Handbook of Elliptic Integrals For Engineers and Physicists by

DIE GRUNDLEHREN DER
MATHEMATISCH EN
WISSENSCHAFT EN
IN EINZELDARSTELLUNGEN MIT BESONDERER
BERUCKSICHTIGUNG DER ANWENDUNGSGEBIETE
HERAUSGEGEBEN VON
R. GRAMMEL · E. HüPF · H . HüPF · F. RELLICH
F. K. SCHMIDT · B. L. V AN DER W AERDEN
BAND LXVII
HANDBOOK OF ELLIPTIC INTEGRALS
FOR ENGINEERS AND PHYSICISTS
by
PAUL F. BYRD
and
MORRIS D. FRIEDMAN
SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN HEIDELBERG GMBH

HANDBOOK OF ELLIPTIC
INTEGRALS FOR ENGINEERS
AND PHYSICISTS
by
PAUL F. BYRD
Aeronautkai Resear<h Seienlist
National Advisory Committee For Aeronautics (U. S. A.)
Formerlv Assistant Professor of Mathematics
Fisk University
and
MORRIS D. FRIEDMAN
Aeronautical Resear<h Seienlist
Nat onal Advisory Committee For Aeronautics <U. S. A.)
WITH 22 FIGURES
SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN HEIDELBERG GMBH

ISBN 978-3-642-52805-7 ISBN 978-3-642-52803-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-52803-3
SOFTCOVER REPRINT OF THE HARDCOVER lST EDITION 1954
ALLE RECHTE VORBEHALTEN
OHNE AUSDRUCKLJCHE GENEHMIGUNG DES VERLAGES

IST ES ADCH NJCHT GESTATTET, DIESES BUCH ODER TEILE DARAUS
AUF PHOTOMECHANISCHEM WEGE (PHOTOKOPIE, MIKROKOPIE) ZU VERVIELFÂLTIGEN
Preface.
Engineers and physicists are more and more encountering integrations
involving nonelementary integrals and higher transeendental functions.
Such integrations frequently involve (not always in immediately re-
cognizable form) elliptic functions and elliptic integrals.
The numerous books written on elliptic integrals, while of great
value to the student or mathematician, are not especially suitable for
the scientist whose primary objective is the ready evaluation of the
integrals that occur in his practical problems. As a result, he may
entirely avoid problems which lead to elliptic integrals, or is likely
to resort to graphical methods or other means of approximation in
dealing with all but the siruplest of these integrals.
It became apparent in the course of my work in theoretical aero-
dynamics that there was a need for a handbook embodying in convenient
form a comprehensive table of elliptic integrals together with auxiliary
formulas and numerical tables of values. Feeling that such a book would
save the engineer and physicist much valuable time, I prepared the
present volume.
Although the book is not a text, an attempt has been made to write
it in elementary terms so that no previous knowledge of elliptic integrals,
theta functions or elliptic functions is needed. A collection of over
3000 integrals and formulas, designed to meet most practical needs, is
presented using Legendre's and Jacobi's notations, rather than the
less familiar Weierstrassian forms. Many of these formulas are Sub-
stitutions and recurrence relations for evaluating additional integrals
which are not explicitly written. Sufficient explanatory material and
cross-references are given to permit the reader to obtain the answers
he requires with a minimum of effort.
Short tables of numerical values are given for the elliptic integrals
of the first and second kind, for Jacobi's "nome" q, for the function
denoted by Heuman as A 0 , and for K times the J acobian Zeta function.
Tables of the last three functions are useful in the numerical evaluation
of elliptic integrals of the third kind.
Particular precautions, of course, have to be taken in a work of this
kind to insure accuracy of the formulas. My co-author, Mr. MoRRIS
VI Preface.
D. FRIEDMAN, undertook the job of verifying each formula. Where

ever possible, they were either derived independently in different ways
or checked against more than one source. Criticisms of the material
contained in the handbook and notice of any errors which may yet
appear in it will be sincerely welcomed.
It is impossible to acknowledge properly all the sources to which
debt is owed. The bibliography, however, lists many books in which
the derivation of some of the formulas can be found or where related
matenal may be obtained. For friendly advice and valuable suggestions,
I am under obligation to Professors A. ERDELYI, W. MAGNUS and
R. C. ARcHIBALD, and to colleagues in the Theoretical Aerodynamics
Section, Ames Aeronautical Laboratory, NACA. To my colleague,
DoRis CüHEN, I am grateful for a critical reading of the manuscript
and for many suggestions leading to improvement of exposition and
organization. Hearty thanks arealso extended to Mrs. RosE CHIN BYlm
and Mrs. MARY T. BuGGINS for assistance in the task of preparing the
tables of numerical values and to Mr. DuANE \V. DuGAN for help in
reading the proofs.
On behalf of both authors I wish finally to express gratitude to
Springer-Verlag and to Professor K. KLOTTER of Stanford University
who kindly called their attention to our work. The appearance of
this book is in no small measure due to their cooperative attitude,
their encouragement, and their genuine interest in the promotion of
technical publications.
Palo Alto, California. PAUL F. BYRD.
July, 1953-
Table of Contents.
Page
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . V
List of Symbols and Abbreviations X
Introduction . . . . . . . . . .
Definitions and Fundamental Relations 8
110. Elliptic Integrals . . . . . . 8
Definitions, p. 8.- Legendre's relation, p. 10.- Special values, p. 1o. --
Limiting values, p. 11. -Extension of the range of rp and k, p. 12. -
Addition formulas p. 13.- Specialaddition formulas, p. 13.- Differen-
tial equations, p. 15.- Sketches of E(rp, k), F(rp, k), E(k) and K(k),
p. 16. - Conformal Mappings, p. 1 7.
120. ] acobian Elliptic Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Definitions, p. 18. -Fundamental relations, p. 20. - Special values,
p. 20. -- Addition formulas, p. 23. - Double and half arguments,
p. 24. - Camplex and imaginary arguments, p. 24. - 1\.elation to
Theta functions, p. 24. - Approximation formulas, p. 24. - Dif-
ferential equations, p. 25. - Identities, p. 25. - Sketches, p. 26. -
Conformal Mappings, p. 28. - Applications, p. 28.
130. ] acobi's Inverse Elliptic Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Definitions, p. 29. - Identities, p. 31. - Special values, p. 31.
Addition formulas, p. 32. - Special addition formulas, p. 32.
140. Jacobian Zeta Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Definitions, p. 33.- Special values, p. 33.- Maximum value, p. 34. -··
Limiting value, p. 34. -Approximation formula, p. 34. - Addition
formulas, p. 34. - Special addition formula, p. 34. - Camplex and
imaginary arguments, p. 34. -- Relation to Theta functions, p. 34. -
Sketches, p. 35.
150. Heuman's Lambda Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Definitions, p. 35.- Special values, p. 36.- Limiting value, p. 36. --
Addition formula, p. 36. - Special addition formulas, p. 36. -
Relation to Theta functions, p. 37. - Sketches, p. 37.
160. Transformation Formulas for Elliptic Functions and Elliptic Integrals 38
Imaginary modulus transformation, p. 38. - Imaginary argument
transformation, p. 38. - Reciprocal modulus transformation, p. 38. -
Landen's transformation, p. 39. - Gauss' transformation, p. 39. -
Other transformations, p. 40.
Reduction of Algebraic Integrands to Jacobian Elliptic Functions 42

200. Introduction 42
210. Integrands Involving Square roots of Sums and Differences of Squares 43
Introduction, p. 43. - Table of Integrals, p. 45.
VIII Table of Contents.
Page
230. Integrands Involving the Square root of a Cubic. 65
Introducbon p. 65. - Table of Integrals p. 68.
250. Integrands Involving the Square root of a Quartic . 95
Introducbon p. 95. - Table of Integrals p. 98.
270. Integrands Involving Miscellaneous Fractional Powers of Polynomials 148
Reduction of Trigonometrie Irrtegrands to Jaeobian Elliptie Functions 162
Reduetion of Hyperbolie Irrtegrands to Jaeobian Elliptie Functions 182
Tables of Integrals of J acobian Elliptic Functions . . . . . . . . 191

310. Recurrence Formulas for the Integrals of the Twelve Jaeobian Elliptic
Funetions. . . . . . . . . . . 191
330. Additional Reeurrence Formulas . . . . . . . 198
360. Integrands Involving Various Combinations of J aeobian Elliptic
Funetions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
390. Integrals of Jacobian Inverse Elliptic Functions 221
Elliptic Integrals of the Third Kind 223

400. Introduction 223
410. Table of Integrals . 224
Complete integrals, p. 225. --- Ineomplete integrals, p. 232.
Table of Miseellaneous Elliptie Integrals Involving Trigonometrie or Hyperbolie

Irrtegrands 240
510. Single Integrals . 240
530. Multiple Integrals 24 5
Elliptic Integrals Resulting from Laplaee Transformations 249
Hyperelliptic Integrals . 252

575. Introducbon 252
576. Table of Integrals 256
Integrals of the Elliptie Integrals 272

610. With Respeet to the Modulus 272
630. With Respect to the Argument 276
Derivatives 282
710. With Respect to the Modulus . 282
Differentiation of the elliptic integrals, p. 282. - Differentiation of
the Jacobian elliptie functions, p. 283.
730. With Respect to the Argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Differentiation of the elliptic integrals, p. 284. -- Differentiation of
the J aeobian elliptic funetions, p. 284. - Differentiation of the
Jaeobian inverse functions, p. 285.
733. With Respect to the Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Differentiation of the normal elliptic integral of the third kind, p. 286.-
Differentiation of other elliptie integrals, p. 287.
Table of Contents. IX
Page
Miscellaneous Integralsand Formulas 288
Expansions in Series . . . . . . . 297
900. Developments of the Elliptic Integrals 297
Complete elliptic integrals of the first and second kind, p. 297. - The
nome, p. 299- - Incomplete elliptic integrals of the first and second
kind, p. 299-- Heuman's function, p. 300.- Jacobian Zeta function,
p. 300. - The elliptic integral of the third kind, p. 301.
907. Developments of Jacobian Elliptic Functions . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Maclaurin's series, p. 302.- Fourier series, p. 303- --Infinite products,
p. 305. - Other developments, p. 306.
Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 7
1030. Weierstrassian Elliptic Functions and Elliptic Integrals . . . . . . 307
Definition, p. 307.- Relation to Jacobian elliptic functions, p. 308.-
Fundamental relations, p. 308. - Derivatives, p. 308. - Special
values, p. 309. - Addition formulas, p. 309. - Relation to Theta
functions, p. 309- ---- Weierstrassian normal elliptic integrals, p. 310. --
Other integrals, p. 311. - Illustrative example, p. 312.
1050. Theta Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Definitions, p. 314.- Special values, p. 315.- Quasi-Addition For-
mulas, p. 316.-- Differential equation, p. 316.- Relation to Jacobian
elliptic functions, p. 317. - Relation to elliptic integrals, p. 317.
1060. Pseudo-elliptic Integrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Definition, p. 319- - Examples, p. 320.
Table of Numerical Values 321
Values of the complete elliptic integrals K and E, and of the nome q
with respect to the modular angle, p. 322. - Values of the complete
elliptic integrals K, K', E, E', and of the nomes q and q' with respect
to k 2, p. 323. - Values of the incomplete elliptic integral of the first
kind, F(q;, k), p. 324. - Values of the incomplete elliptic integral of
the second kind, E(q;, k), p. 330.- Values of the Function KZ(ß, k),
p. 336. - Values of Heuman's function A 0 (ß, k), p. 344.
Bibliography . 351
Index 352
List of Symbolsand Abbreviations.
The following table compriscs a Iist of the principal symbols and abbreviations
used in the handbook. Notations not listed are so well understood that explanation
is unnecessary.
Symbol or Abbreviation Meaning Scction
Parameter of elliptic integral of the thircl

kincl 110
am (u, h) ~ am u Amplitude u 120
am- 1 (y, h) Inverse amplitude y 130
cnu
cdu 120
dnu
cd-1 (y, II) 130
cn (u, h) ~-" cn u Cosine amplitude u; Jacobian elliptic
function 120
cn-1 (y, h) 130
cos - 1 rp Inverse trigonometric function, oftcn
written arc cos rp
cn u
es u 120
sn u
cs- 1 (y, II) 130
dnu
dcu 120
cnu
dc-1 (y, h) 130
dn u Delta amplitude u; Jacobian elliptic
function 120
dn - 1 (y, h) 130
dnu
ds u 120
sn u
ds- 1 (y, h) 130
Roots of polynomial written in Weier-
strassian form 1030
E(rp, h) = E(u) Legendre's incomplete elliptic integral of
the second kind; (rp = am u)
E' (rp, h) = E (rp, h') Associated incomplete elliptic integral of
the second kind
110
E(h) = E == E(n/2, h) Complete elliptic integral of the second kind
E'=E(h') Associated complete elliptic integral of the
second kind
F(rp, k) = u Incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind
List of Symbolsand Abbreviations. XI
Symbol or Abbreviation Meaning 1 Section
L
00
F(a, b; c; z) ~
(a)m
( )
(b)m z m, h ypergeometnc
· ·
senes
900
c mm.1
m=O
00
~ (-1)m
G = .L...J (2 m+ 1)2 ""' 0.91596559, Catalan's
m=O
constant 615
1030
T(z)
~: tr [( + ~-r( 1 + ~rl
m=l
1
z "!= 0, - 1, - 2, ... , Gamma function

Eta functions of Jacobi 1050
L m! T(y~m+ 1) (~Y+2m
00
Iy (z)
=m=o
~ e-ynif 2 ]y(iz), modified Bessel
functions of first kind 560
Im Imaginary part of a complex quantity
00
]y(z) = ~ ~- (=_1_~~-(3_)Y+ 2 m Besscl

-.i...Jm!T(y+m+1) 2 '
m=o
functions of first kind 560
I
iVIodulus of J acobian elliptic functions and \
{; integrals
k' = Vi_:_k2~ Complcmentary modulus
110
K(k) ~K =F(n/2, k) Complete elliptic integral of the first kind
K'o=K(k') Associated completc elliptic integral of the J
first kind
~-~ [EF(q;>, k') + K E(q;, k')- K F(q;, k')],

n
Heuman's Lambda function 150
In z Naturallogarithm of z
1n, n Intcgers, unless otherwise stated
n! = 1.2 ... n; n factorial
nc u 120
cnu
nc 1 (y, k) 130
ndu 120
dnu
nd~ 1 (y, k) 130
nsu 120
snu
ns- 1 (y, k) 130
Ql, Q2, Qa, !24, Q5, Ds 430
XII List of Symbols and Abbreviationso
Symbol or Abbreviation Meaning Section
!J(u) Weierstrassian elliptic function 1030

!I(cp, oc2 , k) == II(u, oc2 ) Legendre's incomplete elliptic integral of }
the third kind; (cp = am u) 110
JI(oc2 , k) = II(n/2, oc 2, k) Complete elliptic integral of the third kind
q == e-:nK'IK, referred to as the nome 1050
1
== -1- /" (1- f2)n (z- 1)-n-1 dt

2n+1. '
-1
R.Po (n + 1) >O, Legendre functions
(spherical harmonics) 560
R.Po Realpart of a complex quantity
a(u) W eierstrassian Sigma function 1030
snu
sdu 120
dnu
sd- 1 (y, k) 130
sin - 1 cp Inverse trigonometric function, often
written arc sin cp
snu Sirre aniplitude u 120
sn- 1 (y, k) 130
snu
tnu == scu cnu
120
tn- 1 (y, k) 130
e.e 1 Jacobi's Theta functions 1050
{}0' {}1' {}2' {}3 Elliptic Theta functions 1050
y Variable limit of integration in all integrals
CO
1J!(z) == ~- _1_ + '\' z , digamma func-

z L.J m(z+m)
m=l
tion; ~ is Euler'snumber""" Oo577215665 900
E
Z(u, k) =Z(u) =Z(ß, k) ==E(u)- ]{ u, Jacobian Zeta function;
(amu =ß) 140
~(u) \V eierstrassian Zeta function 1030
(a)" =a(a+1) .. o(a+n-1), forn=1,2,o·o
(a) 0 = 1, Pochhammer's symbol
(- a)n = a(a- 1) .. (a-n+ 1); ( a)
o = 10
n! 10 20 3. 00n 0
Introduction.
Integrals of the form fR[t, VP(t)] dt, where P(t) is a polynomial
of the third or fourth degree and R is a rational function, have the
simplest algebraic integrands that can lead to nonelementary 1 integrals.
Equivalent integrals occur in trigonometric and other forms, in pure
and applied mathematics. Such integrals are known as elliptic integrals
because a special example of this type arose in the rectification of the
arc of an ellipse. Although some early work on them was done by
FRAGNANO, EuLER, LAGRANGE and LANDEN, they were first treated
systematically by LEGENDRE, who showed that any elliptic integral may
be made to depend on three fundamental integrals which he denoted
by F(rp, k), E(cp, k) and II(cp, n, k). These three integrals are called
Legendre's canonical elliptic integrals of the first, second and third
kind respectively. Legendre's normal forms are not the only standard
forms possible, but they have retained their usefulness for over a century.
The elliptic functions of ABEL, ]ACOBI and WEIERSTRASS are obtained
by the inversion of elliptic integrals of the first kind. As is shown in
Vol. LV of this series 2 , these inverse functions have numerous direct
applications in problems of electrostatics, hydromechanics, aerodynamics
etc. They are also highly useful for evaluating elliptic integrals, which
is the primary concern of this handbook. The more modern theory of
\VEIERSTRASS is sometimes better suited to certain problems, but for
most practical problems J acobian elliptic functions appear in a more
natural way, simplifying the formulas and facilitating numerical evalu-
ation of the results. Thus, for obtaining a comprehensive table of elliptic
integrals we find the older notation of ]ACOBI and LEGENDRE more
convenient. (The Weierstrassian functions are treated briefly in the
Appendix.)
The general plan of the handbook is as follows: The definitions and
other basic information concerning the elliptic integrals and J acobian
1 The nonelementary character of elliptic integrals is briefly demonstrated in
Integration in Finite Terms (Liouville's Theory of Elementary Methods) by J. F.

Ritt, Columbia University Press, New York, 1948, pp. 35-37.
2 F. ÜBERHETTINGER and vV. MAGNUS, Anwendung de1' elliptischen Funktionen
in Physik und Technik. (Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften,

Band LV.) Springer-Verlag, 1949.
Byrd and Friedman, Elliptic Integrals.
2 Introduction.
elliptic functions are given first [Items I 00-199]. Then elliptic integrals
in the various algebraic or trigonometric forms in which they are
encountered in practice are expressed in terms of integrals involving
J acobian elliptic functions [Items 200-299]. These latter functions are
integrated in Items 300-499. Specific reference is made in each
formula of section 200-299 to the applicable formula in the tables
[300-499], in which the Jacobian forms are explicitly integrated. We
have adopted this procedure because in this way it is possible to
give in less space evaluations of a variety of elliptic integrals, par-
ticularlythose leadingto elliptic integrals of thethird kind. The remainder
of the handbook is devoted to auxiliary formulas and related integrals.
In our table of integrals involving algebraic integrands, one of the

limits of integration is usually taken to be a zero of the polynomial
under the radical sign, while the other limit may vary. The use of
these tables, however, is not as restrictive as this may appear, because
it is easy to evaluate integrals in which both limits are variable. Con-
sider, for example, the integral
where a > y > y 1 > b. This integral may be reduced by using either
235.00 or 236.00, since one can write
=j· -j .·
y
=j
y y,
I dt dt =d~t==-~
V(a-t)(t-b)(t-c) V(a-t)(t-b)(t-c) V(a-t)(t~b}(t~c)'
y, b b
or
f
a
J-j dt
V(a-t)(t-b)(t-c)
dt
V(a-t)(t-b)(t-c)
Yt y
As another example, take the integral
with oo > y > y 1 >a. Here I may also be split into two integrals, e.g.,
Hence we may employ 215.00.

Introduction. 3
The above also applies to the table of integrals involving trigono-

metric or hyperbolic integrands.
We give now the following five examples to illustrate in detail how

the handbook may be used for rapid evaluation of elliptic integrals
encountered in geometrical and physical problems.
Example I.
The length of arc of a hyperbola
x2 y2
(1) ------ = 1
(1:2 ß2
measured from the vertex to any point (x, y) is determined by the integral
_vry! ß2+ ß2
y
(2) S- 1
0
~b2
2
a
+ t22dt,
+
t
where
(3) (b < a).
I
From 221.04 and 313.02, it is seen that
J b2 +
y ~
f2 b2 b2 ' u,
---dt=- jnc 2 udu=---[ k 2 u-E(u)+d nutnu] o
(4) o a2 + t2 ao a k'2
= a ~~ 2 [k' 2F(<p, k)- E(q;, k) + tan <p V1- k2 sin q;j,

2
where
k = V(a2- bi)ja2 = lfi2;(~+ß2L
es) {
-
<p - am u1 - sm
- . -1 V+ y2
y2 -
b2 -
. -11
sm
~ ß2) y2
Vß4#2 + ß2)y2 '
.
hence, finally
(6) s- oc +ß [
-v-2-2 ß2
ry_2 +-ß2 F(<p, k) - E(<p, k)
V
+ ßy -(oc2-+ ß2) (ß2 + y2)]
ß4 +(~2-+ß2J y2 .
Example II.
An integral which arises in finding the decrease in lifting pressure
near the tip of a sweptback wing flying at supersonic speed has the form
(7)
1*
4 Introduction.
From 257.39, with a=t1 , b=t0 , c= - t1 , d= -1, m= 1 and p =ßYfX,

we obtain (noting that the integral is complete)
(8) I-
-
2
(p- a) V<a- c) (b- d)
J
0
K 1(b-a)
- - sn2u
b- d
1- (p- d) (a-b) sn2u
(a- p) (b- d)
du
'
where
k2 _ (a-b) (c- d) _ (t1 - t0 } (1- t 1}
(9) - -(a- c) (b- d) - ----ztJt;;-+1)-- ·
l
Since 1 > (p- d) ((a-b}) > k2 , we use 413.06. Equation (8) thus becomes
(a- p) b- d
I= 2K _ -----~.-1__o_({._fi)~~~-
(P- d} V<a- c)(b- d) V<a =fi!(p- d} Tb--=-pf (p- c)
(10) 2XK nX2 A 0 (,;,k)
+
-(ß_Y_+_X_l_V--:--2 (t0 -1 )t1 - V(X 2 t~ - ß2 Y2) (x ß Y) (X t0 - ß Y) + '
where
(11) (ß Y + t X) (t + 1)
1 0
(ß Y + X) (to + tl)
and A 0 (~, k) is defined in 150.
E xample II I.
l
To obtain the gravitational potential V of a homogeneaus solid
ellipsoid at the exterior point (X, Y, Z), one is led to the integral
(12)
V= 'Jl e IX ßy Joo(
y,
1-
X2
+
oc2 t - ß2
y2
+t - y2z2+ t ) X
dt
X V(oc2 + t) (ß2 + t) (y2 + -t)
where e is the density and y1 is the largest root of
(13) ~+·· _Y_2___+-~2--=1, (rx.2>ß2>y2).
OC2 + Y1 ß2 + Y1 ?'2 + Y1
Equation (12) thus involves the evaluation of four integrals of the form
00
(14)
where a = -y2, b =- ß 2, c = -rx.2, (y1 > a > b > c) and R(t) isarational
function of t. From 238.00 we have immediately
Introduction. 5
V-- v----
l V-- v-----
where
-
rp- -
amui- . -I
sm --- ---
a- c -
Yt- c
. -I
sm
Yt
- y2
--rx.2 --
+-
rt.2 '
(16)
b- c rx.2- ß2
k= --= ----
a- c rx.Z- yz.
With m = 1, one obtains next, from 238.03 and 310.02,
J(t=~)V(t~~(T- b)-~ __:'0 --tv~~ Jsn2u du

00 ~
= (a-
~ 0
(17) 2 [u- E(u)]~·

k 2 (a-c)Va-c
2 [u1 - E(am u~ll 3-_[F(p_,_li)_=E(cp,lj!J
k2 (a - c) Va- c k2 (a- c) v~-~
From 238.04 and 318.02 it is readily seen that
f
00 ~
=- ---~---Jsd 2 udu
y,
(t- b) V(t- a)(t- b) (t -c)
dt _ _
(a- c) Va-__:_~
0
(18) _- 2 ---- -- [E(ul ) _ k' 2 ul _ k2 snu1 cnu1 ]

k 2 k' 2 (a-c)Va-~ dnul
= 2 _ [E(rp, k)- k' 2 F(rp, k)- k2 - siil{J?~os_cp_],

k 2 k' 2 (a- c) Va- c V1- k2sin2 'P
and with 238.05 and 316.0Z that
(19)
where k andrp are given by (16). We finally have, making use of (15)-(19),
(20)
2+
l'__Yt
+ [ ß2 - yz
ß2+
ß2 - yz
v---2_ _
Y2 - _ _Yt_ Z2 1 - - - -- rx. - y
2_ _ _ _ }
(rx.z + Yt) (ß2 + Yt) (yz + Yt) .
6 Introduction.
ExampleiV.
An integral which occurs in finding the spanwise distribution of
circulation on a slender wing mounted on a cylindrical body is
(21)
or
Using 216.06 and 216.09, we may at once write (22) as
(23) J= a [j'dc 2 udu- k 2 lcd 2 udu],

where
(24)
The two elliptic integrals in (23) are evaluated by employing 321.02 and
320.02. We then have
(25)
or, applying (24),

(26)
The final evaluation thus involves only elementary functions.

Integral (21) is an example of an elementary integral which has
all the appearance of being elliptic. That this would lead to elementary
functions, however, could have been shown in another way. For, if we
substitute t 2ja 2 = t1 , it may be written
(27)
where
ß4
a 4/ß 4
2 (1.4 t 2 -
k1 = and R(t1 ) = -'- - .
2(1. ß2 tl
Equation (27) now has the form of 1060.05 and satisfies the relation
R(t1 ) +R(1/kit1 ) = o;
hence it is pseudo-elliptic.
Introduction. 7
Example V.
In considering the motion of a simple pendulum whose angular
displacement from the position of stable equilibrum is q;, one is led to
an integral of the type
(28)
where a and b are certain constants which depend on the acceleration

of gravity, on the value of d q;/d t at q; = 0, and on the length of the
pendulum. There are three different types of motion according as
a >b, a<b, or a=b:
If a > b > 0, one employs 289.00 and obtains immediately
(29)
where k 2 = 2bj(a + b).
When b >a >0, we have from 290.00
(30) t = 112
/ b F(c, k)
where k 2 =(a-t-b)j2b, and 8=Sin- 1 vb(l~--t-C~(j?l.

Finally, if a = b, there results from either 289.00 or 290.00
(31) l=y;~F(~.1),
which, upon using 111.04, reduces to
t = -... 1- - ln ( tan 'P + sec 'P_)' .

}2a 2 2
Definitions and Fundamental Relations.
Elliptic Integrals.
Definitions.
The integral1
II 0. 0 I
is called an elliptic integral if the equation
(a 0 and a1 not both zero),
has no multiple roots and if R isarational function oft and of the square
root Vao t4 + a 1 t3 + a 2 t2 + a3 (+ a 4 •
The Three Canonical Forms of the Elliptic Integrals.

It is always possible to express II 0.01 linearly in terms of element-
ary functions 2 and of the following three fundamental integrals:
The normal elliptic integral of the first kind:
II 0.02
=]'du= u 1 == sn-1 (y, k) = F(rp, k)
0
[y = sin rp; rp = amu1 ] .
The normal elliptic integral of the second kind:
II 0.03
1 There are special cases of integrals in this formthat can be expressed in terms
of a finite number of elementary functions. Such integrals are said to be pscudo-

elliptic (see I 060).
2 Elementary functions are algebraic, trigonometric, inverse trigonomctric,
logarithmic and exponential functions.

Elliptic Integrals. 9
The normal elliptic integral of the third kind 1 :
J -=.- : t:n.o-;;-
u,
= 1 2 =Il (u1 , 1X2) == II (am u 1 , IX 2, k) c=Il (cp, IX 2 , k)

0
The second form of each of the above integrals is written in Legen-

dre' s notation, while the first and third forms are in Jacobi' s notation.
In their algebraic forms, these three standard integrals possess the
following important properties: The first is finite for all real or com-
plex values of y, including infinity; the second has a simple pole of
order 1 for y = =; and the third is logarithmically infinite for y 2 = 1/1X2.
The Modulus.
The number k is called the modulus. This number may take any
real or imaginary value in theoretical investigations. In applications to
engineering and physics, however, transformations are generally em-
ployed to make O<k<1 (cf. 160 and 162).
The Complementary Modulus.

The number k' is referred to as the complementary modulus and is
related to k by
11o.os k'=V1-k 2 •
The Argument.
The variable limit y or cp in 110.02-110.04 is the argument of the
normal elliptic integrals. The argument may of course be either real
or complex, but it is usually understood that 0 < y ~ 1 or 0 < cp ~ n/2.
Complete Elliptic Integrals.

When y=1, the integrals 110.02-110.04 are said tobe complete. In
that case, one writes:
J
J(
110.06 = du =F(n/2, k)- K(k) == K,

0
1 In the definition of ll (rp, ()( 2 , k) some authors write +

n in the integrand,
while we find it convenient to write - (()(2 ) with - =< ()( 2 < +
= (except in the
special cases when ()(2 = k2, ()(2 = 1. or when the parameter ()(2 is complex).
10 Definitions and Fundamental Relations.
JV1- k
:rr/2 K
110.07 2 sin 2 OdD = J dn 2 u du= E (n/2, k) == E (k) = E,
0 0
:rr~ K
If ( f
df} du
110.08
0
1- cx 2 sin2 {}) V1 - k2 sin2 {} =
0
1 - cx 2 sn2 u
=ll(n/2,CJ.2 ,k) =ll(CJ.2,k),
Associated Complete Elliptic Integrals.

K' (k) == K(k') = K',
110.09 {
E' (k) == E (k') -- E'.
Legendre's Relation.
110.10 E K' + E' K- K K' = n/2, [cf. 531.12].
l
Special Values.
E(O,k)=O,
111.00 F(o,k) = o,
ll(O,CJ. 2 ,k) =0.
( E(rp, o) =rp,
I F(cp, o) =cp,
ll(cp,C1. 2 ,0)=rp, if C/.. 2 =0;
111.01 _ tan-1 {t1_:_-o:2 tantp)
- - -- V1 _:_ ~2 - - - -
1 tanh-1 (VtX2-.=- i tan tp) .

l > 1.
2
= -- - ·· ·,c-.cc_·· _-- - -·--, If Cl.
Vcx.2- 1
K(O) = K' (1) = n/2,

111.02 {
l
E(O) =E'(1) =n/2.
F(sin-1 fi±J?' k) = ~,
111.03
E(sin-1 1 ,k)= 1-[E+(1-k')].
v11 + k' 2
( E (cp, 1) = sin rp,

I + seccp),
V--- l
F(cp, 1) = ln (tanrp
l
111.04
ln (tanrp + seccp)- CJ.ln 1:1-t tX sinq;
{
ll(rp, CJ., 1) 2
= ----
1 - 0:2
1[
c -
1- 0: SIU tp '
[C1.2=f=1].
E(n/2,1)=E(1)=E'(O) =1,
111.05 { F(n/2,1) =K(1) =K'(O) =oo,
l
II(n/2,rx 2 , 1) =Il(rx2, 1) =oo.
Il(rp,O,k) =F(rp,k),
111.06 II(rp, 1, k) = [k' 2F(rp, k)- E (rp, k) + tan q;V1 =-k2S1n2q; ]/k'2,
Il(q;,k 2 , k) = [E (rp, k)- k2sin rp cos T/V1 - k2sin2q; ]/k'2.
F(irp, 0) = iF(-&, 1) = i ln (tan-& +sec-&)= irp, [sinhq; = tan -&]
111.07 { E(irp, 0) = i ln (tan-& +sec{}) = irp,
II(irp, rx2 , 0) = i [ln (tan {}+sec{})- rx 2 Il({}, 1 - rx 2 , 1)]/(1 -rx 2 ).
F (irp, 1) = i{} = 2 tan -1 e'~'- n/2, [sinhq; = tan {}]
111.08 { E (i rp, 1) = i tan {} = i sinh rp = sin i rp ,
II(iq;,rx 2 ,1) =i[{}-rx2 Il({},1-rx 2 ,0)J/(1-rx2 ).
F [sin-1 (1/k), k] = F [n/2 + i cosh-1 (1/k), k] =K + i K',
111.09 {
E [sin-1 (1/k), k] = E + i (K'- E').
K' = K, when k= V2/2,
11l.l0 { K' = V2K k= V2-
1'
K' = 2K k = 3 - 2 V2-,
;'"~ !0;~V' 2 I
lll.l1
1 E'=
12K
~-1~ + V+!?K'.
3 k' K ' when!?=(VJ-1)/2V2.
Limiting V alues.
112.01 Lim (K-In -4,-) = 0.
k-->1 k
ll2.02 Lim ~- =- _E = Lim !!. =- _k~2-I<_ = n/ 4.

k--.0 k2 k--->0 k2
ll2.03 Lim (E- K) K' = 0.

k--.0
-(nK'fK) -(nK 1K')
112.04 * Lim-e----=Lim~---· --=1/16.
k--.0 k2 k-->1 k' 2
112.05 Lim E(q;c ~)_ = Lim _F(cp,k) = Lim IJ(rp, a. 2 , k) = 1.

<p-+0 sinq; <p-+0 sinq; <P-+0 sinq;
* Thc term e-(nK'fK)' referred to as the nome q, appears in the evaluation of
Theta functions (see Appendix). This function is tabulated in Smithsonian Elliptic
Functions Tables (Smithson. Mise. Coll., v. 109), Washington 1947, by G. W.
Spenceley and R. M. Spenceley. A shorter tabulation appears herein the Appendix.
Extension of the Range of q; and k.

The functions E(q;, k) and F(q;, k) are tabulated 1 for the range
0 :S: q; :S: n/2 and 0;;;;;: k;;;;;: 1. In computing for other values of q;, use can
=
be made of the following relationships:
113.0 I { E(=q;, k): E(q;, k),

F ( q;, k) - F (rp, k).
E(mn ±rp, k) = 2mE ± E(rp, k),
113.02 {
F(mn±q;,k) = 2mK ±F(q;,k).
Values of E (rp, k) andF (q;, k) may be obtained for k > 1 by employing
formulas (see 162.01) for the reciprocal modulus transformation:
ll4.0l { E(rp,k) =kl[k2E(q;l,kl) +k'2F(q;l,kl)],
F (rp, k) = k1 F (q;1 , k1),
where
kl = 1/k,
Imaginary Modulus.
See 160.02.
Complex Argument.
(F(if±irp,k) =F(ß,k) ±iF(A,k'),
j E (ß ± i rp, k) = [E ( ß' k) + 1<_2~irlß_c~s_ß_s~n2 A_V1--:- k2-sfn2ß ] ±

cos2A +k2sm2ßsm2A .
IIS.Ol
I ± i [F (A, k') - E (A, k') +
l (1 - k2 sin2 ß) sin A cos A V1=--t12-sifi2A]
+ cos2 A + k2 sin2 ß sin2 A '
where
. sin ß V1·=--fi7 2-Sffl2A
coshq; sm ß = -cos2 X+ .J>2 sin2-ß-sin 2 A '
. cos ßcos A sin A V1-=--k2 sill2-ß

cosß smhq; = -- - . --·- ---------------- -
cos 2 A +
k 2 sin 2 ßsin2 A
In the special case when sin 1p = sin (fJ + i q;) > 1:
f F('lfJ,k) =K +iF(A,k'),
115.02
l E ('lfJ, k) = + i [F (A, k') - E (A, k') + ;,1~~~~ :i:;-~],
E
where
1.
1<sin'lfJ;;;;;:1jk, A =sin_ ;sm'll'-:. 1 . 1
2
k' sin 1p
1 For a 10-place tabulation, sec K. Pearson's Tables of the Complete and In-
complete Elliptic Integrals (reissued from Tome II of Legendre's "Traite des Fonc-
tions Elliptiques") London 1934; and for a short 6-place table, see Appendix here.
115.03 {
F (1p, k) = F (ß, k) + i K',
E(1p, k) = E(ß,k) + cotß V1- k 2 sin 2ß + i (K'- E'),
where
1/k ;;;:;:sin1p< =, ß=sin-1 (1/k).
Addition Formulas.
116 _01 { E(ff,k) ±E(ß,k) =E(rp,k) ±k 2 sinffsinßsinrp,

F(ff,k) ±F(ß,k) =F(rp,k),
where
or
116.02
116.03
1
11({}, Cl. 2, k) ± ll(ß. 'Cl. 2, k)
X tanh _1 l.
ll(rp, C/. 2_. k_')
=
sin & sin ßsin_'P}~2 (~2---_ ~)j~2 _ k2)

k-2) X
±.
1
Y_ (~2_·~-~-1~;~_2-
l1 -· ~2 sin 2'P + ~ 2 sin & sin ß cos 'P V1 - k2 sin2 'P j '
if 0 < Cl. 2 < k 2 < 1 or Cl. 2 > 1, and rp is as given in 116.01.
Special Addition Formulas.
117.01 ! F(ff,k) +F(ß,k) ==K,
E({}, k) +E(ß, k) = E + k2 sintl sinß.

ifcotß=k'tan{}
( 11(C1.2, k) +11(k2 jCI. 2, k). = K +~V (1- ~2)~:2- k2) '

J if 0 < k 2 < Cl. 2 < 1 or 0 < - Cl. 2 < oo ,
117.02
ll(rp, Cl. 2 , k) +ll(rp, k 2/CI. 2 , k)
l- -1
!.
(1 - ~2) (~2 - k2)
·-··-----·~--
+ ~~2)(~2-:::::k2)tan
~2
-F(rp,k) v-tX"2(1-k2sin2'P) tanrp.
14 Definitionsand Fundamental Relations.
(1 - a.2) (k2 - a.2) Il(a.2, k) + a.2 k' 2IJ[(a.2 - k2) /( 1 - a.2)' k]

=k 2( 1- a.2) K,
+ a.2 k'2 IJ[(a.2 _ k2)/(1 -a.2), k]

(1 -a.2) (k2 -a.2) IJ(rp, a.2, k)
117.03
= k2(1-a.2)F(rp, k) + V(1-a.2) (a.2- k2) a.2 X
X tan -l [1VTt=k2sin2tp){1-()(2)()(2
f ()(2 - k2 ·- sin
f{J
cos ]
f{J'
[0< k 2 < a. 2 < 1 or 0< -a.2 < oo].
(a. 2 - 1) K' II(a. 2, k) + a.2 K Il[k' 2f(a. 2 - 1), k'] +

+ (1-a.2) K K' = -~ v()(~~~~at) F(ß, k'),
(1- a. 2) (k 2 -a.2) (K'- E')Il(a.2, k) +

117.04 + a.2 (a.2- k2) E Il[k'2/(a.2- 1), k'] +
+ (k2 -a.2) (a.2- 1) E K' = !!_
2
[F(ß, k')-
- E (ß, k')] Va. 2(;2- 1) (kZ- a.2) + :n; k2(a.2 - 1)/2'

[o< -a.2< oo, ß = sin-1 Va.2f(a.2- k2)].
f (a.2 - 1) K' II(a. 2, k) + a.2 K Il[k' 2f(a. 2 - 1), k'] +

+(1-a.)KK
2
--z v()(2(1
, - :n; -=-ä.2)
---k2 -:.._()(2 F(ß,k),
117.05
(a. 2 - 1) (K'- E') II(a. 2, k) + a.2 E Il[k' 2f(a.2 - 1), k'] +
+ (1 -a.2) E K' = i [1 -a.2 + Va.2 (1 -a.2)f(k2 -a.2) E (ß, k)],
[O<a. 2 <k 2 <1, ß=sin-1 {a./k)].
(k2 -a.2) K' Il(a. 2, k) + k 2Kll[(k 2 -a.2)/a.2, k']- k2KK'

= -~ ()(B(k2- ()(2) F(ß k')
2 ot2 - 1 ' '
117.06 (k 2 -a.2) E' Il(a. 2, k) + k 2 (K- E) {IJ[(k2- a.2)/a.2 , k']- K'}

n or.s (k2 _ a.s) E (ß k')
2 or.2 - 1 ' '
0 < k2 < a.2 < 1, ß= sin -1 Va.;2~,~ ]2 .

Differential Equations.
Elliptic integrals of the first kind and second kind satisfy the linear
differential equations
d~: + (1- 3k d~ F(rp •.. k)- kF(rp, k)

jr k k' 2 F(rp, k) 2)
v1-
_ k sin rp cos rp_ __
118.0 I
- (1- k 2 sin 2 rp) k 2 sin2rp'
I~ k k' 2 d2
dk 2
E ( k)
rp,
+ k' 2 d_ E ( k)
dk rp,
+ k E (rp, k) = -~-Sill rp
v1-k2sin2-g;'
COSj?_
l
If rp = n/2, the above equations reduce to
k k' 2 d• ](..
dk 2
+ (1 - 3k2) riK
dk
- kK = 0
'
118.02
k k' 2 d2 E
dk 2
+ k' 2 dE
dk
+kE = 0
'
which are special cases of the hypergeometric differential equation. The

complete elliptic integrals E, K, E', and K' can thus be expressed as
hypergeometric functions:
K = ~F(1/2, 1/2; 1; k 2), K' = :n-F(1/2 1/2'1· k'2)

2 ' ' ' J
E = -i-F(-1/2, 1/2; 1; k 2 ), E' = :n F (- 1/2, 1/2; 1; k' 2 ).

2
Legendre's normal elliptic integral of the third kind II(rp, a 2 , k)

satisfies the differential equation
118.03 l k2 k'2 (k2- a2)
+
~f{ + k (a2 + 4k 2 + 3 a
(2k2- a2- 13 k4) ~!1__- 3 k3 II = -_1_~ smrp cosqJ
ok v(1-k2sin2rp) 0
2 k2 - 8k 4 l ~~·::- +
.
The right side of this equation vanishes when rp = n/2, thereby yielding
a differential equation satisfied by the complete elliptic integral of the
third kind II(n/2, a 2 , k).
Other Auxiliary Formulas.

Derivatives of Elliptic Integrals.
See 710, 730, and 733, 734.
Expansions in Series.
See 900 to 906.
Transformation Formulas.
See 160 to 165.
Integrals.
See 610 and 630.
Sketches of E(tp,k),F(tp,k),E(k) and K(k).

The following graphs show the incomplete elliptic integrals of the
first and second kind plotted as functions of the amplitude tp and the
modular angle sin -l k, and the complete integrals E (k) and K(k) plotted
agairrst k2 . (These sketches should not be used to obtain values of the
functions.)
)7.0
::?
~
~0.5~------~~----~------~
tp=O'
0 JO' 60' 90' 60° 90°
sin- 1 k - tp-
Fig.1. Fig.2.
V
2. 0
1.5 - rp=;;;..-
-
L----
f,--
rp=60'
rp=JO'
0.5
rp=O'
0 30° 60' 90' 30' 60' 90'
sin- 1 k - rp-
Fig. 3. Fig. 4.
1
1.60
I
~I ! I
!
I I i
1.50 J.S
t 1.q0 J- ~~
i
' ;
I
I I
I I
---._J.JO
I ~~ r
i 7
"' i'--- I 7
<J 1.20
"" ' I i/
""'.I~ /
! I
7.10
!
2.0 I i
1 1.8
1.00 1.6
I
i
o 0.1 0.2 OJ o.q o.s 06 01 a8 a9 1.0 0 0.7 0.2 O.J M 0.5 0.6 0. 7 0.8 0.9 1.0
k2- 1(2-
Fig. 5. Fig. 6.
Conformal Mappings.
Some conformal mapping properties of the elliptic integrals are
illustrated in the following sketches.
Mapping of the half-plane Im(z) >0 onto a reetangle in the C-plane:
119.0 I z = snC.
zT,
--+--L,=i
t:;-plane
0
-1/k
D
:
A
:
-7
8
:
1
c
~
7/k
fJ.4
Fig. 7.
Mapping of the function
119.02 ·- r1
(, =
.
0
z
1- z
- 2zf- d zl = E (z, k) :
! 1 - -k2
I-
1
?;-plane
Z-plane
0 A 8 c
-1/k -1 1/k
Fig. 8,
Byrd and Friedman, Elliptic Integrals. 2
Mapping of two horizontal lines onto two vertical lines:
119.03
t = ~ [E (k) - (1 - k 2 a 2 ) K(k)],
k
2-plone
A 8 C D E F
-7/k -a -1 1 a 1/k
~- ~ t ____ _:
Fig. 9.
where
and a is determined for given k by the relation
a2 = E(k') k' = v1- k2.

k 2 K(k') '
Jacobian Elliptic Functions.

Definitions.
Insteaci of considering the elliptic integral
120.01
as the primary object of study, ABEL and jACOBI reversed the problern
and investigated the inversion of this integral. Inverse functions 1 may
thus be defined by y1 =sintp=sn(u, k) and tp=am(u, k), or briefly
y1 = sn u, tp = am u when it is not necessary to emphasize the modulus;
these may be read sine amplitude u and amplitude u.
The function sn u is an odd elliptic function of order two. It possesses
a simple pole of residue 1/k at every point congruent to iK' (mod 4K,
1 This has an analogy with trigonometric functions. The singly-periodic
function y = sin u, for example, defines the inversion of the integral
y
U= fv/~t2' [y;;;:;:1].
0
J acobian Elliptic Functions. 19
2iK') and a simple pole of residue- 1/k at points congruent to 2K + iK'

(mod 4K, 2iK').
Two otherfunctions can then be defined by cn (u, k) = V1- y~ = coscp,
dn(u,k)=V1-kay~=L1cp=V1-k 2 sin 2 cp, requiring that sn(O,k)=O,
cn (0, k) = 1 and dn (0, k) = 1. The function cn u is an even function
of order two. It has simple poles at every point congruent to iK' and
2K + iK' (mod 4K, 2K + 2iK') with residues - ijk, ijk respectively.
We note also that dn u is an even elliptic function of order two, having
singular points congruent to iK' or 3iK' (mod 2K, 4iK'). Thesepoints
are simple poles of residue - i and i respectively.
The functions sn u, cn u, and .dn u are called Jacobian elliptic
functions 1 and are one-valued functions of the argument u. These
functions, like the trigonometric functions, have a real period, and,
like the hyperbolic functions, have an imaginary period. They are
thus doubly periodic 2 , having the periods (4K, 2i K'), (4K, 2K +2i K')
and (2K, 4iK') respectively. The modulus is denoted by the number k
and the complementary modulus by k' = V1- k 2 •
The quotients and reciprocals of sn u, cn u and dn u are designated
in Glaisher' s notation by
nsu == --·
1
sn u '
tnu = scu == ~- ·
cnu '
sdu= snu.
dnu'
1 1 cnu cdu = cnu .
120.02 neu=---· ---csu=--·
cnu' tnu snu' dnu'
ndu-- 1 - · dsu = dnu. dcu = dnu.

dnu' sn u ' cnu'
We thus have, in all, twelve Jacobian elliptic functions 3 • These

functions have many direct applications in physical problems but are
of interest to us principally for the purpose of evaluating elliptic integrals.
The most important properties of the functions are summarized by the
formulas given in the remainder of this section.
1 The best tabulation of sn u, cn u and dn u appears in G. W. Spenceley and
R. M. Spenceley's Smithsonian EUiptic Functions Tables (Smithson. Mise. Coll.,
v. 109) Washington, 1947.
2 The J acobian elliptic functions sn u, cn u, dn u are of course only special
cases of a more general dass of functions which possess similar properties. If
2w and 2w' are any two numbers whose ratio w'fw is not purely real, then any
function I (u), which is analytic except at poles and which has no singularities
other than poles for any finite value of u, is called an elliptic lunction if the doubly-
periodic relation
l(u + 2W) = l(u + 2w') = l(u)
is satisfied for all values of u for which I (u) is defined.
3 For an attractive and unique treatment of these functions, exhibiting them
as functions constructed on a canonical lattice, see J acobian Elliptic Functions

by E. H. NEVILLE, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1951.
2*
l
Fundamental Relations.
V1
r dn u = Lltp = -k2sin2tp.
sn 2 u + cn 2 u = 1,
I
u = am-1 (tp, k)
+
l
k2 sn 2 u dn 2u = 1,
121.00 121.01 ~ f<p d{}
dn 2 u- k2 cn 2 u = k' 2 = ---;r:a:=F(tp,k),
+
k' 2 sn 2 ~f cn 2u = dn,2u.
l
am: == am(u,k) =tp.
-1:;;;:snu:S:::1, [u real]
-1:;;:;: cnu:;;:;: 1,
121.02
k':;;:;: dnu:;;:;: 1,
(l
- oo < tn u < oo.
Special V alues.
am (- u)
sn (-u)
=-
=-
am~t.
snu, j amO=O,
sn 0 = 0,
cnO = 1,
l
122.00 cn (- u) = cnu, 122.01
dn (- u) = dnu, dn0=1,
tn (- u) = - tn u. tno = o.
am (u +K)
amK =n/2, =tan-1 (k'tnu) +n/2,
snK = 1, sn (u +K)
122.02 cnK = 0, 122.03 ~ = cdu = sn (K-u),
cn (~t + K) = - k' sd u,
dnK=k',
tnK = oo.
Idn (u +K) = k'ndu,
ltn (u + K) = - (csu)fk'.
( am(u +3K)
am (u + 2K) =n + amu,
sn (u +2K) = -- snu, I =3n/2-j-tan-1 (k'tnu),
sn (u +
3K) = - cd u,
+
l
122.04 cn (u 2K) = - cn u, 122.05
~ cn (u 3K) = k' sd u,
+
dn (u +2K) = dnu,
dn (u + 3 K) = k' nd u,
tn (u + 2K) = tnu.
tn (u + 3K) = - (csu)jk'.
j am (u + 4K) = 2n + am u,
sn (u + 4K) = sn u,
cn (u + 4K) =' cn u, 122.07 {
sn (u + i K') = (ns u)jk,
cn(u-j-iK') = -i(dsu)jk,
l
122.06
dn(u +iK') = -icsu,
dn (u + 4K) = dn u,
tn (u +iK') = indu.
tn (u + 4K) =--= tn u.
Jacobian Elliptic Functions. 21
sn (u, 0) = sin u, sn (u, 1) = tanhu,

122 .08 1 cn (u, 0) : cos u,
dn (u, 0)- 1,
122 .09 1 cn (u, 1) = sech~t,
dn (u, 1) = sechu,
tn (u, 0) = tan u. tn (u, 1) = sinhu.
sn (K/2) = 1/V1+/i', sn (iK'/2) =i/~Vk-_,~

f
cn (K/2) = Vk'/(1 + k'), 1cn (iK'/2) = V(1 + k)fk,
122.10
1 dn (K/2) = Vk',
122.11
l dn (iK'/2) = flTI,
tn (K/2) = 1 flfk'. tn (i K'/2) = ifV1 + k.
rl sn(3K/2)=1/V1+k ', rl sn(3iK'/2l=-iffi? ,
lf(1 -t-k)!k,
l
J cn (3K/2) = - ykW-+ k'), J cn (3 iK' /2) ==-
l
122.12 ) 122.13)
dn (3K/2) = lfk', dn(3iK'/2) =- V1+k,
tn (3K/2) = -1/VF tn(3iK'/2) = ifV1 +k.
sn (K/2 + i K' /2) = (flTI + i V1::___ k )/V2k,

122 .1 4 cn (K/2 + i K'/2) = (1 - i) Vk'/2k,
dn (K/2 + i K'/2) = (V1 + k' - i V1 - k') Vk'/2,
tn (K/2 + i K'/2) = (flTI + i v1- k)/(1- i) Vk'-.
l
f
J
sn (K/2 + i K') = 1/Vi=--71,
cn (K/2 + i K') = - i Vk' /(1 - k'),
l
122.15 )
dn(K/2 +iK') =- iVk',
tn (K/2 + i K') = i flfk'.
f sn (K/2 + 3i K'/2) = V(k~ i k')jk,
122 . 16 ~ cn (K/2 + 3iK'j2) = - Vik'/k,
I dn(K/2 +3iK'/2) =VJi'(k'+ik),
t tn (K/2 + 3i K'/2) = - V(k- i k')/i k'.
rl sn(3K/2 +3iK'/2l =V(k +~~'fik,
122 . 17 \ cn (3K/2 + 3iK'/2) =V- i k'fk,

dn(3K/2 + 3iK'/2) = - yk'(k'=tk),
tn (3K/2 + 3i K'/2) = V(k+ i k')/(- i k').
l
sn (u +K +iK') = (dcu)jk,
cn (u + K + i K') = - i (k' nc u)jk,
122.18
dn(~t +K +iK') = ik'tnu,
tn (u +K + iK') = i (dnu)jk'.
f
am(u +2iK') =n+amu,
sn(u +2iK') = snu,
i am (u +4iK') = amu,
sn (u + 4i K') = sn u,
1
122.19 cn(u+2iK')=-cn u, 122.20 cn(u+4iK')=cnu ,
dn(u +2iK') = - dnu, dn (u + 4iK') = dntt,
tn(u+2iK')=-tn u. ~ tn(u+4iK')=tnu .
l
In the following m and n are integers including zero.
sn (2mK + 2inK') = 0,
cn [(2m+ 1) K + 2i nK'] = 0,
122.21
dn [(2m+ 1) K + (2n + 1) iK'] = 0,
+
l
tn (2mK 2i nK') = 0.
sn [2mK + (2n + 1) iK'] = =,

cn [2mK + (2n + 1) iK'] = =,
122.22
dn [2mK +(2n +1) iK'] = =,
l
tn [(2m+ 1) K + 2i nK'] = =·
sn [(2m -1) K +2inK' +uJ = (-1)m+lcdu,

cn [(2m- 1) K + 2i nK' + u] = (- 1)m+n k' sdu,
122.23
dn [(2m- 1) K + 2i n K' + u] = (- 1t k' nd u,
l
tn [(2m -1)K +2inK' +ul = ( - W+l(csu)jk'.
sn [(2m -1)K + (2n + 1)iK' +uJ = (-1)m+l(dcu)jk,

cn [(2m- 1) K + (2n + 1) i K' + u] = (- 1)m+n (i k' nc u)fk
122.24
dn [(2m- 1) K + (2n + 1) i K' + u] = (- 1)ni k' tnu,
tu [(2m -1)K + (2n + 1)iK' +zt] = (-1ti (dnu)fk'.
fl am(u+2mK+2in K')=(m+n)n+(- 1)mamu,

sn(u +2mK +2inK') = (-1)msnu,
+2mK + 2inK') = (- 1)m+ncnu,
1
122.25 cn (u
dn (u +2mK + 2inK') = (- Wdnu,
tn (u + 2mK + 2inK') = (- 1ttnu.
Addition Formulas.
( am (~t ± v) = tan-1 (tn u dn v) ± tan-1 (tn v dn u),
I [sn u cn v dn v ± sn v cn u dn ~~]I (1- k2sn 2u sn 2v) ,
j
sn (u ± v) =
123.0 I cn (u ± v) = [cn u cn v =f sn u sn v dn u dn v] 1 - k2sn 2u sn 2 v) , I(
dn (u ± v) = [dn udn v=fk 2snusn vcmtcn v Jl(1-k 2 sn 2 usn2v),
l
tn (u ± v) = I(
[tn u dn v ± tn v dn u J 1 =f tn u dn v tn v dn u) .
sn (tt + v) + sn (u- v) = 2snucnvdnvl(1- k2 sn 2 usn 2 v),

cn (u + v) + cn (u- v) = 2 cn u cn vl(1 - k2 sn 2u sn 2 v),
123.02
dn (u +v) +dn (u- v) = 2dnudnvl(1- k2 sn 21tsn 2v),
l
tn (u + v) + tn (u- v) = 2 tnunc v dc vl(1- k' 2 tn 2 u tn 2v).
sn (u+v)-sn (u-v) = 2 sn v cn u dn ul(1- k2 sn 2 u sn 2v),

cn (u+v)-cn(u-v) =-2snu sn v dnu dn vl(1-k 2 sn 2u sn 2v),
123.03
dn (u+v) -dn(u-v) = -2k 2 sn usn vcmtcn vl(1-k 2sn 2 usn 2v),
l
tn (tt+v)-tn (u-v) = 2 tn v nc u dc ul(1 - k' 2 tn 2 u tn 2 v).
sn (u+ v) · sn (u-v) = (sn 2u-sn 2 v) 1(1- k2 sn 2u sn 2 v),

cn (u+ v) · cn (u-v) = (cn 2 u-sn 2 v dn 2 u) I( 1-k2 sn 2 u sn 2 v),
123.04
dn (u+ v) · dn(u-v) = (dn 2 u-k 2 cn 2u sn 2 v) 1(1-k2sn 2 u sn 2 v),
tn (u+ v) · tn (u-v) = (sn 2 u- sn 2 v) l(cn 2 u- sn 2 v dn 2 u).
I
f sn (u ± v) · cn (u =f v)
= [sn u cn u dn v ± sn v cn v dn u] 1 - k2 sn 2 u sn 2 v) , I(
~ sn(u±v) ·dn(u=fv)
123.05
= [snudnucnv±snvdnvcnuJI(1-k 2 sn 2 ttsn 2 v),
I cn (u ± v) · dn (n =f v)
l = [ cn tt dn u cn v dn v =f k' 2sn u sn v] 1 - k 2 sn 2 u sn 2 v) . I(
I sn u ±
cn u + cn V
sn v = 2~11j
1 -___(t{k2 v-) c-n(ut +
__±_sn2 -~ (u_I v)_<in-
v) __
sn 2 (u- =f=__ll)_ '
(-u v)
-~
+ v) cn -~ (u.=-_v) __ _
-_§_-_-
l
2 cn_t (u_
= __
123.06
~ 1- k2 sn2 ~- (u + v) sn2 -~- (u- v) '
dn u + dn V = _ _
2 ~n t(~_± v) dn t (u- v)
1 - k 2 sn 2 -!, (u + v) sn2 ~ (u- v) '
tn u ± tn V 2 nc u n_~n_} (u_::_t_v) dn t_(t{, =F v) cn }_(tt:t:__ll_)_ •
l
=
1 - k 2 sn 2 } (u +
v) sn2 t (u- v)
cn 14- _ cn V = 2 sn i,(u + v) sn} (1{_.::-__ll)_<i_n ~- (u_±_v)_dn t (u- _?Jl_

1 - k2 sn2 t (u + v) sn 2 t (u- v) '
123.07
dn U _ dn V= 2k 2 sn}(u + v)snt_(v-u) dn t (u + v) dn }(v-ul
1 - k sn t (u + v) sn t (u- v)
2 2 2 ·
Double and Half Arguments.

am 2u = 2 tan-1 (tnu dn u),
r
sn2u = 2 [snucnudnuJ/(1- k2 sn 4 u),
124.01 ~ cn 2tt = [cn 2 u- sn 2 u dn 2 uJ/(1 - k2 sn 4 u),
I
l
dn2u= [dn 2 u-k 2 sn 2 ucn 2 uJ/(1-k 2 sn 4 u),
l
tn 2 u = 2 [tn u dn u] 1 - tn 2 u dn 2 u) . f(
sn 2 (u/2) = (1-cnu)/(1 +dnu),
cn 2 (u/2) = (dnu +cnu)/(1 +dnu),
124.02
dn 2 (u/2) = (cnu +dnu)/(1 +cnu),
tn 2 (u/2) = (1-cnu)/(dnu +cnu).
Complex and Imaginary Arguments.

r sn(u±iv k) =~n~dn(1J,~,~~n(u,k)dn(u_,_l>)_sn(v,k')_cn~~~1
' 1 - sn2 (v, k') dn2 (u, k) '
J cn (u ±, z.v k) = cn (u, k) cn (v, k') =f i sn (u, k) dn (u, k) sn (v, k') dn (v, k')
l
- ~-c--'--:-c----'---
' 1- sn 2 (v, k') dn 2 (u, k) '
125.01
dn (u ± iv ' k) = dn_(~,_lll-cn(!J- ,kj___1dn- (vsn__• k2__ 2
'_) =f t_·_k sn2___ (u, k) cn (u, k) sn (v, k')
(v, k') dn (u, k) '
l
tn (u ± iv k) = ~_ll(u,k)~iu·~ cn (v, k') dn(v._l'] =tidn (u, k) sn (v,k') .
' 1 - sn2 (u, k) dn 2 (v, k')
sn (i u, k) = i tn (u, k'),
cn (i u, k) = nc (u, k'),
125.02
dn (i u, k) = dc (u, k'),
tn (i u, k) = i sn (u, k').
Relation to Theta Functions.
1
snu ={}1 (v)jfkff 0 (v),
cn u =V~ {} (v) JVk{} (v),

l
2 0
126.0 I
dn u = Vk' ff (v) /{}o (v),
3
tnu ={}1 (vlfV11{} 2 (v),
where v = n uj2K and the Theta functions are as defined in the Appendix.
Approximation Formulas.
J sn (u, k) """' sin u - k 2 cos tt (u - sin u cos u) /4, [k«:1]
127.01
l cn (tt, k) ~:::; cosu + k sinu (u- sinucosu)/4,
dn (u, k) """' 1 - (k 2 sin 2 u)/2.
2
l
sn (u, k)!:::::; tanhu + [k near one]

+ k' 2 sech 2 u (sinh u cosh u- u)/4,
127.02
cn (u, k) !:::::; sech u- k' 2 tanh u sech u (sinh u cosh u- u)/4,
dn (u, k) !:::::; sech u + k' 2. tanh u sech u (sinh u cosh u + 1~)/4.
I
Differential Equations.
ht~ (sn u) r = (1- sn2 u) (1- k2 sn2 u)'
hidu (cnu)r=(1-cn 2 u)(k'2+k2cn2u),
l
128.01
[ddu (dnu)] 2 = (1- dn 2 u) (dn2u-k'2),
[-/u- (tn u) ]2 = (1 + tn 2 u) (1 + k' 2 tn 2u).
l l
Identities.
cs 2u + 1 = ns 2 u, cd 2 u+k' 2 sd 2 u=1,
cs 2 u + k' 2 = ds 2 u 129.02 k2sd2u + 1 = nd2u,
129.01
k2 cs 2u + k' 2 ns 2u ~ ds 2u, k2 cd 2u + k' 2nd 2u = 1,
l
ds 2 u + k2 = ns 2 u. sd 2 u + cd 2 u = nd 2 u.
tn 2 u + 1 = nc 2 u,
k' 2 tn 2 u + 1 = dc 2 u,
129.03
k' 2 nc 2 u + k2 = dc 2 u
k2 tn 2 u + dc 2u = nc 2'u .
129 .04 { (1 -cn 2u)j(1 + cn2u) =tn2udn2u,

(1-dn2u)j(1 +dn2u) =k 2 sn 2 ucd 2 u.

