Sultanate Period

Architecture
Land of Temples
Forts
Mosques
Muslim firstly entered from South- western part of Sub-Continent.

Masqat and Makran were the areas from where they entered
( Muhammad bin Qasim in 712 AD)
Major invasions of Muslim
1. Raja Dahir- Muhammad Bin Qasim (712AD)
• Fought three wars, first at Debul, second at Arorh, Third at Bahawalpur
• Fought with strength, used catapult ass weapon and succeeded.
• Muhammad Bin Qasim was from Ummayyad Dynasty.
• In time of Abdul Malik bin Marwan, Hajaj Bin Yusuf was the chief advisor, who send Muhammad
Bin Qasin to this area.

2. Maharaja Jaipal- Mehmood Ghaznavi (1000 AD)

• Jaipal was Punjab’s ruler ( Kabul till Dipalpur)
• Abbasids send Mehmood Ghaznavi
• Mehood Gaznavi conquered all ares of Maharaja Jaipal and entered Mulan.

• 3. Sahab ud Din Ghori(Qutb ud Din Aibuk)-Maharaja Prithwi Raj Chohan 1150AD

• His capital was Dehli
• Qutab ud Din Aibuk finally established Dehli Sultanate
Sultanate Period (326 years)
The rulers who ruled substantial parts of the North India between
1200AD - 1526AD were termed as Sultans and the period of their rule
as the Delhi Sultanate.
These rulers were of Turkish and Afghan origin.
They established their rule in India after defeating the Indian ruling
dynasties which were mainly Rajput's in northern India.
These Sultans ruled for more than 300 years (from around AD 1200 to
AD 1526).
The last of the Delhi Sultan, Ibrahim Lodi was defeated by the
Mughals under the leadership of Babur in AD1526 who established
the Mughal Empire in India.
During this period of around three hundred years five different
dynasties ruled Delhi.
Sultanate Period
• These were the Mamluks (AD 1206–AD 1290) (popularly
known as slave dynasty) -84 years
• the Khaljis (AD 1290–AD 1320) - 30 years
• the Tughlaqs (AD 1320–AD 1412) -94 years
• the Sayyids (AD 1412–AD 1451) - 37 years
• the Lodis (AD 1451– AD 1526) -75 years

All these dynasties are collectively referred as the Delhi

Sultanate.
All these dynasties are from Turk except Lodhi who came
from Afghanistan.
Architecture during Delhi Sultanate
•
Art and architecture of the Delhi Sultanate period was different from the Indian
style .
• Indo Islamic style of architecture developed as mingling of the Indian and Turkish
styles
• DOMES AND ARCHES OF Turkish styles well known buildings of this period
• Quwat- ul – Islam mosque,
• Alai Darwaza,
• Tomb of Ghiasudduin Tughlaq,
• Feroz shah kotla,
• Tuglaqabad fort
The
Qutb
complex,
DEHLI
The
Qutb
complex
Quwwat ul Islam Mosque /QUTB Mosque
• The mosque’s open courtyard, colonnades, and qibla wall were built
from the pillars and ceilings of 27 Hindu temples.
• It was built over the site of a large temple located in the centre of a
citadel.
• It was the first mosque built in Delhi after the Islamic conquest of
India and the oldest surviving example of Ghurids architecture in
Indian subcontinent
Pillars, ceilings and stones from
multiple older Hindu and Jain temples
were reused in the construction of the
colonnades surrounding the mosque’s
open courtyard and in the prayer hall.
Since the desired height for the
colonnade did not match the height of
older temple pillars, two or three pillars
were stacked, one on top of the other,
to reach the required elevation. 
Indian temple pillars are often
adorned with anthropomorphic
figures of deities and divine
beings, mythical zoomorphic, and
apotropaic motifs, as well as
decorative bands of flowers. A
belief by the builders of this
mosque in a proscription against
the portrayal of living beings is
evident in the removal of the
faces carved in the older
stonework. Other decorative
motifs were left untouched, likely
for their apotropaic and
ornamental qualities
The Qutub Minar was built
simultaneously with the
mosque but appears to be a
stand-alone structure, built as
the 'Minar of Jami Masjid', for
the muezzin to perform adhan,
call for prayer, and also as a
qutub, an Axis or Pole of Islam
The architecture of the Delhi Sultanate
is notable for its stylized decorative
ornament which seamlessly
incorporates features from Islamic
artistic traditions such as arabesques
(intertwining and scrolling vines),
calligraphy, and geometric forms with
Indian influences such as the floral
motifs that adorn the calligraphy in the
Qutb complex minar (tower)
• 238 foot tall minaret
(tower) of red and
light sandstone

