overlaid with
patterns obtained by this method
Colours used were green ,yellow, and white are
the predominate colpours
INTERIORS
Owing to the height and the increased height of the dome,it was found
necessary to cover the mortuary chamber at a suitable height with a
curved ceiling ,leaving the interior of the dome as a great unused void.
PROVINCIAL STYLE-BIJAPUR
Style depended on the ruling dynasty
ADIL SHAHIS OF BIJAPUR – converted their power & energy to
architectural splendour.
BIJAPUR is one of the prime south Indian cities that shows Islamic
influence.
The factors that affected this style of buildings were many.
Firstly style & type of buildings erected depends on the ruling dynasty.
The style of buildings was from bahmani rulers. The ruling dynasty, Adil
Shahis concentrated on building & the other arts. So it developed fast.
The 3 main kinds of buildings were
Mosques – (Over 50 in number)
Tombs – (Over 20 in number)
Palaces/Mahals – (Over 20 in number)
PROVINCIAL STYLE-BIJAPUR
The city had fortified walls.
The traces of the city show an irregular circle over 6 miles in
circumference and from this citadel in the centre, roads radiate to the 6
city gates.
However as such there was no serious town planning.
There were a few extensions to Bijapur – the most important being
Nauraspur build by Ibrahim II. It was located west Bijapur.
It was connected by means of a thorough fare but Nauraspur was partly
abandoned after construction partly. It contains no building of note.
This style of building reached it zenith in the first half of the 17th
century.
JAMI MASJID - MOST SIMPLE & EARLIEST.
IBRAHIM RAUZA - MOST ELABORATE
GOL GUMBAZ - MOST GRANDIOSE
MIHTAI MAHAL - MINIATURE BUST MOST
REFINED.
Foreign influence of Turkey – no Hindu craftsmen involved.
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
Important feature –
DOME: average proportions, spherical in shape, rises out of a band of
conventional petals @ its base.
FORMS are repeated at a smaller scale as an ornamental finish to the
turrets
SHAPE OF ARCH – distinct with graceful contours
4 centred arch, fuller in its curve – distinct feature.
CHAJJAS, CORNIES & BRACKETS – remarkable size & features.
SPANDRILS – a medallion is added.
Voluted brackets, foliated finial
ORNAMENTATION – rosettes, conventional hanging lamps, running
borders, interlaced symbols – carved in stone, moulded in stuccowork.
Carved motifs with glazed tile decoration
Plain, simple buildings gave way to ornate style.
JAMI MASJID
Forms a rectangle – 450’ x 225’
Immense pile forms the exterior
2 rows of arcades within the
walling – one above the other.
Lower – merely ornamental.
Upper – open & discloses an
arched corridor, resembling a
loggia, running to the length of
the back of the exterior sides.
Ogee arch was modified to a 4
centre variety.
Liwan – 208 X 107 (63m x 33m)
Central dome rises over the
mihrab bay.
A single dome – hemispherical
variety covering the bays.
Nine central bays rises to a square, clerestorey platform.
Crescent shaped finial – Turkish origin.
Remaining portions of the liwans roofed by shallow, circular domes over
square bays.
Masonry pieces were used.
The 7 arches of the façade of the Liwan are shaded by a deep, horizontal chajja
Chajja supported over a row of
closely spaced brackets.
Double row of deep arched niches
– provides for the lights and
ventilation.
Courtyard – square of 115’ side.
The courtyard is contained on 3
sides by a range of arches – 7 in
number.
The central opening is
emphasised by foliations
Square, arcaded clerestory holds
the dome above.
The shape & foliations on the
dome – need mention.
INTERIOR:
Interior of the sanctuary – consists of a hall
– 208 ‘ x 107’ divided into 5 arches by
arches.
Name – square compartment – 76’ diameter
contained within 12 arches 3 on each side.
ORNAMENTATION
Elaborate mural design & relief work.
Use of brilliant colours.
True & distinct embellishment.
MAUSOLEUM – IBRAHIM RAUZA
Built to the order of Ibrahim Adil Shah I
Rauza consists of 2 main buildings – a tomb & a mosque.
Other accssories stand within a square enclosure.
Entire complex forms a garden retreat.
Excellent example of ornate & technical skills.
PLANNING:
Entire enclosure – 450’ square.
Tomb building – sq -115’ side
Within the enclosure, the 2 principal buildings
stand on an ablong terrace.
Terrace – 360’ long x 150’ wide.
Eastern end – tomb, western end – mosque.
There is an open count in between – occupied
by an ornamental tank & fountain.
The 2 buildings were organized to achieve
balance through scale, placement & proportions
volume
IBRAHIM RAUZA
TOMB:
Central chamber contained with an arched verandah & the whole
surmounted by a dome.
The arches in the arcade – 2 of which are narrow-to bring in a subtle variety
in the voids
The alternation in the spacing has been carried out in the entire composition.
The arches – unique feature.
The internals between the ornamental finials have also been emphasised
Tall minar shaped turrets rise from each angle of the building.
The elaborate, bracketed, battlemented upper storey carries the bulbous dome.
Within the arched verandah is a row of pillars.
A double arcade is formedaround the central chamber.
Intricacy of pattern & embellishment.
Each wall in the tomb is spaced into an arcade of 3 shallow arches, enclosed
by a system of borders & panels.
Extensive tracery work, inscriptions & arabesque could be found.
CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES:
Treatment of the interior of the central chamber is unique.
The central chamber is a small room 18’ square.
Graceful curved & coffered ceiling.
The upper portion, instead of being the dome has been converted to a
hanging ceiling giving a well proportioned room below.
Hanging ceiling- contrived by a system of joggle –jointing.
This system does not leave a huge void between the hall and the dome – the
height remains balanced.
MOSQUE:
Corresponds to the tomb in
proportions, mass & in architectural
treatment.
Measures less in depth, but is in
perfect harmony in the entire
complex.
Familiar lotus shaped decoration
as the merlons on the dome.
HANGING CEILING
In order to raise the dome to an external height & not to create a dark
interior, the 40’ (12m) square chamber is roofed over at the intermediate
level by a ceiling.
The flat portion measures 24’ (7.3m) square & virtually floats over 7’
(2m) deep brackets projecting from the walls.
The rich mortar mix was the secret ingredient.
The underlayer of stones are merely butt jointed, but kept in place using
the rich mix.
GOL GUMBAZ
Gol Gumbaz – built by
Md. Adil Shah.
Is a mausoleum.
The tomb in the
complex comprises of a
mosque, a khana or a
drum house, a
Dharmashala.
The interior & exterior
walls – plain , lacks
finishing. A simple cube •Immense size & proportions.
surmounted by a •A simple, square hall enclosed by 4 lofty
massive dome. walls – buttressed by octagonal towers at
This tomb of Sultan the corner.
Muhammed – rubble •Surmounted by a huge, hemispherical
masonry walls. dome.
Sq – 136’ (41.5m)
side on the inside. 144.4’
205’ (62.5m) on the
outside.
The 4 lofty walls are 25’
over 10ft (3m) thick &
(33.5m) high.
Diameter of the
octagonal buttress –
25’ (7.6m) rising to a 45.7m.
200’
height of
110’
Dome – (44m)
diameter outside &
125’ (38m) diameter
inside.
Total height from
ground to the apex =
200’ (60.9m)