Derivatives of Jacobian Elliptic Functions.
See 731.00-731.12 and 710.50-710.62.
See 907-908.
Integrals.
See 310-365 and 400-440.
Transformation Formulas.
See 160-165.
Sketches of ] acobian Elliptic Functions.

The following sketches show only a cross section of each figure.
For isometric drawings of modular surfaces, see Tables of Functions
wüh Formulas and Curves by E. ]AHNKE and F. EMDE.
Fig.IO.
0 u
/( 2 l,l[r'
-1 ·--
I
I
Fig. 11.
y
y-dn(iu+K)
Fig.12.
Jacobian Elliptic Functions. 27
----;;o+----+~i!(u.'~-=-2 ~i!(c_'_ _--\J~z""'K"''----,.'I.l.z'!(""'',......-iu,

-I
._
~
~
\
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Fig.IJ,
--.----r----.-y=sn (i u +K)
J !Jk } -r -1/k -r '
~y=sn(i'u+JK)
Fig.14. Fig. 15.
!I
-0;;-f------,;,..t..,.,c;,--+--:::..o;~--+lf.-/(""+-,i"'!(o-, U+ z'!('
I
r11
-1/k
Fig.16.
Conformal Mappings 1 .
Mapping of the half-plane Im (C) > 0 onto a reetangle in the z-plane:
129.50 C=snz. [cf. 119.01]
Z-plane t;-plane
!J A 8 c
-1/k -1 1/k
Fig.li.
Mapping of a circular ring onto the unit circle with a symmetrical

slit:
129.51
where
k(q) =v = 4Vq~-rrco - - l1
+ q2m
-~- 14 ;
m~t 1 + lm-1
Z-plane
Fig.18.
Other Mappings.
The funetion C= cn z maps the reetangle ~ K < R. P. (z) < K,
O<Im(z) <K' onto the right half-plane R.P. (C) >0 with a cut along
the linear segment 0 <C < 1.
The funetion C=sn 2 z maps the reetangle O<R.P.(z)<K, ~K'<
Im (z) < K' onto the entire C-plane with the slits ~ oo ;;;:;:c;;;:;:: 0, 1 ;;;:;:c;;;:;:: oo.
The transformation C=(snz)/(1+cnz) maps the reetangle ~K<
R.P. (z) < K, ~ K' <Im (z) < K' onto the unit circle [C[ < 1.
Applications.
Jacobian elliptic funetions have numerous applications in both pure
and applied mathematics. They arise, for example, in capillary phe-
nomena, in rigid dynamics, in algebraic curves and surfaces (e.g., the
1 For other useful mappings, see Same Gonformal Transformations Involving
Elliptic Functions, by CHARLES DARWIN, The Philosophical Magazine, Vol. 41

(Seventh Series) No. 312, 1950; and also Dictionary of Gonformal Representations
by H. KoBER, Dover Publications, Inc., Kew York, 1952.
Jacobi's Inverse Elliptic Functions. 29
wave surface in optics), and are particularly usefuP in many problems

in potential theory and conformal mapping. Our principal interest,
however, is in applying them for the purpose of evaluating the variety
of elliptic integrals which occur in almost every field of applied science.
By means of appropriate transformations, elliptic integrals having
either algebraic or trigonometric integrands reduce readily to integrals
involving rational functions of the Jacobian functions. Integrals with
different integrands frequently lead to the same standard Jacobian
form. Since recurrence formulas for the integral of these standard
forms are easily obtained, it is possible to give in shorter space the
evaluation of all sorts of elliptic integrals.
It is found, for instance, that the evaluation of the assorted com-
plete elliptic integrals 2
1J~;~~~s;r-dß,
0
J f
b
dt (t- d)mdt
------ -=-==========---'
(~ ~ t) m v:=(a=-=-t) b=-=-t)=;=(t=-=c=;=) ,
--~-~------==-------~--=--~~~---:-
=;:;:(
i, (t- c)m V(a- t) (t- b) (t- c) (t- d)
c
(m any integer)
may be given (except for certain constant factors and different moduli)
K
by J nd 2m u du. It would be prohibitive to express the explicit evalua-
o
tion of each of these integrals; however, by making specific reference
in each case to the place where such a standardintegral as J nd 2 m tt du
is fully written out, the above integrals, as well as hundreds of others
having various Jacobian forms, can be included in a comprehensive
table of elliptic integrals (see 200-299).
Jacobi's Inverse Elliptic Functions.

Definitions.
Every J acobian elliptic function is the inverse of an elliptic integral.
Starting with the functions q; = am (u, k) etc as the direct functions, the
inverse Jacobian elliptic functions may then be defined as follows:
130.01 am -I (q;, k) =J-V~=~ft'-=_

0
'P
1 - k 2 sin 2 it
= F(q;, k), [0 < q; ;;;;;, :n:/2].
1 See, for example, Anwendung der elliptischen Funktionen in Physik und

Technik, by ÜBERHETTINGER and MAGNUS, Springer, 1949.
2 In order to be most useful, our table of integrals will contain incomplete
integrals for the most part.
=[-
y
130.02 sn-1 (y,k) dt . =F(sin-1 y,k), [O<y;;;;; 1].

• v(1- t2) (1- k2t2)
0
130.03
=I v(; ~t2;:t;=k'~2)
1
130.04 dn -1 (y, k) = F[sin -1 V(1- y2)jk2, k],

y
[k';;;;; y < 1].
130.05 tn-1 (y,k)=j· dt. =F[sin-1 1/y2/(t+y 2),kJ,

v( + +
n
1 t 2 J (1
k' 2 t 2J
o [O<y;;;;;=J.
130.06 llC -1 (y, k) -;·

- ---=c=c~--~--c.--
dt - F[Slll ' y 2--)/
. -1lr( - 1 y,2 k] ,
1 V
(t2 - 1l (k2 + k' 2 f2J
[=:;;;;y>1].
130.07
=I .
y
130.08 sd-1 (y, kJ at ~~· _~=F[sin-1 v:Y2;(1+k2y2J,kL

vr1-k' 2 t2 ) (1 +k 2 12 )
0 [1/k';;;;; y >0].
130.09 nd-1 (y,k)=I =F[sin- 1 V(y 2 -1)/k 2 y2,k],

v(t .....-1)d(1-
2
t ..
k' t2) 2
1
[1/k':;;;;y>1].
-- = F[sin- (1/y), k],

00
130.10 ns- (y, k) =I-----=.cd~

1 1
V(t2 - 1l (t2 - k2)
y [y:;;;; 1 >k].
00
130.11 ds-1 (y,k)=I---c= ~d~~ ... =F[sin-1 V.1f{y2 +k 2),k],

V(t 2 - k'2) (t2 + k2)
y [y :;,:;;; k' > 0].
Jacobi's Inverse Elliptic Functions. 31
f ' -_-~'f
00
130.12 cs-1(y, k) = 1 '-'- = F[sin-1V17(1-+Y2), IIJ'

. 1 + + k'2)
c=-
(1 t2) (t2
Y [oo>y:;;-;;0].
130.131
[o;;;;;:y<1 J.
Identities.
arn -1(rp, k) = sn -1(sin rp, k)
= cn - 1(cos rp, k) = dn - 1 (V1 -_:_k2 si.i1 2 g;, k),
sn-1(y, k) = cn- 1(V1 ~ y 2, k)
= dn-1(j/1-=-k 2 y 2 , k) = tn-1(Y/V1=7 . k),
cn- 1 (y, k) = sn - 1 (V1 :__ y2, k)
131.01 = dn-1(Vf12+k2y2-, k) = tn-1(V(1-=-y2)fy2~ 1<),
dn- 1(y, k) = sn-1(V(1-=-y2f[k2, k)
= cn-1(V(y2 _ k'2Jfk2, k) = tn- 1 [V~~= ~~2 , k],
tn- 1(y, k) = sn-1(Vy2/(1 +:Y2), k)

= cn-1(1f1/(1 + y2), k) = dn -1 [ V 1 1~'~t:, k].
Special Values.
arn-1 (rp, 1) = ln (secrp + tanrp) = cosh-1(secrp),
sn - 1(y, 1) = tanh - 1 y = ln [V{i+-y) /(1- y)],
132.01 cn-1(y, 1) = sech- 1 y = ln {[1 + V1-y2]Jy },
dn- 1(y, 1) = sech- 1 y = ln {[1 + VT:__:_-Y:!]Jy},
tn- 1(y, 1) = sinh- 1 y = ln [y + V1-+ y 2].
arn-1(rp, 0) = rp, cn - 1(y, 0) = cos-1 y,
132.02 {
sn-1(y,O) =sin-1 y, tn-1 (y, 0) = tan-1 y.
sn-1(1/V1 +k',k) =F[sin- 1V1f(T+k'), k] = tsn-1(1, k) =K/2,
cn-1 [Vk'/(1 + kl, k] = ~ cn-1 (0, k) = K/2,
132.03
dn- 1(Vk', k) = 1 dn-1(k', k) = K/2,
tn-1(1/lfk', k) = ttn-1( oo, k) = Kj2.
Addition Formulas.
sn - (y, k) + sn -1 (x, k)
1
= sn -1[-~JIJ!~=~)(_1=k21~t ~ ~;1:=--~2)_(1_-=/.2%2) 'k],

cn-1 (y, k) + cn - 1 (x, k)
= cn -1 [X y- vu-= ~2~k;:(f~2 ;~~11 ~;jD~' 2~+-k:Yl' k l'

dn -1(y, k) + dn -1(x, k)
133.01
= dn -1 [ k2 x Y-_]/c-(1-fz--~--;;c_:_c-c\~-~~~21'(21 ~ ~_2_~~- k~)_' k] '
tn -l (y, k) + tn -1 (x, k)
= tn -Ir y vr1 + y2)(1+ k'2 x2) +X v(1 + x2) (1 + ki2 y2) kl
lV(1 + y2 ) (1 +x2)- xyV(1 +k'2y2) (1 +k'2x2)' '
sn -I (y, k) + cn - 1 (x, k)
= sn _{~-Y'_V~':'_co-~--,-+_--ckcc-2_y--;;c21~~~~~ J2g ~~ x:[( 1_==k2-;2)_ , k] ,
= cn _1 [-!_Yi_=-x2 ~- ~~~~2 ~;~:~2 ~2 ;2p~-k2~2)_, k] .
sn-l(y,k) +sn-1 (x,k) =sn-1 (1,k) =K,
if X= V0-
y2)/(1- k2 y2)'
cn -I (y, k) + cn -l (x, k) = cn -I (0, k) = K,
134.01 if x=Vk' 2(1-y2)/(k'2+k2y2),
dn -I (y, k) + dn -1 (x, k) = dn -1 (k', k) = K,
if X= k'jy,
tn- 1(y,k) +tn- 1(x,k) =tn-1 (=,k) =K,
if X= 1/k'y.
2 sn -1(y, k) = sn - 1 [2y v(1 -
y 2) (1 -k2 y2)/(1 - k2 y 4 )],
134.02 1 2cn- (y,k) = cn- {(k y + 2k' 2 y 2 - k' 2)/[1- k2(1- y 2)2J},
1 1 2 4
2 dn-1(y, k) = dn-1 {(y4- 2k'2 y2 + k'2)/[k2- (1- y2)2]},
2tn-1 (y,k) =tn-1 [2yV(1 + y2) (1 +
k'2y2J/(1- k'2y4)J.

Derivatives.
See 732.00 to 732.12.
Integrals.
See 390.01 to 392.04.
J aco bian Zeta Function. 33
Jacobian Zeta Function.

Definitions.
The Zeta function 1 of J ACOBI is defined by
or by the integrals
K
140.o2 z (ß, k) =- cotßV_i_"kk~ sin2 ß_ f-1-=~s~:ß sn2_u_,

0
140.03
This function is an odd periodic function of u1 with period 2K and

a ppears in the evaluation for the hyperbolic cases of the elliptic integral
of the third kind (see 400).
Special V alues
Z(O, k) = 0,
Z(n/2, k) = 0,
Z(- u 1) = - Z(u 1 ),
Z (u1 ) = 0, if k = 0,
Z(~t 1 ) = sn (u1 , 1) = tanhu1 , if k = 1,
Z(u1 + 2K) = Z(u1 ),
141.0 I Z(u1 + i K') = Z(u1 ) + csu1 dnu1 - in/2K,
Z(u1 +2iK') =Z(u1 ) -infK,
Z(mK)=O, m=O, 1, 2, ... ,
Z[sin-1 V1/(1 +k'),k] =k 2/2(1 +k'),
2 Z (ß k) = Z (m k) + _3:_k2 sin3ß cos_ß V1 _-:::_-_-k~2--,sin-c2~f!_ where

' r' 1 - k2 sm4 ß '
rp = cos _1 [_1_- 2 si_n2 ß_±_k~ sin4ß-].
1- k 2 sm4 ß
1 The Zeta function is tabulated in j acobian Elliptic Function Tables by MILNE-

THOMFSON, Dover, New York, 1950. A tabulation ofKZ(ß, k) appears herein the
Appendix.
Maximum Value.
141.25 Z (ß1 , k) = E (ß1 , k) - -! F(ß 1, k), ß1 = sin-1 lV(K- E)/k K]. 2
Limiting Value.
141.50 Lim
ß-+0
[Z(ß,k)]
sinß
= _K -li_
K ·
Approximation Formula.
141.75 {
Z (u) ~ 1T2q(~ cos ~qx~i+2:q 2 (1 =-2 cos 2xf'
x = n uj2K (real), q = e-(nK' fK).
Addition Formulas.
142.01 Z ({}, k) ± Z ( ß, k) = Z ( cp, k) ± k2 sin {} sin ßsin cp,
where
= 2 tan _1 [· sin {} V1-k2Sin2 (±_ sin ßV1-~k2Sill2D]
cp cos{} + cos ß ·
142.02 * Z (u ± v) = Z (u) ± Z (v) =f k 2 sn u sn v sn (u ± v).
Special Addition Formula.

142.51 Z({},k ) +Z (ß ,k)-
_ k 2 sinßcosß
=-=--·-='=-,
"f
1
_ k , tan {} .
cot ß -
v1-k 2 sin 2 ß
Complex and Imaginary Arguments.
[z (u, k. )·.····+ _k~n···(·u·.~ ~ cs:~~~~k~~.·~. i·u·2··(~~ ~~2 k')] =f

143.01
1 Z (u ± i v, k)
=f i [z (v k')
'
=
+-v :n; ___dn 2
2K K'
(v,
(t.t..!l cn (v,~)_s!l (v, k') dn (v, k')
1- sn 2 (v, k') dn2 (u, k)
l·
143.02 Z (i u, k) == i [tn (u, k') dn (u, k') - Z (u, k') - n uj2K K'].

144.01 Z(u) = ~(~; , [@(u) is defined in the Appendix].

Derivatives.
See 710.04 and 730.03.
Integrals.
See 630.
* Frequently one writes Z (u) for Z (ff, k) or Z (am u, k), and Z (u v) for Z (cp, k) +
or Z[am (u+v), k]. Similar notation is also used for the elliptic functions etc.
Heuman's Lambda Function. 35
Sketch of the Zeta Function.

The following figures are sketches of Z (ß, k) plotted against the
modulus k and the argument ß:
0
a8
j
/J
I
I
ß df}
/ ~
p
~
~ ß=O'; ß=90'
0 JO' IJO' 90°
sin-'k-
Fig.tg.
Fig.20.
Heuman's Lambda Function.

Definitions.
The function A 0 (ß, k) is defined by the integrals
V------ J--(
K
150.01 A (ß k) = _3-k' 2 s~~(Jcos_ß_ du _____

o , n 1- k' 2 sin2 ß k2 ___ ) sn2 u ,
1_ -~---
o 1-k' 2 sin2 ß
150.02 A 0 (ß, k)
-
= - -
2 .
n sm ß 1 +k
v---2--2-
tan ß f K
dn 2 u du
1 + k 2 tan 2 ßsnu
2 ,
0
3*
or simply by the formula
150.03 A 0 (ß, k) - ~ [E(k) F(ß, k')

:n
+ K(k) E(ß, k') - K(k) F(ß, k')].
This function appears in the evaluation for the circular cases of the
elliptic integral of the third kind. It was first tabulated by CARL
HEUMAN 1 . A shorter tabulation is found here in the Appendix.
Special Values.
( A 0 (ß, o) = sin ß ,
A 0 (0, k) = 0,
A 0 (ß, 1) = 2ß(n,
A 0 (n(2, k) = 1,
151.0 I
A 0 (m n/2, k) = m, (m an integer including 0),
A 0 (-ß,k) = -A 0 (ß,k),
± ß, k) =2m± A 0 (ß, k),
A 0 (mn
lA 0 [sin-1 V1/(1 +k),k] =H1 +2(1-k)K(n].
Limiting Value.
151.50 Lim [ Ao(ß,
ß-"0 smß
'1] = 2E(n.
Addition Formula.
152.01 A 0 (ß,k) ±A0 (ß,k) =A0 (cp,k) ±-:n2-k' 2 Ksinßsinßsinq;,
where
coscp = cosß cos ß =f sin ß sin ß V1 - k' 2 sin 2 cp.

153.01 Ao(ß,k) +Ao(ß,k) == 1 + 2k'2sinßc~sßK '
+ k2 sin2 ß
:n Vcos2 ß
if cot 1} = k tan ß.
153.02 2A 0 (ß,k) =A 0 (cp,k) +~k' 2 Ksin 2 ßsincp,

:n
where
_1 [ 1 - &
2 sin 2 + k' 2 sin 4 &]
cp = cos 1 - k' 2 sin4if ·
1 Tables of Complete Elliptic Integrals, Journal of Mathematics and Physics,

Vol. 20, 1941, pp. 127-206.
Heuman's Lambda Function. 37

154.01 A 0 (ß, k) = . 8~ln [ß 2 (iw)],
where w = nF(ß, k')
2K '
and fJ 2 is as defined in the Appendix.

Derivatives.
See 730.04 and 710.07.
Integrals.
See 630.
Sketch of the Function A 0 (ß, k ).
The following graphs show the Heuman function plotted as a func-
tion of the argument ß and the modulus k.
Fig. 21.
ß-
ß=90°
1.00
--
-........__
ß= 50°
0.75
I
~0.50 fV JO'
~
~ 0.25
Fig. 22. ß=O'

JO' 60' 90'
sin- 1 k -
Transformation Formulas for

Elliptic Functions and Elliptic Integrals.
A transformation of elliptic functions consists in the expression of
elliptic functions with one modulus and argument in terms of those
with a new modulus and argument. The following transformation for-
mulas are found useful in problems arising in many branches of applied
science:
l
Imaginary Modulus Transformation ( cf. 282 ).
sn(u,ik) =k~sd(uV~_2--. A2 ,k1), [k1=k/V1 +k2]
160.01
cn (u, i k) = cd (u V1 k 2 , k1), +
dn(u,ik) =nd(uV1 +k2~k1 ),
tn(u,ik) =k~tn(uV1 +k2 ,k1).
F(q;, i k) = k~ F(ß, k1),
160.02 \ E(q;, i k) = ;~ [E(ß, k1)- ki sin ß cos ß/V1 - k~ sin 2 ß]'
Il(q;, r1.. 2 , i k) = kaki F(ß, k1) + k~ 2 r1.. 2 II (ß, r1..i, k1) J/(rJ..2 k~ 2 + ki)
where
ai = a2 k~ 2 + ki '
l
Imaginary Argument Transformation.
sn (i u, k) = i tn (u, k'), sn (u, k') = - i tn (i u, k),
cn (i u, k) = nc (u, k'), cn (u, k') = nc (i u, k),
161.0 I
dn (i u, k) = dc (u, k'), dn (u, k') = dc (i u, k),
tn (i u, k) = i sn (u, k'), tn (u, k') = - i sn (i u, k).
F(i q;, k) = i F(ß, k'),
161.02 { E(i q;, k) = i [F(ß, k') - E(ß, k') + tan ß V 1 - k' 2 sin 2 ß],
II(iq;,a 2 , k) = i [F(ß, k')- a 2 Il(ß, 1 - a2, k')J/(1- a2),
where
sinhq; = tan ß.
l
Reciprocal Modulus Transformation 1 •
sn (k u, k1) = k sn (u, k), [kl = 1/k]'
cn (k u, k1) = dn (u, k),
162.01
dn (k u, k1) = cn (u, k),
tn (k u, k1 ) = k sd (u, k).
- - - -
1 This transformation can be used when the modulus is greater than one;
cf. 283.
Transformation Formulas. 39
F(((J, k1) = k F(ß, k), K(k 1) = k [K(k) + i K' (k)],

162.02 { E(((!, k1 ) = [E(ß, k)- k' 2 F(ß, k)]jk,
ll(((!,r:t.. 2 ,k1 ) = kll(ß,rx 2 k 2 ,k),
where
Landen's Transformation 1 •
f sn [(1 + k') ~t, k 1] = (1 + k') sn (u, k) cd (u, k),
163.01
I cn [(1 + k') u, k1 ] = nd (u, k)- (1 + k') sn (u, k) sd (u, k),
~
l
dn [(1 + k') u, kd = nd (u, k) + (k'- 1) sn (u, k) sd (u, k),
I
tn [( 1 + k') U kl = (1 + kJsn (u, k) cn (u,_kl
' 1J 1-(1+k')sn2 (u,k) ·
F(((J, k1) = 2 [F({}, k)J/(1 + k1 ) = (1 + k') F({}, k),

E(((J, k1 ) = [2E( {}, k) + 2k' F({}, k') +( k' - 1) sin((l J/(1 + k'),
163.02
Il(((l,rxi,k1) = (1+k') [(k 2 -a.2)IJ({J,rx2,k)+
+ (rx~- k2) Il({}, rx~, k)Jj(rx~- rx2),
where
kl= (1-k')/(1 +k'), sin((l= _L1V+_/l')_s~ll_~ccosD'
1- k 2 sin2 D
Ci.
2- (1 +k') 2 [kl +(X~- V(1-tXi}(k~=-=tXD]
--~-~~-- 2 ~--~~,
2-
C/.. 2 - - -- --
V
(1 +k') 2 [kl +(X~+ (1-tX~)(ki-tXD]
2 '
I
Gauss' Transformation.
sn (u, k) = (1 + k1 ) sn (u1 , k1)/[1 + k1 sn 2 (u1 , k1 )],
164.01 cn (u, k) = cn (u1 , k1) d.n (u1 , .k1) /[ 1 + k1 sn2 (u1 , k1)],
dn(u,k) = [1-k1 sn 2 (u1 ,k1 )J/[1+k1 sn 2 (u1 ,k1 )],
tn (u, k) = (1 + k1 ) tn (u1 , k1 ) nd (u1 , k1 ),
where
U1 =uj(1 +k1), k1 =(1-k')/(1 +k').
f F(((!,k1) = [F({},k)J/(1 +k1 ) = (1 +k') [F({},k)]j2,
I E(((!, k1) = [E({}, k) +k'F({}, k)-(1- V1-k2 sin 2 {})cot{}]j(1 +k'),

K(k 1 ) = (1 +
k') [K(k)Jj2, K(k) = (1 + k1) K(k 1),
164 ·02 1E(k 1) = [E(k) + k' K(k)J/(1 + k'),
Il(((!, Ci.~, k)
[2(1- k')F(D, k) + (tXi+k1 ) (1 +k') Y + (1 +k') (tXi-k1)Il(D,tX2 , k)
l= 4 (tXi + kl) ~
1 Successive application of this transformation permits the direct computation
of the elliptic integrals, particularly when numerical tables are inadequate (cf.
810-811).
where
2 (1+k') 2 (k1 +cxi)
IX=- ·-·--
4cx~ '
and
r 1- - ·2
.l1-tX
1 1
Y = --~tan- 1 tanß if
f1-=~2 ·'
1
= V~;~ 1-tanh- 1 [VtX 2 -1 tanß], if
l
Other Transformations.
sn (u1 , k1) = k' sd (u, k),
cn (u1 , k1) = cd (u, k),
165.01
dn (u1 , k1) = nd (u, k),
tn (u1 , k1) = k' tn (u, k),
l
where
u 1 = u k',
F(rp, k1) = k' F(IJ, k), K(k1 ) = k' K(k),
165.02 E(rp,kl) = [E({},k)- k2sinf}cosf} ]/k', E(kl) = [E(k)J/k',

V1 - k 2 sin 2 {}
n (rp,tX2 , k1) =k' [k 2 F(ß, k) +tX2 k' 2 ll({},k 2 +tX 2 k' 2, k) J/(k 2 +tX2 k' 2),
where
Following are five sets of transformation formulas for elliptic func-
l
tions from which corresponding formulas for elliptic integrals may
easily be developed:
sn (i k' u, 1/k') = i k' tn (tt, k),
cn (i k' u, 1/k') = dc (tt, k),
165.03
dn (i k' tt, 1/k') = nc (u, k),
l
tn (i k' u, 1/k') = i k' sd (u, k).
sn (u1 , k1) = i (1 + k) tn (u, k) nd (u, k),

cn (u1 , k1) = [1 + k sn 2 (tt, k)] nc (tt, k) nd (u, k),
165.04
dn (u1 , k1 ) =~ L1 - k sn 2 (tt, k)] nc (u, k) nd (u, k),
tn (u1 , k1 ) = [i (1 + k) sn (tt, k)J/[1 + k sn 2 (tt, k)],
where
u1 =i(1+k)u,
l
Transformation Formulas. 41
sn (2 VJi VJi
u, k1) = 2 sn (u, k)/[1 + k sn 2 (u, k)J,
165.05 cn (2 Vku, k1) = [1- ksn2 (u, k)J/[1 + ksn2(u, k)],
dn (2 VJi
u, k1) = cn (u, k) dn (u, kJ/[1 + k sn2 (u, k)],
tn (2 VJi
u, k1) = 2 Vk sn (~t, k)/[1 - k sn 2 (u, k)],
where
~ = (1 + k)/2 vk.
sn [(1 + k') i 1-t, ~j
= i (1 + k') sn (u, k) cn (u, k)/ [1- (1 + k') sn 2 (u, k)],
cn [(1 + k') i u, ~]
= dn(u,k)/[1- (1+k')sn2 (u,k)],
165.06
dn [(1 + k') i u, k 1]
= [1 - (1- k') sn2 (u, k)J/[1- (1 + k') sn2 (u, k)],

tn [( H- k') i u, k1]
+
= i (1 k') sd (u, k) cn (u, k),
where
l
k1 = 2 Vk'/(1 + k').
sn (Ut, k1) = (k' +ik) sn (u, k) ~~ (u,k)/[\ +k (k' i- k) sn2 (u, k)],
165.07 cn(u1 ,k1 )=cn(u,k)/[1+k(k ~-k)sn (u,k)],
dn (Ut,k1) = [1 -k(k +ik') sn2 (u,k)J/[1 +k(k'i -k)sn2 (u,k)],
tn(u1 ,k1) = (k' + i k) tn (u, k) dn (u, k),
where
Ut = (k' + i k) u' k1 = 2Vi k k'/(k'+i k).
Reduction of Algebraic Integrands to
Jacobian Elliptic Functions.
lntroduction.
The most general elliptic integral encountered in practice may appear
in the form
200.00
where R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are rational integral functions of t, and where

P is a polynomial of the third or fourth degree with real coefficients
and no repeated factors. It can easily be shown that 200.00 can be
written
200.01
where
R 5 and R 6 thus being rational functions of t. The first integral on the

right in 200.01 is obviously an elementary integral. It is necessary there-
fore only to consider the reduction of integrals of the type
y
200.02 ~ =f -v;J-dt,
Yt
where it is assumed that the polynomial P has already been expressed

in factored 1 form as the product of sums and differences of squares,
or as the product vf three or four binomials.
The elliptic integral 200.02 may be reduced to Jacobi's form if, for
real u, a transformation
200.03 sn u = f(t)
allows us to write
200.04 V?= gdu,
dt
where g is a constant.
1 Factorization of a cubic or quartic polynomial may be found in most College
algebra books.
Integrands involving Vao (1 2 ± ri), VI"-± r~. 43
The integral then becomes
200.05
where u 0 = sn - 1 [/ (y)], u 1 = sn - 1 [/ (y1) J, and G1 is a rational function of

sn u.
Elliptic integrals occurring in various algebraic forms are expressed
in our table of integrals in terms of integrands involving Jacobian
elliptic functions (211-279). Specific reference is then made in each
formula to the applicable formula in the tables (300-440), in which the
J acobian forms are explicitly integrated. This method permits us to
give in less space the evaluations of a variety of elliptic integrals,
particularly of those leading to the third kind.
Integrands Involving the Square Roots of

Sums and Differences ofSquares, Va 0 (t 2 ± r~), Vt 2 ± rT.
Introduction.
When the polynomial P has the special form 1
P = a0 (t 2 ± ri) (t 2 ± r~),
it is advantageaus to write 200.02 as
y y y
210.01 J R(t)_ d t = J!__Roi.ß_ d t J l!J(tj_ d t.
VP VP
-L
I VP
~ ~ ~
The first integral on the right side can be reduced to elementary form
by the substitution t 2 = r; but the second integral is an elliptic integral
and is the one we will now consider.
1 If the two factors under the radical sign involve the fourth power of the
variable of integration, and if a singlepower ofthisvariable occurs in the numerator
as a factor outside of the square root sign, the transformation ! 2 = r, Y 2 = y, gives
us at once an integral of the type in 210.0 I. The integrals
and
for instance, become simply
and
which are now examples of 210.0 I with R 0 (r 2 ) ~ 0. (See 575 for less obvious
examples.)
44 Reduction of Algebraic Irrtegrands to Jacobian Elliptic Functions.
By putting R 7 (t 2 ) into partial fractions, the last integral in 210.01

may be expressed linearly in terms of integrals of the form
and these can all be evaluated in terms of the three integrals
f V:P , f
y y y
!_!_t dt
Iv~,
y, y, y,
(t2 _ pz)VP ·
'An integral of the type J dtJVP, which is finite everywhere, leads

in all cases to an integral of the first kind, while the integral Jt 2 dtJfP,
which is algebraically infinite of the first order for the value t = oo,
always gives rise to an integral of the second kind. The integral
V
J dtJ(t 2 - p2 ) P is an integral of the third kind and becomes log-
ari thmically infinite, for t = p, as
[P(p) =F 0]
and, for t=-P, as
=f - ~ .•c-ln (t + p).
zVP(p)
(If P(p) = 0, this latter integral is of the second kind and has an alge-
braic infinity of the one-half order at the point t = ± p.)
Except for the factor vrao V
I, the radical p in 210.0 I may be expressed
in one of the following ways:
Vfcl2.:_t2f(t2-=- lJ2J , V(a2-_:_ i2)-(b2 ~i2), Vfa2-+t2)(b2-=-f2),
V(a2 + t2) (t2- b2)' V(a2 + t2) (t2 + b2), V(t2 + e2J (t2 + e2J,
where a 2 and b2 are real and (!2, (i2 are conjugate complex numbers.
Substitutions for the reduction of these possible cases are given in
the following table of integrals. The substitutions for the first five
cases are of the form
210.02
where A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 are suitably chosen constants (see 211.00-222.14).

For the last case, use is made of the transformation
210.03
where a 1 , a 2 , IX:J, a 4 are appropriate real constants (see 225; also cf.
263-267).
Integrands involving Va2+ti and Vt 2 -b 2, (y>b>O). 45
Table of Integrals.
One of the limits of integration in the following tables is usually
taken to be one of the zeros of the polynomial under the radical sign,
while the other limit is variable. As illustrated on page 2 of the Intro-
duction, however, this procedure will not restriet the use of the tables
for evaluating integrals in which both limits are variable. Although
the table might appear to contain only definite integrals, it gives essen-
tially a table of indefinite integrals.
1
g= Va2-+ 1,2'
lJ _ _ _ _
rp = amu1 = cos-1 (b/y), cn u 1 = cos rp .
y u,
d!- =gjdu=gu1 =gcn-1 (cosrp,k)
211.00 b
V(a2 + t2) (t2 - b2)
0
= gF(rp, k), [cf. 212.00].
J 1dn udu = -_-E(m k).

y ~
211.01 dt vci2+12
-- - g-
- =-k'2 2 g
t2 t2 _ b2 k'2 T'
0
211.02
where
211.03 [See 321.02.]
211.04 [See 316.02.]
J
u,
211.05 (aZ:b2)"' cd2 mudu.

0
[See 320.05.]
J
~
211.06 __!_t-f12~b2 k' gfsd 2 u du. [See 318.02.]

a2 + t2 a2 + t2 = 2
b 0
211.07 [See 310.02.]
y
JV(a Jtn
~
211.08 2 + t2 ) (t 2 - b2 ) dt = b2 (a 2 + b2 ) g 2 u dc2 u du.

b 0
[See 361.15.]
211.09 [See 313.05.]
y
J (t Jtn u dc udu.
~
211.10 2- b2) V(a 2 + t2 ) (t 2 - b2 ) dt = b4 (a 2 +b2 ) g 4 2

b 0
[See 361.23.]
211.11 [See 312.05.]
y
J (a Vftl J
~
211.12 2 + t2 ) 2 + t2 ) (t 2 -b2 ) dt = b2 (a 2 +b 2 ) 2 g tn 2 u dc4 u du.

b 0
[See 361.26.]
J J
y ~
211.13 (a2 +12)vd;~t2) (12 --b2) = k'2 g nd2 u du.

b 0 [See 315.02.]
211.14
where
211.15
where
1.V. JR(b nc u)du,

y ~
R (t 2 ) dt
211.16 . .. =g 2 2
b
(a2 +t2) (t2- b2)
0
where R (t2 ) is any rational function of t2 •

Integrands involving v~q~ t2 and Vt2 -b'i, (oo > y ::2: b > 0). 47
Iotegrands lnvolving Va +t2 2 and Vt 2 -b 2 , (oo >y :2:; b > 0)
cp = am u 1 = s1n
. -1Va2+b2
. - -·, sn u 1 = sin cp .
I
a2 + y2
00 ~
212.00 fv --= dt - =
(a2 + t2) (t2 - b2)
= gjdu = gu1 = g sn-1 (sinq;, k)
Y 0 =gF(cp,k), [cf.211.00].
J
u,
212.01 = g dn 2 udu = g E(u 1)

0
= g E(cp, k).
212.02 f
00
- dt- va2+12
t2 - p
- - -_ g ------·--
12 _ b2
du
1 - a 2 sn2 u
f u,
-_ g II( cp, IX 2' k) '
0
Y [See appropriate case in 400.]
where IX2 = (a2 + P)/(a2 + b2).
212.03
212.04
212.05 l y
f oo
-- ------
(a2 + t2) (12- b2)
= (a 2
-- -
~ b2j 2 -J
0
u,
dt
V(a?-+ t2) (t2-=b2)
--- --
sn 2 u tn 2 u du,
-----·-
(y =f= b). [See 361.29.]
212.06
J-
oo __ __ ______ U1
212.07 _!:! . v_'l~l~ = gfnc 2 u du (y =f= b) . [See 313.02.]

t2-b2 t2-b2 '
y 0
212.08 J oo d t v/2-~ti
-·-. --- =
fu,
g cn udu.
2
[See 312.0Z.]
a2 + t2 a2 + t2
y 0
212.09 J oodt
- 2-
V' a2 + t2
- 2- -2 = ru·
g nd2 u d~t. [See 315.02.]
t t- b •
y 0
212.10 (y =!= b).

[See 321.02.]
212.11 J oodt vt2- b2

2 2 2
Ju,
= g cd2 u du . [See 320.02.]
t a +t
y 0
212.12
[See 337.04.]
where
212.13
where
212.14 JV
00
(a2 +
.. ) dt
R(t 2
t2) (t2 - b2)

J u,
=g R[(a 2 +b 2 )ds2 u]du,

y 0
where R (t 2) is any rational function of t2 •
Irrtegrands involving l/a + t 2 2 and t6 2 __.&, (b >y :2: 0)
cp = am u 1 = cos-1 (yjb), cn u 1 = coscp.
213.00
213.01
213.02
where
Irrtegrands involving V~+t 2 and ~-1 2 , (b > y ;;;;;o). 49
213.03 [See 310.02.]
213.04 f b dt ~~-·--
2-=12
-=k 2 g
fu,sd udu.2
[See 318.02.]
~-
a2 t2 + a2 + t2
y 0
213.05 [See 321.02.]
213.06 f
b
V(a2 +
t 2 mdt
t2) (b2- t2)
= b2m
g
f cn
~
2m u d u. [See 312.05.]
y 0
b u,
213.07 f~~--=--=--=t2=d=t=·= = = = k2gjcd2udu.
(a2 + t2) V (a2 + 12) (b2 _ t2)
[See 320.02.]
y 0
f
u,
213.08 (a2:b2)m nd2mudu.
o [See 315.05.]
213.09
213.10 y=f:O, [See 316.02.]
213.11
[See 336.03.]
where
213.12 f
b
------~.---_---
(p _ t2)
(p1 -
V0i-+
t2)dt
12j{b2 _ 12)
p1 - b2
= --~--g
p- b2
f ~
1 -a~sn u
- ---du
1 - a2 sn2 u
2
'
y 0
[See 340.0 I.]
where
213.13
where R(t 2) is any rational function of t 2 •

Integrands involving Va 2 -~t2 and Vb2+ t~ ( a;:; ;:; y > 0)
214.00
1J o
Y dt
V(a2- t2) (b2 + t2)
= g fu~ U
•
o
=
=
gU
1 .
g sn-1 (sm 1p, k) = g F(1p, k).
214.01
214.02
l
where
214.03 [See 320.o2.]
214.04 [See 310.02.]
214.05 [See 318.05.]
214.06 [See 319.05.]
214.o7 y=f=a.
[See 316.02.]
214.08 [See 312.02.]
J_rl_t_V
y ------ u,
214.09 a2 - t2
b2:+-_t:
a2 - t2
= b2 gfnc 2 udu,
a2
v =f=a, [See 313.02.]
0 0
214.10
214.11
y
JVfcl2=t2)(b2 + t 2) dt =
~
214.12 J
a 2 b2 g cd 2 u nd 2 udu. [See 361.16.]
0 0
214.13
where
214.14
where
where R (t 2) is any rational function of t2 .
Iotegrands involving Vt 2 - a 2 and Vt 2 - b2, (= > y;;::; a > b > 0)

a2 1
sn 2 u = - - g=-;-,
t2 '
rp = amu1 = sin-1 (a(y), snu1 = sinrp.
JV
00 u,
215.00 dt = gjdu=gu1 =gsn -I (sinrp, k) =gF(rp, k).
(t2 - ai) (t2 - b2)
y 0
215.01
215.02 J
00
t2dt
(t2-p)y(t2-a2)(t2-b2)
=
J
g -
u,
du
2 2
1-oc sn u
= g II (rp, t/.2, k),
Y o [See 400.]
where t/.2 = pja2.
4*
52 Reduction of Algebraic Integrands to Jacobian Elliptic Functions.
215.03 ! 00
dt
12 _
l~ _
b2 Vf2=b2 - g cd u du.
fu, 2
[See 320.02.]
y 0
u,
215.04 = a2~+~Jtn2mudu, y=f=a.

o [See 316.05.]
215.05 foo
y
dt
- 2- -
2
t-a
~2-=~
- 2-
t - a2
- =
ö
fu,
g dc 2 u du, y =1= a. [See 321.02.]
00 ~
215.06 = a2~+~fsd2mudu.
f (t2 _ b2) m V dt ---
(t2 _ a2) (t2 _ b2)
y · o [See 318.05.]
215.07 [See 310.05.]
215.08 [See 312.02.]
215.09 y=!=a.
If
[See 313.02.]
~
f tn2usd2udu,
00
dt 1
215.10 (t2 _ a2) (t2 _ b2) V(t2 _ a2) (t2 _ b2)
=--
a5
0
y
y=f=a. [See361.24.]
215.11 [See 315.02.]
215.12
[See 337.04.]
where
215.13
where
215.14
where R(t 2 ) is any rational function of t2 •

Irrtegrands involving V1 -a2 and Vt
2 2- b~ (y > a > b > 0). 53
Iotegrands involving Vt 2 - a 2 and Vt 2 - b2 , (y >a >b > 0)
t2- a2 b2
sn 2 u = - - - k2 = - - g=1fa,
t2- b2 ' a2 '
sn u 1 = sin tp.
u,
216.00 =gJdu = gu1 = g sn-1 (sintp, k)

0 = g F(tp, k).
u,
= _{J__Jdn 2 udu = _{J___E(u1)
216.01 k'2 k'2
0
216.02
[See 400.]
where
216.03 Jyl;V----
t2 - /;2
I
dt = (a 2 - b2) g nc 2u du.
Ju, [See 313.02.1
t2- a2
a 0
216.04 Jv::~:~ dt = (a2- b2) g j~n2udu. [See 316.02.]

a 0
216.05 [See 310.02.]
216.06 r_ _ _t_2m---dt = a2mg~u~c2mudu. [See 321.05.]

J
a
V
(t2 - a2) (t2 - b2)
0
216.07 [See 315.02.]
216.08 dt
J --
t2
y
V
----
t2- a2
----=k
t2- b2
'2 g sd 2 udu. J u,
[See 318.02.]
a 0
216.09 [See 320.05.]
Jtn
y
JV(t
~
216.10 2 - a2)(t2-::_ b2 ) dt = (a 2 - b2 ) 2 g 2 unc 2 udu.

a 0
[See 361.07.]
216.11
216.12
where
216.13 f
y
(P1 - t2 ) dt .· .... = f.J.~_(l2_
V
(p _ 12) (t2 _ a2) (t2 ~· b2) p - a2 g
J ~
1 - cc.~~du
1 - cc.2 sn2 u '
a 0
[See 340.01.]
where ct. 2 = (p- b2 )/(P- a2 ), ct.~ = (p 1 - b2)/(P 1 - a 2 ), p =f= a 2 •
216.14
where R (t 2 ) is any rational function of t2 .
Iotegrands involving Va 2 -t'i and (t2- b2, (a;;;;:; y >b > 0)
1f v
y u,
217.00 dt ==gfdu=gu1=gsn-1(sincp,k)
(a2 - t2) (t2- b2)
b o =gF(cp,k), [cf.218.00].
217.01
Irrtegrands involving Va 2 =--t2 and Vt 2 -b 2, (a:2;y>b>O). 55
J
u,
217.02
-b 2b~p ~~:sn2u
0
b2 g
----Il(m
b2- p ,, 1)( 2
' k) ' [See400.]
where
217.03 J1ja2=12Y
V~ 2 dt=a k2
fu,cd ud~t.
2 [See 320.0Z.]
b 0
217.04 [See 318.02.]
b mg f nd "'udu.
y
f
~
12 m dt 2 2
217.05 ==~ = [See 315.05.]
V(a2 - f2) (t2 - b2)
b 0
217.06 f
y
_ _ _ _ _ t. . dt_______-_-- =
2
(a2 _ t2) V (a2 -=-72)(/2 ~ b2) k2

f
~
gk'-2 nc 2 u du
'
y=j=a.
b 0 [See 313.0Z.]
f - dt_V!. ~.!!-=gk' 2Jtn2 udu

Y -- ------ - ul
217.07 2 y=f=a. [See316.0Z.J
a2 - t2 a2 - t2 '
b 0
217.08 [See 310.02.]
JV (a -=i2f(t2- b J
y ~
217.09 2 2) dt = a2 b2 k4 g sd2 u cd 2 u du.

b 0
[See 361.27.]
217.10
217.11 [See 312.0Z.]
217.12
where
where R (t 2) is any rational function of t2 •
Integrands involving Va 2 - t2 and Vt 2 - b2, (a >y ::2:; b > 0)
1 ~
2
'".,- = amu1 = srn-
• --7 snu1 = sin1p
a2--
b2 '
..1
218.00 = gJau = gu1 = gsn-1 (sin1p, k)

0 = g F(1p, k), [cf. 217.00.]
218.01
where
218.03 [See 312.02.]
218.04
218.05 Ja- - -v--;;}:=--12

dt
t2 - b2
ful
-----=g tn udu
t2 - b2
2
'
y=j=b. [See 316.02.]
y 0
Jutegrands invorving v~ 2 - t 2 and Vt:~ -b2, (a > y :;;;;: b > o). s1
218.06 [See 314.05.]
218.07 y =F b.
[See 321.02.]
218.08 [See 320.02.]
218.09 [See 310.02.]
218.10
y
J Vfz-=-72
a dt
-
t2
-"-=gk
t2- b2
21"•sd2udu.
0
[See 318.02.]
a
JV(a -t J
~
218.11 2 2) (t 2 - b2 ) dt = (a 2 - b2) g sn 2 u cn 2 u du.

y 0
[See 361.01.]
218.12 [See 315.05.]
218.13
[See 336.03.]
where
218.15
where R(t 2 ) is any rational function of t 2 •

Integrands involving v~ 2-=ii and Vb 2 - t 2 , (a > b:;;;;: y > 0)
219.00 I v.
o
f
y
dt
(a2 - t2) (b2- t2)
0
~
= gfdu = gul = g sn-l (sintp, k)

=gF(tp,k), [cf.220.00.]
219.01
219.02
where
219.03 [See 312.02.]
219.04 [See 318.02.]
219.05 [See 310.05.]
219.06
219.07
219.08 lf 0
y
(a2 - t2) (b2 - t2)

dt
V (a2- t2) (b2 - t2)
.=-g-
a2 b2 f
0
y =F b.
u,
nc 2 und 2 udu,
[See 361.12.]
219.09 f
Y
dt ..
a2- t2
V'
-
... b2-
..
-
t2 =
a2- t2
f ut
k 2 g cd 2 udu. [See 320.02.]
0 0
Integrands involving y;;2 --12 anct Yb 2 - t2, (a > b > y ~ o). 59
219.10 [See 321.02.]
y
J V(~2-_ t2)({;2- t2) dt =
~
219.11 a2 b2 gf cn2 u dn2 u du.

0 0
[See 361.03.]
u,
219.12 gjtn2udu, y =!= b.
o [See 316.02.]
219.13
where
! -- _ V(a2-
y ~
219.14 -~-t2)d!_ _ =bß_J1-0(~Sn2 u du

(p- t2) t2) (b2 :__: t2) P 1- 0( 2 sn 2 u '
o o [See 340.01.1
where rx.~ = b2fpl' rx.2 = b2jp, p =!= 0.
219.15
where R(t2) is any rational function of t2 •
rntegrands involving Va 2 - t 2 and Vb -=--t2-, <a > b > y ~ o>

2
g = 1/a,
f
b ~
220.00 dt = gjdu = g~ = gsn-1 (sin'!j), k)

V(a2 - t2) (b2 - t2)
Y o = g F('lj), k), [cf. 219.00.]
220.01
I
60 Reduction of Algebraic Integrands to Jacobian Elliptic Functionso
f V ~-~2- f
b ~
dt a2- t 2 (a2- b2) g du
12 _ p b2 = b2 _ p 1 _ a2 sn2 u
220.02 j 0
k'2 a2 g
= - ---
,, 0( ' k) '
Jl(w [See 4000]
2
b2- p
where
220.03 [See 315.020]
220.04 !·~2
- - 12
-dt
a2- t2
= !"•
k' 2 b2 g sd2 uduo [See 318.020]
y 0
JV(tl2- t2) (b2-t 2) dt = J

b "•
220.05 k2 a 4 k' 4 g sd2u nd2u du 0
y 0
[See 361.190]
220.06 [See 320.050]
220.07 Jb -dt- ~
a2- t2
~-=k 2 g
----
a2- t2
2 !"•
sn 2 uduo [See 310.020]
y 0
220.08 [See 312.020]
220.09 y=\=Oo
[See 321.050]
220.10 - ___g_ _
(a2- b2)m
j"~n 2 mudu 0
0 [See 314.050]
JV Jt
b _____ U1
220.11 2dt b2- ~· -

-2-2 -
k'2 g n 2 u d u' y=\=00 [See 316.020]
t a - t
y 0
220.12 y=\=00 [See 313.020]
220.13
[See 339.030]
where
Irrtegrands involving Vt 2 +a2 and Vt2 +b~ (y>O; a>b). 61
where R(t2) is any rational function of t 2 .
Integrands involving Vt + a
2 2 and Vt + b
2 2, (y > 0; a >b)
a b 2 2
k2 =- - 2 - , g = 1/a ,
a
rp=amu1 =tn-1 (y/b), tnu1 =tanrp.
u,
Jv
:Y
221.00 { dt = gjdu = gu1 = g tn-1 (tanrp, k)

(t 2 +b
2) (t2 + a 2)
o o =gF(rp,k), [cf.222.00].
221.01 J :Y
dt
t2 +b2
0
...
221.02 f
0
:Y
dt
p- t•
~~
t• + a2
= ~J
p 1-
du
cx• sn• u
= b• g
p
Il(m, oc2, k).
-r
[See 4-00.]
o
where oc2 = (p + b2)fp, p =!= 0.
221.03
f
:Y
t2+as
- - d t =ga 2 dc 2 udu •
t 2 + b2
f"• [See 321.02.]
0 0
221.04-
J
:Y
t2 -
- +bd2
t2 + a2
t = gb 2 nc 2 udu. J u,
[See 313.02.]
0 0
221.05
221.06
J
y ~
221.07 I(li+-a;,)-(t• +;;;) 0/2' +- ~2)-{t• +"'"~ = a•gb• cn2 u cd2 u du 0

o [See 361.280]
o
Jdc
y ~
221.08 JV(t2+ a2){t2 +b2) dt = a2 b2 g 2 u nc 2 u du 0 [See361.130]

0 0
221.09 [See 316.050]
221.10 [See 315.020]
221.11 [See 318.020]
J~+ J
y ~
221.12 b•) V(t:·:~•) (t• +-b•) = g sn2 u du 0

[See 310.020]
0 0
221.13
y
f (p- t•)m V(t• +a•) (t• + dt gf ~
cn•mudu
b2) = pm (1- 0( 2 sn 2 u)m '
0 0
[See 338.040]
where p =f=Oo
J b2)
y ~
221.14 (p~ I•) V~i;~·~~1(t2+ = p~g-J ~=:!::::du,

o 0 [See 340.01.]
where cx~ = (P1 + b )/P1,
2 cx2 = (p + )jp, b2 p =f= 00
221.15
where R(t 2 ) is any rational function of t20
Integrands involving Va2 + t 2 and Vb + t 2 2, (= >y:;;;;; 0; a >b)
1
g= tn u 1 = tan tp,
a '
222.00 l '
f ___
00
+ V(a 2
dt___-_==-
+
t 2 ) (b 2 t2 )
0
u,
= g}.du = gu = gtn-1 (tantp k)
=
1
g F(tp, k),
'
[cfo 221.00]0
Integrands involving v~2+ 12 and Vb2+i2, (oo > y 2: o; a > b). 63
222.01
222.02 !~/!! p v~:$1: = g 1~1- :;sn ii 2 = g Il(VJ, oc 2' k);

Y o [See 400.]
where oc2 = (a2 + P)Ja2.
222.03
u,
J
00
222.04 dt .. . . . =- Ljtn 2 mu dtt y =I= 0.

t2mv(t2 + a2) (b2 +
t2) a2m '
Y o [See 316.05.]
222.05
222.06 [See 315.02.]
222.07 [See 312.02.]
222.08 y=f=O. [See 313.02.]
222.09 y=f=O. (See 321.02.]
222.10 (See 320.02.]
222.11
where
222.12
f
00 ~
(p 1 -t2Jdt -g{1-cxfsn2 udu

222.13
(p - t2) V(t2+ a2) (b2 + t2) - • 1 - cx2 sn2 u '
y o [See 340.01.]
where cx.~ = (a2 +Pl)fa2, cx.2 = (a2 +P)fa2.
222.14 fV +
00
R(t2) dt
+ b2)
= f u,
g R (a2 cs2 u) du,

(t2 a2) (t2
y 0
where R(t2 ) is any rational function of t2 •
Integrands involving Vt + e and Vt + e

2 2 2 2; e2, e2 conjugate complex
numbers, (0;:;;:;: y< oo)
225.00 I Y
fv +
00
(t2
dt
e2J (t-2 + e2J
o
~
-- =gfdu=gul=gcn-1 (coscp,k)
=gF(coscp,k), [cf. 263.00].
tz ~) ~~;)~~) dt =gJdn2udu =g E(~) =g E(cp,k).