• Its balconies are

decorated with
muqarna style

• The minar is
decorated with
bands of calligraphy
that are both historic
and islamic
In 1198 Aibak
commissioned
a monumental
sandstone
screen with
five pointed
arches that
was built
between the
courtyard and
the prayer hall.
The screen was constructed with corbeled arches and is
emphatically decorative with bands of calligraphy, arabesques,
and other motifs, including flowers and stems that pop over,
under, and through the stylized letters
When Iltutmish became the new sultan of the
Mamluk dynasty in 1211, he made Delhi the
capital of the sultanate. During his reign,
Iltutmish extended the screen and prayer hall
on both sides of the west end of the Qutb
mosque and added surrounding colonnades
that, in effect, enclosed the original mosque.
Iltutmish is also believed to have been
responsible for the installation of the iron
pillar in the mosque, a dhwaja stambha
(ceremonial pillar) that dates to the fourth or
fifth century and was originally installed in a
Hindu temple.
Later monuments at
the Qutb complex
(such as the
fourteenth-century
gateway Alai
Darwaza) show a
shift towards
building techniques
common in Islamic
architecture outside
of India. Arches in
the Alai Darwaza, for
instance, are not
corbeled, but rather
built with a series of
wedge-shaped stones
and a keystone. 
An open-air tomb of illtumish

Like the Qutb mosque

and screen, Iltutmish’s
tomb was built in the
post and lintel fashion
and its arches were
corbeled.
Alai Darwaza
The Alai Darwaza is a main
gateway from southern side of
the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque.
It was built by the second
Khalji Sultan of Delhi, Ala-ud-
din Khalji in 1311 AD.

Building techniques changed

from the corbeled arches of
the qutb mosque to the
keystone-arches of the alai
darwaza.
• The domed
gateway is
decorated with red
sandstone and
inlaid white
marble
decorations,
inscriptions in
Naskh script,
latticed stone
screens and
showcases the
remarkable
craftsmanship of
the Turkish artisans
who worked on it.
Alai Minar Ala al-Din also began construction of a
minar that would have been considerably
taller than the Qutb Minar, had it been
completed—the unfinished base rises 80
feet in height.
ARAHI DIN KA JHONPRA

a large and imposing structure in the city of Ajmer in

Rajasthan, India constructed after demolishing Hindu
temple.
A legend states that a part of the mosque was built in
two-and-a-half days .Some Sufis claim that the name
signifies a human's temporary life on the earth
TOMB OF SHAH RUKN-E-ALAM,
MULTAN
The whole structure is divided
into three stories. Over the
second story is a smaller
Octagon, leaving a narrow3
passage all around the place,
above which stands a
hemispherical dome. As the
tomb is standing on a high
artificial mound, it is visible
from about 45 kilometers
TOMB OF SHAH RUKN-E-ALAM

The tomb was built on octagon plan, 90 ft in diameter with

walls which are 414 ft high and 13.3 ft thick. The mausoleum
was constructed with burnt bricks and supported by timber
framing, and decorated with tile faced bricks and wood beams.
TOMB OF BAHA-UD-DIN
ZAKARIYA
The renowned Sufi saint Hazrat Shahab-ud-Din Abu Hafs
Umar Suhrawardi (RA) of Baghdad awarded Hazrat
Zakariya (RA) the spiritual title Caliph in Baghdad, and
then assigned him back to the Multan region. For fifteen
years, Hazrat Zakariya (RA) travelled to different cities in
southern Punjab, where the order was able to attract
large numbers of converts from Hinduism. He finally
settled in Multan in 1222 (RA). Under his influence,
Multan became known as "Baghdad of the East".
Tomb of Yusuf Gardaiz
(built c. 1152, rebuilt 1548
GEOMETRIC
PATTERN ON THE
CEILING INCLUDE
RAB UL HISB OR
EIGHT POINTED
STAR