00 u,
225.01 jV(t 2
y 0
225.02
225.03
225.04 lJy
00
t2"'V(t2 +
dt
e2) (t2 + e2) =
g
(ei?)"' ~
...
1=0
•
(- 1)"'+1 m!
(m- i) !f!
y =I= 0.
J+
0
u,
(1
du
cnu)i'
[See 341.55.]
225.05
65
u,
225.06 =g Jcd 2 udu.
0 [See 320.02.]
225.07
225.08 [See 312.02.]
225.09
y
JV +oo
(t2
R(t 2 )dt
e2) (t2 +e") =
}':• [ -_1+cnu]du,
g R
0
ee 1 - cn u
where R(t 2) is a rational function of t2 .
Integrands Involving the Square Root of the Cubic,

Vao (t+rl) (t+r2)(t+r3).
Introd uction.
We consider here the reduction of the integral 1
y
230.00 =JR(t) dt
.,
1:
V.P ,
J't
1 On setting f = t i - r1 , (r1 real), we may write
Jf~ dt = 2 JVaj/(-t;~~(::) ~:tc-+-~a- rl)

The integrals in 230.00 can therefore be reduced to those of 211-225.
One may occasionally encounter an integral in the form
J
y
tR(t 2 ) dt
~1= Vao(t2+rt) (t2+r2)(t2+~~j'
Y,
where the factors under the radical sign occur in even powers of t, with an odd
poweroft appearing outside either in the denominator or numerator. By applying
the transformation t 2 = T, it is immediately seen that such integrals are equivalent
to those given in 230.00. In this case, we thus have
y
~1 =J Va0 (r+~l(~~ :rJfr"+~~·

Yt
2
(cf. 575.10).
66 Reduction of Algebraic Jutegrands to Jacobian Elliptic Functions.
where P=a 0 (t+r 1 ) (t+r 2 ) (t+r 3 ) is a polynomial whose three linear

factors are all distinct.
By the method of partial fractions, the integral 230.00 may be ex-
pressed linearly in terms of the general integrals
r
y
. (t-WVI'.
y,
dt
Now
230.01
and if p is not a zero of P(t),
•fy--.
y,
dt . _.. _
(t _ p)m Vp -
.
2(;n-
1
1) P(p)
... __ { 2
----
Va 0 (y 1 + ~~)(y 1 + r2 )(y1 + r;;)
-(.Y;-_ p)m~l-- -- -
,____ - ----- -------- y

_ 2lf ao(Y +r1)jY:f:_1'_2)_(y + ra) _ + (5 _ 2m) a 0 } · - - -~I_ +
Vp
c""
(y _ p)m-1 (t _ p)m-3
Yt
y
230.02
+ 2(2- m) (3P + r1 + r + r 2 3 )J--·(t-_d~t ~ +
p)m-2 VP
Yt
+a 0 (3 -2m) [3 P2 + 2P (r1 + + r + r1 r + r 1 r + r
Y2 3) 2 3 2 3]r X
x / (t_:_
}'1
Pl~~IV.P}, [m =1= 1].
When P(p) = 0,
J" (t _
dt
p)mVp = (2m-1)[3P2 +
1
zp(r1 +r2 +r3) +r1 r2+r1 r3 +-r;r"J X
",
X {z~(Yl + rl)(Yl +r2) (Yl +ra)- zVao(Y+rl)(y+r2)(y+ra) +
230.03
+(3-2m)a 0 J" dt 11
(t- p)m-2 vP
+2a 0 (1-m)(3P+r1 +r 2+r3)X
",
Every elliptic integral of the form 230.00 thus depends on the three
basic integrals J dtfVJ?, JtdtfVP and J dtf(t-p) VP. The integral
J dtfVJ? is finite for all values oft and is always an integral of the first
kind. An integral of the type J t dtfVP possesses an algebraic infinity
at t = oo and Ieads to an integral of the second kind, while J dtf(t- p) VJ?
is of the third kind, becoming logarithmically infinite at the point
t=P as ± [ln(t-p)J/VP(p). [In case P(p) =0, this latter integral is
of the second kind and is algebraically infinite at t=p.]
Considering a, b, c, a1 and b1 real, one may write the radicand P(t)
in 230.00 in one of the following ways:
laol (t-a) (t-b) (t-c); Ia0 1 (a-t) (t-b) (t-c); Ia0 l (a-t) (b-t) (t-c);
Ia0 l (t-a) [(t-a1 ) 2 +b~]; Ia0 l (a-t) [(t-a1) 2 +b~]; (a > b > c).
The roots of the equation P= 0 are all real in the first three cases; but
in the last two cases, two of the roots are complex.
Reduction to J acobian normal form for the cases when the zeros
of the radicand are all real is accomplished by means of Substitutions
of the type
230.04
where A 1 , A 2 , A 3 and A 4 arereal constants chosen so that dt/VJ? =g du

and g is some real constant. If two roots of the equation P= 0 are
complex, the transformation
230.05
is employed.
5*
Table of Integrals.
The following table of integrals gives appropriate Substitutions and
carries out the reduction for the various cases of integrands involving
the square root of three linear factors. As in the previous section, one
of the limits of integration will usually be taken as a zero of the poly-
nomial under the radical sign, while the other limit is considered variable.
The tables, however, may easily be used when neither limit is fixed.
(See, for example, page 2 of the Introduction.)
Integrands involving Va- t, Vb- tand v~--~t, (a > b > c:;::;; y)
2
g = -v~~-c,
sn u1 = sin rp .
J
u,
231.00 = g du= g u1 = g sn -I (sin rp, k)

0 = gF(rp, k), [cf. 232.00.]
f _dt__V
y ~
231.01 b~t =g(ctn2 udu=gE(u1 )=gE(rp,k).

• a~t (c ~ t) (a ~ t) •
-00 0
231.02 J~_lja=-t~
p ~ t V(b=i) t)
=gj"•_dtt_
~ (c- 1
_ =gll(cp,oc2,k),
ot2 sn2 11
-oo o [See 400.]
where oc2 = (a- P)/(a- c).
!___!!_V
y ~
231.03 a~t = Jnd2udu. [See 315.02.]

b~ t (c ~ t) (b ~ t) g
-oo 0
231.04 [See 321.02.]
J V
y ~
231.05 dt_ a~ t =g{.nc2udu. [See 313.02.]

c- t (b ~ t) (c ~ t) •
-00 0
J__dt_l/
Y ut
231.06 c~ t = gj'cd2 u du. [See 320.02.]

b- t {a- t) (b ~ t)
-00 0
Integrands involving v~-=-t. V6-=t and Vc-=t, (a > b > c :;;;-; y)o 69
231.07
.
-00
r_d_t_v
y
a- t
·-----~---~~
c-t
(a- t) (b - t) •
0
ul
=g(cn2uduo [See 312.020]
r
y ~
231.08 dt = -~g~Jsn2muduo
• (a- t)m W"'- t) (b- t) (c- t) (a- c)m
-oo 0 [See 310.050]
f
y ~
231.09 dt = g {sd2mudu.
• (b- t)m V(a- t) (b- t) (c- t) (a- c)m.
-oo [See 318.050]
r
y ~
231.10 dt =---g-Jtn2mudu, y=j=co

• (c-t)mV(a-t) (b-t)(c-t) (a-c)m
-oo 0 [See 316.050]
ul
231.11 = _g_{sn 2usd 2udu,

(a- c) 2 •
0
y =1= c 0 [See 361.250]
ul
231.12 = _g_{sn 2utn 2udu,

(a- c) 2 •
0
y =1= c. [See 361.290]
_g_~u~d 2 utn 2 udu,

231.13
(_[b ··•I I•- •I VI• "'_'I lb- 'I I•- 'I =
(a- c) 2
0
y =1= c [See 361.240]
Il t. -
0
231.14 'I I' . 'I I· _ 'I

~
v~. _.; ·~I· ·~
I' _ _
= _g_3 Jsn 2u sd 2 u tn 2udu, y =1= co [See 361.300]
(a- c)
0
231.15
[See 337.040]
where rx.2 = (a- P)j(a- c)o
y
JiP=0v(:-=~~~=l)
~
231.16
= gI-~=-~~::~~ au,
-oo o [See 340.01.]
where rx.i=(a-P1 )j(a-c), rx. 2 =(a- P)j(a-c)o
JV
y ~
231.17 R(l)dl =gjR [a-(a-c)ns2 u]du,

(a- I) (b- I) (c- I)
-oo 0
where R(t) is any rational function of t.
Integrands involving Va- t, Vb- t and Vc- t, (a > b> c > y)
sn u
2
=
c- I k2 = a-=: b
7)~-1 ,
a- c'
q; = am u1 = sin - 1 V c- Y ,
b-y
sn u 1 = sin <p.
Ja u
u,
232.00 = g = g u1 = g sn - 1 ( sin q;, k)

0 =gF(q;,k), [cf.231.00].
232.01
232.02
[See 400.]
where P=f=.c.
232.03 J~-~~ V--

e dl c=-- I
(a-l){b-1) =
--- b- c
a-c g.
ru·d2
5 udu. [See 318.02.]
y 0
c ---- u,
232.04 [ ___!!____V--- c ~I__ __ = g {sn2 u du. [See 310.02.]
• b- I (a- I) (b- I) •
y 0
232.05 J V
c
-dl-
a- I
---··-------
b-
(a- I) (c -I)
I
---~-
J U1
- k'2 g n d2 u d u. [See 315.02.]

y 0
c I ________ u,
232.06
y
f
. V (b -
l I ___a_=-!____ . d t =
I) (c - I)
(a - c) gjdc 2 u du.
0
[See 321.02.]
Irrtegrands involving lfa=l, Vb-t and Vc-t, (a>b>c>y). 71
232.07 [See 313.02.]
f V___ ~t__
c ~----- 1l1
232.08 c __ dt = (b- c) gjtn 2 udu. [See 316.02.]

(a- t) (b- t)
y 0
232.09 fV
c --·------·------
(a- t) (b- t)
----~=~--
_ (
dt- a-c) ( b-c ) g nc 2 u d c 2 udu. f u1
Y 0 [See 361.13.]
JV(a -bt~ct-
C ______ -------·- _______ _ Ut
232.10 t) dt = (a- c) (b- c) gjtn 2 u dc 2 u du.

Y 0 [See 361.15.]
fV jtn u nc u d u.
c ·-----· _ u1
232.11 t) (c---t)
..(b--;-_:__ dt -_ (b - c)2 g 2 2
1
y o [See 361.07.]
c
1
JV-:--(a----c-t)-:-:-(b--tc:-)(c-c--t) dtu,
Y
232.12
= (a-c)(b-c) 2 gJtn 2 udc 2 unc 2 udu [See 361.17.]
0
f
c u,
232.13 dt =-L-jcd2mudu.
(a- t)m V(a- t)(b--- t) (c- t) (a- c)m
Y 0 [See 320.05.]
232.14
232.15
=
(a- c) (b- c)
g -- -Ju~n 2 ucd 2 udu. [See 361.28.]
0
232.16 f
c
tm
dt
V(a- t) (b~ t) (c- t)
g
= -~,;,-
f u,
cn2mudu
. ( 1 ~.rx 2 snil~f' '
y o [See 338.04.]
where oc 2 = bjc.
232.17
where
232.18 J
c
--
(P1 -
(P-t) V~-=-
t) dt
--- ·-c--- ---- --
tru;-=-iilc- tf
-- c- =-p---
1 - c g
P- c
J ~
1 - et.i sn 2 u-du
------
1- et.2 sn 2 u ,
Y 0 [See 340.01.]
where IX~= (P1 - b)j(P 1 - c); 1X 2 = (P- b)j(p- c), Pf-c.
232.19
y
J"V R(t)dt
(a- t) (b - t) (c - t)
=
g•
0
fu~[c-bsn 2 u]du,
cn2 u
lntegrands involving Va- t, Vb-- t and Vt- c, (a > b ~ y > c)
V--
2 b- c 2
k =---, g=-v·=,
a-c a-c
1p = am u 1 =
. -1
s1n -y---c, sn u1 = sin 1p .
b-c
233.00
1V J
c
Y dt
(a- t) (b- t) (t - c)
= gJu~u
o
=_
=
g u1 =
g F(1p, k),
g sn - 1 (sin 1p, k)
[ cf. 234.00].
233.01
1JYV-
•
--"-~ 1
(b- t) (t- c)
dt = (a- c) gfu~n2 u du= (a- c) g E(u
o = (a- c) g E(1p, k).
1)
233.02
where 1X 2 = (b- c)j(p- c), Pf-c.
233.03 [See 310.02.]
233.04 Jyv=--~~~=~ dt(a- t) (t- c)

= (b- c) gfu~n2udu. [See 312.02.]
0
233.05 fV (a -bt~(~~~C) dt = (a- c) (b- c) g ~~n 2 u dn2udu.

0 [See 361.02.]
Integrands involving Va- t, Vb- t and Vt- ~. (a >b :2; y >c). 73
233.06 .tv(t-: :"!_bt~ t) dt = (b- c)2 g j~n2 u cn2 u du.

0 [See 361.0 I.]
JV{a --:-~~~-=-0-
y .. . ~
233.07 dt = (b _ c) (a _ c) gfcn2 u dn2 u du.
l
o [See 361.03.]
jv(a-t)(IJ~tf(t-c) dt
233.08
= (a- c) (b- c) 2 g! u,
sn2 u cn 2 u dn 2 u du. [See 361.04.]
r
y u,
233.09 --~d-~--~~~ __r;_ -- {nd 2 mu du.
. (a- t)m V(a- t) (b- t) (t- c) (a- c)m.
c
o [See 315.05.]
233.10 1/~, ~ ·~~ v'(=a--=-=d=:)=(b=-=1=)(=t_ c) (b- c)m.

0
r u,
- g -- nc 2m u d u
'
y =F b. [See 313.05.]
(( --===---dt~
233.1l
! ; (a -- t) (b- t) V(a- t) (b- t) (t- c)
I
u,
= g -Jnc 2 und 2 udu, y=j=b. [See361.12.]

(a- c) (b- c)
l 0
233.12
[See 336.03.]
where 1X 2 = (b- c)/(P- c), p=j=c.
233.13 I. - V
y
dt
• a- t
___ ____________
b_ t
(a - t) (t- c)
_
= b- c . g
a- c •
r U1
cd2 u d u
·
[See 320.02.]
0
233.14
, I. - V- --
y
dt
a- t
c
t _~~=
(a - t) (b - t) a- c
c
b.. _ --g f u,
sd2 u d u. [See 318.02.]
0
233.15 y =F b.
[See 321.02.]
dl V
233.16
•
fy---·-
b-1
(
I-
)(
a-t b-1
c .
) =g tn 2udu,
fu,
y=j=b. [See316.02.l
0
u,
f
y
233.17 ===lm=d=l====cmg}.[1- c-IJ_sn2u]mdu.

v~-00-0v-0 c
c 0
[See 331.03.]
233.18
f
y ~
233.19 (Pr- I) dl . . . ~= Pr- c gfL:-_oci_s_f12_u du'

(p- I) V(a- I) (b- 1) (1- c) P- c 1 - oc2 sn 2 u
c 0
[See 340.01.]
where rJ. 2 = (b- c)/(P- c), p=l= c.
f gf R
y ~
233.20 R(t) dt
---·-··-~---·· = [c- (c- b) sn 2 u] du,
V(a- I) (b -I) (1- c)
c 0
Integrands involving Va - t, Vb - t and lft - c, (a> b> y 2 c)
2
g = -v~-=-:~,
sn u 1 = sin rp .
234.00 J Iv(a -t)(bd~ I) v'-J = g J~u = gulg sn-l (sinrp, k)

=
l! 1•-'IVI•-~ 1'
ly 0 =gF(rp,k), [cf.233.00].
u,
234.01
1 'iit 'i
= __ L
a-b.
{dn2 tt du
0
= g __ E (u1) = _g_ -E (rp, k).
a-b a-b
I
Integrands involvingVa-1, Vb=f and Vt-c, (a>b>y:2:c). 75
I p--=-i V p-~-b g f 1 -
b ~
dt a- t a-b du
234.02 (b- t) (t- Cf = a2 sn2 u
y 0
a-b
= ------
p- b g n (m
,,
01: 2 k)
' '
[See 400.]
where rx 2 =k 2 (p-a)J(p-b(, P=f=b.
234.03
f
<
j {;:- t)(t-~-c)Y(:~
y
t)
u
(b- t) (t- c).
~ = (a _ b)g{b- c)J~n 2 u dc 2 u du, y =f= c. [See 36UI.]

0
234.04
! --- _____
b ~
234.05 dt___ _ _ _ = ~-g--Jdn 2 mudu.

(a- t)m V(a- t) (b- t) (t- c) (a- b)m
Y 0 [See 314.05.]
b I ____ · - · U1
234.06 Jv _a=-~-dt=(a-b)gjnd 2 udu. [See 315.02.]

(b- t) (t- c)
y 0
b ~
234.07 fv~-~-b-~ i~-~~ dt =

(a- t) (t- c)
k'2 (b- c) gjsd2u du. [See 318.02.]
y 0
b ~----~~~ u,
234.08 J lj _ _ 1 - c-dt = (b- c) g{cd 2 udu. [See 320.02.]
V (a- t) (b - t) •
y 0
b -~~---- ut
234.09 JV_(-~-=/~bc-:- t) d t = (b- c) (a- b) k' 2 gJsd 2u nd2 u du.

Y 0 [See 361.19.]
b ______ ul
234.10 JV(a-bt~t~-~ dt =(a-b) (b- c) gJcd 2 und 2 udu.

Y 0 [See 361.16.]
234.11
l
f vr-ca----,-t)---cc(b-----ct)--:-(c-----ct) d t
b
u,
Y
234.12
= (a-b) (b- c) 2k' 2g Jnd2u sd2 u cd2u du. [See 361.18.]
0
b ~
234.13 J~v t- c
a-t
(b - t) (t- c)
dt= k' 2 gfnc 2 udu,
k2
y=f=c.
Y 0 [See 313.02.]
b ~
234.14 J~V b-t

t - c (a- t) (t- c)
dt=k' 2 Jtn2udu
g '
y=f=c.
y o [See 316.02.]
!
b -- u,
234.15 _.!:!__ 1fb= t dt = k2 Jsn 2 u du. [See 310.02.]
a-t V~t-c) g
y 0
234.16 fV b
tmdt
(a- t) (b- t) (t- c)
dt=gbm fu'( a
1 - -k2
s n2 u
b
(1 - k 2 sn2 u)m
)m
du.
y 0
[See 340.04.]
234.17 f
b
dt
emv(a- t) (b_:_ t) (t- c) =
g
-b",
f (1- ~
dn 2 mudu
ak2 sn;u)m.
y 0 b
[See 339.04.]
b ~
234.18 _________d!_ ________ _ _g__J dn 2 mudu

J
(p-t)mV(a-t)(b-t)(t-c)- (p-b)m (1-rr.2 sn2 u)m'
y 0
[See 339.04.]
where (J.2=k2(p -a)/(P- b), p=f=b.
b ~
(p1 - t) dt _ (p1 - b) J 1 - rr.~ sn2 u d
234.19 J ~~~====~======- g 1-rr.2 sn2 u,
(p-t)V(a-t)(b-t)(t-c) P-b u
y 0
[See 340.01.]
where
J
b u,
234.20 R(t) dt jR [ b - a k2 sn2 u] d
V (a - t) (b - t) (t - c) = g dn2 u u'
y 0

Integrands involving v~- t, ve=--b and Vt- ~ (a :::;;;; y > b > c)
sn2 u = _(a:-:-__c:l_(t-=-b)_ k2 = _t:_:- b ' 2
g=--
v(a-
(a- b) (t- c) ' a- c Va- c
. -1 c) (y - b)
rp = amu1 = sm (a _ b) (y=~) , sn u 1 = sin rp .
235.00
IJ b
YV dt
(a- t) (t- b) (t - c)
=gju~u=gu1 =gsn-1 (sinrp,k)
0 = g F(rp, k) . [cf. 236.00].
235.01
235.02
[See 400.]
where
ri!_·V (t- t -
.f t -
y ~
235.03 b = k2fsn2udu. [See 310.02.]

c c) (a- t) g
b 0
y ~
235.04 { --- _dt _ . = g {dc 2 mudu, y=f=a.

. (a- t)mV(a- t) (t- b) (t- c) (a- b)m.
b o [See 321.05.]
J·v
y ~~----- u.
235.05 t-c dt=(b-c)g{nd 2udu. [See315.02.J
(a- t) (t - b) •
b 0
{V
y ~
235.06 t-b dt=(b-c)gk 2 {sd 2 udu. [See318.02.]

. (a - t) (t - c) •
b 0
y ;-· u.
235.07
• { 11 a-t
V (t- b) (t- c)
dt=(a-b)g{cd 2udu.
•
[See320.02.]
b 0
235.08
•
b
r 1r ~
ydt
a- t ' (a - I) (t -- c)
= g k' 2 .fu~n 2 udu, y =f=a, [See316.02.J
•
0
I V(a -/~(tc-
y u,
235.09 b) dt = (a _ b) (b _ c) g k 2Isd 2u cd2u du.
b o [See 361.27.]
235.12 I
Y
dt -
--
t- c
11 (t- a-
.
t
b) (t- c)
= ----g
a- b
b- c
r
•
ul
cn 2 u d u. [See 312.02.]
I _ _ lG_
b 0
235.13
Y dt
a- t
I-
(I - b) (a - t)
c c Iu,
=- b----g nc 2 udu
a- b
y=j=a.
'
b 0 [See 313.02.]
y
J
~
235.14 rvca ~t) (t ~ b) (t -- c) d t=g(a- b) (b- c)Z k2 sd2u cd2und2udu.

b 0
[See 361.18.]
235.15
235.16
b
J Y tmdt
V(a-t)(t-b)(t- c) =g
bmfu, (1- ~Sll2 Ur
(1-k2sn2u)m du.
0
[See 340.04.]
235.17
where oc 2 =(a-b) (c-p)j(a-c) (b-p), p=j=b.
235.18 I
y
- - --------P1 ) dt-
(I-
(t- p) V(a- t) (t- b) (t-
---
c)
(b- p1) g ---
- -_ ----- r ~
1 - rxi sn 2 u d
-- - u
b- P • 1 - rx2 sn 2 u '
b 0
where [See 340.01.]

oci=(a-b) (c-p 1 )j(a-c) (b-p 1),
oc 2 =(a-b) (c-p)j(a -c) (b-p), p=j=b.
Irrtegrands involving v;i=t. Vt---=b and v~--=~ (a >y ;;::; b >c). 79
235.19 J
y
tm
dt
v(~=--0it-=--b)(t~-~- = bm
g J ~
(1-
dn 2 mudu
c k_~--::;~-)- .n·,
b 0 b
[See 339.04. J
235.20 f
y
R(t) dt
• V(a- t) (t- b) (t- c)
=
~
gfR [ b~ c k 2_sn_:_u
dn 2 u
l du
'
b 0
Integrands involving Va ~ t, Vt~_:_b and Vt ~-~ (a >y ~ b > c)
2
- a__-=._IJ_ ' g = -,,cc..=··
va- c
J... 2 =
a-c
1p = am u 1 = . -ltia--·y
sm ! -- · -- , snu1 = sin1p.
a-b
l ! VIa ~t)'!/~b:;(t ~~)

J
a 'Ur
236.00 = g (du= g u 1 = g sn -l(sin 1p, k)

0 =gF(1p,k). [cf.235.00J.
236.01 1/. ~1/.V __!_~~;_ =dt=(a~c)g{"~n 2 ud~t=(a-c)gE(u1 )
l
(a- t) (t- b) •
Y 0 =(a~c)gE(1p,k).
236.02
J
y
a
(t-
dt
PJ V(a- 7){t ~/;pt::.:..·XJ =
r; ~~ 1
-;;=P. -1-=- chn2 u
0
du
= _g__Jl(1p,rx. 2 ,k), [See400.]

a-p
where rx.'-'=(a~b)j(a~p), P=f=a.
236.03
. I~ 1/~--~ =-b_=- dt
~ ~-0«-~
= (a ~ b) g ru~n 2 u du.
.0
[See 312.02.]
y
f v(t __.bj(i-=-- cj dt ~ (a ~ b) gfsn u du

a ( --;;=~t~- ~ u, 2
236.04 0
[See 310.020]
y 0
.{V_(a-_--/~tc-
a . _ ·----- U1
236.05 b) d t = (a ~ b) 2 g.fsn 2 u cn 2 udu [See 361.010] 0
y 0
SO .Reduction of Algebraic Irrtegrands to Jacobian Elliptic Functions.
236.06 .!v(a -/~(tb-

Y
c) dt =(a-b) (a- c) g.f~n 2 u dn
0
2 u du.
[See 361.02.]
JV(t- :~t;
a ~
236.07 c) dt =(a-b) (a- c) g.fcn 2 u dn 2 u du.

Y 0 [See 361.03.]
a ~
236.08 JV(a~~t) (t _::: b)(t _:__ c)d t = (a- b) 2(a- c) gf sn 2u cn 2u dn 2u du.

y 0
[See 361.04.]
a u,
236.09
.
y
f ~~d=t~-=~~
(t- b)m V(a- t) (t- b) (t- c)
g_ --Jnc 2mudu y=j=b
(a- b)m ' ·
0 [See 313.05.]
J
a u,
dt
236.10 § {nd 2mudu.
(t- c)m v-(a---=t)_:_(t-------"-b)-(t-'-_----"c) (a- c)m,
y 0 [See 315.05.]
j t ~~ V(t _ ab~/-c)
a ~
236.11 b = g.ftn 2 ~t du, y =l= b. [See 316.02.]

y 0
r 1/
a ~
236.12 dt a-t - k2fd2 d [See 318.02.]

. t---c- ~ (t- b) (t- c) - g • s U u·
y 0
a , __ u1
236.13 r _dt_···l/--1~!'_
• t- b (t- b) (a- t)
= gjdc2udu, y=j=b.
k2
[See321.02.]
y 0
f
a _________ _ U1
236.14 _!._t_l/- t-b =gk2{cd2udu. [See 320.02.]

. t - c ~ (a - t) (t - c) •
Ij(,
y 0
''I (' 1) Vif'_ 1) iT b)-(t -cj
l
236.15
~ I~ corl~cc ,j/~c'u nd'u du, y 4o b. [Sec 361.12.]
236.16 f
a
----
• v(-;;- __:-t) (t-
tm dt-
b) (t- c)
- _- am g I[ ~
1- a-b
a
- sn2 u lm d u .
y 0
[See 331.03.]
Irrtegrands involving Vt- a, Vt:____ band Vt~c, (y >a >b >c). 81
236.17
[See 336.03.]
where
236.18
[See 340.01.]
where a..2=(a-b)j(a-p), P=f=a.
f
a
dt
236.19
---
--i)7F- b) (t --
-~----------
tm V{a c)
y
[See 336.03.]
f ____ =-b)
a ~
236.20 R_(tl__!,t_ _____ = g.{R [a- (a-b) sn 2 u] du,

v~-=tiTt (t - c)
y 0
Integrands involving Vi:::__ -d, Vt_:::_:_b and Vt- c, (y > a > b> c)
2 t- a k2 = ~-- c 2
sn u = -i=-b-' a- c' g= I '
}a- c
'f! = am u 1 = . -11/y-a-
s1n 1 - -- --- , snu1 = sincp.
y-b
237.00 l y
{ -=-- _!_t -_
-==-'- =
• v(t-a)(t-b)(t-c)
gjdu
u.
= g u 1 = g sn -I (sin cp, k)
l
a 0 = g F(cp, k).
f t =b 1V
u.
y dt ~-~---
L {dn2 u du= _lJ__E(u1)
237.01 a (t- a) (t- b) k'2 • k'2
0
= k~2 E(cp, k).
l
f
---- u,
f
y I ·-----
V
t- b a-b du
a~n 2 ~
dt
237.02 t- p (t- a) (t- c) = a- gp 1 -

a 0
= a~_!J_ g IJ (cp, rJ..2, k). [See 400.]
a-p
where rJ.. 2 =(b-p)j(a-p), P=f=a.
V___
y ~
237.03 J t ---::(l _ dt =(a-b) gJtn 2 u du. [See 316.02.]

(t- b) (t- c)
a 0
f V__
y --------- u,
237.04 t --=-!___dt =(a-b) gJnc 2 udu. [See 313.02.]

. (t- a) (t- c)
a 0
f V-- t=c--dt = (a- c) gJdc udu.

y u,
237.05 2 [See 321.02.]

. (t- a) (t- b)
a 0
y u,
237.06 J v(t-ta~(t; c) dt =(a-b) (a- c) gJtn 2 u dc2udu.

a 0 [See 361.15.]
v(t- ;~(tc- bldt

y ----- u,
237.07 J = (a- b) 2 gJtn 2 unc 2 udu.

a 0 [See 361.07.]
237.08 • fV
Y ,----
- - 1b)_ (t-
-(t- -a--
---
c) dt -_ (a - b) (a - c) g Jd ul
c 2 u nc 2 u d u.
a 0 [See 361.13.]
237.09 [See 310.02.]
u,
f__!t- v-~-
y ------
237.10 = k' 2 gfsd 2 u du. [See 318.02.]

• t- c (t - b) (t - c)
a 0
y ·------ u,
2 gfnd 2 udu.
t - c v~b--=k'
J~
237.11 [See 315.02.]
(t - a) (t- c)
a 0
237.12
Irrtegrands involving Vt- a, Vt- b and Vi- c, (y >a >b >c). 83
237.13
237.14
[See 361.28.]
237.15 l a
y
JV(t- a) (t- b} (t- c) dt

= (a- b) (a- c) g J tn 2
0
u,
2 u nc 2 u dc 2 u du. [See 361.17.]
b 'm
Y tmdt m Ju, ( 1 - --,_;sn2u)
237.16 J
a
v(t- a) (t- b) (t- c)
= a g
0
-----du.
(1- sn2 u)m
[See 340.04.]
237.17
where rx 2 =(b-P)/(a-p), Pc:f=a.
J-(t ~ p)- V(t _:::-af(t ~ i)(t- c) -

y ~
237.18 (t-p 1 )dt . . - a - p1 r1-cxisn2 ud

a- P.g. 1- cx2 sn 2 u u,
a 0
[See 340.01.]
where rx 2 =(b-P)/(a-p), Pc:f=a.
237.19
[See 338.04.]
f v(t-
y ~
237.20 R(t)dt --=gjR[a-bsn 2 u]du

a) 't- b) (t- c) cn2 u '
a ' 0

6*
Integrands involving (t=~, lit=b and Vt- c, (= > y :;-:;;; a > b > c)
2
g= ---===-
Va- c
sn u 1 = sin tp .
238.00
l Y
!00---~--- = g t'!~u = g u
• v(t- a) (t- b) (t- c)
0
•
1
=gF(tp,k).
= g sn -I (sin tp, k)
238.01 f t -r!_t c lVI (t -

•
oo 1- b
a) (t - c)
= g}~~n 2 u du = g E (u 1) = g E (tp, k) .
y 0
238.02 J~d!_ 1{ t-c

t - p V(t- (t- a) b)
=gfu,
• 1-
du
()(2 sn2 u
=gll(tp,a2,k),
0
y
[See 400.]
where rr.. =(p-c)j(a-c).
J
00 u,
dt
238.03 = g {sn2 mu du.
(t - c) m v-:-c(t---a--;-)-;-:(t---bc;-;-)--;-(tc-------cc) (a- c)m.
y
[See 310.05.]
J.
u,
{sd mudu.
00
dt
238.04 ----- - ------- --·---------.- = _g_ __ 2
(t- b)mv(t- a) (t- b) (t- c) (a- c)m.
y 0 [See 318.05.]
J
u,
j'tn
00
238.05
dt = g __
___ 2m u du, y =!= a.
(t- a)mv·-;c(t-----;a)c-:(c:-t_---;b-c-) (I=~) (a- c)m
y 0 [See 316.05.]
238.06
[See 337.04.]
where a 2 = (p- c)j(a- c).
oo .----- u1
238.07 r .~Ll;~? ____ =g{dc2 udu, y=j=a.

• t -- a ~ (t- c) (t- a) •
[See321.02.]
y 0
238.08 .rt~; v(t-tal(tc~b~ ==g.f~c 2 udu, y=j=a. [See313.02.]

y 0
Integrands involving Vt- a, ~ and Vt- c, (oo >y:;;;; a >b >c). 85
! _!!__V
00 ~
238.09 t- a =gjcn2udu. [See 312.02.]

t- c (t- b) (t- c)
y 0
J_!!__l!V
00 - ~
238.10 t-a =gjcd2udu. [See 320.02.]

t- b (t- b) (t- c)
y 0
J_.!:.!__V
00 ~
238.11 t-c =gfnd2udu. [See 315.02.]

t- b (t- a) (t- b)
y 0
J
00 u,
238.12 (t-pl)dt = r~ocfsn~~du
(t- p) V(t- a) (t- b) (t- c) g. 1 - oc2 sn 2 u '
Y 0 [See 340.01.]
where IX~=(P1 -c)j(a-c); tX 2 =(P-c)j(a-c).
!----
00 ~
238.13 dt . ·=-g-Jsn2 usd 2 udu.

(t- c) (t- b) V(t- a) (t- b) (t- c) (a- c) 2
v 0 [See 361.25.]
g Ju,
1
oo dt
J ~----:-~----:~=~:===:::7=··;=====o:- = - - sn 2 u tn 2 udu,
238.14 (t- c) (t- a) V(t- a) (t- b) (t- c) 2 (a- c)
y 0
- y =I= a. [See 361.29.]
~-------- .
238.15
1! y
dt
(t- a) (t- b) v(t- a) (t- b) (t- c)
=-g-Ju~n2usd2udu,
(a- c) 2
y =I= a.
0
[See 361.24.]
f f 00
l
(t- a) (t- b) (t- c)V(t- a) (t- b) (t- c)-
238.16
Y = __ g_aJu~n2"usd2 utn2 udu,
(a- c)
(y=f=a). [See 361.30.]
0
238.17
[See 337.04.]
where
u,
f Vtt-
00
238.18 R(t) dt = g{R [c + (a- c) ns 2 u] du,

a) (t- b) (t- c) •
y 0

86 Reduction of Algebraic Jutegrands to Jacobian Elliptic Functions.
lntegrands involving a, -b and Vt- Vt Vt- c;

a real, b, c complex, (y > a)
Cnu __ A + a -~_!_ k2 A + b1-=-ll__ 1

VA'
__
A - a +t ' 2A ' g =
A 2 = (b1 - a) 2 + a~, (t- b) (t- c) = (t- b) (t- b) = (t- b1 ) 2 + a~;

4 -b)2
(b-
a12 = - - - -, b1 = b +2!_ = b +2 b'
rp=amu =cos-1
1
[A+a-y],
A-a+y
cn u 1 = cos rp .
239.00 { Jv(t-
a
Y _ _ __ _dt __ __
a) [(I- b1)2
_ __
+ a~]
= gju,du = g u 1 = g cn - 1 (cosrp, k)
0 = g F(rp, k). [cf. 241.00].
239.01 { J___+d_~----v·-
y
(A t - a) 2
(t- b11~±_~~ =
t- a
u,
gjdn2 u du= g E(u1 )
I
a 0 = g E(rp, k).
J
y
(A + t - a) 2 dt
a [(A + t - a) 2 - 4A rx2 (t- a)] V(t- a) [(t- b + aiJ 1) 2
239.02 u,
= gf--d2tt___2_
1 - rx sn u
= g II(rp, rx.2, k). [See 400.]
0
239.03 [See 361.53.]
239.04
J
y --- u,
239.05 dt 1/ 1 - a
_
(A + a- t)2 V(t- b )2 + a~
- J-jtn2udu
- 4A ·
[See316.02.]
1
a 0
239.06
I
Integrands involving Vt 3 - 1, (y >1). 87
239.07
fy~----t~dt
v(t- -
+ a) [(t- b1) 2 aiJ
..
a ~
=g(a-A)F(cp,k)+2gAj-du_. [See 341.53.]

l 1 + cnu
0
239.08
Integrands involving yea--=-1, (y > I)
Sp'ecial cn u = V3 + 1-=-!_ k2 = 2 :- j.3 g= 1/V3,

case V3- 1 + t • 4 •
of 239: -Yl
V3 +_ 11 +;
tp = am u1 = cos -1 [
-V.3 J, cn u1 = cos tp .
y u,
240.00 fv/~ 1 =g Jdu = gu1 = g F(cp, k). [cf. 242.00].

1 0
240.01 f
Y
.dt
(VJ+t-1)
2
VI
-------
12 + t + 1 =g
1-1
--
-
f ul
dn 2 udu=gE(u1 ) =gE(cp,k).
1 0
240.02
240.03 f V12+ +1
y
l/t-1
-----
t
d
t =
v-J Ut
3 1+-;;n:;-
1-cnu d
u. [See 361.53.]
1 0
240.04 [See 310.02.]
=g 1- V3 F(tp,k) + 2gV3-f- - - .
y
f ~-
~
240.05 t dt ( -) du
1
Vta- 1 + u 0
1 cn
[See 341.53.]
240.06
m ut
g '\'m!(a.:-1)if du
(1 - Vi - p) m L..J j! (m - j) ! (1
]~0 0
+ a.: cn u )7 '
P=l=1. [See341.05.]
where
240.08 [See 316.02.]
240.09 [See 318.02.]
240.10 .
.rVt3 _
V
R(t) dt =
1 •
U1
g{R [_1_-t_Y3 + (!=Ji3) cn u_l du,

1 + cn u
-
1 0
Iotegrands involving Vt- a, Vt -- b and Vt =-c; a real, b, c complex

(oo > y:;;;:; a)
t--a-A
cnu =
t-a+A'
1
(t- b) (t-c) =
-
(t- b) (t-b) = (t-b1) 2 +a 1 ,
2 b+ b
b1 = -2- ,
g=vA,
(b- bl 2
al
2
=- 4 ' rp = amu1 = cos -1 [ -y-
- -a-Al
--- , cn u 1 = cos rp .
y-a+A
241.00
241.01 J
oo
--
(t-a+A) 2
dt
----- V (t-
- - -b1)
t-a
_ ____ ___
- - -af
2
-= g
_________
+ J ul
dn 2 udu=gE(u1 )=gE(rp,k).
y 0
Integrands involving Vt 3 -1, (oo >y ::2:: 1). 89
f Joo
[(t- a + A )2 - 4A
(t- a
rx 2
+ A)2 dt
(I - a)] V(t- a) [(t- b + aiJ 1) 2
.241.02 ~ y U1
Il = gj.~-:~- = gll(rp, o: 2 , k).

1-rxsnu
[See 400.]
0
00 u
241.03
Y
f (t- a) v(t=a;~(t- b1) 2 + aiJ = ~I:~~~: du·
0 [See 361.53.]
241.04
o:=(A -a+p)j(A +a-p).
241.05
V
oo -~---- __ ut
241.06 J-(t-.::_-!~-A)2 (t _
1
bJi{l+ af = -!xftn udu. 2 [See 316.02.]
y 0
241.07 ! 00
[(t-
dt
b1 ) 2 + ai]
v--~-=-a g Jul 2
(i- bJ2+ ai - 4X sd u du.
-
y o [See 318.02.]
JV . . gfR [a + A + (A-u a)_<:_[lU.] du,

00 ftl
241.08 R(t)dt . . . =
y
(t- a) [(t - b )2
1
+ a2] 1 0
1 - cn
where R(t) is a rational function of t.
Integrands involving Vt I, ( oo > y :;;;;; I)
n,
3 -
cn u = : ~ :=; k2 = 2 ~f3, g= 1/V3,

l
Special
case of 241:
rp = am u1 = cos -l Y- 1 - V~ ], cn u1 = cos rp .
y- 1 + V3
J
00 u.
242.00 -V_dt- = gjdu = gu1 = gcn-1 (cosrp, k) = gF(rp, k).
13 - 1
y 0 [ cf. 240.00].
242.01
242.02
j .~ crit,t_ du
CO u,
242.03 f--~-1 - - = g 1 y =F 1. [See 361.53.]

y
(t-1)V,a-.=-1 V3 1+cnu ,
0
242.04
where r1. =(V3 -1 +P)/(V3 + 1- p).
242.05
242.06
where
242.07 f
CO
(t-1)dt
(t- 1 - V3lz Vta- 1 = 4-
g
"(3-
f ~
tn2 u du.
[See 316.02]
y 0
jR [
u,
±W3 = 1) cn_2!] du,
CO
242.08 f
. Vt 3
_!!(.Qcl_!
-1
=g 1_+ _V3
1 - cn u
y 0

Va- t, Vt- b and Vt- ,:; a real, b, c complex, (y< a). 91
lntegrands involving Va- t, Vt- b and Vt- c; a real, b, c complex,

(y< a)
cn u = ~~=~:, k2 = A~2j_±fl., g =V; , A2 = (b1 - a)2 +ai,
(t- b) (t- c) = (t- b) (t- b) = (t- b1) 2 + ai; ai = - Jb~~r'

4
_
cp- amu1 _
- cos _1 [ A-
-- a+-y] , cnu1 _ cosrp.
-
A+a-y
243.00
l ···· -
J aV(a- t)
- dt ____ =
[(t- b1)2 + a~]
gJu~u = g u 1 = g cn - 1 (cos cp, k)
g F(cp, k). [ cf. 245].
l
Y 0 =
243.01
a dt
J (t-a-A) v(t-b1)2+af=gJu~n2udu=gE(u)1
2 a-t
Y 0 =gE(cp,k).
jI a
(t-a+A) 2 dt
+ aiJ
l
[(t- a- A) 2 - 4A 2 a 2 (t- a)] V(a- t) [(t- b1 )2
243.02 ~
= gJ-- ~u- - = g II(cp, IX 2, k). [See 400.]

2 1 - a sn u
2
0
JV VA J + cncn_1!u dU ·
a ,-------- u1
243.03 a- t dt = 1- [See 361.53.]
(t- b1)2 + a~ 1
y 0
J .___-J~-A)i
a u.
243.04 -(i a- 1 = ...ff.Jsn2udu. [See 310.02.]

(t-b 1 ) 2 +a~ 4A
y 0
J V(a- dt
a
243.05 ---------
+ aiJ
-~--~---- ----
(t- p) t) [(t- b1 )2
y
[See 361.59.]
where IX= (a +A -P)/(a-A -p).
243.06
243.07 J
a
tdt
----~--~--=g(a
V(a- t) [(t- b1)2 + aiJ
+A)F(cp,k) -2gA J ~
du
-~-.
1 +cn u
y 0
[See 341.53.]
f -V .
a ~
243.08 R(t)dt . =gjR[(a-A)+(a+A)cnu]du,

y
(a- t) [(t- b )2
1
+ an 0
1 + cn u
Integrands involving Vf.:_ t 3~ (y <I)
Special cnu=Yi-:1f_t k2= z+V3 g=1/V3,

case
Vi + 1 - t , 4 ,
of 243: qJ = am u1 = cos-1 r-~~-= ~+___)']' cn u1 = cos qJ.

V3 + 1 - Y
u,
f -v··.
1
244.00 dt = gjdu = g u1 = g cn-1 (cos qJ, k) = g F(qJ, k),

1 - t3
y 0 [cf. 246.00].
1
244.01 jVT=i3 dt= ~ gF(qJ,k)-1-yV1-y~.

y
244.02
1 u,
244.03 1/ TI1+ V (1 + V3 -
3 - t ) 2 =-4a2
t) 2 dt
V3 (;-=IJJV 1 -::__ t3 = g! du
1 - a 2 sn2 u
=gll(qJ,rt.2 ,k). [See400.]
244.04 [See 310.02.]
u,
fV
1
244.05
1-
t dt
t3
= g( 1 + V3)F(qJ, k) - 2g V3
•
f-d_tt___.
1+ u cn
y 0
[See 361.51.]
244.06
244.07
v~--~. Vt-b and Vt-c; a rear. b,c camprex. (y ~a). 93
f Jti
1 u,
244.08 dt •... = g Crl_!t_du, [See361.59.]

(t-p)V1-ta ( 1-V 3 -p) 1+cxcnu
y 0
where a:= (1 + V3 -P)/(1- V3 -P) Y=f=P.
244.09
y
! R(t)~d!_
1
v1-t3
= gfu~ [1- V3 + (1+ V3)cn_u_] du,
0
1+cnu
Iotegrands involving v~.::._t, Vt- b and Vt- c; a real, b, c complex,

(y;;;;; a)
cnu = a-A_=_t_
a +A-t'
k2 = ~-=-~-+_ct
2A '
g = - 1-
VA'
A 2 = (b1 - a) 2 + a~,
(t- b) (t- c) = (t- b1 ) 2 + ai = (t- b) (t- b); ai = - ~ IJ) 2 ,
b1 -_ b
~-·
+c = b
-~,
+b a- A - Y]
cp -_ am u1 -_ cos -1 [ ~--- -- , cn u 1 -- cos cp.
2 2 a+A-y
1{
Y/ dt .... · ·=gju~u=gu1 =gcn- 1 (coscp,k)
245.00 . l (a- t) [{I- b1)2 + aiJ
-oo 0
=gF(cp,k), [cf.243.00].
ll·(t.--· ---- -- gfud, n u du

245.01 1.f
•
v
(a +A
dt
- 1) 2
=-br)2_+_~
a - t
2
l
-oo 0
= g E(u1 ) = g E(cp, k).
245.02
r
-~ [(a
y
+A - 1) 2 - 4A
(a +A - 1)2 dt
cx2 (a- t)] V(a- t) [{I- b1) 2 + aiJ
u,
=gj-_!L_u___ =gll(cp,a:2 ,k). [See400.]
1 - cx 2 sn 2 ~t
0
245.03
r: ~~~;du
y u,
245.04
.r-(~-~t)-V(~- t~;(t- br)~+ aiJ
--00
= A_1VA
0
.
y=f=a [See 361.53.]

I y
dt = _g_F(q;, k) +
l
_[tV(a-tJ[(t-b1 J2+an a+A
245.05 ~
2gA du
+ a2-A2f1+cxcnu' [See 341.03.]
0
where oc=(A+a)/(A-a); y=j=O.
245.06 f (t-p)V(a-t)[(t-b)2+a2]
y
dt
= a-A-p
f g
u,
1 - cn u d
1+cxcnu u.
-00 1 1 0
[See 361.60.]
where rr..=(A+a-P)/(A-a+p); y=j=p.
fV
y ~
245.07 R(t)dt .. =gjR[(a-A)-(a+A)cn~-]du,

-oo
(a- t) [(t- b )2
1
+ a2]1 0
1- cn u
Integrands involving VI- t 3, (y;;;;;;: I)
Special case
of 245:
246.00 fV
y
dt
----==g
1 - (3
f u,
du=g~=gcn 1 (cosq;,k) - =gF(q;,k),
-oo 0 [ cf. 244.00].
246.01 f
y
(t + t + 1) dt
-(-v=~)
2 2 f ~
2 V_ = g dn udu = g E(u1) = g E(q;, k).
l
1+ 3-t
3 1-t
-oo 0
JY (1 + V3- t) 2dt fu, du

246.02 _ 00 [(1+V3-t) 2 -4V3cx2 (1-tJ]V1-ts =go 1-cx2 sn2 u
= g II (q;, oc2, k). [See 400.]
246.03 f
y
~-----
tV1-P
dt _
1-V:J
g f u,
1- cnu d u,
1+cxcnu
[See 361.61.]
-00 0
where (1. = 2 + V3; y =1= o.
246.04
where oc = (1 + Vfl/(V3- 1); y =1= o.
246.05
where oc=(1 + V3 -P)/(V3-1 +P); Y=I=P-

246.06
246.07
246.08 ( ~y1-=-- 1
f 0 - V3-
y
1- t) dt
2 3
=
4
g~
V3.0
Ut
Jtn2tt du. [See 316.02.]

-oo
fV j"R l(1 -
y ~ I
246.09 RIJL~ = g ~ 3)_-:-_(1~ V_3)_c_n~] du'

1- f3 • 1- cn u
-oo 0
lntegran ds Involvin g the Square Root

of the Quartic,
Va~(t + rl}([ +r~)(i+-rJ(t + r4J·
Introduction.
Consideration is given in this section to the elliptic integral
)'
250.00 ~ =jf!(t) dt
l'l
V:? '
where the polynomial Pis of the form 1 P (t) = a0 (t +r1 ) (t +r2) (t +r3) X
X (t +r4 ), having distinct factors.
If R(t) is broken into partial fractions, 250.00 can be expressed in
terms of the integrals
A recurrence formula for the first integral is given by
250.01
where oci is obtained from
1 Integrals contained in 250.00 can be reduced to those of ZII-ZZS, since it

is possible to transform the polynomial P into a form which does not involve odd
powers of t. This may be accomplished by means of the linear fractional trans-
formation
where f and g are obtained from
fg= r 3 r 4 (r1 +r2) - r1 r 2 (r3 +r4)

- r l - r2 + ra + r4
if r 1 + r 2 =!= r 3 + r 4 • When r 1 + r 2 = r 3 + r4 , use is made of the transformation

I=T- (r1 +r2)f2.
Integrals which are equivalent to the type given in 250.00 frequently appear
in some such form as the integral
where the factors under the radical sign occur in even powers, with an odd power
of. t outside of the radical sign. In such cases the transformation 12 = r, y = Y 2 ,
readily yields an integral whose radicand involves four binomials. Forthis example,
we thus have
97
If p is not a root of P (t) = 0, one has
250.02
ai
where P 01 (t) = - , P (t); but when p is a zero of P (t),
dtl
250.03
Thus every elliptic integral of the form 250.00 depends on the four
J J
fundamentalintegrals dtJVP, tdtJVP, t2 dtJVP and dtj(t-p) J J tp:
The first integral is in every case an elliptic integral of the first kind,
while the last three are integrals of the third kind. [If P (P) = 0, the
J
integral dtj(t-p) V.P becomes an integral of the second kind.]
Taking a, b, c, d, a1 , a 2 , b1 and b2 real, we may write P(t) in 250.00
(except for the factor Ia 0 !) in one or other of the ways:
(t- a) (t- b) (t- c) (t- d); (a - t) (t - b) (t - c) (t - d);
(a - t) (b - t) (t - c) (t- d); (t- a) (t- b) [(t- b1) 2 + aiJ;

(t- a) (b- t) [(t- b1 ) 2 + aiJ;
[(t- b1 ) 2 + aiJ [(t- b + a~],
2) 2 (a >b >c >d).
In the first three cases, the roots of the equation P = 0 are all real,
while in the last one all the roots are complex. For the other two cases
there are two real roots and two conjugate complex roots.
In order to reduce the general integral 250.00 to Jacobi's normal
form, we apply the transformation
250.04
when all the zeros of P (t) are real, and the Substitution
250.05 i= Al+A2cnu (0;5:;u;5:;2K),

A 3 +A 4 cnu '
in the case when some of the zeros of the radicand are complexo If
the real constants A1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 and the modulus k are chosen properly,
one has
250006
where g is also a real constant.
Table of Integrals.
Suitable Substitutions (as well as the reductions) are given in the
following table of integrals for integrands involving the square root of
four linear factorso We again take one of the limits of integration as
one of the zeros of the polynomial under the radical sign and refer the
user of the tables to page 2 of the Introduction for an example illus-
trating how the tables may easily be employed to handle an integral
when neither of the limits is a zeroo
Integrands involving t, Va- vr=-e, Vc-t and Vd- t,

(a > b > c >d > y)
sn 2 U=-(a=:-c)(d=:-t) k2 = (~_:=_c)_(a_-dL g= 2
~-~~-0' ~-~0-~' 0a-~0-~'
<X 2 = a~ '!__ >1,

a-c
ffJ = amu1 = sin-l v(a-
c) (d- y)
~-~~-~'
snu1 =Sinrp o
251.00
251.01 l y
f V
d
__ dt_
c- t
,-- -------
~-b-t -~d
(a- t) (c- t) (d- t) - c- d g
0
u,
f dn2udu
l
b-d ( b-d
= ----- -g E u 1) = - g E(rp, k) o
c-d c-d
d u,
c-t dt- -d du
251.02 !V(a-t)(b-t)(d-t) -(c )gf1-<X2sn2;
y 0
= (c -d)gll(rp,oc 2 ,k)o [See400o]
Va=t, Vb-t, vz-=1 and Vd-t, (a>b>c>d>y). 99
251.03
[See 340.04.]
J-- ------- ri! _____ --

d
251.04
tm V(a- t) (b- t) (c- t) (d- t)
y
251.05 J•V
d
d- t
(a - t) (b - t) (c- t)
d t _ ( _ d)
- c r:t.
2
g
f ~
sn2u du
1 - rx2 sn 2 u •
y 0
[See 337.01.]
251.06 •
y
rl/ d
a-t
V (b - t) (c - t) (d- t)
dt=(a-d) f·
g
0
u,
1-
cn2udu
rx2 sn2 u ·
[See 338.01.]
fv
d ~
251.07 b-t dt=(b-d) f· d~2ud!t_

(a - t) (c- t) (d- t) g 1- rx2 sn2 u ·
y 0
[See 339.01.]
251.08 f
d dt
c=T
V a- t
(b-t)(c-t)(d-t) =
a- d fu,
c.:__::dg cn 2udu.
Y 0 [See 312.02.]
!
d ~
251.09 ___!_!___V' d- t - c_--.'! g{tn2 u du.

a- t (a- t) (b- t) (c- t) - a- c •
Y 0 [See 316.02.]
251.10 11 V
y
dt
c- t
--;---~
-:------c---;cd;------c-t
(a- t) (b- t) (c- t)
= r:t. 2 gfu~n
0
2 u dU . [See 310.02.]
251.11
251.12
!·_ dt__V
d ~
251.13 b-t - =·IJ=d gfdc2udu.

• a- t (a- t) (c- t) (d- t) a- d
Y 0 [See 321.02.]
7*
J V
d ~ u1
25l.l4 _3_t_ c- t = r:_~ Ii_ Jnd2 u du

b- t (a- t) (b- t) (d- t) b- d g ·
Y 0 [See 315.02.]
J V
d ~ . ~
251.15 _3_t__ c- t = c --=-3_ Jnc2 u du

a- t (a- t) (b- t) (d- t) a- d g ·
Y 0 [See 313.02.]
d u
25l.l6
.f l({ß~t)(d-t)dt= (c-d)2oc2
V~- t) (b- t) g•
fl_sn2udu_
(1- cx2sn2u)2 ·
.
y 0
[See 362.15.]
25l.l7
25l.l8
d
J l~) V~t)
---~-
(b- t) dt =
(d- t)
(c- d) (b- d)
g
J· ~
_dn2u_dLt_
(1- cx2sn2u)2 ·
y 0
[See 362.17.]
Jv
d ~---- __ ___ _ u1
251.19 (a-t)(b-t)dt=(a-d)(b-d)gf cn2udn2t_'_ du.

(c -- t) (d -- t) (1- cx2 sn 2 u) 2
y 0
[See 362.20.]
J1/(«
d ~-- _______ U1
251.20 -_:- t)(d- t) d t = (a - d) (c- d) oc2 g f__sn"_z~n"_zt_d_Lt__

V (c -- t) (b- t) • (1 - cx2 sn2 u)2 ·
y 0
[See 362.18.]
251.21 • fV
d ~------ - - -
~=_t)_(d- t) d t
(c- t) (a- t)
= (b - d) (c - d) oc2
g•
f u,
~2_lt_dll_2__u_d_u
(1- cx2 sn2 u)2 ·
y 0
[See 362.19.]
r d u1
dt g J(1-cx2sn2u)m
251.22 -------- --- - - - = - - ---------du .
. --------------
• (a-t)mV(a-t)(b-t)(c-t)(d-t) (a-d)m (1-sn 2 u)m
y 0
[See 340.04.]
251.23
[See 340.04.]
251.24
Va -=1. V~>- t, vz---=t and Vd- t, (a >b >c >d > y). 1o1
d ;--~--· _____ u1
251.25 dt .l;(!J_=!) (d -~L = (b _ d) ct. 2 { sn2uctn2u .. du.

J c- t V (c- t) (a- t) g. 1- cx2 sn2 u
y 0
[See 362.11.]
251.26
[See 362.14.]
251.27
y
r
.
d
a- t
' -------
_<l_t_V(c- t) (d --:_tl_ =je__
(a- t) (b - t)
d) 2 ~[-tn2 u du_.
a- d
ul
• 1 - cx2 sn 2 u
0
[See 362.06.]
251.28 }~ b dt- t V'(c- t) (d- t)

(a- t) (b - t)
= j~- d)2 cx~Ju,
b- d 1-
sd2 u du_
cx2 sn2 u ·
y 0
[See 362.07.]
d u,
251.29 j
'_dt. 1/(c-t)-(~~f
. b- t V (d- tJ (b- tJ
((l_-:-_c) (c=- d) cx 2 gf~.'!_u
b- d 1 - cx2 sn2 u ·
_
y 0
[See 362.08.]
251.30 r.
.
d
dt
a- t
(c- t) (b- t)_ = _(c_~ d) (b- d) g
(a- t) (d- t) a- d •
ru,
dc 2 u du
1 - cx2sn2u •
y 0
[See 362.09.]
d u,
• dt l;(a-t)(b_:-if (a- d) (b- d) gf_cn 2 ucln2 u_~u
251.31 }
c- t V (c- t) (d- t) c- d 1 - cx 2 sn 2 u ·
y 0
[See 362.12.]
d I ut
251.32 . dt l/(a-t)(d-t)=(a-d)ct. 2 J-sl1.::_ucn2udu
J c - t V (c- t) (b- t) g 1 - cx2 sn2 u ·
y 0
[See 362.10.]
j V
d __ _ Ut
251.33 '_<l_t_ (a- t) (d -=:!l = _(a- d)_(c_=!)_cx 2.f_f·sd2 u cn2 u du

b- t (c - t) (b - t) b- d 1 - cx 2 sn2 u ·
y 0
[See 362.13.]
251.34
[See 362.21.]
d
JV(a:_t)(~=;(d~_t)_dt
251.35 \ y u,
= (c - d) (a- d)
2 ct. 2 gfs~__tt_cn~u-~u. [See 362.23.]
(1- a2 sn2 u)3
0
f
u,
251.36 sn2 ucn 2 udn2 u
= (a- d) (b- d) (c- d) oc 2 g - - - - -- du.
(1- a2 sn2 u)3
l
0
[See 362.24.]
fV
d
(a- t) (b - t) (c __: t) d t
d-t
251.37
Y = (a- d) (b- d) (c- d) fu~n2u~n2udu. [See 362.22.]
g (1-a2 sn2 u) 3
0
d
j V(a-t) (b-tf(c~tnd-t) dt
251.38 1=(a-d)(b-d)(c-d) f
y
2 g
u,
.
sn2 ucn 2 udn2 u
-·--du. [See362.25.]
(1-a2 sn 2 u) 4
0
f
d
dt
(p- t)m V(a- t) (b- t) (~.::_ tf{d~ t)
251.39 y
[See 340.04.]
where oc;=(P-c) (a-d)/(P-d) (a-c), P=f=d.
251.40
[See 340.01.]
where oc~=(P1 -c) (a-d)/(P 1 -d) (a-c),
ct.~ = (P- c) (a -d)/(P -d) (a- c), p =f=d.
251.41

vz--=t and V!-=-d. (a >b >c 2 y >d).
V.i--=-i. Vb-t. 103
Integrands involving va-=- i, Vb - t, Vc - t- and Vt - d'

(a > b> c :;:;;; y > d)
sn2 u = (a -:_c) (t- d) k2 = (a- b) (c- d) g 2

(c- d) (a- t) ' (a- c) (b- d) ' = V(a-::._: c) (;;-_ d) '
cp = amu 1 = sin-1 Vi: ~;n~ :~. ~2 = ~=~ < o, snu1 = sincp.
y u,
dt -- .gJd u -- g u -- g sn -1 (sm
252.00 \
J~ V(a-
·-=-=---cc_-=_cc-'-~~~
t) (b- t) (c- I) (t- d)
1
.
cp, k)
d 0
I
= g F(cp, k), [cf. 253.00.]
252.01
~a~ t V(a-~ i~~= ~(t;;)~ = -!= ~ g~~n2udu
d 0
b-d ( b-d
l
= -~-g Eu)= - - g E(cp, k).
a-d a-d
y ~- -- ~~-~ ~- u,
J V --"--=---
1- - dt = (a - d) gJ---~- -
252.02 (b - t) (c- t) (t- a) 1 - IXz sn2 u
d 0
= (a- d) g II(cp, ~2 , k), [~ 2 given above]. [See 400.]
Jc ~ t ~.i--=--t) (~ =~(t--d) =~ J
y ----- ---- ---------- -- ul
252.03 = : g dc2 u du, y =I= c.
d 0 [See 321.02.]
252.04
y
J c- t dt V
,----- -- ---- ----
a-t
(b - t) (c- t) (t- d)
----
=-a-_dgfnc2udu,
c- d
ul
y=J=c.
d 0 [See 313.02.]
y ~------ ---- 1tl
252.05 J __!:t_lr- t-__'!__~-- = c=d gJsn2udu. [See310.02.]

a- t V-~ t) (b - t) (c- t) a- c
d 0
252.06
y dt V t~-~ d
~~~a-d
- J u,
g tn 2 u du, y =!= c .
Ic-:_:__ t (a- t) (b- t) (c- t) a-c
d 0 [See 316.02.]
252.07 J
y
b- t
dt V t-
(a- t) (b- t) (c- t)
d = -a-d s u d u.
--- g ~ 2Jd2
d-b
u,
d 0 [See 318.02.]
u,
252.08 : ~-~ g jcn 2 udu. [See312.02.]

0
252.09
252.10
252.11
[See 340.04.]
where rxi=a(d-c)j(a-c) d.
j• V __LJ
y ~
252.12 dt = (1 - <X 2 sn 2 u)m du.

Im (a- I) (b- I) (c -:..=:1=)=(1'-_-d-c-) dm (1- a IX2 sn2 u)m
d 0 ' d
[See 340.04.]
252.13
d
• rv
y
c-1 dt-(c-d) ;·
(a-l)(b-1)(1-d)- g
0
~
cn2udu
1-o:2 sn2u
rv
[See 338.01.]
252.14 •
y
t-d
(a - I) (b - t) (c - t)
dt=(d-a)rx2
g
f ~
sn2udu
1 - <X2 sn2 u ·
d 0
[See 337.01.]
252.15 .
y
/ '1/ b-1
V (a - t) (c - t) (I - d)
dt=(b-d
) g
f u,
dn2udu
1 - <X2 sn2 u ·
d 0
[See 339.01.]
fv f
Y , u!
252.16 (c- t) (1- d) dt = (d _ a) (c _ d) rx2 sn2ucn2udu

(a- I) (b- t) g (1- <X2sn2u)2 •
d 0
[See 362.18.]
252.17
[See 362.16.]
Va-t, Vb-t, Vc=t and Vi-=d. (a>b>c:2y>d). 1os
252.18
y
(c- t) (b- t) dt =
f v (a- t) (I- d)
(b- d) (c- d)
g•
r ~
cn2udn2u_tl_tt_
(1- IX2 sn2 u)2 ·
d 0
[See 362.20.]
rV J- -
y ~
252.19 (a-_t)_(b- t)_ d t = (a - d) (b- d) tirl~-~t:t-

• (c-t)(t-d) g (1-IX2sn2u)2'
d 0
[See 362.17.]
y u,
JV
~--------
252.20 'lj(a-t)(t-d)dt--( -d) 2 2 ; · sn2udu

(b -- t)(c- t) - a rx g (1 -IX2sn2-u)2 ·
d 0
[See 362.15.]
J
y . ~
252.21 'l /(b- t) (t- d) dt = (a _ d) (d _ b) r/. 2 f sn2udn2uclu_

V(a-t) (c-1) g (1-IX2sn2u)2 •
d 0
[See 362.19.]
252.22
252.23
[See 340.04.]
J.
y
dt
-- - - - - ---- --------------------
(c- tJmVi~-tf(l>=I)(C-= t)V- -dj

252.24 d
y=f=c. [See 340.04.]
252.25 ry
_dt_ V'(c-t)(t-d) =(d-c)rx 2 fsn2ucn2udu
• a- t
d
(a- t) (b- t) g 1 - IX2 sn2 u ·
0
u,
[See 362.10.]
f v
y ~
dt 1(c- t) (t- d) = _(d_~a,)J[;_=.cl)_1X 2 g rsd2 u cn2 u du.

252.26
b- t (a- t) (b - t) b- d • 1 - 1X 2 sn 2 u
d 0
[See 362.13.]
252.27 (c- t) (a- t) __ (a- d) (c- d)

(b-/f(t- d) -- --b-~-- g
!"' 1-
cd 2 u du
rt.2 sn 2 u ·
0
[See 362.08.]
y u,
252.28 dt 1{(c-t) (b- t)_ = (b- d) (c -- d) gfcn2udn2udu
J a- t V(a- I) (I- d) a- d • 1 - r1.2 sn2 u ·
d 0
[See 362.12.]
252.29 f
y dt v(-a---t}!b---1) = (a-d)(b~_!lgfu, dc2u,t!_u_, y=f=c.
• c- t (c - t) (t- d) c- d 1- rt. 2 sn 2 u
d 0
[See 362.09.]
!
y ----
dt ~a-t)(t-d) - (a- d)2rt.2gfu, sd2~
252.30 -----
--------
b- t (b- t) (c- t) b- d 1- r1.2 sn2 u ·
d 0
[See 362.07.]
y ~
dt 1/(a-t)(t-d) = (a-d) 2 rt. 2 g f tn 2 udu
252.31 f y=f=c.
• c- t V (b - t) (c- t) c- d • 1- rt.2 sn2 u '
d 0
[See 362.06.]
J
y ~
252.32 d___t 1/(b-t)(t-d) =(d-b)1X 2 fsn 2 udn2udu

a- t V (a- t) (c - t) g• 1- rt.2 sn 2 u ·
d 0
[See 362.11.]
252.33 r
• c- t
d
y --
V(a- t) (c-t)
- -
_d_t_ 1f(b- t) (~d) = (a -_q)_icl: ~-~ g rtn2 u dn2 u du'
c- d •
0
~
1- r1.2 sn2 u
y =I= c.
[See 362.14.]
252.34 !Yv~~------t)(c--t)(t-d)dt-(
-----
a-t
- a -d)(d-b)( c-d) IX gJu~n2ucn2uctnzu
- - - - - - d u.
sn
2
(1-rt.2 2 u) 3
d 0
[See 362.24.]
252.35 Jv(a--:D
y , - - - - - - - ---- ul
Jc:::-t)_(t=-d) d t = (a- d)2 (d-c) IX2gf Sll~_t<Cll 2 -~~ •

b- t (1-rt.2 sn 2 u) 3
d 0
[See 362.23.]
Y I -------- ut
252.36 !V(a----t)(b-t)(t-d)dt=(a-d)2(d-b)1X2 J sn2udn_2_udu
. c- t g (1-rJ.2 sn 2 u)3 ·
d 0
[See 362.21.]
252.38 Jyv~~-=9Jb--:::t)(c--=-_t) dt = (a-d) (b-d) (c-d) j"'ctn2u cn2 u du_.
t- d g (1-()(;2sn2u)3
d 0
[See 362.22.]
[See 340.04.]
where 1X 2 is given above and 1Xi=oc2(p-a)f(p-d), P=f=d.
252.40 f ----:;;=:============-
y
(p-t)V(a-t)(b-t)(c-t)(t-d)
(p1 - t) dt
= --g
p-d
d
p1 - f ~
1- ()(;~ sn2 u
2
1-()(;3 sn 2 u
d
u'
d 0
[See 340.01.]
where IX~= oc 2 (P1 - a) /(P1 - d), IX~=oc2 (p-a)j(p-d), P=f=d.
252.41 f V(a- V
R(t)dt
t) (b- t) (c- t) (t- d)
=
g.
~
[R[d-a0(;2sn2u]du,
1- 0(; 2 sn2 u
d 0
Irrtegrands involving t, Vb- t, va- Vc ~ t and Vt- d,

(a > b > c > y ;;:;;: d)
u = _(/J_-:-__'!_) (c_--:-:_t}_ k2 (a-b) (c- d) g

V(a-:::_ ;)(,;~ a) '
sn2 _ 2
-=--af'
v
(c- d) (b - t) ' - (a- c) (b =
k2 <1X2 =~__!-_ < 1, cp = amu1 = sin-1 (b- d) (c- y) , snu1 = sincp.
l
b- d (c - d) (b - y)
J
c u,
253.00 JV{a-~-t)Tb~~h~~~)(i~d) = g du= g u1 = gsn-1 (sincp,k)

y 0
= g F(cp, k), [cf. 252.00].

e u,
253.01 1 V J
y
... d!..-
b- t
-- a-t _ _ a_-c
(b - t) (c- t) (t- d) - b- c gJ
0
dn2udu
= a=cgE(ul) =(1.-=C gE(rp,k).

b-c b-c
253.02
\ fv~---t) {=-:) (t=~d)
y
dt
=
= (b- c) g
0
(b- c) g II (rp, rx2, k).

!~-= ~;tsn2_u_
[See 400.]
253.03 J 1r--z;=_
e dt t
t=dV(a-t)(c_:_fJ(t-d)
b- c
=c-dg. nc2udu, y=j=d.
ru,
y o [See 313.02.]
253.04 Jet -dt d VI ..

a-t
---- =
(b - t) (c- t) (t- d)
a-c
-- g
c- d
Judc u du
1
2
'
y =l= d
·
y o [See 321.02.]
253.05
y
C
J __ri!___
a- t
V-- - ___________________ .
1- d - =
(a- t) (b - t) (c- t)
c ~- ~
g {cd2 u du.
a- c .
0
Ut
[See 320.02.]
J T~d V
c ~
253.06 dt c-t = b:=cgJtn2udu -l-d

(a- t) (b- t) (t- d) b- d ' Y -r ·
y o [See 316.02.]
253.07 Jeb~ V dt t- d d
(a-t)(b-t)(c-t) = b_:_c
c- gJu,cn udu. 2 I
[See3 2.02.]
y 0
J-~~~ Vta _t) (: =:) (t _ =~ J

c ~
253.08 d) = : g nd 2 u du. [See 315.02.]

y 0
V
e ~
253.o9 J __!:t_
b- t
c- t
(a- t) (b- t) (t- d)
= rx2 {sn2 u du.
g • [See 310.02.]
--
y 0
J
u,
e dt v-------;=~-
253.10 -- ·- g IX2Jd2
b-c S ~t dU .
a- t (a - t) (b - t) (t- d) a-c
y
0 [See 318.02.]
253.11
where rxi = b (c- d) Je (b- d).

f
c ~
dt 2 2
- - ----------- --------- g-- r(1-cx sn u)m
---~---du
253.12 tmV(a-t)(b-t)(c-t)(t-d)- cm. (1-cxisn2 u)m '
y 0
[See 340.04.]
where a:~ = b a:2 jc; a: 2 given above.
253.13
•
y
r·v--- -c=-1-
(a - t) (b - t) (t- d)
-~--dt=(b-c)a: 2
g
0
Ju_,_sn 2ztdu_
1- cx2 sn2 u •
[See 337.0 I.]
!1/
c ·-- - ttl
253.14 t-d ---dt= (c-d)gf-_cn2udu_

(a- t) (b - t) (c - t) 1- cx 2 sn2 u ·
y 0
[See 338.01.]
253.15 f
cll_ _ ---~~----_ dt- (
(b- t) (c- t) (t- -d) - a- c) g.
ru, dn2udu
1 - cx2 sn2 u- ·
y 0
[See 339.0 I.]
253.16 fV
c 1 _ ___
je- t) (t=ci)_ dt =
(a- t) (b- t)
_ ___
(b _ c) (c _ d) IX2
g
f u1
sn2 u cn2_u '!_u .
(1- a;2sn2u)2
Y 0 [See 362.18.]
/·vjc-
C ,------·---- Ut
253.17 dt = (a- c) (b- c) a;2 f_sn2udn2~u-.

t) (-a- t)
. (b-t)(t-d) g• (1-cx 2 sn 2 u) 2
y 0
[See 362.19.]
f-
c ,-- ____ __ _ ____ ___ ut
253.18 } '1/Jc-=_t)_(b- t) dt = (b- c)2a;2 _s_n2_udu -

V (a- t) (t- d) g ( 1- a;2 sn2 u)2 ·
y 0
[See 362.15.]
253.19 J
c ----------
·vj_b-_t)Ja-!)_dt= (a-c) b-c
(c - t) (t- d) ( )g
f u,
dn2udu __
(1 - a;2 sn2 u) 2 •
Y 0 [See 362.17.]
C ______ --------- Ut
(a-t)(t-d)--dt = (a- c) (c- d) g fcn 2udn 2udu
253.20 •r v
--------
_ (b - t) (c - t)
- ---.
( 1 - a;2 sn2 u)2
Y 0 [See 362.20.]
c 1_ _ _ _ __ ut
253.21 (IJ__-_t_)jf_.=_ti)__dt = (b- c) (c -d) r-cn2udu_

•r v -(a-t)(c-t) g• (1-cx2 sn 2 u) 2 '
Y 0 [See 362.16.]
110 Reduction of Algebraic Irrtegrands to Jacobian Elliptic Functions ..
253.22 f
c
dt .... . .. .. .
(a-t)mV(a-t) (b-t) (c-t) (t-d)
= __ g __
(a-c)m
f ~
(1- a 2 sn2u)m du
(1- k 2 sn 2 u)m ·
y 0
[See 340.04.]
253.23
f
c "•
253.24 dt - g--J(1-IX2 sn 2 u)mdu
(b-t)mV(a-t) (b-t) (c___:_t) (t-d) = (b-c)m ·
y o [See 331.03.]
=
c ~
253.25 dt v-(C--tiTt --d) (b- c) (c- d) a 2 f~ucn~-du

f
a=-- t (a tf{b ~-t) = a- c g 1 - 0(2 sn2 u .
y 0
[See 362.13.]
f-
c _____ __ u1
253.26 dt_v (c- t) jt ~ d) = (c _ d) IX 2 J-sll2_ u cn2!f'_(i_tt_

b- t (a- t) (b - t) g 1 - a2 sn2 u ·
y 0
[See 362.10.]
c __ _______________ _ u1
253.27 __!!t -v-(~tl_(_a,- !l__= (a _ c) IX2 fsn2_udn 2.U_tlu

f b- t (b - t) (t - d) g 1- a2 sn2 u ·
y 0
[See 362.11.]
253.28 f
._t}t
t- d
v(t;_=t)(a_=- =
(b- t) (t- d)
0_ _(a~_c) (b_--:::c)_ Jul~2udn2udu
b- d g 1- a2 sn2 u ' Y ·
=F d
y 0
[See 362.14.]
253.29 f~-d!_vjc__-
t- d
(b -=:_IL _
(a- t) (t- d) -
t) (b- c)2 gJ"'~11_2u du_
b -d 1 - a 2 sn 2 u '
y =f= d
·
y 0
[See 362.06.]
c u
253.30 f
-!!_v(c- t)(b___--_: t)_ = Jb- c)2 ()(2_f_f 1
sd2 u du
a- t (a- t) (t- d) a- c 1 - a2 sn2 u •
y 0
[See 362.07.]
253.31 f
c
dt
t --d
V _______
(a- t) (b- t) = _(a- c) (b --:::_c)![f_dc 2 u du
(;~-t) (i----d)- c- d 1 - a 2 sn2 u '
u1
Y1
-1- d
·
y 0
[See 362.09.]
c --·-- u,
dt v(a-t)(t-d) (a-c)(c-d)gfcn2udn2udu
253.32 f b- t (b- t) (c - t) = ---- b - c - -- ~~-sn2 u - ·
" 0 [See 362.12.]
Va-t, vb:..=t, vc-=-::t and Vt-d, (a>b>r >y 2,d). 111
253.33 J
e dt_v(b=t) v-:.--[tf =
. a- t (a- t) (c- t)
j~_--::_c) (c- d)_gfu,
a- c
cd 2 u du
1- oc2 sn2 u ·
y 0
[See 362.08.]
c .------- u,
253.34 f 1j(a-t) (c-t) (t-d) d t = (a-c) (b-c) (c-d) rt.2 fsn2ucn2u d__n2_1,tdu.
V b-t g (1-oc2sn2u)3
y 0
[See 362.24.]
c ~
253.35 } "1/(a-t)(b-t)(t-d)dt=(a-c)(b-c)(c-d) fcn2udn2udu.

V c-t g (1-oc2sn2u)3
y 0
[See 362.22.]
253.36 f 1Vc
j(b-t) (c-t) (t-d) d t = (b- c)2 (c- d) rt.2
a- t g
f ~
sn2 u cn2 u du
(1- oc2 sn2u.J3
.
y 0
[See 362.23.]
253.37 Je 1Vj(a-t) t-d

(b-t) (c-t) dt = (b- c)2 (a- c) rt.2 ju'sn2 u dn2 u du.
g (1-oc2sn2u)3
y 0
[See 362.21.]
/ V(a-t) (b-t) (c-t) (t-d) dt

253.38
1 y
= g (a- c) (c- d) (b- c) 2 rt. 2 J
u,
sn 2 u cn2 u dn 2 u
( 1- oc2 sn2 u)4
du. [S ee 362. . 25 .J
0
[See 340.04.]
where rt.~ = (c- d)(p- b)j(b- d) (p- c), p =f= c.
253.40 f c
t) dt (Pr-
(p- t) V(a- t) (b- t) (c- t) (t- d)
P1 -
c_
p- c g
f u,
~- oc~ sn2 u dU
1- oci sn2 u '
y 0
[See 340.01.]
where rt.~ = (c- d) (P1 - b)j(b- d) (P1 - c),
rt.~ = (c- d) (P-b) j(b- d) (p - c), p =f= c.
253 .4l J ____

c
R(t)dt
V(a-t)(b-t)(c-t)(t-=d)
=gfR[c-boc2sn2u]du
1-oc2 sn 2 u '
~
y 0

lntegrands involving Va- t, Vb ~t, Vt -=-c and Vt-=-d,

(a > b ~ y > c > d)
sn2 u = (b- d) (t- c) k2 = (b- c) (a- d) g= -... -

2
-- --
(b - c) (t - d) ' (a - c) (b - d) ' V(a- c) (b- d) '
b- c k2 . (b- d) (y- c) .
0 < r:x 2 = - - --- <
1
m = am u 1 = Sill- - sn u 1 = Slll m
lI
b- d ' ' (b- c) (y- d)' ' ·
I du=
y u,
254.00 v;=-tJ{b-~/r;~--;;(~ti) = g gul = g sn -1 (sinrp,k)

c 0 =gF(rp,k), [cf.255.00.]
254.01
l
l Iv I
Y ;--- - t - d ------ u, du
254.02 (a--=- t)(b- t) (t--= c) dt = (c- d) g 1- cx." sn2·~-

c 0
= (c-d)gll(rp,r:x 2 ,k), (r:x 2 given above). [See400.]
r l/-- .!=. ~--

y ~
254.03 _dt __ = c_=-3_g{nd2 udu. [See315.02.]

, a - t · (a- t) (b- t) (t- c) a- c .
r'
0
I, --
y u
dt , ~---~=-z 2 2 d
254.04 • t_-_d V(a-t)(b=-t)(t-d)=r:x g. sn u u.
[See 310.02.]
0
I V I
y -----·-------- ul
254.05 - dt- t - d - - - = -- c-
--dg nc 2 u d zt, y=j=b.
b- t (a- t) (b- t) (t- c) b- c
0 [See 313.02.]
254.06 1 -___t 1 / ' - a = f -

•
1'
b
dt
~ (b - t) (t - c) (t - d) =
a- ccg.fu~
b- C
2
U
d
U' Y
=I= b
·
o [See 321.02.]
,., ,------ ut
254.07 f -d~_lj ___b-=-!---= b-c gicd 2 udu. [See320.02.]

• a- t ~ (a- t) (t- c) (t- d) a- c
0
254.08 I
Y
_!!_
b- t
~----
11 (a- t) (b-
t- c
---------
--
1) (t- d) -
--- - ---- -
c- d
b- d
gitn ut
2 u du
'
y =I= b
·
o [See 316.02.]
Va-t, Vb-t, Vt-c and Vt_:_a, (a>b:2;y>c>d ). 113
254.09 f
y
- dt -
a- t
V t_ c
(a- t) (b - t) (t- d)
-_ c-
--d iJ. 2 g
a- c
fs ~
d2 u d u.
o [See 318.02.]
y u,
254.10 tmdt _ m f(1-et~sn 2 u)md
f -C g · U
V(a- t) (b- t) (t- c) (t- d) (1 - et2 sn2 u)m '
c 0
[See 340.04.]
where oci=(b-c)d/c (b-d), and oc 2 is given above.
254.11 J
y
dt
tm V(a- t) (b- t) (t -c) (t -d) =
g
cm
J-(~ ~
(1- et2sn2u)m
_ ~2 d_ s~:)m du·
c 0 c
[See 340.04.]
fv
y ~
254.12 t-c d-( ) 2 f s n2 udu

(a- t) (b- t) (t- d) t - c - d iJ. g 1=- sfl2u . C(2
0
[See 337.01.]
254.13
, rv y
a-t
(b - t) (t - c) (t - d)
dt=(a-c)
g
f
u,
dn2udu
1 - et2 sn2 u ·
v
0
[See 339.0 I.]
f f u,
y
254.14 b-t dt=(b-c) cn2udu

(a- t) (t- c) (t- d) g 1 - et2 sn2 u ·
0
[See 338.01.]
254.15
c
r
• t-
y df
d V
I b- f
(a- t) (t - c) (t - d)
b
c-d •
~c g(u~n 2 u du.
0
[See312.02.]
254.16 r
•
y (t- c) (t- d) dt = (c-
(a - t) (b - t)
d)2 oc2 fu,
g (1 -
0
sn2 u_l!_t!__
et2 sn2 u)2 ·
[See 362.15.]
254.17 r
•
y
(t- c) (a- t) dt
(b-t)(t-d)
-
= (a _ c) (c _ d) iJ. 2
g
0
Ut
fsn2udn2~du
(1-et2sn2u)2 ·
[See 362.19.]
254.18 j~l{(a~(b~t)
Vft-c)(t-d)
dt = (a- c) (b- c)
g
fu~n2udn2udu.
(1-et2 sn 2 u)2
0
[See 362.20.]
254.19 f-1/(a-
V
V
t) (t- d) dt = (c _ d) (a _ c
(b-t) (t-c) )g
!-- ~
dn 2 udu__ _
(1-et2sn2u)2 •
0
[See 362.17.]
254.20 • f~v(t=C)(b=t)
(a- I) (t- d)
dt = (b- c) (c- d) oc2 fulsn2ucn2_tt_d_tt
g (1- rz2 sn2 u)2 ·
0
[See 362.18.]
Y ,---~- ut
254.21 f 1;{l;_::--__t)_(t_~~dt
• V(a-l)(t-c)
= (b- c) (c- d) f--cn2udu
g (1-a2sn2u)2'
0
[See 362.16.]
j' -d)m-- V(a-

y ~
254.24 = - _dt_ _ _ _ _ --=-lL-j(1-oc 2 sn 2 u)mdu.

(I- I) (b- I) (t- c) (t- d) (c- d)m
c 0 [See 331.03.]
f
y --- -- - -- ut
254.25 dt 1/(t-c)(a-1) =(il_-=:-{;2(1;_-=:-_cllgf_1:Il2 udn 2 udu_ =j=b

• b- t V (b - t) (t- d) b - d 1- a 2 sn2 u ' Y ·
0
[See 362.14.]
J. gf
Y .- _ _______ . U1
254.26 dt _1/(a_--:-_t) (1=:_1') = (a _ c) oc 2 sn~dn 2 udu

I - d V (b- t) ( I - d) 1 - a 2 sn 2 u ·
c 0
[See 362.11.]
254.27
y
'_}:!_1/ (a=:- IL(b~ t)_
•/ t - d 1 (t- c) (t- d)
I - -
= (a_-=- ':)
(b_:-
c- d
c)_f_ f Ut
_c_n~-'t_<li12_1-I_du
1 - a 2 sn2 u ·
0
[See 362.12.]
f__
Y ---------- ut
254.28 dt_l/(t= c)(b ---_t) = (b- c) (c- d) a.:rrJ~d2ucn2u~
• a- t (a- t) (t- d) a- c 1 - rz2 sn2 u ·
0
[See 362.13.]
254.29 dt
f ---
t- d
Y
V' .(t-- c) (b- t)
,--
(a- I) (I- d)
--------
-_ (b _ c) oc 2 g
•
r ut
sn2ucn2udu
- --··-
1- a 2 sn2 u ·
0
[See 362.10.]
f_!],t -.1V
y ' -- - -- - - - - - ut
254.30 j(b- t) (t- = !ll Jb__-c) (c- d)ffj cd2 u du
. a- t (a- I) (t- c) a- c 1 - rz2 sn2 u ·
c 0
[See 362.08.]
j "_dt_ t V(a- t)t)(!_(t--=rl_)c) =
y I ---- ---- --- - 11t
254.31 (c :::- d)_(a_:::- c)gf dc2 u_~ _ =f= b

b- (b - b- c 1- Y
cx 2 sn2 u ' ·
0
[See 362.09.]
254.32
y
/ "__5_1_1/ (t- c) (~_!i)

(c- d) 2 cx 2 g fu, sd 2 u du
• a - t ~ (a- t) (b- t) a _-;;- - ~-;;2 sn 2 u ·
0
[See 362.07.]
! f_f
y ------~-- u,
254.33 dt v(t-c) (t-d) (c- d) 2 tn2 u du b
b- t (a- t) (b- t) b- d 1- cx 2 sn 2 u ' Y =f= ·
0
[See 362.06.]
254.34 fyl/-(/J~t) (t ~ c) IJ~ aj_ d!= (c-dj2(b-c) IX2gj~'sn2ucn2~du.

. ' a- t (1-cx 2sn2u)3
c 0
[See 362.23.]
254.35 J;'l./((l_-t)j_t-c)jt_--='!l dt b-t

= (c- d)2 (a- c) IX2 g r"'sn2 u<Jn2 u du
' . (1- cx2 sn2 u)3 •
c 0
[See 362.21.]
y ------ u,
254.36
.
/'1/(a-t) (b-tl
t-c
(t=d)_ dt = (a- c) (b- c) (c- d) g}'c!l~~d.n 2 u du.
(1- cx· sn 2 u) 3
c 0
~See 362.22.]
,. - u
254.37
•
/"lj(a-t) (~-t)jt_-~
1t-d
dt= (a-c) (b-c) (c-d)tX2g{~n2ucn2udn2u du .
. (1-cx2sn2u)3
c 0
=See 362.24.]
r --- ------ ---- -
j V(a-t)
1
(b---t) (t-c) (t-d)dt
254.38 c u,
sn 2u cn 2 u dn 2u
= (a-c) (b-c) (c-d) 2 tX 2g{ - ---- du. [See 362.25.]
. ( 1-cx2 sn 2 u)4
0
254.39 rY
.. g. f-(~cx2sn~u)m du
• (p-t)mV(a:__t) (b-t) (t-c) (t-d)- (p-[fm
c
dt . .
(1-cx~sn 2 u)m
.
'
-
0
U1
[See 340.04.]
where IX~= (b- c) (p -d)j(b -d) (p -c), p =f=c.
f
y ~
25440
.
(p 1 -t)dt
---- -,.- -
p 1 -c f1-cx~sn 2 u, 1
- - - - - - = ---g - - -du, LSee340.01.]
(p-t) V(a-t)(b-t) (t-c) (t-d) p-c 1-a~sn 2 u
c 0
8*
where rx~ = (b- c) (P1 - d)j(b- d) (P 1 - c),
rx~=(b-c)(p-d)j(b-d)(p-c), P=f=co
254 .4l J·V.y
R(t) dt .
-c.·· .
(a-t) (b-t) (t-c) (t-d)

=
g
ul
jR [c-rx2 d sn2
1-rx2 sn 2 u
ul d
u,
c 0
where rx 2 is given above and R(t) is a rational function of to
Integrands involving Va- t, Vb- t, Vt -c and Vt -d,

(a > b > y ;;;;; c > d)
sn 2 u = (a-:--cl(b - t) k2 = (b_---=_ c)jct_:- d)_ g= 2
l;
(b- c) (a- t) ' (a- c) (b- d) ' V(a- c) (b:.__ d)
0 < rx 2 = b-c
- < k 2 , rp = am u 1 = s1n ° _ 1
1
(a__:c)(b::__Y)
------ ----, sn u 1 = s1n rp
0
(b- c) (a- y)
0
a- c
1J _-·
b u,
255.00 dt ===-=--- = g [du= g u1 = g sn -1 (sin rp, k)

V(a- t) (b- t) (t- c) (t- d) •
Y 0 =gF(rp,k), [cfo254.00]o
t
b .. u,
255.01 1.I y
"_.'!!_
a- t
/ _ _t~d_ _ -=
(a- t) (b- t) (t- c)
b---=-d
a- b
0
f
g dn2udu
b-d ( ) b-d
= -gE~t 1 = ----gE(rp,k)o
a-b a-b
1
b . -- -- - - ·- u,
"1/ - a-t --dt-(a-b)gf~--
•/ ~(b=t)(t-c)(t-d) 1-rx sn 2 u
255.02 - 2
y 0
= (a - b) g ll (rp, rx 2 , k), (rx 2 given above) 0 [See 4000]
b
.r~ c- V(a- t) (~ ~ ;) (t- d)

a-b Ju,
255.03 - rx 2 g tn 2 u du, y 4= c 0
b-c
y o [See 316.020]
J/!}:c V-(b _::_- =: J

b I - --- ul
255.04 t) (;--=~)(t-___: d)- = ~ g nc 2 u du, y 4= c 0
y o [See 313.020]
b ~
255.05 J-/I--c V(a--t)!-=-~)~t-~c) = ~=-1gjdc2 udu, y=f=co

y o [See 321.020]
V<l-t, Vb-t, VI=-;; and Vt- d, (a >b >y:;::: c >d). 117
255.07
•
y
r
b
a- t
dt V b-t
(a- t) (t- c) (t- d)
~
- =IX2g.{sn2udu.
0
[See 310.02.]
255.08
b
dt
J t- d
V a-t ·····=a-~_bgfnd2udu.
(b - t) (t- c) (t - d) b- d
u,
y o [See315.02.]
b -------- -- u,
255.09 J t_!,t
-d
v--~-c ____ = ~ cgfcd2udu. [See320.02.]
(a- t) (b- t) (t- d) b- d
v
y 0
255.10 rb
dt
. -a-t
t_ c _
(<l- t)(b ~ t) (i-=d) -
b_ c
;;=--b
r ~
g. cn u du·
2
Y 0 [See 312.02.]
255.11
y
b __ ____ _ _____
J Vjt__~_c)jt -=.!l d t = (b - c) (b - d)
(a-t) (b-t) g•
r Ut
cn 2 u dn2 u_ du
(1-o.:2sn2u) 2 ·
bv_______
0
[See 362.20.]
u,
255.12 f (t-c) (a-t) dt _
(b-t)(t-d) -(a
_ b b_
)(
cn2udu
c)gf(1-o.:2sn2u)2'
Y 0 [See 362.16.]
b _______ --·-- _ Ut
(t-c)(b-t) _ (a-b) 2 2udu
255.13 J v -(a-t)(t-d)
----·---dt- (b- c) IX 2 gJsn - ucn----
(1-o.:2sn2u)2'
y 0
[See 362.18.]
b u
255.14 (a-t)(b--iLdt=(a -b) 2 1X2 ! ' __sn2u_!_u _
J v (t-c)(t-d) g (1-o.:2 sn2u)2 ·
y 0
[See 362.15.]
- dt =(a-b) (b- d) gJ
b __ ____ _ _______
j'V(a-t)
u1
255.15 - - --(t-d) . -dn2udu

---··
(b-t)(t-c) (1-o.:2sn2u)2 ·
Y 0
[See 362.17.]
b u
255.16 (b=tf(l=d) dt
J v (a-t)(t-c)
= (a _ b) (b _ d) IX2 !'sn2udn2u~
g (1-o.:2sn2u)2'
y 0
[See 362.19.]
255.17
where
b
g_f u,
255.18 1f J'
dl
1mV(a- 1j (b- I) (t-~ c) {I- d)
_ _
- bm
0
(
(1-cx2 sn 2 u)m
aa. 2
1 - b--sn2 u
)m
du
'
y=J=c. [See340.04.]
255.19
255.20 Jv
y
b .
1-d
(a - I) (b - I) {I- c)
dt= (b-d)
g
0
J ~
1-
dn2udu
a.2 sn2 u ·
[See 339.01.]
bv____ u,
255.21 f
y
b-1 ---dt= a-b oc2
(a- t) (t- c) (t- d) ( ) g f
0
sn2udu
1- a.2 sn2 u ·
[See 337.01.]
J-
b
255.23 dt
{1- d)mV(a- I) (b- I) {1- c) (t- d)
y
J J
b u,
255.24 dt = g (1-oc 2 sn 2 u)mdu

(a-t)mV(a-l)(b-1)(1-c)(t-d) (a-b)m ·
y o [See331.03.]
255.25
[See 362.12.]
255.26 J V
b
t- d
dt (t- c) (a- I)
·-
(b - I) (t - d)
(a- b) (b- c)
b- d g.
r u,
1-
cd 2 u du
a.2 sn2 u'
y 0
[See 362.08.]
255.27
b
J a- t
dt V'(t-c)(b-t)
(a- t) (t- d)
= (b-c)a 2
g
J tt1
sn2ucn2udu.
1 - a 2 sn 2 u
y 0
[See 362.10.]
255.28
•
{
b
dl
t ~ /l
V --------
(I- c) (b- t)
(a - I) V-d)
(a ~ b) (b- c) a 2
b- d g
Ju, sd 2 u cn 2 u du .
1 - a 2 sn2 u
y 0
[See 362.13.]
255.29 !
b
I-
dl
c
v(a-
--- ---------
I) (b- I)
( I - c) ( I - d)
(a- b)2g
a- c
ru~_tn 2 udu_
1 - a 2 sn 2 u
' y =f= c.
y Ö [See 362.06.]
255.30
[See 362.07.]
255.31 J b_dl _
I- c
v_(_a=-xu~-=--d) =
(b - I) ( I - c)
_(a ~b)_(/J_~d) g fu,
b- c 1-
dc 2_ud_u _ Y =f= c
a2 sn2 u ' ·
Y 0 [See 362.09.]
255.32 J a- I
b
- dl __
-----·-----~
V(?_-: l)(t--: d)
(a - I) (I - c)
= (b _ d)
·
C(2
g.
r "'
sn2udn2udu.
1- a 2 sn2 u
y 0
[See 362.11.]
b _, __ -~--- "'
255.33 _d!__V(b-t)(l-d) = (a-?)(b-d)gj'tn2udn2udu =f=c
J I - c (a- I) ( I - c) a- c 1- a 2 sn2 u Y
' ·
Y 0 [See362.14.]
b _ H1
255.34 JV(a-t) (1-c) (1-d) dt=(a-b)(b-c)(b-d) J_cn2udn2udu.

b-1 g (1-a2 sn 2 u) 3
y 0
[See 362.22.]
255.35 J b
v(b-1) (1---:c) (1--:d) d t=ge<2(a-b) (b-d) (b-c)f"-n2 u cn2_t:t__dn2 u du.
a-1 (1-a2 sn 2 u) 3
~
Y 0 [See 362.24.]
b
255.36 JV_ic:_::-t) (b~-~u~-~--c)dt
t-d
= (a- b)2 (b- c) C(2
g•
r u,
sn2u cn2u du_.
(1-a2 sn 2 u)"
y 0
[See 362.23.]
b
1
JV(a-t) (b-t) (t~cT(t-d) dt
255.37 y ~
sn 2 ucn 2 udn 2 u
=(a-b)2(b-d)(b-c)a2gj (1 - a 2 sn 2 u) 4 du. [See362.25.]
0
120 Reduction of Algebraic Irrtegrands to Jacobian Elliptic Functionso
where o:i=(P-a) (b-c)j(p-b) (a-c), P=f=bo
25539
· fv
b 1___
(a-t)(b-t)(t-d)
-····· -- · -- dt = (a- b) 2 (b- d) o:zg
f -··---·
u1
sn 2 udn2 udu
t- c (t-0(2sn2u)3
y 0
[See 362.21.]
255040 J b
.......
(pl- t) dt .. ..
(p-t)V(a-t)(b-t)(t-c)(t-d)
............ = pl- b
p-b
gf
~
1- O(~sn2u du
1-0(~sn2 u '
y 0
[See 340001.]
where o:~ = (P1 - a) (b- c)j(P1 - b) (a- c),
o:i=(r-a)(b-c)j(p-b)(a-c), P=f=bo
255o4l f
b
R(t) qt
V(a-t)(b-t)(t-c)(t-d)
= ...
u,
gfR [ b- aGG 2 sn 2 u du
1-0(2 sn2 u
l '
y 0
where R(t) is any rational function of to
Integrands involving va- ve-=I, Vt- c and Vt- d,

t,
(a ~ y > b> c> d)
sn2 u = (a- c) {I- b). k2 = Jll:..=_bljc- d) k2 < o:2 = a -=-IJ_ < 1'
(a- b) (t- c) ' (a- c) (b- d) ' a- c
g= V(a-c)(b-d) 2 , <p = amu1 = sin- 1 Vi;=-~~-iy-=~, snu1 =sin<po
l
a- y-c
y u,
d u = gu1 =gsn -1 ( sm<p, k)
f
dt , =g
f
0
256.00 V(a-t) (t-b) (t-c) (t-d)
l
b 0
=gF(<p,k), [cfo257.00]o
u,
f dn2udu
y
256.01 f V
b
_dt
t- c
t-d -~~d
(a- t) (t- b) (t- c) - b- c g
0
· - d-gE (u 1) = -bb-c
= bb-c d E ( <p, k)
- g
- 0
lI
Va-=-i, Vt-=-b, Vt-=c and Vi=d, (a ;;;;y>b>c>d). 121
I
Y Ur
256.02
b
V(a- t-c---dt-
t) (t- b) (t- d) - (
b-c
)g
0
1-
du
a2 sn2u
=(b-c)gii(rp,rt.2 ,k), [See400.]

where rt. 2 is given above.
256.03
J V'--(a -
y ~
256.04 dt t-b =IJ_~cg}"tn2udu, y=f=a.

a- t t) (t- c) (t - d) a- c
b o [See 316.02.]
I V
y . ~
256.05 dt
t- d
a-t
(t- b) (t- c) (t- d)
= ba-db g.J"cd2udu.
-
b o [See 320.02.]
256.06
256.07 J
b
y dt
a- t
v·- t-c
(a- t) (t- b) (t- d)
=-ab=cbgfu~c2udu,
-
o
y=f=a.
[See 313.02.]
256.08
256.09 J- Y dt
_l;I - -------·
a- t
t - c V (t- b) (t- c) (t- d)
J Ur
- --- g cn 2 u d tt .
a-b
b-c
b o [See 312.02.]
256.10 J V-- - _
y
a--t
dt ~ -d -
(a-t)(t-b)(t-c)
-
=
Ur
b-d gjdc 2 udu,

a-b
y=f=a.
b 0
[See 321.02.]
256.11
[See 340.04.]
where rt.2 is given above and rt.i = c (a - b) fb (a - c).

256.12
[See 340.04.]
256.13
:V
'1 / ___
~-- - - - - - - - -
t--=_d___
•/ V(a-t)(t-b)(t-c)
dt =(b-d) gf ___clll_z_ud__'t__
'Ul
t - u2
sn 2 u"
[See 339.01.]
b 0
256.14 • ry ,r--~- ----

1; __a_-=!___dt=(a-b)
V(t-b)(t-c)(t-d) g•
r ul
cn2udu
t - u2 sn 2 u"
[See 338.01.]
b 0
!V
~ u
256.15 .1 /__ L=:- b ---~~ d t = (b-c) oc 2 [

1
sn 2 u du [See 337.01.]
(a-t) (t-c) (t-d) g• 1-u2 sn 2 u ·
b 0
J1V(ft_~!)
y -------- ••
256.16 (I --_q) dt = (b- c) (b- d) r-~-=--2{_ d_!t_ ·•

(~- t) (t- b) g• (1 - u2 sn 2 u) 2
b 0
[See 362.17.]
256.17 j .VI----
l' ---------
(t- c) (a-
- t)- d t
(t-b)(t-d)
= (a - b) ( b - c) g . . cn- u-----
2 du .rul
• (1-u2 sn2u)2
b 0
[See 362.16.]
:V -----·-- ut
{ 1/(t-c)(t-b) dt=(b-c)2oc2 J~n 2udu_

2 [See362.15.]
256.18 • V(a-t)(t-d) g (1-u sn2u)2'
b 0
y --.--- 1!1
.fv (t- c) (t- d)

256.19 (a-t)~_IJJ dt =(a-b) (b- c) oc2 {.S.r-'2ucn2udu.
g. (1 - u sn 2 u) 2 2
b 0
[See 362.18.]
256.20
b
1;1/(a-
V
t) (t- d)
(t- b) (t- c)
dt =(a-b) (b- d) r·~n 2 udn 2~_clu
g• (1 -u2sn2u)2 ·
0
[See 362.20.]
256.21
• /:vv=-bfTI-d}
(a-t)(t-c)
dt = (b- c) (b- d) oc2 r·~n2udn2udu
g• (1-rt."sn 2 u) 2 •
b 0
[See 362.19.]
J
y
dt
256.22
(t- c)mV(a- t) (t- b) (t- c) (t- d)
b
256.23
If
v~-t, Vt-b, Vi=-c and Vt-d, (a:2';y>b>c>d). 123
y ~
dt g (1-IX 2sn 2u)m
256°24 (a-t)mV(a_:t)(t-b)(t-c)(t-d) =(a-b)mf (1-sn 2 u)m du,
b 0
y =1= a. [See 340o04.]
y u.
_dt_V(t-c)(t-d) _ (b-c)(b-d)gj ctc2udu
256025 J a-t (a-t)(t-b)- a-b 1-IX2sn2u'
y =f=ao
b 0 [See 362009.]
256026 Jci_~v(t-c)
y
t-d
(a-t) = (b-c) (a-b)gf
(t-b)(t-d) b-d
cd2udu
1-IX2sn2u
~
' [See 362008.]

b 0
256027 y =!= ao
[See 362006.]
J
y
(t-c) (t-b) (b-c)21X2g Ju 1 sd 2 udu
256028 _d_t__ [See 362007.]
t-d (a-t) (t-d) b-d 1-a2 sn 2 u
b 0
256029
y
__3_t__v(a-t) (t-b)
J t -c (t -c) (t-d)
= (a-b)oc2
g
J ~
sn 2ucn2udu
1- a2 sn2 u
0
[See 362010.]
b 0
2g Ju\ct 2 ucn 2 udu

256030 [ Y_ci_t__v(-;=t)(i=b) =(a-b) (b-c)a
• t-d (t-c)(t-d) b-d 1-a2sn2u 0
b 0
[See 362ol3o]
! . '!!..... 1
y ~
256.31 ~-t) (t-::-d) _ (a-b) (b-d) gfcn 2 u dn 2 u du [See 36 2.12.]

t-c V(t-b)(t-c)- b-c 1-a2sn2 u '
b 0
J
y u.
dt v(t -b) (t-d) (IJ_-c)(~-d)gftn 2 udn 2 udu
256032 a-t (a-t)(t-c) a-c 1-a2 sn 2 u
, --1-
y--,a.
b o [See 362014.]
y ---- u.
256o33 • f ~v(t-b)(t-d) =(b-d)oc2
t-c (a-t)(t-c) g
Jsn2udn2uduo
1-a2 sn2u
[See362oii.J
0
256.34 Jl/
:V
~
-
(t-b) (t-c)(t-d)_dt=
a- t
(b-c) 2 (b-d) cx. 2
g
J ul
sn2 udn 2 udu
(1-a2 sn2 u) 3
0
b 0
[See 362021.]
256.35 J11 y --~
(t --__d) (a -.._tl_(t-=..:_;) d t = (b- d) (a-b) (b-

t-b
c) g f
•
u.
cn2 udn2udu •
(1-a2 sn 2 u) 3
b 0
[See 362022.]
256.36 f y
(a-t)(t-b)(t-d)dt=(a-b)(b-c) (b-d)oc2 fsn2ucn2udn2udu.
t- c g (1- ~2sn2u) 3
~
b 0
[See 362.24.]
256.37 J'vj_~~_t)__(t -_!!)_(t_~ji dt =(a-b) (b- c)2 oc2 gj"'sn2 u cn2 u du .

t-d (1-~2sn2u)S
b 0
[See 362.23.]
y
256.38 1 b
JV(a-t) (t-b) (t-c) (t-d) dt
sn 2ucn 2 udn2u
=(b-c)2(a-b)(b-d)oc2 gj ( )
u,
du. [See362.25.]
1- 0( 2 sn2 u 4
0
256 39
'
f y
dt
(t-p)mll(a-t)(t-b)(t-c)(t:_:d)
. = g
(b-p)m
f ~
(1- 0(2sn2u)m du
(1-0(~sn2 u)m'
b V o
[See 340.04.]
where oc2 is given above, oc: = (p- c) (a-b) /(P-b) (a- c), p 9= b.
y ~
256.40 J (t-P 1 )dt.. ... = (b-=f.t.)_fj 1-~~snzu du

(t-p)lf(a-t)(t-b)(t-c)(t-d) b-p 1-0(~sn 2 u '
b 0
[See 340.01.]
where oc~ = (P1 - c) (a- b)/(P1 - b) (a- c),
oc: = (p - c) (a- b) /(P - b) (a - c), p 9= b.
f V(a- t) (t- b) (t- cf(t-

y ~
256.41 R(t)dt . = jR[b-c0(2 sn2 u]du

d) g 1 - 0( 2 sn 2 u '
b 0
Integrands involving Va- t, Vt- b, Vt- c and Vt- d,

(a > y ~ b > c > d)
502 u = (b - d) (a- t) k 2 = (a- b) (c ~ d)_ g_ 2

(a-b) (t- d) ' (a- c) (b- d) ' - V(a _ c) (b- d) '
cx.2 = b- a
b- d
< 0, rp= amul = sin-1 v-(b-=- d) (a- y) '
(a- b) (y - d)
snu =sinrp.
I
257.00 {J y
a dt ·
V(a- t)(t- b) (t- c) (t- d)
=gju~u=gu1 =gsn-1 (sinrp,k)
0
= gF(rp, k), [cf. 256.00.]
l
Va-t, Vt- b, Vt- c and Vt- d, (a >y 2 b >c >d). 125
f
u1
257.01 y
_!!_____
t- d V 1 1- c
(a- t) (t- b) (t- d)
= (J, ~__{;__
a- d g f dn u du
0
2
l av
a-c E ( )
= ----g a-c (cp, k).
a-d
u 1 = ----gE
a-d
257.02 f t- d
(a- t) (t- b) (t- c)
dt- (a- d)
- g
fu, 1-
du
o:2 sn 2 u
y 0
= (a- d) g II (cp, rJ. 2 , k). [See 400.]
where r1. is given above.
2
257.03 Ji-= V
a dt
~-
t-b
(a- t) (t- c) (t- d) =
a-b__gfu~d2udu.
a- c
y o [See 320.02.]
257.04 f
a
dt -
----
t- c
V/
,
a- t
(t- b) (t- c) (t- d)
d-a
= - - - g rJ. 2
a- c
! U1
s d2 u d u.
y o [See 318.02.]
a ~
257.05 f t_dtl/
- d V (t-
a-t
b) (t- c) (t- d)
=-rJ.2gjsn2u du.
y o [See 310.02.]
a I ·--~-~ Ut
257.06 ·_cl!___ l/ t- d --- = _a,_- dgjnd2 u du.

•/ t - c V (a- t) (t- b) (t- c) a- c
y o [See 315.02.]
I =1j ~ 1g f nc2 u du, *

a --------------- "•
257.07 t ~b V(a- t) (~ (t- c) = -: y b.
y Ö [See 313.02.]
257.08
y
. t-ra
dt
b
V/- - - -a-- t
I
(t- b) (t- c)
~-------
(t- d)
-
~=~g~~n2 udu,
o
y=j=b.
[See 316.02.]
257.09
j. j'ctc u d u ,
a
l/ (a- t) (t-
~-- ________ _ _ u1
257.10 dt - I t-c a-c

= ----- -- g 2 y =j= b •
t- b b) (t- d) a- b
Y 0 [See 321.02.]
257.ll I ~-
a
tmdt
t) (t- b) (t- c) (t- d)
= am
g
I ~
(1- o:isn2 u)m

(1- o:2 sn 2 u)m
du
'
y 0
[See 340.04.]
where r1.i = (b- a) dja (b- d) and rJ. 2 is defined above.
257.12 J
a
~- ~---- --
dt
tmV(a-t)(t-b)(t-c)(t-d)
--------"'---=
am
g
-
J ~
(1- ()(2sn2u)m
- - - - - -~
( 1- ~d sn 2 u)m
- du.
y o a
[See 340.04.]
257.13 J a
t-c
(a-t) (t-b) (t-d)
dt (
= a - c
)
g J ~
dn 2 udu
1 - ()( 2 sn2 u ·
[S ee 33901 J
· ·
y 0
257.14 Jv
a
a-t
(t-b) (t-c) (t-d)
dt=(d-a)N 2
~ g
J ~
sn 2 udu
1- ()( 2 sn2 u ·
'S
L ee
337 01 J
· ·
y 0
257.15 Jv
a
t-b
(a-t) (t-c) (t-d)
dt-(a-b)
- g
J ~
1-
cn2udu
()(2 sn 2 u ·
[See 338.01.]
y 0
257.16 Jv
a
(t-c)(t-d)dt=(a-c)(a-d)
(a-t)(t-b) g
J ~
dn 2 udu
(1-()(2sn2u)2
. 1See362.17.]
L
y 0
257.17
257.18
257.19 JV
a
(a~ t) (t-b) d t = (d -a)(a-b) (1.2
(t-c)(t-d) g
! ~
511211 cn"_u_<f_lt.
(1-()( 2 sn2u) 2
[See 362.18.]
y 0
257.20 1~1/(a-t)(t-d)
V (t-c) (t-b)
dt=- (a-d) 2 (J.2 r"'~~ 1 ~~.
g. ( u)2 1-()(2 sn 2
[See 362.15.]
y 0
257.21
j'lV/(t- b) (t- c) (t- d) dt =(a-b) (a-c) (a-d) gf cn u d!l~ t;,_<i_u,

a ~
257.22 2
a- t ( 1- ()(2 sn2 u)3
y 0
[See 362.22.]
257.23 JV-(_a-
a
t)(t- c) (t- d) dt =
t-b
(c- a) (a- d)2(J.2
g.
r
~
sn2udn2udu.
(1-()(2sn2u)3
Y 0 [See 362.21.]
Va__:t, Vt::__b, Vt-c and Vt-d, (a>y :2b>c>d). 127
a ~
257.24 IV~~~ t) (t- b) (t- d) dt = (b- a) (a- d)2 (1.2 gf sn2ucn2udu .

t--c (1-a:2sn2u)3
y 0
[See 362.23.]
257.25 JV a 1_____
1/(cl~t) (t-b)!f::::!ldt=(d-a) (a-b) (a-c) (1.2 gf-sn2ucn2_udn2udu •

t- d
u1
(1 -a;2sn2u)3
f
Y 0
[See 362.24.]
V(a__.t) (t-b) (t-c) (t-d) dt
257.26
1=(a-b) (c-a) (a-d) 2(1.2gf sn:_2tcn udn ~du
)' u,
2 2 [See 362.25.]
(1 - a;2 sn" u)4 ·
0
257.27 J a
dt - - - - = --- g
(t- c)mV(a -- t) (t- b) (t- c) (t- d) (a- c)m
-J ~
J~- a;2 sn" u)m du

(1- k 2 sn 2 u)m ·
y 0
[See 3-4-0.04.]
a ~
257.28/·------ - ___ dt
= _g_ r(1-(J. 2 sn 2 u)mdu
• (t -- d)m V(a- t) (t- b) (t- c) (t- d) (a- b)m, ·
Y 0 [See 331.03.]
a u1
1f
dt g (1-a:2sn2u)m
257.29
y
(t- b)mV(a-- t) (t--b) (t__: c) (t- d) = (~-d)mi 0
(1- sn 2 u),n-du,
y =I= b. [See 3-40.04.]
257.30 r- a
dt 1/(t::::c)Jt-::__'0_ -
• t -- b ~ (a- t) (t- b) -
(a_~ c)((l-:-- d) g
a- b •
r- u1
1-
dc2 u du
a: 2 sn 2 tt '
y =I= b.
y 0
[See 362.09.]
a ~----- ________ u1
257.31 r--dt 1/(t-c)(a--t) =(c-a)(J.2gf-"n"uc!n_2_ztdu. [See362.ll.]
. t - d ~ (t- b) (t- d) 1 - a:" sn 2 u
y 0
a ------------~--- u1
257.32[- dt 1/(1--c)(a=:t)= (a-d)(a-c)gj'tn2udn"udu
, t - b ! (t- b) (t- d) b- d , 1 - a;2 sn2 u ·
y 0
[See 362.1-4.]
257.33 Ja-cl_t_
t-d
1/ (a-t)(t-d)
~
(t- c) (t- b) = (a-b) (a- c) g ru 1cn2u dn2 u du
a--;z--. -1·.:.:_-~2sn2u ·
y 0
[See 362.12.]
f-'!! __ 1;~t)(t-
a
257.34 b) (d -(l)J(l_-:::_b)_a:2 g r'"sct 2 u cn2 udu
t - V (t - (t- c c) d) a- c • 1- a:2 sn2 u ·
y 0
[See 362.13.]
257.35 J-d_t__
y
t- d
a
1/!a- t) (t- b)
(t- c) (t- d) 1
= (b- a) (/.2 r
g•
0
~
sn2 ucn" u du .
1 - a: 2 sn2 u
[See 362.10.]
257.36 f--
a
dt
t- c
(a- t) (t- d)
(t- c) (t- b)
= -~- d) 2 oc 2
c- a
gf u,
1-
_s~:?,t d_1~
oc2 sn2 u
__ • [See 362.07.]
y 0
f ----
a
dt (a- t) (t- d)
257.37 y=f=b.
t- b (t- b) (t- c)
y
[See 362.06.]
257.38 J-d!__
a
t- c
(t- b) (t- d) -Ja- b) (a- d)
(a- t) (t- c) - a- c
gj ~
1-
cd2 u du
oc2 sn2 u ·
[See 362.08.]
y 0
f-
a u,
g f(1-oc2sn2u)m d
257.39 dt .. .
= (p-a)m (1::_:-~sn2 u)m U,
(p- t)m V(a- t) (t- b) (t- c) (t- d)
y
0 [See 340.04.]
where oc~=(P-d) (a-b)j(a-p) (b-d), p=f=a.
257.40 f
a
(p1 - t) d t
(p-t)V(a-t)(t-b)(t-c)(t-d )
. _ p1 - a
- --g
P-a
f ~
1- oc~ sn2 u
1-ocisn2 u
d u,
y 0
[See 340.01.]
where
oc~ = (P1 - d) (b- a)j(p1 - a) (b- d),
oci = (p- d)(b- a)j(p- a) (b -d), p =f= a.

a ~
257.4tf R(t)dt _ =gjR[a-oc2dsn2u]du

V(a- t) (t- b) (t- c) (t- d) 1- oc2 sn 2 u '
y 0
lntegrands involving Vt-a, Vt-b, Vt-c and Vt-d,

(y > a > b > c > d)
sn2u = (b-d) (t-a) k 2 = (b-c) (a-d) 2
V--····---
g=- ..
(a-d) (t-b) ' (a-c) (b-d) ' V(a-c) (b-d) '
(b-d) (y-a)
oc2 = a-d_ >1 rp=amu1 =sm
0 _
1
(a-d)(y-b), sn u1 = sinrp .
I
b-d '
y ~
25800
. fv- · -
a
~-~~-~~-~~-~
dt. ..... =gJdu=gu1 =gsn-1 (sinrp,k)
0 = g F(rp, k).
Vt-a, Vt-b, Vt-c and Vt-d, (y>a>b>c>d). 129
258.02 {fyv___ t-b

(t-a)(t-d)(t-c)
dt- -b
-(a
du
)g.f1-()(2sn2u
.
a 0
=(a-b) g II(rp, CJ.2 , k), [See 400.]
where CJ.2 is given above.
258.03 fy~t__
t- c
t-b a-b
= - - g nd2 u
c---c-c-----o-:c----:::-
(t-a) (t-c) (t-d) a- c
f u,
du . [See 315.02.]
a 0
258.04 f V y
dt
t- c
t-a a-b 2 d2 d
(t-b) (t-c) (t-d) = a- c rJ. g S U U ·
f ~
[See 318.02.]
a 0
[See 316.02.]
J~~ := ~ J
y ~
258.06 c -v;-a) ~t=~ (t-c) = g cd2 u du. [See 320.02.]

a 0
J~ := ~ J
y ~
258.07 t b V(t-a) ~t=~ (t-c) = g cn2 u du. [See 312.02.]

a 0
f
y ~
258.08 __!_t__v
t- b
t- a
(t-b) (t-c) (t-d)
=rk2 fsn2udu.
g [See 310.02.]
a 0
258.09
y
f--dt__-
t- d
t-b a-b
= - - g nc 2 u
-:-:-----;---;-:------;--;c----:::-
(t-a) (t-c) (t-d) a- d
f u,
du . [See 313.02.]
a 0
258.10 jt ~
a
d v;;. a) (~ =~) (t _ d) = :=; j~c2 u g
o
du. [See 321.02.]

258.11 J y
tmdt
v(t-a) (t-b) (t-c) (t-d)
~
. =amgj(1 -rx.t~n 2 u)m du. [See340.04.]

(1- rx2 sn 2 u)m
a 0
where IXi = (a -d) bfa (b -d).
258.12
y . ~
258.13 f l
Vf ( )(t-~)( t -
{t= a t -
d) dt=(a-c)gj dn 2rxu2 ~!'
1- sn 2 u
-. [See339.01.]
a 0
[See 338.0 I.]
y
258.15 ! V (t-b) (t-c)
t-a
(t-d)
---
dt-( -b) 2
- a IX g
J ul
snZudu
1 - rx2 sn2 u ·
[S
ee
33701]
· ·
a 0
f
y u,
258.16 (t-c)(t-d) dt= (a-c) (a-d) rcn2udn2udu. [See362.20.]

(t-a)(t-b) g. (1-rx2 sn2 u)2
a 0
y ~
258.17 J v (t-c) (t-a) dt = (a _ b) (a _ c) a: 2 Jsn2udn2udu

(t-b) (t-d) g (1-rx 2 sn 2 u)2 •
a o
[See 362.19.]
258.18
y
(t-c)(t-b) dt=(a-b)(a-c)
.r v (t-a)(t-d) g
J ~
dn 2 udu
(1-rx2 sn2 u) 2
. [See362.17.]
a 0
y u,
258.19 !V(t-a)(t-b)dt=(a-b)2 C(2r sn2udu . [See 362.15.]
(t-c) (t-d) g . (1-rx2sn•u)2
a 0
f
y u,
258.20 (t-a) (t-d) dt = (a _ d) (a _ b) a:Z fsn 2ucn 2 udu

(t-b)(t-c) g (1-rx•sn2u)2 ·
a 0
[See 362.18.]
258.21
y
JVit-b)(t-d) dt=(a-b)(a-d)
(t-a)(t-c) g
J ~
cn 2 udu
(1-rx2 sn 2 u) 2 '
[See362.16.]
a 0
Vt- a, Vt- b, Vt- c anct v;--=a, (y >a >b >c >d). 131
258.22
258.23
[See 340.04.]
258.24
y
!~------ .dt
(t -b)m V(t-a) (t-b) (t-c) (t-d)
=
(a- b)m
JC1 -
g
u,
IX2 sn2 u)m du
·
a 0 [See 331.03.]
258.25 J y
dt
t- b
V; (t-a)
(t-c) (t-d)
(t-b) a- b
"•
(a-c) (a-d) gfcn 2udn 2 udu.
1 - rx2 sn2 u
[See 362 _12 .]
a 0
y u,
_il!_v(t-c) (t-a) =(a-b) (a- c) rx2gfsn2udn2udu
258.26 J t- b (t-b) (t-d) a-b 1 - rx2sn2u ·
a
0 [See 362.11.]
258.27 J V y
dt
t- d
(t-c) (t-b)
(t-a) (t-d)
(a-b)(a-c)gf dc2udu .
a- d 1 - rx 2 sn2 u
"•
[See362.09.]
a 0
258.28 J V y
dt
t- d
(t-c) (t-a)
(t-b) (t-d) b- d
u,
(a-b) (a- c)gftn 2 udn2 udu.
1 - rx2 sn2 u
[See 362 _14 .]
a 0
V Ul
258.29 J_il!_v(t-b)(t-d) = (a-b)(a-d)g-J cd 2 u~. [See362.08.]

t- c (t-a) (t-c) a- c 1 - rx 2 sn2 u
a 0
Jt~
y u,
(t-a) (t-d) _ (a- d) (a -_b) rx 2 g f sd 2 u cn2 u du
258.30 c (t-b)(t-c) - - - a - c - - - 1-rx2 sn 2 u ·
a 0 [See 362.13.]
258.31
y ---- "--- -------- -
_il!_v(t-a) (t-d) =
J t- b (t-b) (t-c)
(a- d)21X2
g
J ul
sn2 u cn 2 u du.
1 - rx 2 sn2 u
[See 362.10.]
a 0
y u,
(l_-:---_c1(t-_l;)_ = (a- b) 2 r~. 2 gf_sd 2 udu___ _
258.32 rt-~ c (t-c) (t-d) a- c 1- r~. 2 sn 2 u
[See 362.07.]
a 0
9*
y
=Ja =};)_2 g_J
~
258 .33 J~-v (t-a) (t-b) tn2 u du . [See 362.06.]

t- d (t-c) (t-d) b- d 1- oc2 sn2 u
a 0
258.34
J
y
(t-b) (t-c) (t-d)
t- a
dt = (a _ b) (a _ c) (a _ d)
g
J
u,
cn2 u dn2 u du •
(t-oc2sn2u)3
a 0
[See 362.22.]
y u,
258.35
J
a
(t-a) (t-c) (t-d) dt= (a-d)
t- b
(a-b) (a-c) IX.2 gfsn2uc~2u d!]2ud_tt.
0
(1-oc2 sn2 u) 3
[See 362.24.]
y
~u~n2 u cn2 u du
258.36
J
a
(t-a) (t-b) (t-d)
t- c
dt = (a _ b) 2 (a _ c) IX. 2
g
0
(1-oc2 sn 2 u) 3
.
[See 362.23.]
258.37 Jv y
(t-a) (t-b) (t-c) dt=
t-d
(a -b) 2 (a _ c) IX.2
g
J ~
sn2udn2udu
(t-oc2sn2u)3 ·
l
a 0
[See 362.21.]
/V(t-a) (t-b) (t-c) (t-d) dt

258.38 a u,
= (a _ b) 2 (a -d) (a _ c) IX.2 J-sn 2 ucn 2 u dn 2.u du. [See 362.25.]
g 2 2 (1- oc sn u)
4
0
258.39 f
y
dt g
----··------------------
• (p-t)mV(t-a)(t-b)(t-c)(t-d)- (p-a)m
J ~
(t-oc2 sn2u)m
-
(1-oc~sn 2 u)m
du
'
a 0
[See 340.04.]
where rt.~=(P-b) (a-d)/(P-a) (b-d), Pof=a.
J v(t-
y ~
(P -t)dt P1 -a
- g rt-oc~sn
2 u
du,
258.40 · - - - · · · · -1- - - - - - - - - - - = -
(p- t) a) (t-b) (t-c) (t-d) p- a • 1 - oc~ sn2 u
a 0
[See 340.01.)
where
IX.~= (p- b) (a- d)/(P- a) (b- d), p of= a
IX.;= (P1 - b) (a- d)/(P 1 - a) (b- d).
258.41

Va-t, Vt-b, Vt-c and Vt-c, c,ccomplex, (a;;;;;y>b). 133
Integrancts involving Va- t, Vt- b, Vt- canct Vt- c;

(a, b real, a ~ y > b, c, c complex)
V(a-t) (t-b) (t-c) (t-c)= V(a-t) (t-b) [(t-b1 ) 2 +aiJ;

a2 = - (c- c)2 cn u = (a- t) B- (t- b) A A 2 = (a - b1)2 + ai,
1 4 ' (a- t) B +
(t- b) A '
B 2 _ (b _ b )2
- 1
+ 2
al,
_
g-V"AE'
1 k2 _
-
(a- b) 2 - (A - B)2
4AB ,
cnu =coscp, cp=amu =cos-1[(a-y)B-(y-b)A]·

1 1 ~-~B+b-~A
y u,
259.00 (
l
fv .. • dt . =gjdu=gu1 =gcn-1 (coscp,k)
(a-t) (t-b) (t-c) (t-c)
b o =gF(cp,k).
y
dt
V .
(t-c)(t-c) = - g__ dn2udu
u,
259.01 ![(a-t)B+(t-b)A]2 (a-t)(t-b) (a-b)2!
= ~g ~-- E(u 1) = _g~· E(cp k)

(a- b) 2 (a- b) 2 ' •
y
J_!!_ !!_rs_J
~
259.02 1- b = cn u du, 1- y =f= a.

a-t (a-t)(t-c)(t-c) A 1+cnu
b o [See 361.53.]
r
jb
J V(a- t) (t ~:)d(:- c) ( t - c) = fiz:~;)~)m X
259.03
X~
m .
'\' cx:;'~ 1 (cxcx 2 ) 1 m!
(m-j)!j!
.
J u1
du
(1 +cxcn4'
[See 341.05.]
1~0 0
where rt.= (A -B)j(A +B), rt. 2 = (bA -aB)j(aB +bA).

y
r dt (A +
B)m
f(t-p)mV(a-t)(t-b)(t-c)(t-c) = [A(b-p)-B(a-p)Jm X
l
259.04 { b m . . u1
x'\'.a_~=~(a-al)'m!J du ., [See341.05.]
LJ (m-J)!J! (1+acnu) 1
1~0 0
where rt.= (bA-aB +PB-pA)j(aB +bA -PA-pB),

rt.1 = (A- B)j(A + B).
y ~
259.05 f dt v(a-t)(t-b) =_ia-~)"ff..Jsd2 udu. [See318.02.]

(t-c)(t-c) (t-c)(t-c) 4AB
b 0
134 Reduction of Algebraic Integrands to J acobian Elliptic Functions.
f
y ul
259.06 dt (a-tl (t-bL = __g_Jtnzu du.

[(a-t)B-(t-b)A]2 (t-c) (t-C) 4AB
b 0 [See 316.02.]
fV
y ~
259.07 R(t) dt = jR [aB+ bA +(bA-aB) cnu]du

b ra-t) (t-b) (t-c) (t-c) go A + B + (A -
B) cn u '

In the special case when a = - b, and c = - c, see 213. An example
of this appears in 259.75.
Integrands involving Vt-t4, (0 < y ;;:;;: I)

Special
case of
259:
f v
y ul
259.50 dt =gfdu=gu1 =gcn-1 (coS1f!,k) =--/=-F(1p,k),

0
t(1- t 3 J
0
V3
[cf. 259.00].
259.51
259.52
259.53
(HVJ)mg X
259.54 ! (p- 1 - P V3)"'
l [See 341.05.]
rJ.= (V3 -1)/(V3 +1), C(l =(P -1-P V3)/(1 -P-P V3).
Vt-a, Vt-b, Vt--c and Vt-c; c, c complex, (b<a<y<oo). 135
[See 318.02.]
259.56
Integrands involving vr=t4, (y <I)
Another special I cnu = t, k

a
= 1/2, rp = amu 2 = cos 1 (y)
_
case of 259 : .
JV~~
1 u,
259.75 t4 = vz-fdu=~~= V2cn - (cosrp, k) 1 = V2 F(rp, lf2/2).

y 0 [cf.213.00].
259.76 JV:t.:..::e"
1
t 2 mdt
---=~
1 Jcn u,
2m
udu. [See 312.05.]
y
Vz 0
Jv-~-_:_ t4 V2 JR (cn u) du,

1 u,
R(t) dt 1
259.77 =
y 0
Integrands involving Vt- a, Vt- b, Vt- c and Vt- c;

(b< a< y< oo, c, c complex)
V (t- a) (t- b)(t=cf{T- c) =V (t- a) (t- b) [(t- b1 ) 2 + a~], b1 = ~1 c ,

a2 = _ (c- c)_:_ = 1/VA B k2 = (A + B) 2 - (a- bE_
1 4 ' g ' 4AB '
(t-b)A-B(t-a)
A2=(a-b1 ) 2 +a~, B 2 =(b-b1 ) 2 +a~, cnu= (t-b)A+B(t-a) •
rp = amu1 = cos-1 [ (A - B) y +aB- bA ]

cnu1 = cosrp.
(A + B) y- aB- bA '
260.00 { j Vlt- a) (1- ~~(I-') (1- ')

J
0
"'
= g du= gu1 = gcn-1 (cosrp, k)
= g F(rp, k).
I
136 Reduction of Algebraic Irrtegrands to J acobian Elliptic Functions.
y ~
j[(t-b)A+B(t:...::.-~jpv(t-a)(t-b)=
dt . .. . (t- c) (t- c) g d 2 d
260.0l (a-b)2! n u u
= __g -- E (u 1 ) = _____g~ E (cp, k).

(a- b) 2 (a- b) 2
f =:) f: +-~::du. [See 361.53.]

y ~
260.02 t ~b v(t _ b) (~ (t _ c) = ~ g
a 0
rJV (t- a) (t- tmb) dt(t- c) (t- c).

Y (Ba- bA)m
(B+A)m-g X
u~~,a m
LJ
.
X "\' rx';'-J (rx- rx 1)1 m!
(m-j)!j!
.
J~ du .
(1+rxcn4'
[See 341.05.]
J~O 0
where ct.=(B+A)j(B-A), rt.1 =(Ba+ b A)j(B a-b A).
J
y
dt (B-A)mg X
(t- p)m v(t-a) (t- b) (t- c) (t- c) (Ba+bA -pA -pB)m
a
260.04
[See 341.05.]
where ct.= (Ba +bA -pA -pB)j(Ba-bA +PA-pB),
rt. 2 = (B +A)j(B -A).
260.05 J
y
dt
(t _ c) (t _ c)
(t-a)(t-b) =_Ca_-:=-b) 2 g-Ju~d2 udu. [See318.02.]
(t-c) (t-c) 4AB
a 0
260 06
"
J y
dt
[(t-b)A-B(t-a)]2
v(t- a) (t- b) = - _g_Jtn 2 u du
(t-c)(t-c) 4AB .
ut
a 0 [See316.02.]
26007
·
J y
R(t)dt .
V(t-a)(t-b)(t-c)(t-c)
=gjR[Ba-bA+(Ba+bA)c_!!u]du
B-A+(A+B)cnu '
~
a 0

Irrtegrands involving Vt(1+!3), (y >O). 137
In the special case when c = - c and a = - b,
260.08 j .V(t2-R(t)
y
dt
a2) (t2+ a2) = -Va2
1
+ a"-
f R(a
u,
nc u) du. [See 211.]

a 1 1 0
Integrands involving Vt (I+ t 3 ), (y > 0)
Special
case of
260:
V+j}_).
y u,
fv t
----
260.50 dt =- = gjdu = g u1 = g cn-1 (cos 1p, k) = g F(1p, 2
0
(1+ t3) 4 '
0
[See 341.05.]
260.53
[See 341.05.]
260.54 [See 318.02.]

260.55 f
y
R(t) dt = _1 jR [u,
1 - cn u ) d
0
Vt(1+t 3) V3 0 V3-1+(1+V3)cnu u,
Integrands involving Vt
4 - I, (y > I)
Another special cnu =1ft, k 2 = 1/2, cnu1 = cosrp,

case of 260: rp = amu1 = cos-1(1/y).
u,
f Vt
y
260.75 rl__t-=- = --1=-Jdu = ~ u1 = ~cn-1 (cosrp, k) =-~F(rp, f2/2),

4
-1 Vz Vz Vz Vz
1 0
[cf. 211.00].
260.76
1
f ~: v~:-~~- = V2 j~n 2 u du= V2E(~) =
0
V2E(rp, V2/2).
f Vt4 -1
y u,
260.77 t2md!_ = __1__jnc2mudu. [See 313.05.]

1
Vz 0
f Vif.:...:-1 = Vz- f R(ncu) du.

y u,
260.78 R(t) dt 1
1 0
Integrands involving Vt- a, Vt -band V(.zT_:__ a- b) 2 + 4ai,

(oo>y~a>b>O)
sn2u= 4ai+(a-b)2 k2- 4ai

4ai+(2t-a-b) 2 ' - 4ai+(a-b)2 ' g V4ai+(a-b)2'
rp = amu1 = sin-1[k V4a~+-tza:.::.:.. a- b)2]'
lf
sn u1 = smrp.
00 u,
v(t- f
dt
- =g du= gu1
261.00 a) (t- b) [(2t- a- b) 2 + 4ai]
y 0
= gsn-1 (sin rp, k) = gF(rp, k).
261.01
f
/l
00 ~
261.02 dl -- l f ( l - a) (I- b) .. -- .. = _f_jcn2 u du

+ (21- a- b) 2 ] V4-ai + (21- a- b)
0
[4a~ 2 4
Y 0 [See 312.020]
261.03
00
[4ai + (21- a- b) 2 ]m V(l- :; (1- b) [4ai + (21- ~- b)2j
/l
u,
= g2 m+ljsn 2 muduo [See 310.050]

0
261.04
00
(1 -a),;;-(t=z;)m v(t- a)~.;_l,)f4aT-t-(2t=~=-- b)'~]

u,
= 4m g2 m+1Jtn 2 m u du, (y =!= a) 0 [See 316.050]
0
w- ~) (;~b)[4~i + (21--- a'-

00
261.051 / (21- a- wm b)2]
g2 m+lf~d2 muduo
l
= [See 318.050]
0
261.06
f
Y
oo (2t - a - b) 2 dl
(t.=--a)(t·::_-bJV(t .::_-,,;/{t-=--=bJ-[4af+ (21- a- b)2]
J
u,
= 4g dc 2 udu, y =1= ao [See 321.020]
f
0
261.07 f
00
dt
(21-a-b)ii-
V·4ai+.<iT-=----a-=-w
(t- a) (t- b)
=
g
4
~
c
d2
u
d
uo
y 0
[See 320.020]
261.08 f '(.2i...:-;...:_b)2 V
oo
dt
-----·---- _
4ai +
(21- a- b) 2
(t-a)(l-b)
_
-g
f u1
nd 2 uduo [See315.020]
y 0
261.09
where R(t) is a rational function of to

lntegrands involving Vt_:--1, Vt and Vt t+ f, 2 - (oo > y;;;;;; I)
Special
case of
261:
261.52 [See 310.05.)
261.53 !CO dt
(t2- t + 1)
vt(t~ J) =.fu~il2 U dU •
12--=-t+ 1 [See 312.02.]
y 0
261.54
y
J CO
dl ·
tm(1-1)mvl(t-1) (t 2 -1-t1)
·· - =Jtn 0
~
2 mudu
'
y=f= 1. [Sec 316.05.)
f
CO ~
261.55 dt =.{sd2m u du. [See 318.05.]

(21- 1) 2 m Vt (t- 1) (1 2 - 1-+ 1)
y 0
J (
CO ~
261.56 21 ___. 1) 2 dt .. =4jdc2 udu, y=f=1. [See321.02.]

t(t-1) Vt(t-1) (t2-t+ 1)
y 0
J--d-1-V_t_~~L-
oo ________ u1
261.57
+
(21- 1) 2 12 - t 1 -
1
4 .
{cd 2 ztdu. [See 320.02.]
y 0
[See 315.02.]
261.59 foo R(t)dt =.fu~[_!_+2dsu]du,

Vt (t- 1) (t2- I+ 1)
y 0

Irrtegrands involving Vt 4 +2b 2 t +a
2 4, (O<b<a; oo >y :2:; 0). 141
Integrands involving Vt + i62-t +-a

4 2 4, (0 y ~ 0)
(Here all the zeros of t4 +2 b t +a 2 2 4 are complex)
cnu = ~-a2 k2 = a 2
b'!._ g = 1/2a,
+a
-
12 2 ' 2a2 '
cp = am u 1 = cos -1 [.2'.~"-2 ], cn ~t1 = cos cp.

y2 + a2
JVt4 +
00 u,
263.00 dt = gjdu = gu1 =gcn-1 (coscp, k) =gF(cp, k),

2b2 t2 + a4
y 0 [cf. 225.00].
263.01
263.03 [See 310.02.]
263.04 [See 312.02.]
263.05 y=j=a. [See316.02.]
263.07 [See 321.02.]

263.09
lntegrands involving Vt + I, 4 { oo > y :2; 0)
Special cnu=-----
t2 - 1
k2 =1/2, cnu1 =COS1p,
case
2 t +1 '
of above: 1p = amu1 = cos-1 [t~i~ ]·
f Vi4~ 1
00 u,
263.50 ~Idu = ~ u1 = -~ cn - 1 (cos 1p, k) = -1 F(?JJ, Vz/2),

y
0 [cf. 264.50].
J+ + 1 _ --1 j. dn
u,
- Vt-~---dt-
00
263.51
{1 2
4
1 }2 2
2 _
udu- 1
-E(u)
1 2
=
1
--E
2
(
1p
'
l12/2.
,-- )
y 0
!. + 1} Ju, v-- )
00
{1 2 2 dt 1 du
263.52 =- ~-- -- = -1 I I (1fJ,r:t.2 , 2/2.
[(t2 + 1)2- 4at2 t2J Vt4 + 1 2 1 - at 2 sn 2 u 2
y
o [See 400.]
263.53 [See 310.02.]
263.54 [See 312.02.]
[See 316.02.]
263.56
J12-,;;0: +-1
00
263.57 [See 341.55.]

y
Integrands involving Vt•+zb2t"+a 4 , (a >b; O:S:y;S;a). 143
Vi4-+ 1 d t = -1 fu,dc 2 u du
foo-(t2-
263.58 - -1)2- 2 '
y =l= 1. [See 321.02.]
y 0
263.59 [See 318.02. J
f Vt• +
00 u,
263.60 R (I) d_!_. = _t_jR [·· sn u -]du,

1 2 1 - cn u
y 0
JV--=~t__ ___ c~ gJdu =gu

a u,
264.00 = =gtn-1 (tanrp, k) = gF(rp, k).

+ t· + 2b 2 t 2 a'
1
, 0
~w~.
= _gju~n 2 udu
k'
264.01 0
= { 7 E(u1) = f, E(rp, k).
264.02
264.03 [See 316.05.]
264.04
[See 342.05.]
where rx=(a+P)fk'J(p-a), Po4=a.
264.05 f
a
(1 2 -
(a- t) 2=-'-'=='-=
V
dt
2 a c t + a•) t4 + 2 b• 12 + a4
= ( 1 1, k') f ~
g sn 2 u d u.
y o [See310.02.]
f _______+
a ~
264.06 (':±_02_dt_______ = _(1_±_k')g_jcn2udu

(12 - 2a c t +
a 2 ) Vt 4 2b2t2+~ k' ·
Y o [See312.02.]
f
a ~
264.07 (a+t)•dt ... --,-=g(1+k')Jcd2 udu.

(1 2 + 2act + a 2) Vt 4 + 2b 2 t2 + a4
Y 0 [See 320.02.]
264.08
lntegrands involving Vt + 1, (0 ::;:y < 1}

4
-) 1 - t ( lh )
Special tnu= ( 1+V2- 1+t' k 2 =43y2-4, k'=V1-k 2 ,
case of
g = 2 - (2, 1p = am u1 = tan -1 [ ( 1 + V2) : ~ ~] ,
above:
tn u1 = tan 1p •
1 u,
264.50 J-cd~ - = gjdu = g u1 = (2- V2) tn- 1 (tan 1p, k) = (2- V2) F(1p, k),
Vt4+t
y 0 [ cf. 263.50].
264.51 f
1
-(t-+tVz+tl
2
_ - --= at =-,
.
g dn 2 udu = -,E(u
g f~
( V-)
1 ) = 2+ 2 E(1p, k).
(1 2-tV2+ 1) Vt +t k k
y 0
1 m +" . ~
264.52 f-tm~t- = (2-V2) ~ i=_t_)"'__lm~J-- du .
y
Vt-+t f....J
)=0
(m-f) 1 1 i
0
it+(V2-t)tnur ·
-
[See 342.05.]
[See 316.05.]
Integrands involving V/4 + b t2 +a 4, (b< 2a 2, 0 S y< oo). 145
where a:=(V:2-1)(1+PJ/(1-p), P=J=1.
264.55 J(y
1
t2 - t
(V-t)+ 1)dvt4 +.
2
2
1
=2(2-V2)gjsn 2 udu.
0
"•
csee3IO.o2.J
264.56 J =2(2+V2)gju~n2 udu.

1
( 1 +t)Zdt [See312.02.]
y
(t2 _ t V2 + Vt4 + 1
1)
0
J
1 ~
264.57 (v+t) 2 dv =(4-2V2)gjcd2 udu. csee32o.o2.J

y
(1 2 +t 2 + 1) t4 +1 0
where R (t) is a rational function of t.
t 2 - a2 2a 2 - b
cnu = --- k2 = - - - g = 1j2a
t2+a2' 4a2 ' '
; = amu1 = cos-1 [ y2 _ a2] cnu1 = cos;.

y
2
+ a2 ,
JV +
00 u,
266.00 dt = gjdu = gu1 = gcn-1 (cos;, k) = gF(;, k),

14 b t2 +a 4
y 0 [cf.263.00.]
266.01 JVt4~~
00
+
dt
(t2 a2)2
= g jdn u du= g E(u
"•
2 1) = g E (;, k).
y 0
266.02 [See 316.05.]
266.03

[See 341.05.]
where IX= (a 2 + p)j(a 2 - p), p =j= a 2•
266.05 f
oo t2m dt = g2m+1 fu~n2 m U du. [See 310.05.]
(t2 + a2)2m Vt4 + b t2 + a4
y 0
266.06 [See 315.05.]
266.07
266.08 [See 320.05.]
fV + __ ]du
00 u,
266.09 R(t)dt. =gjR[-~snu
t4 b t2 + a' 1 - cn u '
y 0
Integrands involving Vt- a, Vt ~ ~. Vi- c and Vt- ~;

(a, a, c, c alt complex)
A 2 = (b1 - b2)2 + (a1 + a 2)2, B 2 = (b1 - b2)2 + (a1 - a 2)2,

k2 - 4AB 2 2 4ai-(A-B) 2 b
- (A+B)2 • g= A+B • g1 = (A+B)2_:-4ai' Y1= 1-a1g1,
- -bl +
rp=amu1 = t an -1 [-y- ]· t n u =
algl--,
------ t -- bl
-- +-algl., t nu1= t anrp.
al+glbl-gly al+glbl-glt
y u,
267.00 J-V(t-a)(t-a)
___dt(t-c)--(t-c)_ =gjdu=gu1=gtn-1 (tanrp,k)
_ F( k)
y, 0 - g rp, .
Vt--;:;, Vt-~, Vt-c and Vt-ii; (a,a,c,C all complex). 147
267.01
where
jf
y,
y
(t- p)m vu-

dt
a) (t- a) (t-c) (t- c)

267.02
l
267.03
267.04
where
267.05 f y
. R(t) dt
v(t-a)(t-ä)(t-c)(t-c)
~
·-~-=- =g jR [ (bl- atttl (1

t+gltnu
+
txl tn u) ldu'
~ 0
where R(t) is a rational function of ( and 1)(1 is as in 267.01.
In special case when b1 = b2 , let t- b1 = r; then
267.50 f Vw-
. y
b1l 2
R (t) dt ..•
+an [(t- b1) 2 + a~J
. .
y,
148 Reduction of Algebraic Irrtegrands to Jacobian Elliptic Functionso
Integrands1 lnvolving Miscellaneous Fractional

Powers of Polynomials.
Iotegrands involving V[(a -t) (t -b)]3 and y(a -t) (t -b),
(a;;:;;y>b)
V(a-a-b
v
2 = 2 t) (t - b) k 2 = 112
cn u , ,
m = amu = cos-1 4 (a- y) (y- b)

cn u 1 = cos cp
r 1 (a- b)2 '
0
27101
·
{Jv . y
[(a-t)(t-b)]3
dt .. =
~
gjdu=g(K +u1) =g[K+ cn-1 {coscp,k)]

b -K = g[K + F(cp, k)] 0
! '[1 + -
b a-b
2- V(a- t) (t- b)] y[(a-t)(t-b)]3dt . --
271.02 u,
= 2gjdn 2 udu = 2g[E +E(cp,k)]o
-K
271.03
r--d_u_ ___
u,
= _!_ - = _g_JI(ry}, k) + ___ß__ JI(cp, o:: 2 , k) 0
a-b 1-C(2 sn2 u a-b a-b

-K [See 4000]
271.05 j' dt =Va--bju~n 2 uduo [See312.02o]

y(a ~ t) (t- b)
b -K
271.06 J(a-~)--
y
2 V(a-t)(t-b) dt=(a-b)gjsn 2 uduo [See310.02o]
y[(a- t) (t- b)]3
~
b -K
271.07 f
y
4
R(t)... dt
_
y[(a-t)(t-b)]3
···--- = f ~
g R (Ha+ b + v-· 2 (a- b) sn u dn u J) du,

b -K
where R(t) is a rational function to
1 There are other cases in 575.14 and 575.15 which may also be reducedo
Integrandsinvolvmg v(1-1 2) 3 and V1-t2~ (1:2:y>O). 149
Integrands involving V0 -t 2) 3 and yt-t 2 , (I;:;;;: y >0)
cn 2 u=~, k2 =1/2, g=V2

~~--
'ljJ = amu1 = cos-1 V1- y 2 ; cn u1 = cos'lfJ,
271.52 ( j f+ Vt=t2
0 (1- t2)3
dt = 2g
0
fdn 2 udu = 2 V2E(u1 ) = 2 V2E(1fJ, k).
fV v2-fo sn u dn u du.
y u,
271.54 t2dt
-.-;-c-==--~ = 2 2 2 [See 361.02.]
o (1- t2J3
271.55 f y
4
dt
=
v·--2 fu,cn 2 udu. [See 312.02.]
Y1-t2 •
0 0
271.56 f 1-v1-1
0
y
Y(1-
• . · dt = lMJ"·
2
t2J3
y2 sn 2 udu.
0
[See 310.02.]
271.57 [See 318.02.]
271.58 [See 320.02.]
271.59 f i!
0
y
4
t2dt
1 - 12
. = 2 2 v-r •
0
u,
sn 2 ucn 2 udn 2 udu. [See 361.04.]
271.60

Integrands involving Vt (t - a) (t - b) ]3 and lJ(T~aT (t - b),

(oo>y>a>b)
V1t-
cnu = a-b- 2 - a) (t- b)
- - - --------
a-b+ 2 v(t- a) (t- b) '
k2 = 1/2, g= V 2
a-b
-,
y ~
272.00 J, _ d! _ -c:-=~ = g Jau = g cn -I (cos cp, k) = g F(cp, k).

a
if[(t- a) (t- b)]a
- 0
J Y (2t- a- b) 2 dt
[(2t- a- b) 2 +4 (a-b) V(t- a) (t- ll)J V[(t- a) (t- b)J 3
a
272.01 u.
=g J dn 2 udu=gE(u1 ) =gE(cp,k).
0
(I JY 2
[(2t-a-b) +4(a-b) V(t--;~y(i=b)] dt
[(2t-a-b)2+4 (a-b) (1-20t2) V (t-a) (t-b) J V[(t-a) (t-b) ]3
ja
272.02
= g J~ __3-u_ =
u
1- Ot 2 sn 2 u
g II(cp, r1..2, k). [See 400.]
0
J Y
[(2t- a-
[(2t- a- b) 2
/,)2+ 4(~--
- 4(a- b) V(t- a)
b) V(t- a) (t
(~b)] dt
_:"t,lJ V[(t- a) (t__:_ i,)j3
a
272.04
= g
0
J "•
cn 2 udu. [See 312.02.]
J 'v(t--
y
J -: ~ ~: : du.
ul
272.05 dt = ;
[See 361.53.]
a) (t- b)
a 0
Irrtegrands involving l/(t 2 ---1)3 and yi2-=-1~ (oo >y > 1). 151
J
y ~
272.06 .dt ___ = g Jsd 2 udu. [See 318.02.]

a
(2t-a-b)2 y(t- a) (t- b) 8 (a-b)
0
272.07 J y
(Zt-a-b) 2- 4 (a-b) V0Y (t-bf
(2t-a-b) 2 V[(t-a) (t-b))S
u,
dt =gjcd2 udu. [See320.02.]
a - 0
Jv(t-a)(t-b)dt
y
l
a u1 u1
272.08
_ _1_[F(
- ga rp, k)-4! 1+cnu
du +4! (1+cnu)
du
2 •
0 0
[See 341.53 and 341.54.]
272.09 J. V
.---!!-(t)~~
V[(t-a) (t-b)J 3
= gf R [ (a+b) (1+cn
~
u)+Z(a-b) dn u] du
2(1+cnu) '
a 0
Integrands involving V< t 2 - I) 3 and Vt 2 - I, ( oo > y > I)
Special
case of
above:
272.51
+J 0
u,
sn 2 udu. LSee 310.02.]

272.54 J Y
.
dt
=-
1 fu,sd udu. 2 [See 318.02.]
t2vtz_ 1 4
1 0
272.55 [See 361.53.]
272.56 J
y t dt
V(t2-1) 3
= 2 ! u,
dnudu
1+cnu
= 2snu1 = 2
1+cnu1
VY2_ 1 .
1 0
fv J
Y ul ~
272.57 t2 -1dt=[F('1/), k)-4! 1+cnu

du +4 du
(1+cnu)2 ·
]
1 0 0
[See 341.53 and 341.54.]
[See 312.02.]
lSee 320.02.]
f
y u,
272.60 R(Ddtc-=jR[2dnu]du,
• 'jl{tz_ 1)a 1+cnu
1 0
cn 2 u = 1~ 2
V-(t::_:_-b)z ~--
+ az ' k2 = 1/2 ' g= V2a '
q;=amu1=cos-1[.
V(Y- b)2+ a2
v~ ---1· cnul=cosq;.
JVw-
y ~
273.00 dt =gjdu=gu1 =gcn-1 (cosq;,k)=gF(q;,k).

bJ2 + a2J3
b 0
273.01 J Vw-
+
y
a V(t- b) 2 az+
bJ2 + a2J5
dt =
~
2gjdn2 u du= 2g E(u1 ) = 2g E(q;, k).

b 0
Irrtegrands involving V(t +1F and Vt + 1,
2 2 (oo >y >O). 153
[See 312.02.]
273.05 JV(t-
b
Y--c-===dt=-=c- =
b)2 + a2
a gj"~c 2 u du.
0
[See 313.02.]
273.06 f (
y
V
t - b)2dt
[(t- b)2 +
a2]5
= 2a g f ~
tn 2 u dn 2 u du. [See 361.05.]

b 0
273.07 Ja+V(t-b)2+a
y
v[(t- + dt=2agjdc udu.

b)2 a2]3
2
~
2 [See 321.02.]
b 0
273.08 J y
-a+V(t-b)Z+a 2
Vw-
bJ2 a2J3 +
dt=agjtn 2 udu.
~
[See 316.02.]
b 0
JV
y ~
273.09 R(t)dt =gjR(b+aV2tnudcu)du,

b
[(t - b)2 + a2]3 0
Iotegrands involving y(t + 1)

2 3 and yt 2 +I, ( oo > y > 0)
Special
case of
above:
154 Reduction of Algebraic Integrands to J acobian Elliptic Functions.
[See 361.02.]
J(t2 +
Y dt ,- fu,
273.54 1) Vt~'+1 = V2 . cn 2 H du . [See 312.02.]
0 0
273.55 JY yt dt
2 +1
= V2j:c 2 HdH. [See 313.02.]
0 0
[See 361.05.]
[See 321.02.]
J- 1---f tn 2
y -- u,
273.58
1 + Vt + 1
-y(tf-+~)~- d t
2
= 12 H d H. [See 316.0Z.]
0 0
273.59 J
y
R(t2) dt
--.-~= =~ =
y(t2+t)3
v-J 2
u,
R(2 tn 2 H dc 2 H) dH,
0 0
where R(t 2 ) is a rational function of t 2 •
Integrands involving VI+ -r 2 , ( oo > Y > 0)
• = Vt3-1, t= 1/1+•2,
Irrtegrands involving y1_:F7 2 , (oo > Y >O). 155
[See 341.53.]
[See 341.55.]
274.06 _ .
3m-3i+l U1
'\' (-3-V3)1(3m -3i+1)! { du [See341.55.]

X LJ j! (3m-3i+1-j )! • 0-t-~n-u)i ·
i=O 0
274.07
_1f_(1±J3) ru·~±(~l-z)c!l_~R[-zV3isn1,ldn~] du
- 2 • 1+cnu (1+cnu) 2 '
0
where R(r) is a rational function of r.

156 Reduction of Algebraic Integrands to ] acobian Elliptic Functions.
Iotegrands involving 1lr· 2 - I, ( oo > Y > 0)
•= v1-t t=-V• -1.

3, 2
275.01
y 1
275.02 -f v:2d~ 1 =~ftdt=+l1-V<P-1f2J.

0 y
275.03 u, 4- .u, )
-2 - __du___ ~-
V3/ t+cnu + ( +V3) ~ (m-f)!f!/(t+cn4
24 1 4 (V3-3)_:_
·
[See 341.53 and 341.55.]
"1
-JV•2 -1 d•
y 1 3 3 .
275.05 = lf~~-= 5)_{_1_+ VJ) ~ (V3-_3t_f __du ___

0
2
y
Vi-ta V3 ~(3-f)!f!
1~0 0
(t+cn4'
[See 341.55.]
Integrandsinvol ving'j/{t-a)(t-b) , (Z>a>b; n=3, 6, 8). 157
275.07
where R(-r) is a rational function of -r.
Integrands involving VTt-a) (t-b), (Z >a >b; n = 3, 6, 8)
t = n[a + b +(a-b) V1 + ..nJ.

dt __ n (a-b) ,n-l d.,.. (a-b)~/ 4
4 V1+-i-» "' g1 = n ~4- V -(a-bf2 '
Y=y4(Z-a)( Z-b)j(a-b) 2 , n=3,6,8.
275.50
z
J-;;-c====·
y
a
dt
V(t--=a) (t-b)
3 3 ---
= - V4(a-b)
4
1-=---==-
0
V +•3
TdT
1
3 v~-----
= - 4(a-b) X
4
275.51
[See 244.05.]
275.52 rsee 578.02.]
z y
275.53 f
a
dt
V(t-a) (t-b)
= 2 'V-~-f
4 (a - W ----=------=
,sd,
V1 +• 8
[See 584.04.]
0
275.54
Integrands involving y(T__:_ -tn)~=-1, (0 :S: Y < lfv2, n = 3, 4, 6)
11- tn = (1- 2rn) 2 , tn = 4-rn(1- in), y = YV4(~--y>if [
~1v2- l
276.00
•
{-r.;=d~ ---
V(1-T")n-l
= --:~- f-v-c•~L
V4 • 1 - tn
-. [See 244.00,213.00 and 576.00.]
y y
Integrands involving 1Ja0 (t1 - a) (11 - b) (1 1 - ;;r a >b >c). 159
Iotegrands involving Va 0 (t1 -a) (t1 -b) (tr -c), (a > b > c)
t = a(b- c) r +ab+ ac- 2bc dt = 2(a_::::-_b) (a- c) (b -c)_dr

1 (b- c) r 2a- b- c + ' 1 [(b- c) r + 2a- b- c] 2 '
G =v~ (a-b) (a- c) (b- c), Y1 = _a_~± ac_::::- 2 b (;_,

2a-b-c
a0
p= 'l._a:_!_-;;~, Y = (b + c- ~ba~~)t-; ~~)a c ::::-_2!_c_.
y y
f 1/a f;~p)f7:;~ 1'

dt1 _ G dr
277.00 \ 0 (t1 - a) (11 - b) (11 - c) - -;,-=/;
Y1 0
[For further rcduction, see 275. J
277.02
where R(t1 ) is a rational function of t1 .

Integrands involving l/a 0 ( t1 - a) [ (t 1 - aS + 7if],

2 (b1 > 0)
tl = 3 b1 T+ a a 1 - ai - bi
b1 -r+a-a 1 '
G= - ~ j_b!_ [(a -
V ao
a 1) 2 + b~], y 1_ -a-a1-- -ai-- -bi,
a- a 1
_ a a - ai- bi + (a- a 1 ) Y
Y - - -1 - - - · ·
bdY- a) ·
278.02
where R(t1) is a rational function of t1 .
Integrands involving Va + 2 b + c,
't4 't 2 ( b2 - a c < 0, oo > Y > 0)
!_!__ = _ t 3 [b ±J&!C-±~2- a~- d t Y= Va Y4 + 2b Y2 +~_

-r (t4-a)Vct4-t-b 2 -=-ac ' Y •
-Lbf
00
t2dt
' (14 - a) Vct 4+ b2 - ac ·
y
[See 212 for further reduction of last integral.]

Jutegrands involving Va r+2b T 2 +-c, (b 2 -ac< 0; 00 > y >O). 161
[The firstintegral on the right is elementary; see 212 for further reduction
of the last integral.]
279.03
I
l
279.50 o \JYV1+T4dr =!"" y
t4dt . -
(t4- 1)2Vt4- 1
= v F(cp. v212) + _1__ y VY4+ 1;

1_
2 2 2
\I d2,.. =! 1:{i~~1_
y 00
2
279.51 V1
= -~ tan -I [ VY~+~] + ~ ln [-t~~ !+~ ~-]}.
Byrd and Friedrnan, Elliptic Integrals. 11

Reduction ofTrigonometric Integrands
to Jacobian Elliptic Functions
Various elliptic integrals involving trigonometric integrands occur in
many geometrical and physical problems. In order to evaluate a variety
of these we again find it convenient to express them in terms of
integrals involving Jacobian elliptic functions.
An elliptic integral of the form
where R is a rational function, is reduced to J acobi' s form if it can be

expressed as
u,
L = JR
u,
1 (sn u, cn u, dn u) du,
where R 1 is also a rational function. This is accomplished by an appro-

priate transformation of the type
snu=/(ß), (u real)
yielding
Reduction oflntegrals in Legendre's Normal

Form to Jacobi's Form
sn 2 (u,k) -sn2 u=t 2 =sin 2 {}, cp=amu1 , O<cp<n/2,

Y = sn u 2 = sin tp 2 ,
y = sn u 1 = sin cp; R is any rational function.
Reduction of Integrals in Legendre's Normal Form to Jacobi's. 163
280.01
0
jv1-k 2sin 2 fJdfJ=
0
/V ;.!:..:!
1 2
dt= j~n2 udu =E(u
0
1) =E(cp,k).
f
~
d{}
(1- cx2 sin2 {}) }'1- k 2 sin2 {} =
f y
dt
(1 - cx2 t2) }'(1- t2) (1- k2 t2)
280.02 0 0
"•
d2u s =Il(cp,oc2,k).
=J 1-tXsnu
0
281.01
281.08
281.10 JVt-
~
R(sec2iJ)diJ
k 2 sin2D -
J
~·
R[1/(1-t2)]dt
}'(1 - t2) (1- k2 t2)
u,
=jR(nc2u)du.
0 0 0
11 *
164 Reduction of Trigonometrie Irrtegrands to Jacobian Elliptic Functions.
281.11
281.12
Table of Other Integrals.

As with the cases involving algebraic integrands, in the following 1
we fix one of the limits of integration and consider the other limit to
vary. (By splitting an integral into two, however, one may easily
evaluate integrals even when both limits are variable.)
Integrands involving VI+ n 2 sin 2 &, (n 2 > 0)
282.00 .
f V1+n
"'
dfJ .
2 sin 2 fJ •
u,
=k'{du=k'u1 =k'sn~ 1 (sin1p,k)=k'F(1p,k),
0 0 [cf. 160.02.]
282.01
282.02 !~--+-(nV1+~2_sin2 {} {}~ d

2 - cx2 n 2 - cx2) sin2{}
1
= k'Ju, _q u
--
cx2 sn 2 u
= k' II ( a2 k)
1- 1p, ' ·
o o [See 400.]
"'
282.03 JV1+n
0
s1n ßdß=k' Jnd udu.
~
2 2
0
2 [See 315.02.]
282.04 [See 318.05.]
282.05 [See 320.05.]
1 See 510 to 532 for additional integrals involving trigonometric integrands.

Jutegrands involving V1- n 2 sin2D, (n2 > 1). 165
282.06 [See 316.05.]
J-- - --
~ ~
282.07 -~ -~ ~- = k'J_ci~ ud_l!_

(1- ;.sin2D) V1 + n2 sin2D 1 - oc2 sn2 u '
0 l 0
[See appropriate case in 410 and 430.]

where IX 2 =IX~ k' 2 + k2.
282.08
[See 336.03.]
282.09 J ~
R (sin 2D)_ dD =
V1 +n2 sin 2D
u,
k'jR(k' 2 sd2 u) du,
0 0
where R (sin2 {}) is any rational function of sin 2 {}.
Integrands involving VI-n 2 sin2&, (n 2 >I)
sn 2u = n 2 sin 2 {}, k = 1jn, snu1 = sinß,

ß=amu1 =sin-1 [nsinqJ], nsinr;;;:;: 1.
J
~ u,
283.00 V1 - dD. __
n s1n2 D 2
= kfdu = k u1 = k sn-1 (sinß, k) = kF(ß, k),
0 0 [ cf. 162.02].
~ u,
283.01 J F.D~D -- =kjdn 2 udu =
1 - n sm D 2 2
kE(u1 ) = kE(ß, k).
0 0
J____
~ u,
283.02 dD _ _ _ c-= = kj--;~-2- = kiJ(ß, 1X2, k),
(1-ocisin 2D)V1-n2sin 2D 1-oc sn u
o o [See 410 and 430.]
where
283.03 JV1-
. n2 sin 2{} d{} =
IX2 =
k
~
1Xi/n2.
Jcn u du.2 [See 312.02.]

0 0
283.04 [See 310.05.]

166 Reduction of Trigonometrie Irrtegrands to J acobian Elliptic Functions.
283.05 [See 314.05.]
[See 318.05.]
283.07 JV "'
1 -:;::
2 :nso d#=kjcd 2 udu.
u,
[See 320.02.]
0 0
[See 313.05.]
283.09 oc2 = rx~fn2.
[See 410 and 430.]
283.10 J "'
R (sinBO) dO
V1-n2 sin2 0
u,
= kjR(k 2 sn 2 u) du,
0 0
where R(sin 2 #) is any rational function of sin 2 #.
V
Integrands involving (1- n~ sin2 &) (I-n: sin 2 &),
(I> n~ > >0) n:
k2 =
2 2
_ (1- n~) sin2 0 n l - n2
sn 2 u- --2-;-~i!:il,
1- n2 stn v 1- n~ '
"P = amftt = sin-I

• [ 1V~sinm]
• - .,.2 "' ' snu1 =sin'lfJ,
V1- n~ sin rp 2
"'
=gjdu=gu1
o =gsn-I(sin'lfJ,k)=gF('IfJ,k).
284.01 f"' dO
1- n~sin2 0
t-n~sin20
~=g
1-n22 sm u
-- f"' dn 2 udu=gEu 1
( )
( ) =gE'IfJ,k.
0 0
= g ll('lfJ, oc2, k). [See 400.]

Integrands involving Va2 sin 2D- b2, [a >b, n/2 > rp:;;;;; sin-1 (bfa)]. 167
284.03
!See 310.05.]
f __
tp . ------ ut
284.04 aD_ _ V1=ntsin2ft = {nd2udu [See 315.02.]

1-nisin2D 1-n~sin2ft g• ·
0 0
J
u,
284.05 = g cn 2mudu.
0 [See 312.05.]
~ ~
284.06 J sin2ftdft = _g_Jsd2udu.

(1- ni sin 2 &) v(1- ni sin 2Df(1- n~ sin2ft) 1- n~
0 0
[See 318.02.]
284.07
284.08
where R (cos 2 {}) is any rational function of cos 2 ß.
284.09 fV ~
R (sin2ft) dit • =
(1-n"sin 2D) (1-n2 sin2ft)
= gjR [
~
2sn2 u2 2
1-nz+n2sn u
l du'
0 1 2 0
where R(sin 2 {}) is any rational function of sin 2 ß.
Integrands involving Va 2 sin 2 & - b'i, [a > b, rt/2 > cp:;;;;;; sin-1 (b/a)]
az- b2
k2 = --(lz - , g = 1/a,
tp = am u1 = sin-1 [(cosrp)/k], sn u1 = sintp.
"'2
fv
u,
285.00 .dD . =gjdu=gu1 =gsn-1 (sintp,k)=gF(tp,k).
a 2 sm2 D- b2
~ 0
285.01 J
"'2
sin2 DdD _
-v==~cc- g dn u
a sm2 D- b 2
2
2 J u,
_
du- g E(u1 )
_
_ g E(tp, k).
~ 0
[See 400.]
where
285.03 [See 310.05.]
285.04 [See 361.02.]
285.05 JVa2 :n:/2

sin•m&d&
sin• & - b2
u,
=gfdn 2 mu du. [See 314.05.]
rp 0
JVa2sin2ß- b d {} J
:n:/2 u,
285.o6 2 = (a 2 - b2) g cn 2 u du. [See 312.02.]
rp 0
J
u,
(a2 _'!_ b2)m nc2mu du

0
cp =l= sin-1 (b/a). [See 313.05.]
285.08 [See 318.05.]
u,
285.09 =g(1-rf.i)mj(1-rf.2 sn 2 u)mdu,

o [See 331.03.]
where
:n:/2 u,
285.10 j~Jsir1~~)~& =g{R(dn 2 u) du,
rp
Va 2 sin2 & - b2 •
0
where R (sin 2 {}) is any rational function of sin 2 {}.

Irrtegrands involving Vcos 2aD, (O< aqJ ~ n/4). 169
Integrands involving Vcos 2 a &, ( 0 < a c.p ~ nf 4)
sn2u = 2sin 2 aß, k 2 = 1/2, g= 1/afi,

ß= am u 1 = sin -I [fi sin aß], sn u 1 = sin ß.
JV
'P u,
286.00 dD = gjdu = gu1 = gsn-1 (sinß, k) = gF(ß, k).
cos2aD
0 0
'P u,
286.01 f V af--c- dß =
c_os2
cos 2a D
gf dn 2 u du =g E(u1 ) = g E(ß, k) ·
0 0
f
'P ~
286.02 dD =j-_!u
2
_____
2
= gll(ß ' ~2 ' k) •
(1-2oc2 sin2 aD)Vcos2aD 1-oc sn u
o o [See 400.]
286.03 f
'P
sin2 maDdD =---
Vcos2aD
g
2m
f ~
sn 2m u d u. [See 310.05.]
0 0
JVCOs 2aßdß Jcn udu.

'P u,
286.04 = g 2 [See 312.02.]
0 0
286.05 [See 316.02.]
286.06 J 'P
dD
cos2 m a D Vcos 2a D
=
~
gjnd 2 "'udu. [See 315.05.]

0 0
286.07 [See 318.05.]
286.08 J'P dD =gju~c 2 "'udu, arp=f:n/4. [See313.05.]

(cos 2a D)m Vcos 2a D
0 0
286.09 'P Vcos 2;, D dß- fu, d2 d

f - cos2 a D - g c u u· [See 320.02.]
0 0
286.10 J ~
R(cos2 afJ) d{}=gfR(dn 2 u)du,

Vcos 2a {}
~
0 0
where R (cos a {}) is a rational function of cos 2 a {}.

2
JR(sin a~)
~ u,
286.11 2 d{}=gjR[(sn 2 u)/2Jdu.
Vcos 2a {}
0 0
Integrands involving V- cos 2a &, (Tt/2 > a cp 2; TC/4)

sn2u=2cos 2 a{}, k2 =1/2, g=1faV2,
"P = am u 1 = sin -l [ V2 cos a q;] , sn u 1 = sin "P.
f _
:nj2a u1
287.00 df} .. =gjdu=gu1 =gsn-1 (sin1jJ,k)=gF(1jJ,k).

V- cos2afJ
~ 0
f V-
:nj2a u1
287.01 ~in 2 afJ d{} = gfdn2 u du= g E(u1 ) = g E('lfJ, k).

cos 2afJ
~ 0
287.02
[See 400.]
287.03 f V-
:n~a
cos2maf}
cos 2aD
d{}- g
----
2m
f sn ~
2m u du
.
[See 310.05.]
~ 0
:nj2a u1
287.04 JV- cos 2a{}d{} = gf cn 2 u du. [See 312.02.]

~ 0
287.05 f
:nj2a
cos2 a {} df} . .
cos2a{}V-cos2a{}
ft d
=-2 n u u,
g
u1
2
aq; =f=n/4.
~ 0 [See 316.02.]
287.06 aq; + nf4.

[See 313.05.]
Integrands involving (sin 2a{}, (O< arpO::" n/2). 171
nj2a U1
287.07 J cot2a_{}d{}_ = _ff__Jsd2udu. [See 318.02.]

'P
V- cos 2a{} 2
0
J
:nj2a u1
287.08 d{} = gjnd 2 m ~t du. [See 315.05.]

sin 2 m a {}V- cos ia {}
'P 0
J-V- ----d{} = gJR [(sn u)

n~a ~
287.09 R(cos2a{}) 2 /
2] du,
cos 2a {}
'P 0
where R (cos 2 a {}) is any rational function of cos 2 a {}.
:n/2a u1
287.10 J R(sin 2 a{}) d{}=gjR(dn 2 u)du.

V-cos2a{}
'P 0
Integrands involving(sfn 2a{}, (0< acp ::::.n/2)
sn2u = - - -2sinaf}
-
1+cosaf}+sinaf}'
k2 = 1/2
'
g= v-
2/a
'
A=amu=sln-1
1
. V .
2sinatp
.
t+cosarp+smatp
, snu1 = sinA.
287.50 J 'P
d{}
Vsin 2a {}
u,
=gjdu=gu1 =gsn-1 (sinA,k)=gF(A,k) .
0 0
J J
'P u,
(t+cosa{})d{}
287.51 g dn 2 u du =gE(u1 )=gE(A, k).
(1 +cos af}+sin a{}) Vsin 2a {}
0 0
287.52 J
'P
('i + cos a {} + sin a {}) d{}
[1 +cos a{}+ (1-2cxi} sinaf}JVsin2af}
J u,
g 1-cx~sn u
du
2 gll(A,rxLk).
0 0 [See 400.]
'P ~
287.53 J (t+cosa{}-sina{})d {} =gjcn 2 udu. [See 312.02.]

(1 + cos a {} + sin a {}) Vsin 2a {}
0 0
287.54 J
'P
sina{}d{}
------==~=- g
2
(1 + cos a {} + sin a {}) Vsin 2a {}
J ~
sn 2 udu. [See 310.02.]

0 0
172 Reduction of Trigonometrie Integrands to Jacobian Elliptic Functions.
287.55 J tp
sin a {} d{}
(1 + cos a {}- sin a {}) Vsin 2a {}
={jtn2 udu,
u,
a tp =t= :rr/2 .
0 0
[See 316.02.]
287.56 J tp
(1+cosa{})d{}
= g J
u,
dc 2 udu, a tp =t= :rr/2.
l
(1 + cos a {}- sin a {}) Vsin 2a {}
0 0
[See 321.02.]
tp u,
sina{}t]~ =2gk2Jsn2 udu-2k' 2 gF(A,k) +
287.57 J Vsin 2a {}
0 0
+ [Cll(A, a 2, k) + Cll(A, a 2, k)] g, [See 310,02 and 400.]
where
rp ul ut
287 _58 JR (sin a f!J_ d{} = jR [ 4 sn2 u dn2 u ]du= jR[ 2 sn2 u dn2 u ]du,
Vsin2a{} g 4dn 4 u+sn 4 u g 1 + cn4u
0 0 0
where R (sin a {}) is a rational function of sin a {}.
Integrandsinvolving Va+bsin &, (a > b > 0)
1- sin{} 2
sn 2 U = - -2- - - , g=----
Va+b'
1::
" = am u 1 = s1n
• -11V{1=Sincp
- - 2---, snu1 =sin/;,
:rr/2 > tp ~- :rr/2.
"'2 u,
288.00 J-V-~- = gjdu = g u1 = g sn -I (sin /;, k) = g F(!;, k).
tp
a + b sm{} 0
"'2
1JVa + + b) g Jdn 2 udu =
u,
288.01 bsin{}d{} = (a (a + b) g E(u1)
(a + b) g E(!;, k).
tp 0
=
288.02
* ---
J-- _d{}_-=-~- = JLj
~
d2u
tp
(2- a2 + a2 sin {}) Va + b sin {} 2
0
1 - rJ. sn
2
u =_ff__ll(!;,a2,k).
2
[See 400.]
Integrands involving v~+-b sin ri, (b >I aj >O)o 173
J :n/2 u1
288006 1 + sinfJ_ d {} = 2gfcn2 u du o [See 3120020]

Va+bsinf!.
~ 0
J +(n(2 u1
288o07 1 -sinf})d& =gjtn 2 udu,rp=f=-n/2 o [See316o02°]
lJ
(1 sin f!.) Va + b sin fJ. 0
~
n/2 u1 u1 u1
tan2 & d& g 2 2 2 2
----====--- Jns unc udu- gjnc udu+gjtn udu,
288o08 Va + b sin& 4 0 0
~ 0
tp =f=- n/2° [See 36l.l0, 313002, 3160020]
288o09 J
n/2
R (sinD) d&
- = c = · =g R(1- 2sn 2 u) du,
J u,_
Va+ bsin& 0
~
where R (sin {}) is a rational function of sin {}0
Integrands invol ving Va +bsTn&, (b > Ia I> 0)

b(1- sin &) ,
sn 2 u=-a+b--- k2 = _c:_2+b!J_' g= Vlb-' snu1 = sin 1p,
"P = amu1 = sin-1

b ( 1 - sin <p)
----;-+~>-,
0 n
2 >rp :;:;;:- sm
° _ 1 (
ba )' o
J j" du =
n/2 u,
288o50 ·- dtf = g g u1 = g sn -I (sm 1p, k) = g F(1p, k)

0
+ b sin tf
0
Va
~ 0
J_0_++~n J
n/2 u1
288o51 tf) d& = 2g dn 2 u du= 2g E(u1 ) = 2g E(1p, k) 0

Va b sin &
~ 0
l
174 Reduction of Trigonometrie Irrtegrands to Jacobian Elliptic Functions.
! I
:n/2 "'
d{} g du
288.52 (a + b- ~· b + ~· b sin {}) Va + b sin {} = ~+b 1=-~2-sn• u
= _g_IJ(1p, rx 2 , k). [See 400.]
a+b
u,
JVa + bsin{}d{} + b) g J cn
:n/2
288.53 = (a 2 udu. [See 312,02.]
~ 0
[See 331.03.]
J--== =4k g J
:n/2 u,
cos 2 {} d{}
288.55 2 sn 2 udn 2 udu. [See 361.02.]
~
Va + b sinf}
0
288.56 J(a +
n/2
bsin{})m
d{}
Va + b sinf} =
g
(a+b)m J 2m u
u1
nc d u, cp =I= sm a) .
· -1 ( -b
~ 0 [See 313.05.)
:n/2 u,
288.57 J _(l - sinff) d{}__ = 2k 2 g J sn 2 u du. [See 310.02.]
~
Va +b sin {}
0
j•Va+
:n/2 u1 u1 U1
tan 2 {} d{}
288.58
b sin {}
4~.Jns2 und 2 udu-gJ nd2 udu+gk 2 Jsd 2 udu.
~ 0 0
[See 361.ll, 315.02, 318.02.)
288.59 J
:n/2
R (sin {}~ = g
Va+ b sin {}
J u,
R (1 - 2k 2 sn 2 u) du,
~ 0
where R (sin {}) is any rational function of sin {}.
Irrtegrands involving Va + b cos {}, (a> b > 0)

2
g = v~+-=-b,
ß= amu 1 = cp/2, snu1 = sinß, 0< cpS::, ;rr;.
~ u,
289.00 J d{} =gjdu=gu1 =gsn-1 (sinß,k)=gF(ß,k).
0
Va + bcos{}
0
Integrands involving Va+bcos&, (b >laj >O). 175
289.01 ( /Va + b cos{}d{} = (a + b) gjdn 2 11 dzt = (a + b) g E(11 1)

= (a + b) g E(ß, k).
0 0
289.02
289.03 [See 331.03.]
289.04 J 'P
sin 2 {}d{}. =4gjsn 2 Hcn 2 Hdtl.

Va+bcos{}
u,
[See 361.0 I.]
0 0
f + J
'P u,
289.05
(a
d{}
b cos {})m Va + b cos {}
(a-.f.t;pn nd2 m 1l d tl. [See 315.05. J
0 0
289.06 J 'P
1+cos{} dfJ=2gjcn 2 1ld1l.
Va+bcos{}
u,
[See 312.02.]
0 0
289.07 J(1+ 'P

(i-cos{})d{}
cos{}) Va + b cos{}
=gjtn 2 tldtl,
~
rp=f=n. [See316.02.]
0 0
If
{ 'P
cot2{} d{}
0 Va+bcos{}
289.08 ~
I = { Jns 11 nc 11 d 11 - gJnc 11 d 11 + gJtn 11 d 11,

u,
2 2
u,
2
u,
2 rp =f= n.
0 0 0
t [See 361.10, 313.02, 316.02.]
289.09 J 'P
Va
R (cos{}) d{}
+ b cos{}
u,
= gfR(1- 2sn 2 H) dti,
0 0
where R(cosfJ) is any rational function of cosfJ.
lntegrands involving Va + b cosß, (b >I aI> 0)

b(1-cos{})
sn 2 11 = - ---- a+b
k2 = - -- g= v2
- . ~
sn111 = s1n
a +b ' 2b ' b ' '
~ = am111 = sin-1 1 /b(1 -

v- cosq:>),
a+b
0< rp:;;;;, cos-1 (-afb).
J--=-
'P u,
290.00 d{} - - - = gjd11 = g 111 = g sn - 1 (sin ~. k) = g F(~, k).
Va+ bcos{}
0 0
.J
176 Reduction of rigTonomctric Irrtegrands to Jacobian Elliptic Functions.
290 . 01 + cos&) df}

(1
---=-==---c- = 2g
Va+ b cos{}
J ~
dn 2 u du= 2g E(ui) = 2g E(~, k).

0 0
290.03
.
JVa + b cos{} d {} = (a + b) gJcn u du.
~
2 [See 312.02.]
0 0
.
[See 331.03.]
290.05 JVa+ bcosttsin2{}d{}

..... J ~
=4k2 g sn 2 udn 2 udu. [See 361.02.]

0 0
• u,
290.07 J~os&) df}_ = 2k 2 g {sn2 u du. [See 31 O.OZ.]
0
va+bcos{} .
0
290.08 f
ffJ
cot• f} d f}
--=====-=-c=
. Va+bcost1
fU1
J U1
=--g 2 ns 2 un d2 u d u- g n d2 u d u + g k2J sd2 u d u .

4k.
U1
0 0 0 0
[See 361.11, 315.02, 318.02.]
290.09 JVci+bcos-idtt _
•
R (cos&)
-g
jR (1 - 2 k sn u du,
u,
2 2 )
0 0
where R (cos ß) is any rational integral function of sin ß.
Irrtegrands involving Va- b cos {}, (a > b > 0)
b(1- cos {}) 2

sn 2 u = - ·-- -·-- ,
k2 (a- b cos &) g= Va+-b'
A = am ui = sin -I v~~ll-~-:::?~f, sn ui = sin A, 0 < rp;;;;; n.
__c_d_f!===- = J
J·vc_a-b
• u,
291.00 g du = g ui = g sn -I (sin A, k) = g F(A, k).

cost1
0 0
Irrtegrands involving v;=bC~sß:, (a >b >O). 177
J
<p u,
291.0! d1} .-Ljdn2 udu=-LE(u1)=-_i__E(A, k).

(a-bcos1})Va-b;;o s1} a-b a-b a-b
0 0
u,
f
<p
291.02 1f
0
Va- b cos~
1+ P cos 1}
d{} = ~~
1+p g
0
dH
1 - a;2 sn2 H
_ _a_=_b__
- 1 +p g
II A a 2 k
( ' ' )'
[a 2 =ak 2 P/b(1+p), P=!=-1]. [See400.]
291.03 [See 340.01.]
<p ~
291.04 J~·l!!!!__=4g a-b Jsd 2 ucd 2 udu. [See 361.27.]

Va-bcos1} a+b
0 0
JVa- bcos{}d{} =(a-b) g Jnd udu.

<p ~
291.05 2 [See 315.02.]

0 0
<p ~
(1-cos1})d1} -=ß~jsn2udu. [See 310.02.]

291.06 J
(a-b cos 1}) Va- b cos 1} b
0 0
rj"'-tan 1}d1} 4(a-

2 b)g
I ----·-- ----- X
Va- b cos1} - (a + b) <Xt
291.07 1°x r-F(A, k)+(2- r~.~)II(A,a~, k)-J_'_( u
(l - 2 a;i) 2du)2 1, [See 400.]
1-a;1 sn u
0
where ai = ak fb. 2
where R (cos {}) is a rational function of cos {}.

178 Reduction of Trigonometrie Integrands to J acobian Elliptic Functions.
Integrands involving Vb sin {} + c cos {}

sn 2 u = 1 - -b sin {} - c_ cos {} k2 = _1
p p ' 2 '
292.00 J'P'_ _df!_____ = gj~~u = gu1 = gsn-1 (sinF, k) = gF(T, k).

Vbsin &+c c;-s-ff.
qJ 0
292.01
[See 310.02.]
Jcn udu.
~ ~
292.04 JVb-SinfF+ccos-{} d{}=gP 2 [See 312.02.]

qJ 0
Jcn udu- Vzpc__L Jsnudnudu.

fPt ul ut
292.05 fvb"'~i~~~:c~-{J= gpb 2
qJ 0 0
[See 312.02, 360.02.]
292.06 J
lJI1
cos#d{}
VbsinO+~cos"i='p
gcf cn
tt1
2
u
d Vigb
u+-p--.
f U1
d d
snu nu u.
qJ 0 0
[See 312.02, 360.02.]
rf<p 1
csin&-bcos& t'v-ru,
d{}=-gP 2. snudnudu=gP 2cnuj 0
v-
292 .o7 l
1
qJ
--- ---
Vbsin & + c cüSn o
l = - gP y2 + g V2 PVb sin <p + c cüs <p.
Irrtegrands involving Va + b sinD+ ccos {}, (O< IaI< VZ,2+ c2). 1 79
292.08 JVb~R(cosß)
'Pt
dß
sin D + c cos D
U1
= gjR[-1- (ccn 2 u
P
+ b ßsnudnu)] du,
~ 0
where R (cos 1}) is a rational function of cos 1}.
Integrands involving Va + b sin 1} + c cos 1}, ( 0 < Ia I< Vb + c 2 2)
sn 2 u = --1- r"' - b sin 1} - c cos 1}] g= v~p2= ' k2 = a+ t

a+P LI:' ' 2P ,
P=Vb2+c 2 , y=amu1 =sin-1 Va~:p(P-bsin<p-ccos<p),

<p1 = sin - 1 (bjp) = cos-1 (cjp); <p1 - cos-1 ( - ajp) :;;;, <p < <p1 .
fv a+bsmD+ccosD
fPt ut
293.00 dß ·=gjdu=gu =gsn- (siny,k)=gF(y,k). 1 1
~ 0
293.01
I V~+ b sin 1} + c cos1} d1} = I

~ ~
293.03 (a + p) g cn 2 u du. [See 312.02.]

~ 0
~ ~
293.04 J(bcosß-csinß)2dß =2P(a+p)gjsn2udn2udu. [See361.02.]

~
Va
+ b sinD + c cos D
0
!~,--==--
Va b
si~~d}!__
+ c sinD + cos D
- = ~~g2-l- ab F(y, k) + b (a + p)ju~n 2 u du-
P
293.05 ~ 0
-cV2p(a+P)i~nusnudul [See312.02, 360.02.]
12*
180 Reduction of Trigonometrie Integrands to Jacobian Elliptic Functions.
'Pt
r
f Vll
R (cosD) dD
+ b sinD+ c cosD
293.061"'
=gf~
u
[- ac + c(a + p) cn2 u ~b lf2P(~pj dnusnu] du,
f Va
'Pt
R (sinD) dD
+ b sinD+ c cosD
293.07 'P
f
ut
= g R [-ab+ b(a + p) cn2 u;; c Vzp(a + p) dnu__sn u] du,
0
where R (sin {}) is a rational function of sin {}.
lntegrands involving Va+bsin{}+ccos{}, (a>Vb 2 + c2 >0)
sn 2 u = ~- [p- b sin{}- c cos{}J, k2 = ___'!_t__, g= _2 ,

zp a+p Va+p
p= Vb 2 + c2 , 'lfJ = am u1 = sin -l Vp (p ~b
2
1 sin T - c cos T),
Tl= sin -l (bfp) = cos-1 (cfp); T1 - :n: ~ T < T1 ·
lf't "1
294.00 f Va
'P
dD
+ b sinD+ ccosD
___ =gjdu=gu1 =gsn-1 (sin'lfJ,k)=gF('IfJ,k).
0
294.01 JJ"'va + b sin{} + c cos{}d{} = g(a + p)/dn u 2
1 = g(a + p) E(u1 ) = g(a + p) E('lfJ, k).
f
'Pt
_____ d_D________
[2p- rx2 p+ rx2 (b sinD+ c cosD)] V/l + b sinD+ c cosD
294.02 'P
ut
-- _f_f~~--
zp _ß__JI('IfJ
sn u - zp '
1-rx2 2
IX.2
' k) . [See 400.}
0
Integrands involving Va+bsin&+ccos&~ (a >Vb2+c2 >o). 181
294.03 f
~
·u·= 4 g
(bcos&- csin&)2 d-'l p2jsn ucn u d u.
~
2 2
[See 361.0 I.]
~
+ +
Va b sin & c sin & 0
f
~ ~
294.04 (p+bsin&+ccos &) d-·u·=

0 2 g Pjcn 2 u d u. [See 312.02.]
l
Va+bsin&+cco s& 0
~
f
~
(bcos&-csin&)d & = - 2pg snucnudu f ~
294.05 Va + b sin& + c cos& 0

~
= - 2 [Va + P - Va + b sin tp + ccos tp ].

294.06 f
~1
R (cos&) d&
Va+ bsin& + ccos&
J u,
g R [ c(a+P)dn2u- ~~psnucnu- ac ]du,
~ 0
f
fP1 U1
R (sin&) d&=gjR[b(a+P) dn 2u+2:psnucnu -ab ]du,

294.07
Va+bsin&+ccos & P
~ 0
where R (sin {}) is a rational function of sin {}.

Reduction of HyperhoHe Integrands
to Jacobian Elliptic Functions.
In addition to the algebraic or trigonometric forms given in the
foregoing sections, elliptic integrals encountered in practical problems
may also involve hyperbolic integrands. The reduction of some im-
portan t cases follows 1 :
JV . J
<p tn-•(sinh<p,k)
295.00 d{} ... = du=tn-1 (sinh<p,k)=F[sin-1 (tanh<p),k].

1+k' 2 sinh2{}
o o [O<<p<oo.J
295.01 JV1 <p
R(sinll.{})d{}_=
+ k' 2 sinh2{}
tn- 1 (sinh <p, k)
[
.
R(tnu)du. [0< <p< 00 .]
0 0
J
<p nc- 1 (cosh<p,k)
295.10 !~~~=-
Vk2+k'2cosh2{}
= du= nc-1 (cosh<p, k) =F [sin - 1 (tanh<p), k J.
o o [O<<p<oo.]
295.11 JV <p
R(cosh{})d{}_ =
k2 + k' 2 cosh2{}
J
nc-•(cosh <p, k)
R(ncu)du. [0< <p< 00 .]
0 0
J J
<p nd- 1 (cosh<p,k)
295.20 --cc· d{}:cc-c= = du= nd -1(cosh <p, k) =F[sin -1(tanhrp), k].

v1-k'2cosh2{} k
0 0
[O<<p< cosh-1(1/k').]
295.21 JV <p
R (cosh{}) d{} =
1- k' 2 cosh 2{}
J
nd- 1 (cosh <p, k)
R(ndu) du. [0< <p< cosh-1 (1/k') .]
0 0
J
oo
J
ns-•(cosh <p, k)
295.30 _----cc-;j;c{} __ = du = ns -1(cosh <p, k) = F [sin - 1 (sech <p), k].

(cüsh2 {}- k2
'P 0 [0.]
J J
oo cs- 1 ( sinh <p, k)
295.40 d{} _ _= du=cs-1(sinh<p,k)=F[sin-1(sech<p),k].

Vsinh 2 {}+k' 2
"' o [O.]
1 In these, k'2=1-k2; O<k<L See 525 for other integrals.
Integrands involving Vcosh 2ait, (O< aq:>< =). 183
Integrands involving Vcosh2aß, (0< acp< oo)
2 cosh2ait-1 k2 = 1/ 2 , g= 1/ay-
2,
sn u = cosh2 afJ. -- '
1: • _ 1 Vcosh2a 97 -1
" = am u 1 = s1n - - - - - , snu1 = sin~.
cosh 2aq:>
<p u,
296.00 J-Vcosh
_!_it- =
2ait
gjdu = gu1 = gsn-1 (sin~, k) = gF(~, k).
0 0
296.01
<p
(1+cosh2ait)dit
J - . --------==-------=- = 2g
cosh 2ait Vcosh 2a it
Jd ~
n 2 u du = 2g E(u1 ) = 2g E(~, k).

0 0
<p ~
296.02 J Vcosh2aitdit. = J--dtt: _ = JI(~ IX2 k)

cx2 +(t-cx2)cosh2ait g 1-cx2 sn2 u g '' ·
o o [See 400.]
JVcosh 2aß dß = gJ nc udu.

<p u,
296.03 2 [See 313.02.]
0 0
296.04 J <p
dit
coshm 2ait Vcosh 2ait
= g Jcn 2 mudu.
u,
[See 312.05.]
0 0
296.05 J 'P
tanh2 2ait
v_-=c-dß
cosh 2ait
= 2g J u,
sn 2 udn 2 udu. [See 361.02.]

0 0
296.06 J 'P
_j<:~h2ait_-=_.;J!&. = g Jsn2udu.
cosh 2ait Vcosh 2ait
u,
[See 310.02.]
0 0
J <p
Jt u,
l
296.07 - 2g
Vsinh22ait dß- n 2 u d c2 u d u. [See 361.15.]
cosh 2ait
0 0
V Jtn u dc u du
<p u,
296.08 o
JVcosh2ait d ß
• sinh 2ait
=
-
g 2
o
= -
a
1
[ nc u1 - 1]
= : rvcosh 2acp- 1].

'P u,
296.09 J~cosha~)dit =gjR(dcu)du,
Vcosh 2ait
0 0
where R (cosh aß) is a rational function of cosh a {)

184 Reduction of Hyperbolic Integrands to Jacobian Elliptic Functionso
Integrands involving Vsinh 2 a {}, ( 0 < a cp < =)
1- sinh 2a {}
cnu = - - . . k2 = 1/2, g = 1/2a,
1 + sinh 2 a {} '
1p = am u1 = cos
_1 [1- 1
sinh2at:pl
+ si11h-2a t:p ' cnu1 = cos1p
JVsin:~a J
tp u,
296o50 {}. = g du = g u1 = g cn - 1(cos 1p, k) = g F(1p, k) 0
0 0
296051 f
tp
cosh2 2a {} d{}
(1 + sinh 2a {}) 2 Vsinh 2a {}
= g
f ~
dn 2 u du= g E(u1 ) = g E(1p, k) 0
0 0
tp u,
296053 jVsinh 2a {} d {} = gj-1 - cn!'.. du [See 361.530]
1 + cnu 0
0 0
296o54 J'PYSillh2~d{} = Lju~n2uduo [See 310.020]

(1+sinh2a{}) 2 4
0 0
296.55 f (
tp
1- sinh 2a {}) 2 d{}
----'-----c-'-:-===- = g f ~
cn 2 u du 0 [See 312.020]
(1 + sinh 2a {}) 2 Vsinh 2a {}
0 0
296.56 f
tp
cosh2a{} d·u
·u = 2g f~
dnudu snu
=2g - 1
-1- = - smh 2acpo V 0
Vsinh2a{} 1+cnu 1+cnu1 a

0 0
f gfR [1- cn u_l du,

tp u,
296 .57 R (sinh2a {}) d{} =
Vsinh 2a {} 1 + cn u
0 0
where R (sinh 2 a {}) 1s a rational function of sinh 2 a {}.

Irrtegrands involving Vbcoshit-a, (b >a >O; oo >cp >O). 185
Integrands involving Vb cosh # - a, ( b > a > 0; oo > rp > 0)
b(coshcp-1) ..
~ = amu1 = sin-1 b h
cos tp- a
, sn u 1 = sm ~.
<p "•
297.00 J~-_df!__ __ =gjdu = g u 1 = gsn-1 (sin~, k) = gF(~, k).
l
Vbcoshft- a
0 0
I
<p
(coshit + 1) dit "•
= ~~dn
b-a
2 udu= 2"CE(u1)
b-a
297.01 (b coshft- a) Vb coshft- a
0
2g )
=-b -E(~,k.
-a
f
<p ~
297.02 Vbcüs~ d#=gj d2u =gll(~,rfY,k).

rx2 b- a + b (1 - rx2) cosh 1t 1 - rx sn u
2
o o [See 400.]
f
<p u,
297.03 coshitdft = gJ [nc 2 u - (a)t

- n2 u Ja u.
Vb cosh 1t - a b
o o [See 313.02 and 316.02.]
297.04 1!"'
0
sinhft_!'!__
Vbcosh6=-a
= 2Vb=aj"'snudil_tt_du= 2Vb-d [ncUt- 1]
b
0
cn 2 u
=! [Vbcoshrp-a-Vb-a].
,-----
b
<p ~
297.05 JVb cosh#- a d# = (b- a) gJ nc 2 u du. [See 313.02.]

0 0
<p ~
297.06 J dft = _f__Jcn 2 mudu. [See 312.05.]

(bcoshft-a)m Vb coshft- a (b -a)m
0 0
<p "•
297.07 f R(cos~it) dft_ = gfR [ b- a ~n2 tt..] du'
Vb cosh 1t- a b cn u
0 0
where R (cosh #) is a rational function of cosh #.

186 Reduction of Hyperbolic Integrands to Jacobian Elliptic Functionso
Jutegrands involving (ci+ b-cosh.ß, (0 < (/J < =, a > b > 0)
"P = am u1 = sm
0
_ 1 ~~zo~h.-(p
-- - --
cosh (/>
=-1
+1 = sm -1 [ tanh (-(/> )]
°
2
0
J-:;yc-+__df!=--=-
(/J Ht
297.25
ya b cosh 1}
= gJdu = g tt1 = g sn -1 [tanh ($),
2
k] = g F(1p, k) 0
0 0
rJ> --------- ul
297.26 JV:o~hbJ~~f} d{}= lia+bJ dn 2 udu=Va+bE(u1 )= (a+6E(1fJ,k)o

0 0
Jtanh
(/) u,
2
297.28 m(~e)_ii_D = gJ sn 2 muduo [See 310.020]
Va + b coshf}
0 0
JVa + b cosh {} d {} + b) g J dc 2 u du
(/) ~
297.29 = (a 0 [See 321.020]

0 0
297.30 [See 312.050]
297.31 Jv~+b~~hß. du=

(/)
(cosh 1}- 1)m _Q
2
m J
g tn
~
2m
uduo [See 316.050]
0 0
297.33 J
(/)
cosh 1} df}
Va+b~oshif = g
J[ u,
2
nc u-r- n u
0 t 2 Jd
Uo
o o [See 313.02 and 316.020]
where R (cosh {}) is a rational function of cosh {}0

Irrtegrands involving V~-b-co8h-O:; [a >b >o; 0<<1><cosh-1 (afb)]. 187
Integrands involving fa- b cosh ß, [a > b > 0; 0< @< cosh- 1 (a/b)]
sn2u= a-ab~o;!_&' k 2 =-:-~:, g=y~~-z;' @1 =cosh- 1 (:),
'tjJ = am ul = sin - 1 v~-=bc()~~' sn u1 = sin 'tjJ.

a-b
fv a-b
<P1 U1
297.50 d& - =gj du= gu1 = g sn- 1(sin'lfJ,k) = gF('tfJ, k).

cosh{}
@ 0
J + - dß
@ u
(1 cosh{}) = 2 v~ +1 Jldn2 u d u
297.51@ Va-bcosh{}
l
b
\ o
_ 2Va+b
- b
E( ul ) -_ 2V~+1
b
E('tfJ, k) .
297.53 l @,
sinh{}d{}
!v~-=bcoshD =
2Va- b
--·
b-- Jcnudnud u
= 2Va-b
b
..
sn u 1 = b2 1~
u,
Va - b cos
h<P .
l/JJ U1
297.54 JVa- bcoshß dß =(a-b) gJ sn 2 udu. [See 310.02.]

@ 0
j Va-bcosh{}
~ ~
297.55 (cosh{}~- 1)--c-dß= a-b gjcn 2 udu. [See 312.02.]
b
$ 0
[See 331.03.]
where IX 2 = (a- b)/a.

188 Reduction of Hyperbolic Irrtegrands to Jacobian Elliptic Functions.
297.58 [See 315.05.]
J
4\ 'Ul
297.59 _!!jcoshfJ-)tif} = gjR [a + (b=b~s~2_~] du,

Va-bcoshf}
$ 0
where R (cosh {}) is a rational function of cosh {},
Integrands involving Vb cosh {}- a, [ a > b > 0,

cosh-1 (a/b) < ifJ < oo]
b coshf}- a ___l._b_
sn 2 u = ---- - - - k2 2 m h a)
+b
-_ 1(
b(coshf}-1)' a ' g = v~+b' '~-'I = COS - b '
E = am u1 = sin -1 1(b__<:o~h <P_:- a_ sn u 1 = sm E,
V b(cosh<P-1)'
J__
$ u,
297.75
vb d!_ __ = gjdu =
$,
cosh{}- a
0
g u1 = g sn -1 (sin E, k) = g F(c:, k).
@ u,
J_coth2 (f}j 2)~{}- = Ljdn

Vb-cosh{}-
2 udu= _g_ E(u 1 )
297.76 - - -a
.J
k'2 k'2
= J-E(c: k)
k'2 ' .
@, 0
297.77 Vb <:_oshf}:- a_ d{} = g bjsn2 u du. [See 310.02.]

coshf} -1
~ 0
J
@
J ~
05
.
297.78 d{} bmg 2m d
(coshD-1)mVbcosh1J- a = (a-b)m cn u u. [See 312 . .]
@, 0
J
~
297.79 Vbcosh{} =--;; d{) =(a-b) gjtn 2 udu. [See 316.02.]

@, 0
297.80
1J
@ sinhf} df}
297.81 Vbcosh{}- a
<P,
= ! Vb cosh{}- a.
Integrands involving Va+bsinh-&, [-sinh-1 (a/b)<<P<oo; a >O, b >O]. 189
297 _82 f Vb <1>

R (coshß) dß
cosh D-a
= gfR [ a +(a-b) tn2 ul du,
"•
b
, 0
where R (cosh ß) is a rational function of cosh {},
Irrtegrands involving + b sinh {}, Va

[- sinh- (ajb) < c]J < oo; a > 0, b > 0].
1
Va 2 + [;2 - a - b sinh & 2 _ a + Va2 + b2 1

cnu= Va2+-b~+a+bsinhß-, k --;ya +b 2 2 ' g= Va2+b2 '
2
e = amu1 = cos -l[Va +bi.-a-bsinh<PJ., ci\ = - sinh-1 (a)
b~- ,
Va2 + b2 + a + b sinh u,
_d_&_ _ =gjdu = gu1 = gcn-1 (cos s, k) = gF(s, k).
I
298.00
Va + bsinh &
, 0
298.01
f
<Pt
 cosh2&d&
[Va 2 + b2 + a + b sinh&] 2Va + b sinh f}
= _g_~"~n 2 udu
b2
0
= -} E(u1 ) = ~ E(s, k).
f Va + b sinh {} d{} = Va + b J_1__:::-+ cncnuudu.

<1> ~
298.02 2 2 [See 361.53.]

1
0
298.03
I!
298.04
!
<1> ~
cosh&d& ~ = 2 Va 2 + bZ g -~ du
298.05 Va + bsinh& --b- 1 + cnu
2 Va_
__ _ 2 b2
_ + g- u 1 - _- -
sn - 2 a V + b sm. h w. ,m
b 1 + cnu 1 b
~~{}~ = gf~[V~- a- (V~2 + a) cnu 1du,

<1> "
298.06
Va+bsinh& b(1+cnu)
, 0
where R (sinh {}) isarational function of sinh {},

190 Reduction of Hyperbolic Integrands to Jacobian Elliptic Functions.
Integrands involving Va sinh {} + b cosh {}, (b > a> 0; tf> < tf> <oo)
1
299.00 fV q, d{} fu,

=g du=gu 1 =gcn 1 (coss,k) =gF(s,k).
-
a sinh {} +b cosh {}
q,, 0
JVa sinh {} + b cosh {} d{} Jnc u du.

r[J ~
299.02 = g Vb 2 - a 2 2 [See 313.02.]

~ 0
u,
J(asinh&-tbco~h{})~{}V~sinhß.+b~o= V(b2~a2)m
r[J
299.03
Jcn 2 mudu.
q,, 0
[See 312.05.]
r[J ---- ~
299.04 f ~~~{}±bco~~=
Va sinh f} + b cosh &
a2)dfi =gvb2- a2ftn2udu.
~ 0
[See 316.02.]
299.05
299.06 f
•
R (sinhfi) d{}
Va sinh {} + b cosh {}
u
= gf'R [ bV2tnudcu- anc2u du,
Vb2 - a2
l
~ 0
where R (sinh {}) is a rational function of sinh {}.
299 _07 f tP
R_ (cosh~) d{}
Va sinh {} + b cosh {}
d{}
ut
= gfR [ bnc2 u- a V2tn udcul du,
Vb2-
~
a2
~ 0
where R (cosh {}) is a rational function of cosh {},

Table of Integrals
of Jacobian Elliptic Functions.
In the foregoing sections, where elliptic integrals having diverse
algebraic, trigonometric, and hyperbolic integrands were reduced to those
involving elliptic functions, it is seen that certain standard integrals
constantly recur. The following tables of integrals 1 give explicit eva-
luation to those J acobian normal forms, to which specific reference was
made in each formula of Item Nos. 200-299.
Recurrence Formulas for the Integrals of the

Twelve Jacobian Elliptic Functions.
Integrals of odd powers of the twelve Jacobian functions, it is to
be noted, are expressible solely in terms of J acobian elliptic functions
and more elementary functions, while the evaluation of integrals of
even powers requires in addition the two functions E(u) and u.
A =f---tmd_t____-_·--
m Vci.-- t2f(t _: kit2)
=! f1=-k2-sin2q;
sinmrpdrp_ =fsnmudu
[t = sin rp = sn u J.
310.00 A0 = J du= u = F(rp, k), [rp=amu].
310.01 A 1 = J sn udu =+ln (dnu- kcnu) = - -1 cosh-1 [(dn u)jk'].
310.02 [E(u) = E(rp, k)].
310.03 A 3 =Jsn 3 udu =-1- 3 [kcnudnu

2k
+ (1 + k 2) ln (dnu- kcnu)J.
1 With all the following indefinite integrals, the constant of integration is tobe
understood. Moreover, for brevity we write E (u) for E (am u, k).
192 Table of Integrals of Jacobian Elliptic Functionso
A 4 = Jsn 4 udu=- 3 ~ 4 [(2+k 2 )u-2(1+k 2)E(u)+

310.04 {
+ k 2 sn u en u dn u] 0
310.05 A 2 + 2 = ~~m- 1 :'_(;~14 dn u_+ 2j1j(1 + k 2) A 2m +(1-2m) A 2m_ 2

m (2m+1)k 2 •
A sn 2 m u cn u dn u +(2m+ 1) (1 + k 2) A 2m+l- 2mA 2m_ 1

310.06 2 m+3 = 2(m +1) k 2
311.00 B 0 = Jdu=u=F(rp,k), [rp=amu].
311.01 B 1 =Jnsudu =J ~ ln [ ---8~-u- ] .

snu
=
cnu + dnu
311.02 B 2 = J ns 2 udu = u- E(u)- dnu esu, [E(u) = E(rp, k)].
311.03 B 3 = Jns 3 u du= 1 - [(1 + k 2 ) ln (~u~-) -es u dn u nsu].

2 cnu+dnu
B 4 =Jns4udu
311.04 {
= i [(2 + k2 ) u- 2 (1 + k2 ) E(u) - dn u es u (ns 2 u + 2 + 2k 2 )] 0
311.05
311.06
C =-J tmdt =!.....5-_osmrpdrp---c-=Jnmudu

m V(1-t2)(k'2+k2.t2) y1....::._k2sin2~ e ,
[t = eos rp = en u] .
312.00 C0 = J du= u = F(rp, k), [rp = amu] 0
312.01 C1 = J enudu = [eos-1 (dnu)J/k = [sin-1 (ksnu)Jjk.

Integrals of the Twelve ] acobian Elliptic Functions. 193
[E(u) = E(cp, k)].
J
312.03 Ca= cnau du= 2 ~ 3 [(2k 2 - 1) sin-1 (k sn u) + k snu dn u].
(
c4 = Jcn udu 4
312.04- 1
= 3k4 [(2- 3k2) k' 2 u + 2(2k 2 -1) E(u) +k 2 snucnudnu].
312.05 c2m+2 = 2m(2k 2 -1) C2m_+ {2m-1) k' 2 C2 m_ 2_+._s_n_u_d_n_u_cn_2_m_-_r_u

(2m+ 1) k2
D
m
=j V(t 2 -
tmdt
1) (k 2 + k' 2 t 2 )
=j drp
cosm q; F k 2 sin2q;
=jncmudu,
[t = 1/cosq; = nc u].
313.00 D 0 = Jdu=u=F(cp,k), [cp=amu].
313.01 D1 -J
- nc u d u - -J -du- -_ - 1 l n ['k'snu+dnu]
cnu k' cnu ·
313.02 D 2 =Jnc 2 udu=~'[k' 2 u-E(u) +dnutnu],

k 0:.,
[E(u) = E(cp, k), cp = amu].
313.03 Da= Jncaudu = ~13 [k' tn u dc u + (1- 2k2) ln(k'sn::udnu )]·
313.05
313.06 D = 2mk 2 D 2 m-I +(2m+ 1) {1- 2k 2)D 2 m+I +tnudnunc2m+Iu

2m+a 2(m + 1) k'2 .
194 Table of Integrals of Jacobian Elliptic Functions.
314.00 G0 = J du= u = F(cp, k), [cp=amu].
314.02 G2 = J dn 2u du= E(u) =E(cp, k), [E(u) = E(cp, k), cp = am u].
314.03 G3 = J dn 3 udu = t [(1 + k' 2) amu + k2 snucnu].
314.04 G4 = J dn 4 udu=k [k 2 snucnudn~t-k' 2 u+2(1 +k' 2 )E(u)].
314.05 G2 -'-
2
= k 2 dn2 11t::- 1 u_SI1_tt__cnu_+~- 2m) k' 2 G 2-"'~ 2 ±_2m(2=~)~2 m.
m' 2m+ 1
G _ k 2 dn 2 m u sn ucn u- 2mk' 2 G2 m-t +(2m+ 1) (2- k2 ) Gun+t

314.06 2m+3- ----- --- -- - - - ~-+ 1-)------- - ------ ·
315.00 10 = J du= u = F(cp, k), [cp = amu].
315.01 11 = Jndu du= f__t!!~-- =- 1 -tan-1 [k'snucnu

dn u k' k' sn u + cn u ·
l
315.02 1 2 = Jnd 2 udu=k~ 2 [E(u)-k 2 snucdu],
[E(u) = E(cp, k), cp = amu].
13 = J nd 3 udu = 1_ [(2- k2) tan-1 (k'snu- Cll_~)-

1
2k' 3 k'snu + cnu,
315.03
- k' k 2 sn u cn tt nd 2 u ]·
Integrals of the Twelve Jacobian Elliptic Functions. 195
l 4 =jnd4 udzt= -1- [2(2-k 2)E(u)-

315.04 1 3k' 4
- k' 2 zt- k 2 snu cdu (k' 2 nd 2 u + 4- 2k 2)].
315.05
315.06 I = (_~_111- + 1) (2- k 2) I 2 m + l - 2m I 2 m - l - k 2 sn u cn u nd 2 m+• u

2m+3 +
2(m 1) k'2
], =
m •
r V(1
tmdt
+ t•) (1 + k'•t•)
- = r tan'"rp_drp-
. v:,---=--";•sin 2 rp
= ftnmudu
• '
[t = tan q:> = tn u] .
316.00 ]0 = Jdu= zt = F(q:>, k), [q:>=amu].
316.01 ] 1 = {tnudu = r-snu du =fsc udu = -- -In [ ~_nu +

. . cnu
1
2k' dnu-k'
k'].
316.02 ]2 = Jtn u du= k~ 2 [dn u tn u- E(u)],
2
[E(u) = E(q:>, k), q:> = am u].
316.03 ] 3 =jtn3 udu= 4} 3 [2k'dcztnc u- (1 +k' 2 )ln(-~~:~:~)]·
316.04 1] = 4 jtn 4 udu =- 1-

3k' 4
[2(1 + k' 2) E(u)-
- k' 2 u + tnudnu (k' 2 nc 2 u- 2- 2k' 2 )].
316.05
316.06 r = tn•mudcun cu-2mf2 m_ 1 -(2m+1)(1 +k' 2 )f2 m+l

J2m-l-3 2(m + 1) k'2 •
317.00 L0 = Jdu= u = F(q:>, k), [q:>=amu].
317.01 L 1 = (es u du=

•
f cnu_du =In [_1_-=_<i_nu ].
mu mu
13*
317.02 L2 = Jcs udu= -dnucsu-E(u),

2
[E(u) = E(cp, k), cp = am ·u].
J cs u du
1 L4 = 4
317.04 1
= 3 [2 (1 + k' 2) E (u) - k' 2 u + dn tt es u (2 + 2 k' 2 - ns2 u)] .
L _ (~2_nJ,)jl'2_L 2m-~= 2m(1 j- _1>'2 )~ 2 ".=-_cicun~s:"'_+_l:_tt_

317.05 2m+2- 2m+ 1
L _ -2mk' 2 L 2 "._ 1 - (~m_ +1) (1-t_f?' 2 )Lun±_t=_9cu~Ctt_cs2"'_+~u

317.06 2m-3- 2(m+1)
318.00 M0 = J du= u = F(cp, k) [cp = amu].
318.01 M1
_J
- sdudu-
_J sn u
dnudu-k'ktan
_ 1 _ __ 1 [ k k' (1+cn u)
k 2 cnu=-k' 2 - ·
I
318.02 M2 = J sd udu= k2 ~-, 2 [E(~t) -k'

2 2 u-k 2 snucdu],
[E(u) = E(cp, k), cp = am u].
318 .04 fM 4 = Jsd u du= Jkh, 4- [2 (2k 1) E(u) + k'2 (2- 3k2) u-
4 2 -
l - k snu cdu (k' nd u + 4k 2)].

2 2 2 2 -
318.05
318.06
Integrals of the Twelve J acobian Elliptic Functionso 19 7
319.00 N0 = Jdu = u = F(cp, k), [cp = amu].
319.01 N1 = J d sudu= J dnu

---du=ln
snu
[ snu
1+cnu
l 0
319.02 N2 = Jds 2 udu = k' 2 u- dnucsu- E(u),

[E(u) = (Ecp, k), cp = am u]o
319.03 N3 = Jds udu = _1_2 [(1- 2k2) ln (· 1-~)-

3
+ cnu
cnuns 2 u].
319.04 N4 = Jds 4 udu = + [(2- 3k 2 ) k' 2 u

- dn u es u
+ 2(2k
(ns 2
2 -
u + 2 - 4 k2)]
1) E(u)-
0
319.05 N 2m +2 = -~2 k' 2 (2_'!_t-1}_~2 m- 2 +2m(1-2k2 )N2 m-cnund2 uds 2 m+lu.

2m+ 1
319.06
0
m
=-f V(t-t2)(t-k2t2)--J (1-k2sin2tp)(m+l)f
tmdt cosmqJdqJ
2
fcdmudu,
[t = (cos cp)/V1 - k 2 sin 2 cp = cd u]o
320.00 00 = Jdu = u = F(cp, k), [cp=amu]o
320.01 01 = Jcd u du = J cn u du = _1_ ln [ 1 + k sn u ]0

dnu k dnu
320.02 02 = Jcd udu =

2 ~2- [u- E(u) + k2 snucdu],
[E(u) = E(cp, k), cp = amu] 0
320.03
320.06 0 2 +3 = (1 +2m) (1 + k 2 ) 0 2 m+I-::_~_1n<? 2 ".._ 1 - k'2snund2 uc~ 2 mu

2(m+1)k 2 ·
m
321.00 P0 J du= ~t =F(cp, k), [cp=amu].
r
=
321.01 rn 1 = f dc u du=
•
- u
dn
cn u
1 + -sn u - .
du= ln [-------
cnu
l
321.02 P 2 = J dc 2 u du= tt- E(u) -+- dn ~dn u, [E(u) = E(cp, k)J.
321.03 p3 = Jdc u d ~t = -
3 1 [(
2
1 + k2 ) ln (_1___-±~11
, cn u
u) + k' 2 sn u nc 2 u].
321.04 {
P4 =Jdc 4 udu=-~ ~(2+k 2 )u-2(1+k 2 )E(u)+
+ (2 + 2k 2 + k' 2 nc 2 u) dnutnu].
Additional Recurrence Formulas.
am
_f ---v0=--;;l+(~ :. :.~;) - .r V+
-
(a1 t)m dt _ (a 1 sinqJ)m dip
1 - k 2 sin2 (jJ
[t = sin rp = sn u J.
330.00 a 0 = J du= u = F(rp, k),
330.01 a1 = j(a 1 +snu)du= ~ [a 1 ku+ln(dnu-kcnu)].

Additional Recurrence Formulas. 199
330.03 (
<13 = J(a 1 + sn u) 3 du= _1_3·· [2a 1 k (3 + a~ k2) u- 6a1 k E(u) +
2k
+ k cn u dn u + (6 a~ k 2 + k 2) In (dn u - k cn u)], [E (u) = (E !p, k)] .
[!p=amu].
l
where f is defined in 361.58.
a-2=J··(· a +dusn u )2 = (a 2 - 1
)(12k2
a1 - 1
) [(2k2ai-1-k2) X
1 1
+
l
330.51 X Il(!p, 1/a~, k)- E.. (.!p, k) + (1- k 2 a~)F(1p, k)
+ (1+k 2 -2a~k 2 )_a-1 _ cnudnu
a1 a 1 (a 1 + sn u) ·
Ym =f V( ( 1 - ct.2f2)mdt
1 - t 2) ( 1 - k 2 t 2)
=f_(t-
(1 -
ct.~s~~rpt d!p =f(1-oc2sn2u)mdu,
k2 sin2 rp
[t = sin IP = sn u].
331.00 Yo = Jdu= u = F(!p, k), [!p=amu].
33 I.OI {r1= j(1-oc 2 sn 2 u)du= k~ [(k 2 -oc2)u+oc2E(u)],

[E(u) = E(!p, k), !p = am u].
33 I.Ol (r 2 =j(1-oc 2 sn 2 u) 2 du= 3 ~ 4-[(3k 4 -6oc 2 k2+2oc4+k2oc4)u+

+ 2 (3 oc 2 k 2 - oc 4 - k 2 oc4) E(u) + oc 4 k 2 sn u cn u dn u].
jYm+3 (2m~ 5) k2 [2 (m + 2) (3 k2- oc2- k2 oc2) Ym+2 +
331.031 + (2m+ 3) (2oc 2 k 2 + 2oc 2 - oc 4 - 3 k 2) Ym+l + 2 (m + 1) X

X (oc 2 -1) (k 2 - oc 2) Ym + oc 4 (1 - oc 2 sn 2 u)m+lsnu cnudn u].
Tm =f[t_~a~~-t 2 )]m dt=f( 1 =ii_~rp)"'_dcp =f(1-aicn 2 u)mdu,

V(
1 - 12) (1 - k2 12 ) 1 - k 2 sin 2rp V
[t = sin cp = sn u J .
332.01 J
Tm= (1-aicn 2u)mdu=(1-ai)mj (1-a 2 sn 2 u)mdu=(1-ai)mYm,
where rx 2 =rxU(rxi-1), and Ym is given above.
im =fl~-=~~J"'_dt =f [1- ai(1- k2 sin2rp)]m dcp

v(1- 12 ) (1- k2 t 2) v1- k 2 sin2rp
= j(1-rxidn 2 u)mdu, [t = sincp = snu].
J
332.51 im= (1-rxi dn 2u)m du= (1-rxi)J (1-rx 2sn 2 u)mdu=(1-rxi)mYm,
where a 2 =rxik 2/(rxi-1), and Ym is given above.
[t = sin cp = sn u J.
334.00 U0 = Jdu= u = F(cp, k), [cp = amu].
334.01 U1 = j (1- rx2tn 2u) du= k~i [k' 2 u + rx 2 E(u) - rx 2 dn u tn u],
I
[E(u) =E(cp, k)].
u2 = f (1-rx2tn 2u) 2du = -:3~'4- [k'2(3k'2- rx4) u +

334.02 + zrx2 (3k' 2 + rx2 + k' 2rx2) E(u) _
- rx 2 (6k' 2 + 2rx 2 + 2k' 2 rx 2 - k' 2 rx 2 nc 2u) dn u tn u].
Um+ 3 = 1- -,--
2 [-2(m+2)(rx2 +k' 2 rx 2 +3k' 2)Um+2+
r (2m+ 5) k
334.031 + 2(m + 1) (1 + rx2) (rx2 + k'2) um+

+(2m+ 3) (rx4 + 2rx 2 + 2rx 2 k' 2 + 3k' 2) um+l +
+ rx4 tn u dn u nc 2 ~t (1- rx 2 tn 2u)m+l].
Additional Recnrrence Formulas. 201
[t = sin cp = sn u] .
336.00 V0 = Jdu= u = F(cp, k), [cp=amu].
336.01 [See 400.]
=J ( a.~usn2 u )2 = 2 (a.2 -
1
V2 )1(k2 - a.2) [rx.2E(u) + (k2-rx.2)u+
336_02 1- 1
+ (2 rx.2 k2 + 2 rx.2 _ rx.4 _ 3 k2) II(cp, rt. 2, k) _ a.4 snu~nu2dnul·
l
1-a.snu
vm+3 = 2(m + 2} (1 ~ a.2) (k2- a.2) [(2m+ 1) k2 vm +

336.03 +2(m+1)(rt.2k 2 +rx. 2 -3k 2)VmH+
+(2m+ 3) (rt.4- 2 rt.2k2 _ 2 rt.2 + 3 k2) Vm+2 + (a.4 -snucnudnu l·
1 a.2sn2u)m+2
[t = sincp=snu].
337.00 W0 = Jdu = u = F(cp, k), [cp = amu].
337•01 ur _
vvl -
J sn2 u2 du2 -_ 21 [IJ( cp,
1-a.snu a.
2
rt. '
k) -
F( cp, k) J ' [See 400].
337.02 ur
vr2 = J( sn4 udu
2 2 )2
1-cxsnu = 1 [
4cx U- 211;_ +
V.2J ·
337.03
337_04 W
m
=J sn2mudu ·- =. 1_ ~ (- 1)m+i m!
(1-cx2sn 2 u)m cx2m.L.J (m-f)!f!
m
V.
1'
i=O
where V; is given by 336.
202 Table of Integrals of ] acobian Elliptic Functions.
[n > m; t = sin rp = snu] .
337.51 1
-im
L -(-~)1-·1
m
(-1)m+im!
v;.+n-m•
<X m 1·1·
i=O [n >m; see 336].
[n < m; t = sin rp = sn u] .
m
337.75 (- 1)m+im! V
(m-j)!j! n-m+i•
[n < m; see 331 and 336].
[t = sin tp = sn u] .
338.00 X 0 = .f du= u = F(rp, k), [rp=amu].

338.04 Xm=j(t:~";-:n~~)"i = rk:mL>-< -1)i j!(:~1)!Vf,

2
i~o
where Vf is given in 336.
[n>m; t=sin<p=snu].
-d;n LA:= i~~f!!_ Vn-m+i•

m .
338.51 J-c/~ ;;~:)n =

2
[n >m; see 336.]
i~O
[ n < m; t = sin m; t = sin rp = sn u] .
339.51 J dn 2 mudu
(1 - 1)(2 sn2 u)n
J dn 2 mudu
(1- 1)(2 sn2 u)n '
[n<m; t=sinrp=snu].
!J dn2mudu k2m~n
(1-1)(2sn2;)n-=~2mLJ
(1)(2-k2)im!
k2J(m-j)!J! Ym-n-j+
l
J~O
339.75 k2m m (1)(2-k2)im!

+ ~m
I)(
"\'
LJ k2m( m _ J") 1.J.1 Vn-m+j•
i~m-n+l
[ n < m; see 331 and 336 J.
[t = sin rp = sn u] .
340.00 Z0 = Jdu = u = F(rp, k), [rp=amu].

340.01 z1_- J1 - cc~ sn2 u

1-=-a2sn~
d u-
_ ~· rx. - rx12) JI( cp, rx., k) ,- rx12 u J .
1 [( 2 2 1
[See 400.]
2 u) 2 d _ 1 [ 4 +
340.02 Z 2 -j(1-ccisn
- (1-= cc2 sn2 ;,:;)2- U - cc4 rt.1 u 2 rt.12( rx. 2- rt.12)rr+(
V1
2 2)2TT]
rx. - rt.1 v 2 ·
[See 336.]
=f
m
34004 Z (1-ccisn2_u)m du=.C:.L"'." (cc2-cci)im! V.
• m (1-cc2sn2u)m cc2m.L..J cc~;j!(m-j)! J'
i~O
where V1 is given in 336. For the special case when rx. 2 = 1, V1 becomes
D 21 (see313); and when rx. 2 =k 2 , v;.
reduces to ! 21 (see315).
[See 331, 336.]
[t = cos cp = cn u J rx. 2 =t= 1 .
341.00 R_ 1 = J(1 + rx. cn u) du= u + -i [cos-1 (dn u)], [cp=amu].

341.01 l R_ 2 = j(1 + IY.. cn u) 2du= _1_ [(k 2 - IY..2 k'2) u

+ 21Y.. k cos-1 (dn u)],
k2
[u = F(rp, k), E(u)
+ IY..2 E(u) +
= E(rp, k)J.
341.02 R0 = Jdu= u =F(rp, k).

341.03 R1 = f _+ ____!._tt_ ____ = - 1-
1 I)( cn u 1- 1)(2
[II (rp, - _r::_, k) -
1)(2 - 1
(f.. f1] , IY.. 2 =f= 1 .
[See 400.]
where /1 is defined in 361.54.
[t = cos rp = cn u] .
(1_ 1 =j(1 ± cnu) du= u ± 1- [cos-1 (dnu)]

341.51 { k
= F(rp, k) ± ~ [cos- 1 (V-1--k-
2 s~in-2-rp )].
341.52 eo = j du= u = F(rp, k).
341.53
e1=! 1±cnu
du =u-E(u)±-snud11u.
1±cnu
341.54 -J-----
e2- du
(1±cnu) 2
1 [( 4k 2
=-
3
+1 e- )
1
2k 2 u ± sn u dn u
(1±cnu) 2
l.
em+1 = - 1+·--1 {(4k 2 + 1) m em- 2 (2m- 1) k2 l!m-1 +
341.55 { Zm
+ (
m -1 ) k
2
l!m-2 ±
sn u dn u }
(1±cnu)m+I .
[t = tan tp = tn u J .
342.00 r;_ 1 = J(1 + cdnu) du= u + ~ln [dnu
l
+ k' ].
dn 2k t t - k'
r;_ 2 = j(1 +octnu) 2 du= k~ 2 [k' 2 u-oc 2 E(u)+oc 2 dnutnu+

342.01 , dnu+k']
+ oc k ln dnu- k' .
342.02 r; 0 = Jdu= u = F(tp, k), [g;=amu].
342.03 r;1 = J1+d:~:u- = 1 _: a2 ~u + oc 2 Il(g;, 1+ oc 2 , k) +oc(oc 2 +1) / 2 ].

where f2 is given in 361.64. [See 400.]
342.04
342.05
342.50 J ±~-1 t tn u
=__!-[E(u)-k' 2 u±idnu].
k2
342.75 } . 1__ ~!!__ = _1_ [u - E(u)

± t k'tn u k2
+k 2 sn u cd u =f i k' nd u J.
_J
-
amusnucnudu
-·- dn2 mu ----- ' [t = sin tp = sn u] .
348.00 /ho = Jam u cn u sn u du= k12 [E(u)- am tt dn u],

[E(u) = E(g;, k), tp = amu].
348.01 ,11 1 = Jamu cn u sn u nd udu = ~2- [am u ndu- u].

2
fi 2 = Jamucnusnund 4 udu
348.02 1 =
1
Jk 2 /12 [k' 2 nd 3 uamu- E(u) +k 2 snucdu].
Jamucnusnund mudu
l
fim = 2
348.03 1 2 m_ 1
= .- - - - . [ nd u am u - 12 2]
(2m- 1) k2 m- '
where I 2 m_ 2 is given in 315.
= Jamusnucnudn mudu 2 [t = sin cp = sn u J .
348.50 v0 = Jamu cn u sn u du= k~- [E(u)- am u dn u],

[E(u) = E(cp, k), cp = am u].
Jam u cn u sn u dn u du
1 1'1 = 2
348.51 1
= 9 ";2 [2(1 + k' 2 )E(u)- k' 2 u + k2 snztcnudnu- 3 dn 3 uamu].
348.52 vm = Jamucnusnudn mudu 2
where Gm is given in 314.
Jamusnudnucn mudu 2
= - · -1-
2m+ 1
f- am u cn2 m+ 1 u ~
+ L.J
i~o
Additional Rccurrence Forrnulas. 209
[t = sin rp = sn ~t J.
350.00 J 1. A0 =
d
-~. =
dn2 u •
nd 2 udu =
k' 2
1
iE(u) -k 2 snucdul,
~ -
1 -Jx [( + r
[cf. 315-02~.
11 -
A sn2-
- 1t d U-- S d2 Ull d2 U d U = - 1---- X
dn4 u • 3 k2 k' 4
350.01
1 k E(u) - k' u- k 1
2) 2 2( + k + k' 2 2 nd 2 u) sn ~t cd u J .
A2 =Jsd 4 u nd 2u du= -! - , ;{(7 k

15k k 1
2 --+- 3 k4 - 2) E(u) +
•150.02 \ + 2 k' 1 - 3 k u - k [3 k k' + 2 (3 k 1) X
r· "
2( 2) 2 2 2 2 -
X (1 + k + k' nd u) + 3k' nd u] snucdu}.

2 2 2 4 4
(5 +2m) k'2 k2 [(?m + 1) Am +

~
1 -
~
350.03
+ 2(3 k 2 +2m k 2 - m- 1) },m~-l- cn tt ns ~t sd m+5 tt]. 4 2
where I 2 <m-j-y) is 315.
351.51 {J:n'-~on''L'~;:nL~2P_(~::_ry+n_k'~-----~]tZ!JL_!
_
I" ·-·- .
'(P l ~See 315.]
k2 (m+n) (m - j)! 1! (n - y)! y! - 7 Y
j~o y~o
352.01
\[ ~du =Jsnttnd mudu
• dn 2 mu
2
m- 1 2· · 1
= _ 1_ ""V__~!__}__(~ 1r (m- 1)! cd2m+1 tr, (m > o).
k'2m LJ (2j+ 1) (m-1-j)!j!
i~o
m-1 2.
352.51 J-cn_udu =j'cnund 2 mudu= '\-, --"--1~z-_1)I
LJ (2J+1)(m-1 -J)!J!. sd m+ u,
2 1
dn 2 mu
j~O
(m > 0).
fj cn snudu
"udn mu
Jsnunc "und mudu=jtnunc
2 2
2 2 2 "- 1 und2 mudu
353.01 1
m+n-1
m+n-1)
(- 1 )m+n k2 (- + ~ 1 )1 (m n _ 1)!
= k' 2 (m+n) L..J k 21 (m+n-1-j)!f!(2m-2j-1) X
l X cd 2 m- 2i- 1 u
]=0
(m + n- 1 ;;;;;; 0).
f cnudu
sn 2"udn 2 mu
f cnuns 2 "und 2 mudu = f csuns2 n- 1 und2 mudu
m+n-1
(m + n- 1}1. k2 ·m+n-1-j)
354.01
L
i=O
(m+n-1-f)!f!(2m-2j-1)
sd2m-2i-1 u
'
(m+n-1;;;;;; 0).
f sn"ucnPudu
- -----=
dn 2 mu
J sn"ucn p un d2 mudu
= . 1
k 2 (n+P-1- 2m)
{sn"- 3 u cnP+l u nd2 m- 1 u +
+ [(n+P- 2) + (n- 2m- 2)k 2 Jj sn"- 2 ucnPund2mudu +
355.01
+ (3 -n) Jsn"- 4 ucnPund2mudu}, [n + p -1-2m =f=O]
-;2 [J sn"- 2 u Jsn"- 2 u cnP u nd2m-l u du]
cnP u nd2 mu du-
= ~dJ sn"ucnP- und m- udu-k' Jsn"ucnP- und mudu].

2 2 1 2 2 2
ff sn 2 mudu
cn2m1tdn2mu -
-jtn2 mudu
dn2mu
-jtn 2m un d2m u d u
-
= __1___ {sn2m+1 u nc2m-1 u nd2m-1 u +

J (2m -1) k' 2
356.01
I +2[2(1-m)k2-1Jj sn2mudu
cn2 m- 1)udn2 mu
+
l +(2m-3) k2f sn2mudu
cn 2 (m- 2) u dn 2m u
}.
f sn"udu
cnP u dn2m u
= f sn"uncPund2 mudu
357.01
= --1--~-~-- {sn"+ 1 u ncP- 1 u nd 2m-l u
(p- 1) k' 2
+
+ f:P-n-2+(n-2p + 4-2m) k2 ] Jsn"uncP- 2und2mudu +
J
+ k 2(p- n +2m-3) sn"u ncP- 4 u nd2 mudu}, (p =f= 1).
Integrals Involving Various Combinations of Jacobian Elliptic Functionso 211
Integrals Involving Various Combinations

of Jacobian Elliptic Functions.
360.01 Jcnudnudu=snuo
360.02 J snudnudu = - cnuo
360.03 J snucnudu = - (dnu)jk 2 o
360.04 J sn u cn 2 udu = - 2~ [k' 2 cosh-1 (d:,u) + k cn u dnu ]0
360.05 J sn 2 ucnudu = 2~3 [sin-1 (ksnu)- ksnudnu]o
360.06 J dn 2 usn udu = 2k

1 [k' 2 cosh-1 (d:,u)- k cn u dn u].
360.07 Jsn uncudu=kk'- k1n (k' sn ucnu+ dn u) -k'sm-

2 1 [ o (ksnu).
] 1
360.08 Jdn unsudu = ln [cnu+dnu

2 snu l- kcosh- (dnu)
k
1 -,- •
360.09 Jcn2unsu d u = 1n [-cnu-snu

- -] - -cosh-l(dnu)
+ dnu k
-- .
k'
1
360.10 Jdn2uncudu=ksm- o (ksnu)+k'ln [dnu+k'snu]

1 cnu .
360.11 J sn u cn u dnm u du = - 1 dnm+l u

(m + 1) k 2 0
360.12 Jcnudnusnmudu snm+

m+1
u
=
1
.
360.13 Jsnudnucnmudu = - cnm+

m+
u
.
1
360.14 J dnunc 2 udu = tnu.
360.15 J cnudnunsudu = 1n (snu).
360.16 J cnuns 2 udu = - dsu.
360.17 Jnsuncudu=1n [-snu

- u l +- 1n [ dn u +
dn- 1- 1 l
k' .
k' cnu
360.18 Jsnuncundudu=) 2-1n(dcu).

14*
360.19 Jen tt nd tt d ·u sd u .
2 =
360.20 f dn tttn tt dtt 2 ln l}!'-t_d~]

2 =
dnu- k'
~ dn
k' 11.
360.21 f dn u es u du= 1 ln l-1 ::-:-d!lu_j.

2
+ dn cln
2 1
-l 11.
l
11 ·
Jsn tt dn u en tt du
2 2
360.22 1 . , .
= -8k3 [ sm -I (k sn u) -- k sn 11 dn 11 ( 1 ~ 2 k2 sn 2 u) J .
360.23 res
.
tt ds u ns111 u d·u = ~ ---
ns"'+ 1 u
m+t
.
360.24 f tnu de u nem tt d tt =

ncm-f-Iu
-~--- .
m+1
360.25
360.26
360.27
360.28
360.29 !.neu de u tnm u du= -----.

.
tn"'+
m+1
1 11
360.30
360.31 f snttne2ude m
udtt=
dcm+Iu.
(m
-. ---- 2
+
1) k' •
361.01
Integrals Jnvolving Yarious Combinations of Jacobian Elliptic Functions. 213
361.05 Jtn 2u dn 2tt du''= u- 2E(tt) + dn tt tn u.
361.06 Jcs 2u dn 2 tt du= k' 2u- 2E(u) - dn u es u.
Jtn 2u nc 2·u du
361.07 1= 1
Jk' 4 [(1 +k 2) E(u) - k' 2 u + dn zdn u (k'2 nc2u- 1- k2)].
361.08 Jds 2 ttdn 2 udu = k' 2 u - (1 + k2) E(u)- dnztcsu.
361.09 Jcs 2 ucn 2 ttdtt= : 2 [k' 2 zt-(1+k 2)E(zt)-k 2 dnucsu)].
361.10 Jns 2unc tt du= k~

2 2 [2k' 2 tt- ( 1+k' 2) E(u) +dn u (tn zt-k' 2csu)].
Jns und2udu
1 = [k' tt+ (k -k' )E(u) -cnu(k' dsu+k sdn)].
2
361.11 1
k-, 2 2 2 2 2 4
361.12 Jnc2nnd udu= k~ 4 [k' 2n- (1 + k2) E(u) + sn u (dcu + k cd u)].

2 4
Jnc 2udc2udu
361.13 1= 1
3 k, 2 [2k' u + (k -
2 2 2) E(u) + dn u tn u (2- k2 + k'2nc2·u)].
361.14 jds 2 udc 2 udu=2k' 2 u-(1+k' 2 )E(u)-dnu(csu-k' 2 tnu).
1f
361.15
tn 2 u dc 2 u dtt = !_ 1 (1 -- 2k 2 ) E(u) - k' 2 u
3k' 2 c
+
+ dc 1t tn 1t nc u (k' 2 + cn 2 u- 2k' 2 cn 2 u)].
361.16 1f cd 2 und 2 udu= 1

3k 2 k' 2
.
+ sn u cd u (k 2
[k' 2 u + (2k 2 -
-
1) E(u) +
2 k4 + k' 2 k 2 nd 2u) J .
361.17 Jtn 2 unc 2 udc 2 udu= -k 2 D 2 + (k 2 -k' 2)D 4 +k' 2D 6
where D 2 , D 4 and D 6 are given by 313.
361.18 Jsd u cd u nd u du= 1

2 2 2
4 [- 1 2 + (1 + k' 2) 1 4 - k' 21 6 ].
where 1 2 , 1 4 and 1 6 are given by 315.
361.19 lf sd 2und 2 udtt =

+k 2
3k2 k
11-
4
snttcdu (k' 2
[(1 + k2) E(u)- k' 2 u +
- k' 2 nd 2 u- 2)], [cf. 350.01].

361.20 Jcs2und2udu = u- 2E(u) + cnu (k 2sdu- dsu).
361.21 lJcs u ns2u du

2
= -3
1
[- k' 2 u + (1- 2k 2) E(u)- dnucsu(2k 2 + ns2u- 1)].
Jds 2u ns2u du
361.22 l =
1
-3 [2k' 2zt + (k 2 - 2) E(u) - dn u es tt (ns2u + 2 - k2)].
361.23 Jtn 4u dc 2u du= k u + (k' 2 2 - 2k 2 ) D 2 + (k 2 - 2k' 2 ) D 4 + k' 2 D 6 ,
where D 2 , D 4 and D 6 are given by 313.
36 1. 26 (f tn 2 u dc 4 ttdu = 3 }s [4k' 2 u- (k 2 + 7) E(u) + sn u dc u +

+ (k 2 + 4 + k' 2nd 2 u) k2 snucdtt].
{Jsd u cd u du 2
2 2
361.27
}t.•\, 2 [-2k' + (1 +k' 2) E(u) +k2(k' 2nd u-1-k' sn u cdu].
= 2 2)
361.28 Jcn ucd udu ~ 4 [- 2k' tt + (1 + k' E(u)- k2 k' 2 sn u cd u].

2 2 = 2 2)
361.29 Jsn u tn udu 2 ~, 2 [(1 - 2k E(u) + k2 dn u tn u- k' 2u].

2 = k• 2)
Jsn u sd2u tn 2u du
361.30 \
2
1
= k' k [k' 2(2- k u- 2 (k' + k )E(u) + k (cdu + k2dcu) snu].
4 4
2) 2 4 2
361.31 Jdn udc 2udu k' u + (1- 2k' E(u) + k' dnutnu.
2 = 2 2) 2
361.32 Jtn 2und 2udu =); [k' u-2E(tt)+ (1 +k 2-2k 2sn u) tn undu].
2 2
36 1. 33 (J ns unc und udu k~ 4 [k' (1+ k'2) u- (1+ k4 + k'4) E(u) +

2 2
2 2 =
+ (sn 2t t - k' 4 cn 2 u + k6 sn 2 ucd2 u) dcunsu].
361.34 J.sn 2 u cd 2 udu =

1
k'- [(1 + k' 2 ) u- 2E(u) + k2 sn u cd u].
Integrals Involving Various Combinations of Jacobian Elliptic Functions. 215
36 1. 35 fJsd4und2udu= {(7k 2+3k 4-2)E(u)+2k'2(1-3k2) u-

15 k!k, 6
l- [3 k2k' 2+2 (3 k2-1) (1 +k2+k' 2nd2u)+3 k' 4nd4u] k2snucdu}.

36 1.36 JJsd 2 utn 2 usn 2 udu = k 4 ~, 4 [k' 2(1+k'2)u-2(k2+k'4)E(u) +
l + k 2(1 + k 2 - sn 2u- k4 sn 2 u) tn und u].
361.37 ! Jcd 2 ucs 2 ucn 2 udu

1
= -k 4 [(2-k 2 ) k' 2 u+2 (k 2k' 2-1) E(u)+k 2 (k' 4 sdu-k 2dsu) cnu].
361.38 J ds 2 u cs 2 u ns 2 u du = k2 B 2 - (1 + k2) B 4 + B 6 ,
[See 311 for B 2 , B 4 , B 6].
36 1. 39 { J dn 2 u dc 2 u ds 2 u du
= k' 2 (1 + k' 2) u- 2(k 4 - k 2 + 1) E(u) + (k'4tnu- csu) dnu.
361.50 J du
1±snu
= __!_
k' 2
[k' 2 u- E(u) =f ~~dn u ]·
1+snu
361.51 J du
1±cnu
= u- E(u) ± snudnu_
1±cnu'
[cf. 341].
361.52 J-~-u-
1 ± k snu
= -- 1 -
k'2
[E(u) + k (1 =f k sn u) cd u].·
361.53 J1-cnudu=u-2E(u)+ 2snudnu-
1+cnu 1+cnu
36 1. 54 J1·:/rxucnu = 1 ~ rx2 [II (rp' rx2 ~1'

k) - oc 11 ] '
[rp = am u, rx 2 =f= 1] [See 400; cf_ 341.]
where
= sdu, if oc 2 j(oc2 - 1) = k 2 ;
=v- a2-1
k2 + k' 2 rx2
lnlVk 2 +k' 2 rx2 dnu+Vrx2:_1sntt:]
Vk2 + k'2 rx2 dn·u- Vrx2 - 1 sn u '
if oc 2 j(oc 2 -1) >k 2 •
361.55 J~- = _1_ [u- E(u)- es u (dn u =f 1)].

1 ± dn u k2
JTf:n"it = ~ lu +II(rp, 2, k) ±
361.56 1 ± 1 ln Vk'2
_ + 1- v- j
2 d nu [rp=amu].
V2(1 + k' 2) Vk' 2 + 1+ V2dn u ,
361.57
•
r du
dnu±cnu
1
=- , 2
k
[csu =j= dstf:.
l
361.58 r-~=ill(cp,oc 2 ,k)-ocf], (oc2=j=1,k2),

• 1 + cx sn u -
[See 400; cp = am u J,
where
1= . 1 tan_1 [2(1-cx2 )(cx2 -~=)±(1-::-cx_~s~u)(2k2-cx2-cx2k2)],
2V(1-cx2) (cx 2-k 2) 2cx2 V(1-cx2) (cx2 - k 2) cnudn u
if (1 - oc 2) ( oc 2 - k2) > 0;
= --~c- ln l2(cx2 -1) (cx2-k 2)+(1-:::cx 2sn 2 u) (cx2±cx2k2~2k~ +

2V(cx2-1) (cx2_.k2) 1-cx2 sn 2 u
+ V
2cx2 (cx2 - i )(cx2=k2) cn udn u]
1- cx 2 sn2 u '
361.59 J +_-t5~~-du -{u- ···-

1
1
+ [n(cp, -~. k)- oc/
cx cn u
= .1
cx 1
1
cx cx2 - 1
1 ]},
oc 2 =1= 1 , cp = am u,
where 11 is given in 361.54.
361.60 .{/~cx~~nuudu=: {-u+ 1 ~cx [II(cp. cx2 : 1 . k)-oc/1 ] } ,

oc 2 =t= 1, cp [See 361.54 for 11 .]
r.
= am u
361.61 cnudu = ± E(u) _ snudntt.

• 1±cnu 1 cnu
361.62 !
•
_1
1
++ cxcx cn
1 u du
cn u
= _1_ {oc1 u + <X-=-~
cx 1 - cx 2
[n (cp, ~ , k) - oc I
\ cx2 - 1
1]}
'
oc =1= 1, cp
2 = am u. [See 361.54 for ld
361.63 I 1 ~; : :u - :- {u + cx2 ~ 1-lll (cp, ~i: 1' k) - oc f 1]}'
oc 2 =1= 1, cp = amu. [See 361.54 for / 1 .]
361.64 f 1 +~2il1u =T+~i [u+oc21I(cp, 1+oc2 ,k)+oc(oc2 +1)/2 ], cp=amu,

where
361.66 J tnudu
1 + IXtnu
= ··--~[IX u- dl(r, 1 +
1 +IX
IX 2, k)- (tt.2 + 1) / 2].
[See 361.64; T = am lt.]
361.67
• r snudu =
1 ±s!).u
1
k' 2
[± E(u) + ~nudnul· 1 ±snu
361.68 J snudu
1 + IXSII u
=~lu-IJ(
IX c T
,IX 2,k)+IX/],
lT = amu; see 361.58 for fJ.

361.69 ft
•
±IX!.Sn u
1+1Xsnu
du = _1. {1X1 ~t +
IX
(IX- 1X1) [IJ(f(!, IX 2, k) -IX/]} .
[See 361.58; T = am u.]
361.70 J 1d~~~: = ; 2 [±E(u)=j=k' 2 u±(dnu=f1)esu].
361.71
361.72 • cn u dn u du
- - - - --- = -
1
• --- .1
r
, d n u + ''1 sn u sm
-L . -1 (k
sn tf ).· .
•/ 1 - dn u k• sn u L •
361.73 } • _s_n_l:" du = 1 ln 1- cn u .
1 - dnu k2 cnu+dnu
362.01
.
r ns udu
2
2-
1 - IX sn 2 11
(
=u--Eu)+1X 2 IJ( u,tt. 2 ) - dnuesu;
[T = am u, sin T = sn u] ,
362.02 J-E-c 2 udu_= .. 1_ -[k' 2 u-E(u)-1X 2 k' 2 ll(u,tt. 2 )+dnutn~t].

1-IX2 sn2 u (1-1X2)k'2
cs2 udu
362.04 J u.- E(u) + (1X 2 - 1) II(u, tt. 2 ) - dn u es u.
1-cx2 sn 2 u
362.05 J
•
_ds 2 u du
1-IX2 sn2 u
= u- E(u) + (1X 2 - k2) II(u, tt. 2) - dn u es u .
362.06 JtnZudu = 1 iE(u)-k' 2 u+k' 2 ll(u,1X 2 )-dnutnul.

1-IX2 sn 2 u (1X2 -1) k' 2 " -
362.07 •
r~ud_u_=
1 _ IX2 sn2 u
... -1-
(IX2 _ k2) k' 2
[-E(u)+k' 2 ll(u 1X 2 )+k 2 snuedu].
'
362.08 J cd 2 u_djA.__
1-(J.2sn2u
-~- [- E(u) + (1- 1X 2) II(u, 1X2) + k2sn tt cd u].
= k2-(J.2
362.09
362.11 r
•
sn2 udn 2 u
- --
1-(J.2 sn2u
1
du=- 4 [k 2u-IX 2E(u)+(1X2-k2)JJ(u,1X 2)l .
(J.
362.17 1! dn2udu . - - - - __1~- [IX2E(u) +

(1-(J.2sn2u)2- 2(1.2((1.2-1)
+ ( IX
2 2 _ 4 _ k2) J] (
IX U'
(k2 -1X2) u +
IX
2) _ (J.
4
sn u cn u dn u
--1- (J.2sn2 ; - -
l .
362.19 \f (
sn2 udn22 u ) 2 d u-
2
1- cx sn u
_ ~( 12 - - ) [ -oc2E(u )+(oc2+k2 -2oc2k2) u +
2cx cx - 1 4
+ (2oc2k2-oc4-k2)IJ(u,oc2) + cx snuc:u2dnu].
1-cxsnu
_cn_2~u_dn~2 _u~ du = _1_ X

\ f (1- cx2 sn2 u)2 2cx4
362.20 4
X [ - oc2 E(u) + (oc2 + k2) u + (oc4- k2) II(u, oc2) + cx sn u c2n u2dn ul·
1-cxsnu
362.21 (f-(1::::s~-2cx_::_u2_:__~:-:-:-)a du= :4 X
x [- k2II(u, oc 2) + (2k 2 - oc 2) V2 + (oc 2 - k2) V3]. [See 336.]
362.22 (f-(1-=c~::_2 cx_::_~_::_~:-:-:)-3 du= :4 X
X [k2 II(u, a.2) + (k2 a.2 + oc2- 2k2) V2 + (a.2- 1) (oc2- k2) V3.]
[See 336.]
362.23 f sn2 ucn2 u
2 2 )3
(1-cxsnu
du = -cx14 [ - II(u, a. 2) + (2- oc 2) V2 + (oc 2 -1) V3 ].
[See 336.]
sn2 u cn~1~-d~~ du = _1__ [ _ k2 u + (3k2 _ r;..2k2 _ oc2) JI(u, r;..2) +
(1 - cx2 sn2 u) 3 cx6
lf
362.24 + (2 a.2 k2 + 2oc2 _ 3k2 _ a.4) V2 + (oc2 _ 1) (oc2 _ k2) V3 ].
[See 336.]
sn2 ucn2 udn2 u du= _1__ [-k2 II(u, oc2) + (3 k2- oc2 k2-a.2) V2+
(1 - cx2 sn2 u) 4 6 cx
lf
362.25 + (2 a.2 k2 + 2 oc2 _ 3 k2 _ oc4) V3 + (a.2 _ 1) (oc2 _ k2) V4].
[See 336.]
362.26 J sn2 u cn2 u du

(1 -cx2sn2u)4
= _1__ [-V.
cx4 2
+ (2- a. 2) V.3 + (oc 2 - 1) V].
4
[See336.]
362.27 f sn2 u dn2 u du = _1__ [-

(1- cx2sn2u)4 cx4
k2 V. + (2k2 - oc2) v; + (oc2 - k2) V
2 3 4
J.
[See 336.]
363.01 J du
1+ksn2 u
=··U,·+·-1 -tan-1 [(1+k)tnundu].
2 2(1+k)
363.02 J~--=_l:t_+
2
1 tan-1 [(1-k)tnundu].
1-ksn u 2 2(1-k)
1r ----du_-·--= - 1- - {E(u) + k (1 + k) u +
363.03 • (1+ksn2u)2 2(1+k)2
+ (1 + k) tan - 1 [(1 + k) tn und u J + ." sn u cn udn u}.
1 + k sn2 u
363 _04 1! du---= - -

(1-ksn2 u) 2
1 --fE(u)
2(1-k) 2 l
+ k(k- 1) u +
+ (1- k) tan-1 [(1- k) tnundtt]- ksnucnudnu}·
1 - k sn2 u
= JR (sn u) du+ JRo (sn u) cn u du+

364.01 (JR (sn u, cn u, dn+ u)JdttR (snu)
3
1
.
dnudu + JR (snu) cnudnttdu, 4
where R, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are rational functions.
364.02 jR 2 (sn u) cn u du= 2jR 2 [····1 +- 21k 2 t 2 -]·-qt__1 + k2 t2 '
where t = (snu)/(dnu + 1), snu = 2t/(1 + k 2 t2 ).
364.03 J R 3 (sn u) dn u du= 2jR3 [

1 +t_
2
t
]-__!!_t___
2
1 +t 2 '
where t = (snu)/(cnu + 1), snu = 21/(1 + 12 ).
364.04 jR 4 (snu)cnudnudu= JR 4 (t)dt,
where t = sn tt.
365.01 jR(cnu)snudnudu=- jR(r)dr,
where r = cnu.
365.02 JR(dnu) snu cnudu =- k~ J R(x) dx,
where x = dnu.
365.03 jR(tnu)ncudcudu= jR(z)dz,
where z = tnu.
365.04 JR(amu) dnudu = JR(t 1) dt 1 ,
where t1 = amu.
Integrals of the Jacobian Inverse Elliptic Functions. 221
Integrals of the Jacobian Inverse Elliptic Functions.

Jsn- 1 (y,k)dy = jF(sin-1 y,k)dy
39o.ot { I ,--- ___
= y sn -1 (y, k)- -k ln k V1- y2 -
1
V1- k2 y 2 •
390.02 J cn-1 (y, k) d y = y cn -1 (y, k) - ~ cos- 1 [V/12 +fi2y2].

390.03 Jdn - (y, k) d y y dn - (y, k) - sin - fV(i-=-:Y2) fk2].
1 = 1 1
390.04 Jtn - (y, k) d y y tn - (y, k) - ;, ln [k' {!J:_y2 + V1-+k'2-y2] .

1 = 1
390.05 Jnc- (y, k) dy ync- (y, k)- }, ln [k' l':Y -=-1 _;_ i/k -t=k'2 y
1 = 1 2 2 2 :.
390.06 Jnd- (y, k) dy ynd - (y, k)- ~,tan iVk' 2(y2:::_1)/(1-k'2-y2) ~.

1 = 1 -1
390.07 Jdc (y, k) dy = y dc (y, k) -In [l yi-1 + fy ~7?2].

1 1 2
390.09 I ns-1 (y, k) d y = y ns-1 (y, k) -L ln ~Vy 2 - 1 + j/y2- k2!.
39o.lo Jds- (y, k) d y

1 = y ds-1 (y, k) +In ~V:Yi- J/2 + ry 2 + k2 j.
390.11 I cs-1 (y, k) dy = y cs-1 (y, k) + ln [VT+ y 2+ vyz-+ k'2].
390.12 Icd- 1 (y,k)dy=ycd- 1 (y,k) + }ln kj/1--y 2 -l1--k2y 2 •
391.01 Jy sn - (y, k) d y -0; [(k 2y

1 = 2
2 - 1) sn -1 (y, k) + E(sin - 1 y, k)].
391.02 Jycn- (y, k) dy = 2~2 [(k2 y

1 2 - k' 2 ) cn-1 (y, k) + E(cos-1 y, k)J.
391.03 Jydn- 1 (y,k)dy= ~ {y 2 dn-1 (y,k)+E[sin-1 V(1=y 2Jfk2,ki}·
\ ry tn - (y, +k) dEy[sin - _1_.1fy {j(1--ty

1 = k' y tn
2 2 -1 (y, k) +
391.04 . 2 k' 2
1 2 kj- y 2 ), 2 -y2
}"·~(1--+--,-k,- c-)j.-(1-+ y2 }.
392.01 Jymsn- 1 (y, k) dy = - 1- [ym+Iu-Jsnm+Iu du];

m+ 1
[u = sn-I (y, k)].
392.02 Jymcn- (y, k) dy = m ~

1
1 J
[i"+Iu- cnm+I u du];
[u=cn- 1 (y,k)].
392.03 Jymdn- (y, k) dy = h [ym+Iu- Jdnm+ludu];

1 .m
[u = dn-1 (y, k)].
392.04 Jymtn-1 (y,k)dy=-~-- [ym+Iu-{tnm+ludu];

m+1 .
[u=tn-I(y,k)].
Elliptic Integrals of the Third Kind.
lntroduction.
Definition 1 •
The incomplete elliptic integral of the third kind in Legendre' s canonical
form is defined by
[y = sin rp = sn u 1 , t = sin ß = sn u;
When rp =n/2, y = 1, u1 = K, the integral is said to be complete.

In addition to the argument rp and the modulus k, this integral
depends also on the parameter oc 2 . [We find it convenient to write -oc 2
in the integrand of II(rp, oc 2 , k), while in much of the literatme -oc
or + n is wri tten.] It is necessary to consider various cases according
to the value of oc 2 .
1 Writing tX2 = k2 sn2 a, J AC OBI took
2
II1 (u1 ,a) =k snacnadna
J
u,
1
sn2 u du
_k 2 sn2 asn 2 u
0
as his fundamental integral of the third kind, where the parameter a is imaginary
in the circular cases and real in the hyperbolic cases. This integral is related to
LEGENDRE's integral by the equation
II (ur, tX)-
2 _ sn a II
Ur+ - - d - - r(ul, a).
cna na
Although addition formulas and many other relations may be simplified by use of
]AcoBr's II 1 (u1 , a), weshall employ LEGENDRE's parameter except for sign.
* If the quantity 1/tX2 is not a root of v(1-y2){1-!l2Y2), this normal integral
becomes logarithmically infinite for y 2 = 1(tX2 ; while if 1/tX2 is a root, the integral
becomes algebraically infinite of the one-half order.
224 Elliptic Integrals of the Third Kind.
Possible cases.
Case
Case III:
Case IV:
Case V: Complex parameter.
Evaluation.
Complete elliptic integrals of the third kind can be evaluated in
terms of elementary functions and of the tabulated functions A 0 (rp, k)
and KZ(rp, k) (see 410-419). For the incomplete integrals (430-440),
however, there is an additional term involving Theta functions which
requires evaluation by means of an infinite series. For computing this
series, the circular cases are best broken down still further, as follows:
Case I: 0<- IX2 < k and k< -IX 2 < oo.
Cascii: k<IX 2 < 1 and k 2 <~X 2 <k.
Thus two sets of formulas are given for each of case I and II. These
formulas are the source of the two alternate sets given for case I and II
of the complete integrals.
In evaluating certain real elliptic integrals [e.g., Ju, du ···l, one

·
1-ksnucnu
0
occasionally encounters either the sum a II(rp, IX2 , k) + a II(rp, F/.2 , k) or
the difference i [a II(rp, IX2 , k)- a Il(rp, F/.2 , k)], where a, a and the para-
meters IX2 , F/. 2 are two pairs of conjugate complex numbers. It is possible
in these cases (416-418 and 437 -440) to express the sum or difference
in terms of elementary functions, of the function F(rp, k) and of two
integrals of the third kind having real parameters.
Table of Integrals.
The following short table gives for each of the above cases the
evaluation 1 of II(rp, IX2 , k), as well as of certain integrals which occur
frequently in practice. [Recurrence formulas are given in 336 to 342
for other integrals whose evaluations usually lead to a term involving
II(rp, IX2 , k).J
1 See 110 for addition formulas, special values and other basic information
concerning the normal elliptic integral of the third kind, Il(!p, (1. 2 , k).
Complete Integrals. 225
Complete Integrals.
Gase I: 0<- ot 2 < oo.
A 0 (1p, k) = 2- [E F(1p, k') + K E(1p, k')- K F(1p, k')],
. -lllh2
:n;
1p=Slll ~k2-.
cx -
Special case when - ot2 = k:
ll(-k,k)=f1+~~n2u = 4(1~k) [.n+2(1+k)K].

0
410.02
410.05
410.06
* The function A 0 (1p, k) is discussed in detail in ISO, and is tabulated in the

Appendix.
J
K
410.08 (1-cxisn2u) 2 d u ~
-(-22-)2 ~4 2 k)+( ()( 2~()(12)2V.]
1 [ ()(14K+ 2()(12 (()( 2~()(12)IJ(()(' 2
1- cx sn u cx
0
where II(()( 2 , k) is given by 410.01 and V2 is obtained from 410.07.
Case I: 0 < ~ ()( 2 < oo; alternate formulas:
A 0 (ß,k) = ~ [EF(ß,k') +KE(ß,k') ~KF(ß,k')J,
4ll.OI II(()(2 ,k)=J--d_u_=~+ ncx2 rA 0 (.ß,k)-1], (()(2 <0),

1-cx2sn2 u 1-cx2 2 Vcx2( 1 -cx2)(cx2-k2)
0
[cf. 410.01].
Special case when ~ ~Z 2 = k:
J + du
K
JI(~k k) =
4 ( 1 ~k) [n+2(1 +k)KJ.
' 1 k sn2 u
0
K
4 ll.OJ J cn2 udu _n(1-tt2)[1-A0 (ß,k)J
0
1 - cx2 sn 2 u ~ -;v~2 ( cx~(cx2;=- --k2l .
411.05
411.06
411.08 \J
o
K(1- rt~sn2t{)2_du
(1 - et2 sn2 u)2
= ~4 [oci K + 2oci (oc 2 - oci) ll(oc 2 , k) + (oc 2 - oci) 2 V2] .
where ll(oc2 , k) is given by41l.OI and V2 is obtained from 411.07.
A0 (#, k) = 2_ [E F (#, k')

:n
+ K E({}, k')- K F({}, k')],
-u·
.Q
= •
Slll-l ~-r:J.2
--
k'2 .
K
412.01 ll(oc2 ,k) =J--dt(.~-
1 - et2 sn 2 u
= K + ~_[ 1 - Ao(&, k)]
2 ~2 k2) (1-
_ rt2)
, [cf. 413.01].
0
Special cases when oc 2 = k2 and oc 2 = k:
II(k 2 k) =Jnd2 udu = !!_.

k'2.'
'
0
=J
K
ll(k,k) 1-
~usn2 u = 4 (1-
1 k) [n+2(1-k)K].
412.02
412.03
15*
K
41208
• J ((1-a~sn
2
u) d _ 1
2
2 ) 2~ u- 4
2 [ a 4K+
1
2k)+(a2 -a12} 2V.]
2a12( a2-a12)IJ(a, 2 ,
1-asnu a
0
where II(a 2 , k) is given by 412.01 and V2 by 412.07.
Case II: k 2 < a 2 < 1; alternate formulas:
A 0 (~, k) = ~ [E F(~, k')

n
+ K E (~, k') - K F(~, k')],
[cf. 412.01].
Special cases when a 2 = k 2 and a 2 = k:

K
II(k 2 ' k) = {nd2 u du=

.
E ·
k'2'
0
II(k,k) =f -~ 1-ksn2 u
= - 1-~ [n + 2(1- k) K].
4(1-k)
0
f
K
413.04
dn 2 udu k2 K + -~n(rx~~ k 2 )A 0 (~.!1_
1- cx2 sn 2 u cx2 2 Vcx2 (cx2 ~J.2f(1-0C2) .
0
413.06
f
K
2u) 2 d _ 1 [ 4K+ 2 2( 2 2)IJ( 2 k)+( 2 2)2V.J
413.08 (1-cxisn
-(---2-2--)2 U - -4- IXl IXl IX -IXl IX ' IX -IXl 2 ·
• 1-cxsnu cx
o [See 413.01 and 413.07.]
IKZ(ß,k) =KE(ß,k) -EF(ß,k); ß=sin-1 (f).

K
414.01* Il(1X 2 , k) =j d2u 2

1-cxsnu
0
Special case when 1X 2 = k 2 :
f
K
E
II(k 2 ' k) = nd 2 u du = ---
k'2.
0
f
K
sn2 udu KZ(ß,k)
414.02
1- cx2 sn2 u
0
f
K
414.03
cn2 udu = K + (rx2 - 1) KZ(ß, k)
0
1- cx2 sn 2 u Vcx2 ( 1 - cx2) (k2 - cx2)
*A tabulation of K Z(ß, k) appears in the Appendix. See 140 for information

about the function Z (ß, k).
f
K
414.04
dn 2 udu =K + (rx 2 - k2)KZ(ß,k)
1- rx2 sn2 u V rx2 (1 - rx2) (k2 - rx2)
0
f
K
414.08 (1-rx~sn2 u) 2 d U_- - 14 [ IX14K+ 21X12(IX2-IX12)JI(IX'

-(-2~)2
2 k)+(IX2-IX12)2V.J
2 •
1-rx sn u rx
0 [See 414.01 and 414.07.]
I KZ(A,k)=KE(A,k)-EF(A,k); A =sin-1(1/IX).,
K
415.01 fl(1X2,k)=f du =- rxKZ(A,k)
1 - rx 2 sn2 u V(rx2 _ 1) (rx2 _ k2) ·
0
415.05 fK
sd 2 udu
1-
_
rx2 sn2 u -
1
k' 2 (k 2 - rx2)
__ [E + k'2rxZ(A, k) K ]
V (rx2 _ 1) (rx2 _ k2) •
0
415.06
where II(rx 2 , k) is given by 415.01 and V2 by 415.07.
Case V: Complex parameter.
where
t2 = m~ + (yl + 2- <X~) m2 + Yt+ n2 m2 (YI:+ <X~) ,

m2Y2
~, m 2 being the two real roots of the quadratic equation
Taking m~ >mi, we have 1 ><X~ >k 2 ><Y.i >0. Hence case II applies
to Il(<Y.~, k) and case III to Il(<Xi, k).
Special case:
If r 2 +2y1 +k 2=0, then m1 =0, <Y.i=O; thus
418.00 ! all(<Y. 2 ,k) + all(a2 , k) = - - 2

2 -~-- {[a1 (k t 2 m 2 - r 2t1) +
m2r (s2tl- t2s1)
+ b1(k 2 s 2m 2 - s1 r 2)] K + n 2 m 2r 2(a1 t1 + b1 s1) Il(<Y.i, k)}.
419.00 l all(<Y.2, k)- all(a 2 , k) = ~-~--2-~-- {[a1(s1r 2 - k2 s2 m2) +

m2r (s2tl- f2s1)
+ b1(k2t 2 m 2 - r 2t1)] K + n 2m 2r 2(a1 s1 - b1 t1) II (<Y.~ , k) } .
Incomplete Integrals.
Case I: 0<- <Y. 2< k.
A 0 (1p, k) = --~- [E F(1p, k') + K E(1p, k') - K F(1p, k') ], q = e- (nK'/Kl,
:k
n
1JI=Sin-1 Vcx2 2, v=(nu1 )j2K, W= [nF(1J!,k')J/2K,

Q = i K ln H[u1_-:-- i F
(IJ!, k')] = i__!!_ ln f} (v - i w)
1 n H[u 1 +iF(!j!,k')] n fJ(v+iw)
= ?_K tan-lj 2 ~ (- 1)m+l qm' sin (2m v) sinh {2m w) ]·
n 1+ 2f (- 1)mqm' cos (2mv) cosh (2mw)
u,
431.01 Il(ul <Y.2)=j __ du,_ ____ ulk2 ncx2[utAo{!J!,k)+.Qtl_, (<Y.2<0).
' 1-cx2 sn 2 u- k 2-a2 2Vcx2(1-cx2)(cx2-k2)K
0
[See 363.01 for special case when <Y. 2 = - k.]
Incomplete Integrals. 233
J
u,
431.04
dn2 udu n (k 2 - a.2 ) [u1 A 0 (tp, k) +
.Ql]
1-a.2 sn2 u 2 Va.2 ( 1 - a.2) (a.2 - k2) K
0
Gase I: k<- ()( 2 < oo.
A 0 (ß,k) =2_ [EF(ß,k')+KE(ß,k')-KF(ß,k')], ß= sin-1 -1_.

n Vi-~
v=(nu1 )j2K, w=[nF(ß,k')Jj2K, q=e- 2 P, P=nK'j2K,
Q 5 = i K ln H[u1 + iF(~,_k')]_ = ~ ln ~1 (v +
i w)
n H[iF(ß,k')-u 1 ] n D1 (iw-v)
= u
1
+ tan_1 [ 2f (- 1)m+lqm'sin (2mv) sinh[2m(p- ~~]·
oo m m2
1+2~_:(-1) q cos(2mv)cosh[2m(p-w)]
1
Special case when ()( 2 = - k:

u,
ll(u1 ,-k)=J du = u1 + - -
1 --tan-1 [(1+k)tnu ndu ].
1 1
1 +ksn 2 u 2 2(1+k)
0
Case II: 0< k< IX 2 < 1.
A 0 (ß, k) = ~- [EF(ß,k')+KE(ß,k')-KF(ß,k')], ß=sin-1 V 1 ; / :2 ,
v=(nu1 )/2K, w=[nF(ß,k')J/2K, P=nK'j2K, q=e- 2 P,

Q = i K ln ~du1 + iF(D._l0]_ = i K ln ~(v + i UIL
2 n Hdu 1 - iF(D, k')] n D2 (v- i w)
2l: qm' sin (2m v) sinh [2m (p- w)] ]

= 2K t an -1 [ _
ul - ~n 1
____o_~oo-c---,---------- .
1 + 2 2.; qm cos (2m v) cosh [2m(p- w)]
1
433.01
Special case when 1X 2 = k:

u,
II(u1 ,k)=J~-=~+
1-ksn u 2
( 1 ) tan-1 [(1-k)tnu1 ndu1].
2 1-k
0
433.02
433.03
433.04
433.05
Ao(~, k) = _2_ [E F(~, k')+K E(~, k')-KF(~, k')] I ~=sin -1 v~rx2--=-}~'

2 k' 2
n
v=nu1 f2K, w=[nF(~,k')]/2K, q=e- 2 P, P=nK'f2K,
-=-
Q =_!!___In _(91 [u1 i F (~~)l = _f!_In 1}-3(v- i 1fJ)
6 in 6du 1 +iF(~,k')] in &3 (v+iw)
= '2_K_ tan _1 1--- 2 ~ qm sin (2m v) sinh (2m w) ]

n
+ 2 l.:qm
oo 2 •
1 cos (2m v) cosh (2m w)
1
[cf. 433.0 l].
Special cases for a 2 = k and a 2 = k2 :

ul ul
Il(u 1 , k =j-~~=J
2)
1-k sn u
nd 2 ud~t =-k~ 2 [E(u 1 ) -k 2 snu1 cdu1 ].
0 0
II(u 1 , k) =ju'__ ~!t_ __

1-ksn2 u
= !11
2
- 1-tan-1 [(1- k) tnu1 ndu1].
+ 2(1-k)
0
434.02
434.03
434.04
E
Z (ß, k) = E(ß, k) - -K F(ß, k), ß = sin-1 (rx/k), v = (n u1 )/2K,
w=[nF(ß,k)J/2K, P=nK'J2K, q=e-2P,

00
1 ln fJ0 (w + v) = ~ sinj~_tl'l w)sin (2m v)

2 {}0 (v- w) L..J m sinh (2m p) ·
m~l
Special case when rx 2 = k2:
-=Jnd
ul ut
II(u 1 , k 2 ) =J-~u 2
1-ksnu
2 udu k 2
=~ [E(u1 ) -k 2 snu1 cd~].
0 0
435.02
435.03
435.05
435.06
= + 2k2- <X2) ul- <X2 E(ul) +
2(1-a.2)1 (k2 -a.2) { (<X4- 2<X2 k2
+ a.2(a.'-2a.2 k2-2a.2+3k2) [u Z (ß, k)- .Q l + a.' sn u cn u dn u

1 3 1 1 1}
Va.2(1-a.2){k2-a.2) 1-a.2sn2u1 ·
CaseiV: oo ><X2 >1.
Z(A,k)=E(A,k)- ~F(A,k), A=sin-1 (1/<X), v=(nu1 )j2K,

w = [nF(A, k)J/2K, p =nK'/2K, q = e- 2P,
D = _!_ln D1 (w+v) = _!_ln H[F(A,k) +u1]
4 2 -&1 (w- v) 2 H[F(A, k)- u 1 ]
+ ~ qm sin (2m w) sin (2m v)

00
= _!_ ln sin (w + v)
2 sin (w- v) ~ --m-sinh -(zmp)--.
m~1
Special case when <X 2 = 1 :
Jnc udu= f
u, u,
IJ(Ur, 1) =f 1-sn2 udu 2
2 [k' 2 u1 -E(u1 )+dnu1 tnu1 ].
0 0
436.05
Gase V: Complex parameter.

r
a II (u 1 , oc 2) + 1i II (u 1, ~2 ) =
~
aj___!-__2~2 - +
1 - ~ sn u
aJ ~
1-
d2u
~ sn2 u
0 0
437.00 = (51 2t2 - 52 tl

) {[m1 (s1 b1 +t1 a1 )-m2 (a1 t2 +b1 s 2)]u1 +
ml m2
+ m1 m 2 [n 2 (a1 t1 +s1 b1)II(u1 ,oc~)-n1 (a 1 t2 +b1 s 2)II(u1 ,ocm +

+ m1 m2 [(a1 t2 + b1 s2 ) T1 - (s1 b1 + t1 a1 ) T 2 ]}.
I
a II(u1 , oc 2) - l l II(u 1 , ~ 2 )
= ( 2i ) {Cb1 (m1 t1 -m2 t 2)-a1 (s1 m1 -s2 m2)]Ut+
l
438.00 ml m2 51 t2 - tl 52
+ m 1 m 2 [n1 (a1 s 2 -b1 t 2)li(Ut,oc~)+-n 2 (b1 t1 -a1 s1)li(Ut, ocm+

+m 1 m 2 [(b1 t2 - a1 s 2) T1 + (a 1 s1 - b1 t1) T 2 ]},
where a 1 , b1 , m1 , oc~, oc~, n 1 , n 2 , s1 , s 2 , t1 , t 2 are given in 417.00; and where

the elementary integrals T1 and T 2 are
P1 _ snu1 cdu1 sn u 1 cd u 1
- 1 + m~sn2 ul ' 1 + nz 2 sn! u 1 '
Special case:
When r 2 + 2y1 + k 2 = 0, we have m1 = 0, rx~ = 0, h1 = - r 2 , and hence
the following:
rall(u1' rx2) + all(u1' (i2)
439.00 j = - - 2- -2
mz r (sz 11
-=-·· {[a (k t m
lz sl)
1 2 2 2- r 2 t1 ) + b (k
1 s m 2 - s1 r 2)] u 1 +
2 2
+ n m r (a1 t1 + b1 s II (u1, rx~) + m r (a1 t1+ b1 s

2 2 2 1) 2 2 1) r2+
l + m r(a 1 t + b1s tanh - [r sn u 1 cd u J}.
2 2 2) 1 1
a II (u 1 , rx 2) - aII (u 1 , Ci. 2)
= 2
2i {[b1 (k 2 t 2 m 2 - t1 r 2)+a1 (r 2 s1 -s 2 m2 k 2 )]u1 +
m 2 r (s 2 11 - 12 s1 )
440.00
+ r 2 m 2 n 2 (a1 s1 - b1 t1) II (u1, rx~) + m2 r 2(b1 t1 - a1 s1) r 2 +
+ m2 r (a1 s2 - b1 t 2) tanh -1 [r sn u1 cd u1J}.
In all the above integrals, we take mi < m~; hence 1 > rx~ > k 2 > rxi > 0,
h1 < 0 < h 2 , and case II applies to II (u1 , rx~) and case III to II (u 1 , rxi).
Miseellaneous Elliptie Integrals
Involving Trigonometrie
and HyperhoHe Integrands.
Single Integrals 1 •
J-Va2 + b;-tali2ß =--;;JV1+~~~21J '

f 'P 'P
cos2 m-l{} d{} 1 cos 2 m{} d{}
0 0
510.01 [b 2 >a 2; see 282.05with n 2 =(b 2 -a2)/a 2]
l= 1
~ J
0
u,
cn 2m u d u , [a 2 > b2 ,. see 312 .05 , k2 -- a2. ;;_?.-,

- b2 1].

a
tp
= v~2~-~f v~ ;~~tu!D · 0
[a 2 > b2 ; see 282.09 with n 2 = -;2 ~-b 2 ].
513.02
J
Vd2-.:p2 V
1
tp
R(sin 2 #) dß
1- k2 sin2ß ·
0
[See 281.01 with k2 = b2/(a2 + b2).J
j ;::~-:2~!~{2&ß =, ~-.(y:i~:~-sfn~& .~ ~~n2m u du, = [b2 > a2;

1
0 0 0
l~ ~Iv~::;.;" [
514.01 see310.05withk 2 =(b 2 -a 2 )/b 2 , amu1 =rp, sinß=snu]
a' > ,, , ece282.04 with n' ~ (a' _ '') fb'J

0
n/2 n/2
514.02 f-v~;:;::o~2ß{/ =I v~2-:~;~J-~~~=ß~.

tp tp
[See 285.05 with a 2 = <J. 2 + ß2, b2 = ß2 , n/2 > rp > sin -I(~~~ ß2 ) ·]
242 Mise. Elliptie Integrals lnvolving Trigonometrie and Hyperbolie Integrands.
f V+
~ ~
515.01 R(eosß) dß = -~-jR(1- 2sn2u) du,

0
1 2 a 1 eos ß+ a~ 1 +a 1
0
[1 + ai > 2a1 ; see 289 09 with k2 =-

. (1
4
+ar_
ar)2 '
sn u 1 = sin (rp/2), 2 sn 2 u = 1- cosß].
515.02
516.01
[sin 2 ß = t. See 250.]
1
2 •
f
tan 2 q;:!
R(t) dt
+ t) V(a 1- btj (ad:_-b t) t
--------------------
(1
- -
'
1 1 2
tan 2 cp1
[tan ß
2 = t. See 250].
519.0 I
where R is a rational function and

Single Integrals. 243
- - - ' - = =-F(
rJ"'cos2mffd{} - cp, k) ---
4m- 2 !"' --- (4m1 ~2
sn 2u d u +4m )Ju,sn 4 u d u-
2 2 2
1°
1 --
V1~k2sin2{} 2. 4.
520.01
l r'
0 u 0
2 ~ 4 2)
- - - -- -- 6 T-(4m
4m 2 (4m 2 ~ 2 2)
-----. sn 6 udu+ ··· to m+ 1 terms,
o [cp = am u 1 ; see 31 0.]
f V~o j"
'P 1
3 1 a -2- r- -2- -
52t.02 =
- -- ---
dt
·Y = Vcos cp t = aliCOs {}
2 • }/1 ~ t3 ' L ' f '
0
Y 0 ;;;: y < 1, 0 < cp ;;;: n/2. See 244.00.]
y 1 1
521.03 }f v1~=ts
0
= ~ Iv/~~a--
0
f J0 ~~3,
y
[y=Vsin 2 cp, t=Vsin2ß, O<y:S::1, O<cp:S:n/2. See244.00.]
525.01
~ ~
525 ·03
0
Iv~2~i~l~l~~:e = vc/+biivS~();(i2{}~0::2 ff · 0
[See 295.11 with k 2 = a 2-~-bi , k' 2 = a2 +~2 ·l
+Ivf~~~~~~t~i.
@
Jv~)~:~'-~~s~:ß
~
525.04 =
0 0
[a 2 >b 2 ; see 295.21 with k' 2 = b2/a 2 .]
16*
244 Mise. Elliptic Integrals Involving Trigonometrie and Hyperbolic Integrands.
525.05
525.06 JV
,, y = e<P,
b0 = a3 + a4 + a5 , b1 = 2 (a1 + a 2 ), b2 = 2 (2a 0 + a3 - a5 ),
ba = 2 (a1 - a 2 ), b4 = a3 - a4 + a5 .
Multiple Ir;ttegrals. 245
Multiple Integrals.
ff--V t ~~ d{)_=c
k n/2
530.01 = E- k'2 K, [cf. 610.01].

1 - t2 sin2 {)
0 0
530.02
0 0
k n/2
JJtfi-=t2sin ßdtdß 2 = ++ [(1 k 2 ) E- k' 2 KJ, [cf. 611.01].
ff
k n/2
Vt-t2sin2{)
530.03 ---------~ dtdi} = k K [cf. 612.01].
1- t2 '
0 0
k rp
530.04 jj' V_!~!L 1 - 12 sin 2 {)

=E(rp, k)-k' 2 F(rp, k)+[V1-k 2 sin 2 rp-1] cotrp,
[cf. 613.01].
+
0 0
530 _05 r,r,r~v, _,, 'i"'·9 dtdU ~ [(H k') E(q,_ k) _
1 -k' 2 F(rp,k)-(1--V1-k 2 sin 2 T)cotrp], [cf.613.02].
k n/2
530.07 ff • (1 - ry,2
tdtd{)
sin 2 {)) V1 -·
. .......... =(k 2 -rt. 2 )Il(rt.2 ,k)-K+E,
t 2 sin 2 {)
0 0 [cf. 612.14].
[F(rp, k)] 2
[cf. 630.01].
2
[ cf. 633.08].
[cf. 630.02].
where e (0) and e (u) are defined in the appendix.
530.11 JJ1V{1-
n/2 <p1
1-
k 2 sin:J_ß>
k 2 sin 2 rp 1
d
rp1
di} = E · K
2
-lnVk'
'
[cf. 633.09].
0 0
246 Mise. Eliiptic Integrals Involving Trigonometrie and Hyperbolic Integrands.
II V'-- II V'-
rprp, ---- rprp,
1-k2sin2& d d{}-!!__ drp 1 d&
530.12 \
2 . 2
k ;m p,
CfJl
K
' .
lhm'p, V' -k' e<n'O
.. . . ..
= ln t9[F(rp,k)] [cf 630 03]

t9(o) ' . • .
JJ
n/2 rp
530.14 :otrparpa& =nK'/4+KlnVf.
V1- k 2 sin2 D
0 0
f orlVf1=
n/2 rp
k 2 sin2 D .
1 . - - . - smcp coscp dcp d{}
530.15 \ o 1-k2sm2q;
= 2 ~2 [(2- k2 ) K- (2 + ln Vf1)Ej.
530.17 fn!2rq; V--·--;-

•
-= 1
sm
k2 sin2D
1 - k 2 sm 2 rp
.
cp dcp d{} = n/2k.
'
0 0
[cf. 615.08].
531.04 J Jcos cp v1- sin {}sin cpdßdcp

n/2 n/2
2
____
2 2 =
K2 (112)2)
~ ' .
0 0
Multiple Integrals. 247
where
k4 = k~ + f1-__:_~
1 +k; .
" ""
531.08 JJJ--drp_d_'lf!qfJ __ = 4n K
1 - cosf} cosrp cos 1p
2 (V2/2).
0 0 0
" "
531.09 {J
• 4- at. 2 (1-
drpdf}
cosfJ) (1- cosrp)
=__!!__K(1foc),
2at.
[oc>1].
0 0
JJ 1 - kdfJdrp
n/2 n/2
53 t.ll 2 sin rp sin f} sin rp sin f}
v(1+sinfJ)(1+sinrp)= 2 nK.
0 0
JJ drp
n/2 n/2
531.12 (k2 cos2f} +
k'2 cos"rp)df} = E K' + K E'- K K' = n/2.
v(1 - k 2 sin2fJ) (1 - k'2 sin2rp)
0 0
1 n/2
531.13 JJ---d_!_!-_1!___
V1 - 12 sin2f} = 2G, (G = 0.91596559; Catalan's constant),
0 0
[cf. 615.01].
1 n/2
531.14 .f .[V1- t 2 sin 2 {}dtd{} = G + 1/2, [cf. 615.02].
0 0
1 n/2
531.15 JJ Vcos"f}dt+dfJ12 sin2f} = n2f4' [cf. 615.03].

0 0
248 Mise. Elliptie Integrals lnvolving Trigonometrie and Hyperbolie Integrands.
1 n/2
531.16 J JVcos 2i1 + t2sin 2i1dtdi1 =n2j8, [cf. 615.04].
0 0
531.17 ffn/21
dtdD
t V1 - t2 sin2D
n
--
2
J 1
t
dt
--=nln2-2G
'
[cf. 615.05].
0 0 0
531.18 ffn/2
1
(1
dtdD
+ t) V1- t2 sin2D
= :n;2j8' [cf. 615.09].
0 0
531.19 ff
1 'I'
tdtdD
V1- t 2 sin 2D
1 - eosrp
sinrp
[cf. 616.03].
+[
0 0
531.20 Jjt V1 -
0 0
t2 sin2iJ dt diJ = sin2rp ~:rp- eosrp] , [cf. 616.04].
\
(J~J~ tdtdD
= (1-tx 2 ) II(rp, tx 2 , 1)-tx2 II(rp, tx2 , o)+
11
53 1. 2l 0 0 (t-1X2 sin 2D) v1-t 2 sin2D .
+ (1- cos rp)/sm rp -In (tan rp +sec rp).
[See 112.02, 111.04, and cf. 616.05.]
ff
k 00
532.01 tdtdD .. =E-k' 2 K.

Veosh2D- t 2
0 0
ff
k 00
532.02 ta dt dD = __1-l{2- k 2 ) E- 2k' 2 K].

eosh2 DVeosh 2D- t2
!
3
0 0
In (1 + Y2l In (1 + y:n
eosh D eosh rp d D d rp
532.03
0
f 0
f (1-k 2 sinhDsinhrp)ysinhDsinhrp(1-sin hD)(1-sinhrp)
=2nK.
532.05 I f
In(1+Y2)
In (-1 + Y2)
f
In(l-1 ,~,
In(-1 + Y2)
X
In(-1
d#arpdlp
f
In(1+Y2)
+ Y2J
eosh#eoshrpeosh1p
(1 - sinh D sinh rp sinh 1p)
V(1- sinh2D) (1- sinh2rp) (1- sinh2lp)

.=
X
4:n;K2(V2f2).
Elliptic Integrals Resulting from
Laplace Transformations.
Finding the Laplace transform 1 of products of Bessel functions 2 often
leads to the evaluation of elliptic integrals. Weshall give here, however,
only a short table of such integrals.
560.01
where QY (Z) is Legendre's function 3 of the second kind of degree y, and

k2 =2/(Z + 1), Z = (P 2 +r 2 +s 2 )/2r s.
560.02 o !J
oo
e- Pt 11 (r t) 11 (s t) dt = +
nvrs
Q~ (Z) = ~~-
nlrso
K
Jsn 2 u cd 2 u du
= - -1---:c [(1 + k' 2) K- 2E].

kn Vrs
oo K
lf e-P 1 ] 2 (rt)f2 (st)dt=~Q~(Z) =- 5

k ·[sn4 ucd4 udu
560.03 o :n:Vrs :n:Vrs 0
1 --
= -- [(3 + 1ük' 2 + 3k' 4 ) K + 8(1 + k' 2 ) E].
3k 3 n Vrs
1 A function f (p) is called the Laplace Transform of g (t) if
00
f(p) =fe-P 1 g(t)dt.

0
2 For the definition of Bessel functions, see, for example, N. W. McLACHLAN's

Bessel Functions for Engineers, Oxford University Press, 1946.
a See A Course of Modern Analysis by E. T. WHITTAKER and G. N. WATSON,
Macmillan, New York, 1943.
250 Elliptic Integrals Resulting from Laplace Transformations.
where k 2 is as in 560.01 and y is an integer;

K
Jsn 2 Yucd 2 Yudu

o y y K
= k~Y LL(~)(~)(-1)i+Y+'(k' 2 )Y-JJnd 2 Y-i-J.udu

i~o J.~o o
with the integral on the right given by 315.05.
561.02/l 00
e-Pt[fl(rt)]2dt = ___2 __
nVP 2 +4r2 1
--
:rt/2
cos2{}d{}
Vt-k 2 sin 2 {}
= - 1-
nrK
[(1 + k' 2 ) K- 2E].
00 :rt/2
561.03 Je-Pt[fn(rt)]2dt= 2(-t)n J cos2nßd{}' [See 806.01.]
0
nVP +
2 4r2
0
V1 - k2 sin2{}
oo K
561.04 JcP 1{ [ ]0 (r t)]2- []1 (rt)] 2 }dt =3-!!_Jcn 2 udu=-2- [E- k' 2 K],
nr nrk
0 0
oo K
561.05 Je-P 1 {[]0 (r t)J2 + []1 (r t)] 2} dt = 3-!!_Jsn 2 udu = _2_ [K- E].
nr nrk
0 0
oo
561.06 Jt e-Pt ] 0 (r t) ] 1 (r t) dt = __1!_2

2nr
Jsn K
2 u du= _7:___2 [K- E].
2nr
0 0
oo K
561.07 Je-P 1 {[f0 (r t)J2- 2r t]0 (r t) ] 1 (r t)}dt =__l!_Jdn2 udu =__l!_E.
nr nr
0 0
Laplace Transforms. 251
oo K
561.08 J t e-Pt []1 (r t)J2 dt =

2
2~ n J 6
cd 2 u du= 2 ~n [K- E].
0 0
oo
561.09 J t2 ne-Pt Un (r t)] 2 dt = ( ~ r+l F( 2: : 1/ 2 )
V
J
K
cd2n u du'
[See 320.05.]
o 0
where r is the garmna function and k2 is given in 561.04. .
00
562.01 Jt e-Pt I 0 (r t) 11 (r t) dt = - -:-- 2

nrp(p - 4r)
fj2 E + (4r2- p2) K]
0
where k=2rjp, P2 =f=4r 2 , and J'l' is the modified Bessel function of the
first kind of order y.
00
562.02 Je-Pt I 0 (t) j!_ = 2K ,

0
Vt Vn(P+ 1)
[k = 2rjp.]
00
562.04 Je-Pt [1 0 (r t)] 2 dt = ~, [k = 2rjp; R.P. (p) > IR.P. (2r) I].
o np
oo 2n
562.05 Je-Pt []1 (t)] 2 dt=--e_+-
1 j"(1+cosß)VP 2 +2-2cosßdß.
t2
l
2 2n
o o [See 290.58.]
00
Je-Pt ] 0 (rt) ] 1 (s t) dt = ~ [1- A 0 (ß, k)]

563.01 0 s
= -sn {n- 2 [E F(ß, k') + K E(ß, k') - K F(ß, k')]},
1
where
ß
=
.
sm
-1V1
2
[1 + V(p2 +p2+r2+s2 ]
r2 + s2)2 + 4p2 52 '
k 2 = [s2~pLr2+ V(P2+r2+s2)2+4P2s2] [r2-p2-s2+V(P2+r2+s2)2+4P2s2] •.

V
[p2+r2-s2+ (p2+r2+s2)2+4p2 52] [p2-r2+s2+ (p2+r2+s2)2+4P2s2] V
Hyperelliptic Integrals.
Introduction.
Definitions.
If
P (-c) = a 0 <" + a 1 -c"- 1 + a 2 Tn- 2 • • • +an= a 0 (-c- r 1) (-c- r 2) ... (-c- rn)
and R 1 [-c, VP(<)] isarational function of -c and of VP(<), the general

integrall
575.00
is calleda hyperelliptic integral when n is greater than four. lf the degree
of P (-c) is equal to 2p + 2, one can always obtain by means of a rational
transformation (e.g., -c=r1 +1ft) an equivalent integral in which the
radicand is of degree 2P + 1. Since the resulting integral will lead to
the same sort of transeendental functions as the original one, the nurober
p may be used to designate the class of the hyperelliptic integral.
(Integrals with p = 1 are elliptic integrals, while those where p = 0 are
elementary.)
Special cases of hyperelliptic integrals may appear in some trigono-
metric or J acobian form such as
575.01 H2 =!- .. R 2(sin2 -&) d-& ... _ _ _ ,

V(1 - cx1 sin2 -&) {1 - cx2 sin2-&) (1 - cx3 sin2-&)
or
575.02
Reduction of Hyperelliptic Integrals to three Types.

It is only necessary to consider the integral
575.03
1 This is a special case of an Abelian integral, that is, an integral of the form
f R (r, z) dr, where R (r, z) is a rational function of T and z, and z is an algebraic
function of r defined by f (r, z) = o.
Introduction. 253
since the general integral &75.00 can always be written as the sum of
an integral of a rational function and of an integral of the form given
in 575.03. The degree of the polynomial P is taken to be 2p + 1, i.e.,
P(r) = a 0 (r- r1 ) (r- r 2) ... (r- r 2 p+I)
-_ a 0 y2P+I + a1 y2P + a 2 y2P-I ... + a 2p+I·
The function R(r) may be broken into partial fractions so that

R(r)dr =f[Ao+Alr+A2r2+···] dr +
l f YP(r) YP(r)
575.041 +Elf (r- ;VP(r) + B2f( r - o:~2TYP(~l + ... +
l +Cf
1
dr
(r-o:l)YP(r)
+Cf
2
dr
(r-o:l)2VP(r)
.... +···+··· ,
where A 0 , A1 , A 2 , ... , B1 , B 2 , B 3 , ••. are constants and r:x, r:x1 , r:x 2 , ... are
poles of the rational function R(r). Any hyperelliptic integral can thus
be expressed linearly in terms of two general non-elementary integrals
given by
575.051 T;= f ;~:) [m, z. . are m t egers, mc u mg zeroJ

. 1 d"
Am(r,ß) = f(r~ß~~VP(~)-,
with
When ß is a root of P (r) = 0, vne has
575.07 l
}.m(r,ß)
X
l
=f(;~ß~;VP(~) =
_VP(r)
(r-ß)m
1 .. - -
TL
,
2P
-(1=
..
(2m-j-1)_p(i+I)
2(j+1)!
2~fP'(ß) X
dr
(ß)f(r-ß)m-jVP(r)
J
'
l 1~1
where (.
p7l(ß)=-~P(r).
i
If, however, ß is not a zero of P(r),
dr 1
Am(r, ß)-
- 1
2(1- m) P(ß)
rl(r=-ß)iii=-i-
2VP(r)
+
575.08
254 Hyperelliptic Integrals.
l
For I';,, we have
r i =
JVi>-(T)-
ridr =
1
-(ii ~ 2p + 1) a0 X
575.09
~ (2i- 2P- j + 1) ai J ~;(~; J.
2P+l . .
x [2-ri- 2 P VP(-r)-
The integral I';, may be divided into two types: p integrals of the form
J-v--p~-r_(~-)·,
,
J-•dr__
Vi>-(r) ,
J Vi>(r)
r dr 2
' ... '
J•P- 1
dr
VP (•) '
and the p integrals
rP dr J rP~_ d-r__
J VP(r) 1 J'!~+:q-r__ J •p=~d--r__
' V.P(r) ' VP(r) '· · ·' VP(r) ·
Integrals of the first set, which are everywhere finite on the two-sheeted
Riemann surfaces, are called integrals of the first kind, while those of the
latter set, which possess only algebraic discontinuities at the point
T = =, are referred to as integrals of the second kind.
There exists another type of hyperelliptic integral called an integral
of the third kind. Such integrals have a logarithmic infinity. If ß is
not a zero of P (-r), the integral
f (r- ß)
dr
VP(r)
is of the third kind. [If the polynomial P (-r) is of degree 2p + 2. the
integral
Iv~~~
is also an integral of the third kind.J
Hyperelliptic Integrals which Reduce to Elliptic Integrals.

For the evaluation of hyperelliptic integrals, one must usually resort
to direct numerical integration or to the use of complicated series
expansions. Many hyperelliptic integrals which occur in physical and
geometric problems, however, may be reduced to elliptic integrals or
the sum of elliptic integrals and can therefore be evaluated more simply.
Some important examples follow.
An example of a hyperelliptic integral which readily reduces to
elliptic integrals is
575.10
Hyperelliptic Integrals which Reduce to Elliptic Integrals. 25 5
By writing R(r)=2R1 (r 2 l+2rR 2 (r 2) and making use of the sub-

stitution r 2 = t, we immediately obtain
575.11 h
1
-j
- Va (t + ;
0
. R 1 (t) dt
1) (t+ r 2 ) (t +r3 ) t
+J--..·
Va + 0 (t
R 2 (,_,t)_d_t _ __
r 1 ) (t +r 2) (t +r 3) '
where the two integrals on the right are treated in 230 to 267. Three
special cases of 575.10 are the integrals
575.12 h =JR(r)dr
V h. =f-vR~~)~~ .
3
T
6
- 1 , 1 + ,s
[See 576, 577 and 578.]
The more general integral
n
575.13 h = JR(r) JI (r- ri)"; dr,
i~l
m
where .Z: fli is an integer but eachfli is not an integer, furnishes numerous
i~l
other examples of integrals which are reducible to simpler integrals 1 .
For any arbitrary integers n and n', the following integrals reduce to
those of class p = 1, i.e., to elliptic integrals:
h5 = J V-(r--;;
R(r)
(r--=.-rtl"(r- r 2 )w
3
)"-F"' -dr, for m = 3, 4, 6, 8;
h 6 =jR(r)V("r-r1)~t!~---r2 )n dr, for m=3,4,6,8,12;

(r- r3)2n
h7 = JR(r) -")/(r- r 1 ) 2 n (r- r 2 )m-in (r- r3 )mdr,

2
for m=3,4,6,8,12;
hlO =JR(r) 2_ml/ (r -=_1'l)m (r- ri"' (r- r3)2n~ d T'

(r-r.)2n
for m=2,3,4;
hn =jR(r) v(r- ~n(r -_r2) ' ' dr for m = 3, 4;
(r- r3 )n (r- r4 )n '
hl2 = JR(r)2"'f(r-rl)2n (r-r2)2n (r-r3)m-2n (-r:-r.)m 2ndr,

l for m=3,4,6,8,12.
1 See H. LENZ: Zurückführung einigerIntegrale auf einfachere. Sitzungsberichte
der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaft-
liche Klasse, No. 10, 1951, pp. 73-80.
The following integrals may also be reduced to elliptic integrals:
h13 =JR(T) V1=- 2d-,;. T1
hl4 JR [T, mv;.n=-rm] dT'

= for m=3,4,6,8;
575.15 h15 JR(T) V(am- Tm) (bm- T"') dT,

= for m = 3, 4;
hrs= JR[T, ya"'-T"', '1/bm-Tm]dT, form= 3, 4;
h17 = f R(T)
2VT~2-~2)m (r2 _ b2)2n
- - -(r2
-- - - --dT '
_ c2)2n for m = 2, 3, 4.
The integrals 575.10 and 575.12 are special cases of the more general
integral 1
which can be reduced to elliptic integrals if the six branch-points r 1, r 2 ,

r 3 , ... , r 6 form three pairs of points of an involution.
Table of Integrals.
The remainder of this scction will give a short table of some special
cases of the integrals mentioned in the above two pages. The integrands
of the integrals in this tablc will not be reduced to J acobian elliptic
functions as was done in the previous sections, but will only be trans-
formed to the simpler algebraic forms of those in 211 to 279.
lntegrands involving Vl--,; 6 , (O<Y;;;;; l)
dT = _dt_ y= Y2
2 Vt '
1f v~ ~6 = --~ fvt(id~ ~T = --;-vrF(1p. k) •

y y
576.00
fk2 = 2 - V3 , 1p = cos-1 (~JL:t_V3l Y~-)1 .

l 4 1 + (V3- 1) Y2 J
1 L. KOENIGSBERGER: Reduktion ultraellipt. Jntegr auf ellipt., J. f. Math. 67
{1867), p. 57.
lntegrands involving l'r6 - 1, ( 1 :::;; Y < :x). 257
\'
1 /' ·.· t2 dt = _1_ i1 _ j/ 1 _ ys, .

2, l1-t3 3.
0
[See 259.53.]
.r f1-=---r6
y
r· r/~'1 --dtt3
V
y2m+ld··'
576.03 1
2.
0 0
-J ~=-(~-
V 1
+J·.~2(0c df df,
1! 1 - t3 l1 - t3
0 y
!See 259.56 and 244.09.]
where R(r) = 2R1 (r 2 ) + 2T R 2 (r 2 ).
Integrands involving Vr 6 - I, ( I ;;;;; Y < =)
dr = - dt
21 Vt
CX)
j Vr
· dr
577.00 \ 6 _::_-;
where k2 = 2 + V3
4 '
577.01
577.02 [See 259.53.]

[See 259.]
where
Integrands involving VI + rs; (Y> 0)

dt
t dT y = Y2
T2 =
'
= -- -
2 Vt' ·
y y
578.00 f-dr__
V1+ r<~
= ~1 dt
Vt(1 +
2 t3 ) 2 v3 ' '
= - 1 -F(VJ k) [ cf. 260.50].
0 0
where k 2- 2 +
- - -- V3 -
lp-COS -1 [ 1 + (1 - V3J Y 2 J
4 ' 1+(1+V3lY2 .
J.v1
y y
[y---6 1
578.01
T> dr
+r6 =
1 ~-
-2. tt.+fl
dt
t2
=
1
3 1 + y -1 ..
0 0
[See 260.52.]
1-p_· [J~;'',, -/v',-~'- ]·

[See 244.07.]
+ ~2 lf
-y
1
!!_2(t)il}_
v1-t3
-f_!!_dt)
0
1
dtj'
v1-t3
[See 260 and 244.]
where
Integrands involving Va r + a r + a r + a r + a r + a r + a
0 6 1 5 2 4 3 3 2 2 1 0 ,
(O<Y;;:;;: 1).
+ _!__
2
J 00
[R1 (t) +
(t- 2) R 2 (t)] dt
v(t-2) [aot 3 +alt 2 + (az- 3ao) t+
(aa-2al)J
, [See ZSO.]
where R(r) is any rational integral function of r. In this case, R(r) =

Rl (t) +R2(t) Vt 2 - 4.
Integrands involving Va r + a r + a r + a r + a r + a + a
0 6 1 5 2 4 3 3 2 2 1 T 0 ,
(I<Y<oo)
y2+ 1
--=t,
1:
581.00
581.01
[See 250. J
581.02 <
- ~ l V(t-+;)r~~~1~)~~2~1~:~;~~)J:~~~=z~;f,
y
[See250.]
where R(r) is any rational function ofT, which in this case may be written
R(r) =R1 (t) -R 2 (t) 2 - 4. Vt
(O<Y~I)
1' y
582.00
/Vao;~+a:-i:6J~J:~4+ca~T2 +a0 ~ /v~~~s~{a~i4 -t-t4 t3 +~~iq~;t ·
=
[See 579 with the a's redefined.]

y y
582.01
/ y~;~+;~~6::~~+; 2 T2+ao ~ y;0 t4+-~;~3~; 4-t2+a~-~+-~o ·
= /
[See 250.]
( y
II Va~ T8+a2T:~T~ 4d; + a2T2+ a 0
l ~/fa0~5 +;~[2;~~;~~a2 t2 +a0 t + ~ / V~t4+~~~~+~~:+~:t+a0 '

582.02 ~ 0 y y
[See 250 for further reduction of tlw last integral, and 579 for the
second.l
where
Intcgrands involving V1 + r 8, (O<Y;; 1). 261
Integrands involving Va 0 r8 + a 2 r6 + a~~4-+ a 2 ~2+ ll~, (I < Y < =)
I r 2= t, dr = __cl_t_.r ,
2l' t
y = Y 2. I
[See 581 with the a's redefined.J
[See 250 for further reduction of the last integral, and 581 for the
second.] R(r) = R 1 ("r 2 ) + T R 2 (r 2 ).
Integrands involving VtT.fs, (0 < Y;;;;: I)
y =
Y4
...
+1
yi- '
J-TdT
y Y'
584.01
li1+r8
=_1_f_dt1_=·_1_Cll-1[1-}'_4
2 l/1+t4 4 1+Y4 '
f2f2] ·
0 V t
0 1
262 H yperelliptic Integrals.
584.02
[See 238.]
where
R(-r) = R [: (lff+2- Vt- 2)]
= Rl(t) + Vt + 2R2(t) + Vt- 2R3(t) + Vt 2 - 4 R4(t).
Integrands involving VI + -r 8, ( l< Y < oo)

Integrands involving V(1 - ~) (1 - n 4 ~), (0 < Y ~ 1 < 1/n). 263
= _!__ ln [(V2- 1){Y + vys + 1)].

y Y•
585.03 f Ta
1/ 1 +Ts
dT = __1_
4
f- 1d~2__
+t2
1/ 4
8
1 t 1 t 2
f
y
585.04 T
7
dT _ = _1_ [VY 8 + 1 _ vz- 1•
V1+T8 4
1
where
R(r)=R[~(Vt+2+Vt 2)]
= R 1 (t) + Vt + 2 R 2 (t) - Vt- 2 R 3 (t) - Vt 2 - 4R4 (t).
Integrands involving V(l-r 4) (l-n4r 4), (O<Y:;;;;I< 1/n)
t= 1~2:~, r= 2Vn [Vt+2-Vt-2], y= 1t2n~Y4

a =1 - - .
+n2
n
f V(1- ~) (1- n4~)

dT
+-1-J
0
586.00
= _1_J _dt
Vn V +
4 :v
00
(t 2) (t 2 - a 2J 4
00
Vn :v V(t -
~-. [See 238.]
2) (t2 - a2J
264 H yperelliptic Integrals.
586.01
586.03 .f,vi 1-__:_~.)~dr= ~.l'v 1 ;-~~:;i dl1 = ~ E[sin-l(Y2), n 2 J.

0 0
d I -'--
~See 238.J
where
R(r) =R[··· 1 1 ~(Vt+-2- Vt- 2J]

2~n
= R 1 (t) + Vt~ 2 R 2 (I) + Vt - 2R3 (t) + Vt2::= ~~R 4 (t) .
Integrandsinvolvingl/(l-r4 ) (l-n 4 r4 ), (0<1/n<Y<=)
t= 1 +n 2 -r4 T =
1 r - .-·-
•l/t- ?~ + 111-
,
?
·
y2 n 2 Vn r- l I .
·-' '
a =:::: 1 ± n2
n
J
y
dr
I . . .. - . - -·
}(1- r 4) (1- n 4 -r4)
Jv(t _
1/n
587.00 y
1 dt
= ,;.y~- 2) (ti _ a2)
a
Integrands involving V(1 + r 4j (1_+_n4 r4) -, (o < y;:;::; 1/Vn). 265
587.03
where
Integrands involving V(I + T 4 ) (I + n4 T4), ( 0 < Y;;;;; I JVn)

+ n2 ~
t =- 1----
nr
2
r4
'
"l" =
2 n
v1- [Vt + 2 - Vt- iJ,
b= n2-1 .
n
588.00 00 00
= ~1~J + ~1~J
dt -- -dt . [See 241.]
l
4Vn y V{t+zJ(t2+b2J 4Vn y V(t-2J(t2+b2J
J
y
R(T)dT
0
v(1 + rt) (1 + n 4 rl)
588.02
+J00[R~~2) RJI)l dt
v(l-2)(12+b2)
+J 00
[R 1 (t) + (1~2)~4 (1)] dt),
v(l+2)(12+b2)
y y
[See 241.]
where
Integrands involving V(I + r 4 ) (I + n4 r 4 ), ( tfVn < Y < oo)
• = 2 v; [VI+ 2 + Vt - 2 J , y
1+ n2 Y4
= ----;y2- '
n2 - 1
b= ~----.
n
J- V( +
y
dT
------------
1 T 4) ( 1 n 4 rl) +
589.00 1/Vn
=
1J
4 y; V(t-
y
dt
2) (12 + b2) -
1f
417~- v(t +
)'
dt
2) (12 + b2) ·
[See 239.]
2 2
Integrands involving fr ( 1 - r 2) (1 - n 2 r 2), (0 < Y:;:::; 1 < 1/n). 267
589.01
+fyJ!?tJt}_~~-=-;) Rg~l dt _ fylR 1 (~)+ (t+ 2) R4 (~] d~l'

v(t-2)(t2+b 2) . v(t+2)(t2+b2)
2 2
[See 239.]
where
R(•) =R[ 2 v;:; (vt+2 + 1/t-2)]

= Rl (t) + vT+ 2R2 (t) - Vt--2Ra (t) - Vt 2 - 4R4 (t)
lntegrands involving v-r (I - r 2) ( 1 - n2 r 2 )' (0 < y;;:;; 1 < 1/n)
rhT(' :_ ~'i;:_--;;>;;r ~ - +f +'y.);;. ~ (, + jl(t n)•] -
_ _1_
2Y
dt
1~V(t-zV;:;)[t2-(1+n) 2]
= ~- {K [ v;:; +
V~ Vz(1+n)
_1 l 1-
595.00
+ K [ V~(~ :~n) J - sn -1 V(1 ~ :) l ~ Vn n V:~!~rl-

Y) . ,
l -sn-l[_V(1~~~l/;:;n_1l, V~~!~~Jl}·
595.01
[i';(1 ~~~~:~-n2 T2)

[
595.02 { = 1_fjR1 ~}_±-c~~~Vn)}!!_(t)]dt_ + 1 r[R&H (t+_2_Vn)R (t)]dt

I
2
2y v~-=-2vn}[t2-(1+n)2] 2; V(t+2Vn)[t2-(1+n)2]'
l [See 238.]
where R(-r) = R[ 2~z (t- Vt 2 - 4n)j = R 1 (t) + Vt 2 - 4n R 2 (t).
lntegrands involving V-r (I - -r 2 ) (l - n 2 -r 2 ), ( 1/n < Y < CXJ)
d-c = 1_ [--1- . - -- __1___] dt.

T Vi 2 Vt _
2 v~ Vt
+ 2 v1~
596.00
V 1'
596.01 = 2 y;;1lV(t=:2 V1~)~;2 ~(~-+~z)~ +-2-{;;z 1J.l1 (t+;1;~)~i~-=0+11) 2:

= V20-~~)n {sn-1f(t-=;~:t;/~i·) l '-};(7{:;) l+
+ sn-1[ V(t~~)J~~ ;1l} , V~~ !~0']} _
J11-r(
1'
-- ----
R(r)dr
---- -
1-=--:r2w:_::·~-~2T"2)
J rlf(t
Ijn V
596.02 'V 1'
_ 1 [Rdt)+(t-2Vn)R 2 (t)]dt 1 [R 1 (t)+(t+2Vn)R 2 (t)]dt

- 2 I+n- V(~--= 211~~) [t 2 -=-(1-+n) 2] - 2 1-t:n- +~ lfn) u2 -(1_;~;) 2 j .
[See 239.J
where R(r) =R[L (t+ l/t -=--4n)] =R (t)- Vt2=4nR

2 1 2 (t).
t =
1 +---n - 1: 2
7: =
1 r
·lt -1;-------
t 2 -
-- •
4-nj ' '\! =
1 + n -}'2
T ' 2n- -· y- '
597.00
597.01
f
y
R(r) dr
Vr(1 + r 2 ) (1 +n 2 r 2)
=·1! +-1_!
0
597.02 00 00
[R 1 (tJ+(t-2V;;)R 2 (t)]dt [R 1 (tJ+(t+2V;;)R 2 (t)]dt,

2Y V(t-2Vn) [1 2 + (1- n) 2] 2 Y V(t+2Vn) [1 2 + (1- n) 2]
l [See 241.]
where R(-r) =R[ 2~ (t- Vt 2 -4n)j =R1 (t) + Vt 2 -4nR 2 (t).
Integrands involving V-r(I+-r 2 ) (I+n 2 -r 2 ), (1/(ri<Y<=)
t_- 1+nr
2
T '
-r -_ -1- [t
2n
+ vt ----l
- 4n2
'
_1+nY
y- - --
2
Y '
598.00
lntegrands involving V• (1 + r 2) ( 1 +n 2 T 2 ), ( 1/V~ < Y < oo). 271
!Yl/-
1/Vii
V + (1 r
•
2) ( 1 +n 2
--dr
r 2)
y y
598.01 = 2 V~-2 l V(t-2Vnl~:2 +(1-nJ•]+~2 l V(t+2V~l~:.+(1-n)•J

= .1 {sn-l[_2_(1+YVn~YYL1+n)__1_±_Vi_l +
2Vn(1+n) (HYVn) 2 +Y(1+n)' V2T1+n)
+sn_1 l2(1-YVn~_VY(1+n) [1-V~il}
(1-YVn) 2 +Y(1+n)' V2(1+n) .
r fyvr(1 +R•~~\t: n
j=-~_ Jy
2 r 2)
11Vn
598.02 + (t -2 VnlJ?~ (t)] dt

[R1 (t) _1_ j)'Jl?l_(tJ_±(~~~2~)]_d_t
2
2 y;; V(t-2Vn)[t2+(1-n) 2J 22 y;; V(t+2Vn)[t2+(1-n) 2J'
[See 239.]
where R(r) =R[ 1

2n (t + Vt2 =4n)j =R(t)- Vt -4nR (t).
1 2 2
Integrals of the Elliptic Integrals.
With Respect to the Modulus.
Indefinite Integrals.
[O<k<1].
610.01 jkKdk=E-k' 2 K, [cf. 530.01].
610.04 {J k 2 m-t3 K dk = - -1-

(2m+ 3)2
[4(m + 1) 2 J. k 2 m+l K dk -1-
'
+ k2"'+ 2 (E- 2mk' 2 K- 3k' 2 K)].
[O<k<1].
611.01 jkEdk=j [(1+k2)E-k'2K], [cf. 530.02~.
611.04 1!
X
k 2 m-t3 Edk =
J
- - · -1 - - - X
4m 2 +16m+15
{4(m + 1) 2 k 2 m+l Edk+ k2 "'+2[(3 k2 -1- 2mk' 2 )E -k' 2 KJ}.
With Respect to the Modulus. 273
. E
612.01 } -dk=kK '
k'2 [ cf. 530.03].
612.02 f ~ dk 1[k' = 2 K - 2E].
612.03 !~-
k4
dk = _1_3 [2 (k 2
9k
- 2) E + k' 2 Kl.
-
612.04 f~
k'2 dk = K- E .
6.12.08 j(K- E) kdk = + [(2- k2 ) E- 2k' 2 K].
- k - d k-
612.09 .{ ·E-k'2K - 2E- k '2 K.
612.10
.
{ (E - k' 2 K) k d k = _1_ [(10 - 2k 2 ) E - k' 2 ( 10
9
+ 3k 2) K].
612.11 f(E~~-~kK) 2-= 'k'2]{1_~-E ·
612.12 !( 1 _-±~K-E dk= -k' 2K.
612.14 Jll(n/2, rx k) k dk (k rx
2, = 2- 2) ll(n/2, rx 2,k)- K +E, [cf. 530.07].
612.15 J[K- ll(n/2, rx k)] k dk 2, = k 2 K- (k 2 - rx 2 ) ll(n/2, rx2 , k).
612.16 J[k~2 +ll(n/2,cx.2,k)]kdk=(k2 -rx2)ll(n/2,rx2,k).
613.01 jF(tp, k) kdk = E(q;, k) -k' 2F(tp, k) + [V1-=fi2sin q; -1] cotq;,

2
[ cf. 530.04].
jE(q;,k)kdk
613.02 l = j {(1 + k2) E(q;, k)- k'2 F(tp, k) -[1- lf1=-k sin tp] cotq;},
2 2
[cf. 530.05].
274 Integrals of the Elliptic Integrals.
613 •03 { JIl(cp, oc2, k) k dk = (k2 - oc2) Il(cp, oc2, k)- F(cp, k) + E(cp, k) +
+ [V1- k2 sin 2 q;- 1] cotq;, [cf. 530.06].
I
J [F(cp, k) - E(cp, k)] k dk
1
613 •04 =-}-- {(2 -k2) E(cp, k)- 2k' 2F(cp, k)+2[V1- k2sin2q; -1] cotrp}.
613.05 J[F(cp, k)- II(cp, oc2, k)] k dk = k2F(cp, k)- (k2-oc2) II(cp, oc2, k).
613.06 (J [E(cp, k)- Il(cp, oc2, k)] k dk = ~ {(3 - k' 2) F(cp, k) + (k 2 - 2) x
3
X E(cp, k)- 3 (k 2 - oc 2) Il(cp, oc 2, k) + 2[1- V1- k2 sin2q; j cotq;}.
Definite Integrals.
615.01 JKdk=2G,
1
1 1 1
[ G =---+--···+···~·91
12 32 52
59656 . l
0
1
615.02 JE dk = G + 1/2, [cf. 531.14:].
0
JK' dk = n /4,
1
615.03 2 [cf. 531.15].
0
1
615.04: JE' dk = n 2/8, [cf. 531.16].
0
615.05 J(K-nf2)k=nln2-2G,
1 dk
[cf. 531.17].
0
1 dk 1
615.06 J(E -n/2)k = 2 [2nln2- 4G + 2- n].
0
a: = 2ln 2-1.
1
615.07 J(E' -1)
0
f K ~~ = K (ß/2),
1
615.08 2 [cf. 531.01].

0
J
1
615.09 K r!_k_ = n 2/8 [cf. 531.18].

1+k '
0
[cf. 531.02].
J km K' dk Jkm-
1 1
615.11 m = (m -1) 2 E' dk, [m > 1].
0
Jkm K dk = (m Jkn-
1 1
615.12* m2 (m + 1) 2 -1) (m- 1) 2 K dk + m + 1.
0 0
1
615.13 j[K'-ln(4/k)]-dk 1
=- [24(ln2) 2 - n2 ] .
k 12
0
1 1
615.14 (m+2)jkmE'dk= (m+1)jkmK'dk, [m > 1].
0 0
1 00
616.01 jF(cp, k) dk = '.' (-

.L.J m
i·) 2m+
(- )m ! m(cp).
1
1
2 [See 902.00for lzm(cp).]
0
JE(cp, k) dk = L c:) ~= ~~ t m(cp).

1 00
616.02 2 [See 902.00 for t2 m(cp) .]

0
1
616.03 jF(cp, k) k dk = 1 --=-~C()~- [cf. 531.19].
smrp '
0
616.04
0
jlE(cp, k) k dk = _1
3
r~in2_1E__+_l_=cosrp
Sill 'fJ
l '
[cf. 531.20].
616.05 j o
1-cosrp
JII( cp, ("/. 2'k ) kdk = --.----
V+
smrp
- rxln 1 rt ~!l'P -
1 - r,t;SlllffJ
rx II(cp, rx 2, 0),
2 [cf. 531.21 and see lll.Ol ].
1
* A short 10-place table of (m + 1) f km K dk form=- .9 (.1) 2 may be found
0
in E. L. KAPLAN: 1v1ultiple Elliptic Integrals, Journal of Mathematics and Physics,
Vol.29, 1950, pp.69-75-
18*
With Respect to the Argument.

Indefinite Integrals.
[cf. 530.08].
630.02 J 'P
E ({}, k) df}
V~ --~~i.ll2fi =
[Fip_,/?)] 2 E
zK
+ }n EJ[F_(p_,lllJ
e (o) •
[cf. 530.10~.
0
where 8(0) = vx~~3', and @(u) is defined in the Appendix.
[cf. 530.12].
'F
630.04 J-Ao(~,k)~_ = ~1 -, {n[F(cp,k')J 2 +4KK'lne[F(tp,k')]}-.
0
V1- k' 2 sin2 ff 2n K V2k K'/n
JF({}, k) sin {} d{} =

'P
630.11 - coscpF(cp, k) + Tsin -I (k sincp).
0
JIl({}, oc
'P
2, k) sin {} d {}
0
630.13 = - coscp II( cp, oc , k) 2 + Vk2-rt.2

1 tan -lt·v 1-k"2~(1.2
-c:=== -- sm cpJ .f oc 2
sm2
--~~.
2
< k2
tp
. 1
-
--coscp II( cp,oc,
2 k) +--= 1
Vrt.2 _ k2
t anh-l[v··- (1.2- k2 - .
------~-smcp
1-k 2 sm tp
l·f
_
1 oc 2 > k2 .
2
I JA
'P
0 ({}, k) sin {} d{} = - coscpA 0 ((p, k) +
630.15 .
0
+ nk1_,-[(2E-K)sin- 1 (k'sincp) + k' Ksinrpj/1~F2sin2 ~].
\Vith Respect to the Argument. 277
630.21 1
JF(f}, k) cosf}df}
q>
0
. 1 _1
v-k
1-k 2 sin2 tp 1 _ ,
l
=smcpF(cp,k) + k cosh 72- -kcosh 1 (1/k).
630.22
J"'E(f}, !?) cos {} d{} = sin cp E(cp, k) + - 1- V
[kcoscp 1-k2sin 2cp-
V_1-k:,~in tp
0 Zk
- k' 2 cosh - 1 2 - k + k' 2 cosh - 1 ( 1/k')] .
I II({},
'I'
630.23 rt. 2 , k) cos{} d{} = sincpll(cp, rt.2 , k) -I+ /0 ,

0
where I is obtained from the expression in 361.58 on repiacing sn u by

sincp, cnu by coscp, and dnu by V1-k-2sin 2 cp; f 0 is the vaiue of I at
cp=O.
JZ ({}, k) cos{} d{}

qJ
0
630.24 = sincpZ(cp, k) + 1- [kK coscp ,~_.=-k 2 sin 2cp- k K +
2k K V'-
+(2E+k' 2K)cosh-1 (1/k')-(2E+k' 2K)cosh-1 ~;,~i~p].
J.A
qJ
1
0 ({}, k) cos{}d{} =sincpA 0 (cp, k) + -;:~7 X
0
630.25 x { k' K coscp V1-k' 2sin 2cp-k' K- [2E- (2+k 2) K] cosh -l (1/k)+
+ [2E - (2 + k 2) K] cosh - 1 V_1_~ k~2 2 sin2 'P}.
630.31 1/
0
F( {}, k) ß-=---:7?2 sin 2 {} d {}
= F(m k) E(m k) -
T' ''
[F (tp, k)] E
2K
2
-In El [F (tp, k)]
EJ(O)
qJ
630.32 JE({}, k) V1-_::_ k 2 s1D.2ßd{} = 1~_(~ k)]2.

0
JZ ({}, k) V1 -
qJ
630.33 k2 sin 2{} d{} = ~ [Z (cp, k)J2 + ~ In e [~((~/)]

0
IA qJ
0 (ß, k) f1=-kl2 sin2{} d{} = E(tp, k') Ao(tp, k) +

630.34 l 0
2
+ (E-K)F(tp,k')Z(tp,k') +2_(K-E)In El[F(tp,k')]

n n Vzk K'fn
lI
<p
630.41 ~~~~~2kl-dß = 27l~-.tr{ [F(q;, k)J2 K-
l
- 2 F(q;, k) E(q;, k) K + [F(q;, k)J2 E + 2K ln -~[F(cp, k)]}
0(0) .
f
<p
sin2 {} E ({}, k) d ß
630.42 o V1-k2sin2{}
=2li!K{[F(q;,k)] 2 E- [E(q;,k)J2K+2Kln °[F(cp,~)J}

0(0) .
_1_{-
<p
lI
630.43 f!i112{}Z ({}_-!;_)__ dß = [Z (q;, k)J2 + ~(Ji'-::- E) ln 0 [F (~]-}
o V1-k2sm2{} 2k2 K 6(o) .
<p
sin2{}Ao({}0l_dß= ... 1 _ n F 'l2_ ' '

630.44 V1-k'2Sifii6 2nk'2K'{ L (q;,k )J nE(q;,k )A 0.(tp,k)K --
-2 (E -K) F(q;, k') K' Z (q;, k') + 4K' E ln ° [F"(cp_,~')J_}.

V2kK'jn
<p
l
630.51 jJI(ß, IX2, k) d{},c:_cc-· = JII(cp, rx 2 , k)J2
0
(1- rx2 sin2 &) V1- k2 sin2{} 2
f
<p
cos 2 {}F({}, k) dß = _1
630.61 o V 1 - k2 sin2{} 2 k2"f{ X
X {2E(q;, k)F(q;, k) K -(E +k' 2K) [F(q;, k)]2-2Kln ° [F(cp_,_l:)JJ

0(0) ["
1f
<p
cos 2 {}E({}, k) dß = _ _l __ X
630.62 0 V1-k 2 sin 2{} 2k 2 K
l
x{k' 2[F(q;, k)J2E- [E(q;, k)J2K + 2k'2Kln °[F(cp,k)J}
0(0) .
<p
630.63
f 5:_~2_~Z(IJ,
o V1-k2sin2f}
~ dß
= -1 -{[Z(q;,k)J2K+2(E-k'2K)ln °[F(cp,k)J}
2~K 0(~ ·
f
( <p
co~ 2 1JA 0 ({}, k) dß .
J V 1- k 2 sin2{}
630.64lo= 2nk~2K' {nE(q;,k')Ao(tp,k)K'-nk2[F(q;,k')J2+

+ 2 (E- K) K' F(q;, k') Z (q;, k') + 4 (K- E) K' ln (.) [Fjcp,_k'Jl}.
V2kK'jn
With Respect to the Argument, 279
630.71 f Fv, k)
<p
sinf} cosf} d{} = -\

1 - k2 sm2f) k
[~- F(~, k) V1 - k2 sin 2 ~ ].
0
1f
<p
A 0 (1J, k)!in&cosf} d{} = -~ _X
630.74 . v1-k'2sin2f) nk' 2
0
x [- :n:A 0 (~, k) V1-k' 2sin 2 ~+(2E-k' 2 K) ~+k' 2 K sin ~ cos~].
Definite Integrals 1 •
Ju sn u dn udu
K
633.01 = +sin-1 k, [ cf. 630.11].
0
K
633.02 jE(u)snudnudu= [kk'+sin- 1 k], [ cf. 630.12].
l
:!__
2k
0
JII(u rx)snu dnudu=--

K
'
2 1 --ta_n _1
;---2 ---2
1;/____ _
I
k2 -
k'2
-
cz2
'
633.03 0 p - (1;
= V1X;~~k2 tanh -1 v~2~k2-, if rx2 > k2, [cf. 630.13].
l
633.04 jZ(u)snudnudu= 2\ [kk'+(1- ~)sin- 1 k], [cf. 630.14].
0
K'
JA 0 (amu1 , k) smt1 dnu1 du 1 = -n 1k , 1(2E-
~
K) sin-1 k' + k k' K],
633.05 ° [cf. 630.15].
[d{} = V1- k' 2 sin 2 {}du1 , {} = am(u1 , k')].

1 See 800 ior other such integrals.
K
633.06 J ucnudnudu =K- ~ cosh-1 (1/k'), [cf. 630.21].
0
~2
+ 211
K 1
633.07 jE(u) cnudnudu = E- 2 cosh- 1 (1/k'), [cf. 630.22].
0
633.08 f udu=-
K
K2
2 '
[cf. 630.01].
0
633.09 f E(u) du= -2

K
E·K- -In vPk', [cf. 630.02].
0
K
633.10 J Z(u) du= ln (V1fk'), [cf. 630.03].
0
2 -+ln k',
633.12 J udn 2 udu=-
E·K Vk' [cf. 630.31].
0
K
633.13 J E(u) dn 2 udu = 2E2 , [cf. 630.32].
0
K
633.14 J Z (u) dn 2 u du= ; ln (V1/k'), [cf. 630.33].
0
JA (amu
K'
0 1, k) dn 2 ~du1 = ~' +~ (K -E) 1n(V1fk),
633.15 \
° [cf. 630.34].
[dß = V1- k' 2 sin 2 ßdu1 , ß = am(u1 , k')].
K
633.16 Jusn 2 udu= 2 ~ 2 [(K-E)K-ln(k')], [cf. 630.41].
0
K
633.17 jE(u)sn 2 udu= 2 ~ 2 [(K-E)E-ln(k')], [cf. 630.42].
0
K
633.18 jZ(u)sn 2 udu= (~ 2-:_l_ln(V1fk'), [cf. 630.43].
0
With Respect to the Argument. 281
K'
JA + 4Eln(V1/k)],
633. I9 1
0 (amu1 , k) sn 2 u 1 du1 = 2 n\, 2. [n(K'- E')
° [cL 630.44].
[dß = V1- k' 2 sin 2 ßdu1 , ß = am(u1 , k')].
f
K
633.20 II(u, oc2)
2 2
du= [IJ(oc2,_k)J2 r f
Lc •
630 •51] .
1-ocsnu 2 '
0
J
K
633.21 u cn 2 u du= 2: 2 [(E- k' 2 K) K + ln (k')], [cf. 630.61].

0
K
633.22 jE(u) cn 2 udu = -1
2 2 [(E -k' 2 K) E +k'2Jn (k')], [cf. 630.62].
0
K
633.23 jZ(u)cn 2 udu= (E-;2k:K) ln(J/1/k'), [cf. 630.63].
0
JA
K'
0 (amu1 , k) cn 2 u 1 du1
633.24 1° = 2 n\,
72 [n (E' ~ k 2 K') +-~(K- E)~ (Vi!k )] , [cf. 630.64],
[dß = yt- k' 2 sin 2 ßdu1 , ß = am (u 1 , k')].
Ju snu cnudu
K
633.25 = 2: 2 [n- 2k' KJ, [cf. 630.71].
0
JE(u) sn u cn u du= 4:
K
633.26 2 [(1 + k' 2) n- 4k' E], [cf. 630.72].
0
K
633.27 jZ(u)snucnudu= 4 ~ 2 [(1+k' 2 )- 2: ] . [cf. 630.73].
0
Derivatives.
With Respect to the Modulus.
Differentiation of the Elliptic Integrals.
dK E-k' 2 K (3k 2 - 1) E + k'2(k'2- k2) K
710.00 -dk = k k'2 ;
_!!"__!! _ n [(2m !)]2_p (_1_ m _1_ m m. 2)

+ ' 2 + '1+ ' k
710.01 ! d(k 2 )m - 2(m!) 3 16m
= _(:"m)_._
I
j
K
2
sd 2 m u du, [See 318.05.]

4 m!
0
where F is the hypergeometric function.
1 dK
710.02 ri_E_ = ~ K_.
dk k ' k dk
_dmE = n(tJm(- tlm F(-~ +m' _ ~ + m ' 1+ m·' k2)

l
d(k2)m 2(m!) 2 2
710.03 K
=--~[(Zm-z)!J_j_sn<J_m_u_du [See355.01 withP=O.]
4m(m-1)! dn2 m- 2 u '
0
where F is the hypergeometric function.
710.04 _d (E-k' 2 K)=kK.

dk
d kE
710.05 -dk (E- K) = - J12 .
710.06 _d_ Z (m k)
dk ,,
= - _(E=}t_2 K)_!_(fP_.~)
kk' 2 K
+ k E sinqo cosqo
V . .
k' 2 1 - k 2 sin 2 qo K
710.08 see 318.05.].

710.09 _d-
dk
E(m
,,
k) = ~(tE, k) ~ F__(Pc_k)_
k .
710.10 __rl"'__
d(k2)m
E ( k) __
cp, -
J
2 [(2m-2)!]
4m(m-1)!
sn mu
Ju,dn2m-2udu,
2
0
[q;=amu1 ; see 355.01.].
8~II(cp, IX
1
2, k)
710.12
= k
k'2(k2=-2)-
[
E(cp, k)- k'2 II(q;, IX2, k)- Vk21-Slll_q:>_COS_tt
. 1.
IX 2 2
k sm q:>
rB8k j ('-=_-oc' ,in'D~~i --V,in<ii c- -~~' ~ i(ocC::Cij (:' -k')' k'' X

710.13 { o X { (k2- 1X2) k' 2F(q;, k) + (1X2 k' 2- 21X2 k2 + 2k2) E(cp, k) +
+ (21X k 2 + IX 3k k' II(cp, IX k) +
I+ 2 4 - 2)
[(21X2k 4 - 2k4~ ~4 ~+ IX2k 2 (1X2k'2- 21X2 k2 +zk 2) sin 2q:>] sintpcosq:>}.

2 2,
l (1 -1)(2 sin2q:>) v1- k2 sin 2q:>
Differentiation of the Jacobian Elliptic Functions.

o dnu
+ k' +k
710.50 8k(amu) = ki/2 [ - E(u) 2 u 2 snucdu].
710.51 a8k(snu) =}!nkuk~~u- [-E(u)+k' 2 u+k 2 snucdu].
o (dn u )
7 I 0.53 8k k sn ?
= -------- u cn u [ E (u )
1 2- - k' 2 u - d n u tn u J.
710.54 8
8 k (tn u) = ll5-lk~~ [k' 2 u - E(u) +k 2 sn u cd u].
8 k (csu) =~skus:-u [E(u) -k' u-k snucdu].

710.55 8 2 2
8 (
710.56 8knsu es u ds u [E( u
) =-Tk'
2
J
) - k' 2 u- k2 snuc d u.
8 tn tt dc u
710.57 8k (nc u) -kk' 2- [k' 2 u-E(u) +k 2 sn~tcdu].
284 Derivatives.
csunsu
710.58 oak (ds u) = ~- [E(u)- k' 2 tt- k 2 dnutn~t].
a ( ) + k2d nutnu].
u [k' 2 u- Eu
cd und ···
710.59 -- (sd u) = -kl12
ok
a
710.60 -·- (dc u) = ~unc_1-t_
k
[k'2u- E(u)].
ok
a
710.61 8k (cdu) = 8 ~_1-t_!ld_1-t_
k
[E(u)- k' 2 u].
710.62 _il_(ndu)
ok
k sd u cd u k
=~2-[ ' 2 u-E~t
( ) + d nutnu].
The J acobian elliptic functions are not only a function of k but of
the argument u which also depends on the modulus. In order to obtain
the total derivative with respect to the modulus, one may proceed, for
example, as follows:
d a a [dn (u, k)]
+ a:U du
di = - k sn 2 und u
dk [dn (u, k)] = 8k [dn (u, k)]
With Respect to the Argument.

Differentiation of Elliptic Integrals.
d 1
730.00 7ir;F(rp, k) = Vt-.::.12 si~~~ .
730.01 d~E(rp, k) = V1- k2 sin2rp.

730.02 _cl_JI(rp, IX 2, k)
dtp v1-
= - - . ___ _1--=c- _ _
(1- cx.2 sin2cp)
_
k2 sin2tp
.
730.04
Differentiation of the Jacobian Elliptic Functions.

731.00 _il_ (amu) = dn u.
ou
731.01
a
"(snu) =cnudnu.
uu
With Respect to the Argument. 285
8
731.02 - (cn u) = - snudnu.
8u
731.03 ~ (dnu) = - k 2 sn u cn u .
8u
8
731.04 - (ns u) = - csudsu.
8u
8
731.05 ~~ {nc u) = tnu dcu.
8u
8
731.06 - (ndu) = k 2 sd zt cd u .
8u
8
731.07 ---· (es u) = - dnuns 2 u.
8u
8
731.08 -- (sd u) =cnund 2 u.
8u
731.09 ~ (dsu) = - cnuns 2 u.

8u
731.10 ~ {tnu) = ncudcu.

8u
8
731.11 - (cdu) = - k' 2 snund 2 u.
8u
8
731.12 - (dcu) = k' 2 snunc 2 u.
8u
Differentiation of the Jacobian Inverse Functions.

732.00 ~am~ 1 (rp,k) = ---~==-, [0 < rp < n/2].
d 'P V1 - k2 sin 2 'P
732.01 d sn~ 1 (y,k) [0< y< 1].

dy
732.02 },y cn ~I (y, k) [0< y< 1].
1
732.03 ;Ydn~1 (y,k) [k' < y< 1].
- vr1 _ y2) (;;--=lli2f ,
1
732.04 tn~ 1 (y, k) [0< y< =J.
d
dy V(1+-y2j (1-cc+=k,cc-2c-y2-) ,
1
732.05 d_ nc1 (y, k) [=>y>1].
lf(y2- y2) '
~----
dy 1f(k2+~k'2
286 Derivatives.
732.06 _j_ nd -1(y, k) = --~---1__---.~·, [-;, > y > 1]'

dy v(y2 ~ 1) (1 ~ k'2 y2)
1
732.07 _j_ dc- 1(y, k) [oo>y>O].
dy v(y2 ~ 1) (y2 _ k2) '
732.08 _j_sd- 1(y, k)

dy
-
v(1- k'2 y2) (1
1
+ k2 y2) ,
[o < y< ;, ] ,
1
732.09 _j_ns-1 (y, k) [y > 1 >k].
dy - lf(y2- 1)(y2:_ k2) '
1
732.10 ddy ds-1(y,k) [y >k' >0].
= - v(y2 _ k'2) (y2 + k2) ,
1
732.11 -;/Y cs-1(y, k) [oo>y>O].
v(1 + y2) (y• + k'2) ,
1
732.12 cd -1 (y, k) [0< y< 1].
ddy
V(1 ~ y2) r1 ~ k2 :Y•J ,
With Respect to the Parameter.

Differentiation of the Normal Elliptic Integral
l
of the Third Kind.
0 II( 2 k) - 0 VI v.- VI 1
an a;- = ~2- = 2~2(1- ()(•J (0(2- k•J x
u, rt., -
733.00 X [r~.2E(u) + (k2-r~.2) u+ (rt.4-k2)JI(u, rt.2, k)- ()(4snuc~_udnul,
1 ~ 0(2 sn 2 u
[rt.2 = n].
733.01
733.03 l
-
oi II(u,
on1
=
2
rt.,
. 1 __sn
k)
u du
2i
(J)J(1-()(2sn2u)i+l
=
.
_{7)_!_
(~•/~()
j
_ 1 Y+iV
y+l(j-y)!(y)!'
.
(J)!
where
v+l =
Y
J du
(1- ~ 2 sn2 uf+ 1
is given by 336.
With Respect to the Parameter. 287
Differentiation of Other Elliptic Integrals.
[See 336.]
735.01 [See 337.02.]
735.02 [See 362.18.]
735.03 [See 362.19.]
735.04 7 l; J+= ~!::::du= J-(~~~2~s~h)2 - oc~ J(1 ~n:;s!:u)2 ·

[See 362.15 and 337.02.]
Miscellaneous Integrals and Formulas.
While most of the integrals in the previous sections have at least
one variable upper limit, both of the limits of integration of the integrals
given here are fixed.
!J
b K
ln(bsnu)du= 1[
-Kln (/
ln(t)dt 1! ___ ) , ·.
800.01
- -=c==c==
V(a2 _ t2) (b2 _ f2)
=-
a aL
lab -:n:K/4],
0 0
l
kz = b2 ja 2 , (a > b > o).
b K
ln (t) dt k - k r -
=--- _c- = --fln (bcn u) du= --1Kln("fa b)- :n; K /4],
1 •
800•02 J + f2) (b2 _

------=----=ccccc·
l
lf(a2 t2) b b,
o o k2=b2/(a2+b2).
a K K
800.03 b
J lntdt
----e"''- .cJ)c___ _
V(a2- t2) (t2- b2) ao a
1
=-jln(adn- u)du=--{ln(bndu)du
1
o
= : [Kln(lf~b)]; k2= (a2 __ b2 )Ja 2 , a > b > 0.
where
800 ·05 l1
a
oo
V(t2 _
ln (f) d f
------------c:=---
a2) (t2 _ b2)
1
a
0
K
• 1
= -} ln (ansu) du =-rKln(Va b) + n K /4],
a'
-
a>b>O, k 2 =b 2 ja 2 •
1 •
oo K K
800.06 1J
b V _ In (t) dt
(t2 +
___ =
a2) (t2 - b2)
'!.j1n (bncu) du= kJln(Va2+b2 ds u)du
ao ao
= ~[Kln("(ab)+:n:K 1 /4]; b>O, k2 =a 2 /(a2+b 2 ).

Miscellaneous Integrals and Formulas. 289
where
I = - 2Kln !2 [F(A, k)] if 0< 01. 2 < k2 •
V2!i'K/:n: ' '
= nF(ß, k') + Kln (k'jk) + :n::~- ~C!t,k')]~-
- 2K ln EJ [F~,qJJ_ if k 2 2 1
V2kK'/11: ' < 01. < .
A =sin- 1 (a~./k), ß=sin-1 V0-a~. 2 )/k' 2 , and ln @(u) is given in the Ap-
pendix.
801.01
0
I ln (sn u cn u) du= - K ln (Vk2jk1 ) - n K'/2.
801.02 I ln (sn u dn u) du= K ln (Vk'jk)- n K'/4.

0
801.03
0
I ln (cn u dn u) du= K ln (Vk' Jk)- n K'/4.2
Jln (cn u sd u) du == K ln (1/k) -

K
801.04 n K'/2.
0
801.05
0
I ln (1 + dn u) du= K ln (lfk) + n K'/4.
I ln (1- dn u) du= K ln (Vf)- )n K'/4.

K
801.06
0
801.07
•
0
f ln [_1_-t!:_~ll_Zt_] du= n F(sin - a, k'),
1-adnu
1
K
801.08
0
.f snucnuln(dn u)du=;k [(1-lnk')k'-1].
2

290 Miscellaneous Integrals and Formulas.
K
801.09 J sn 2 u In (dn 2 u) du = ; 2 [(k 2 - 2 +In k') K + (2- In k') E].
0
801.10 J dn 2 u In (dn 2 u) du= (2- k2 ) K +(In k'- 2) E.

0
K
80l.ll J ln (1- k sn 2 u) du= 4'-In [2 (1- k)/VJ?]- n K'/8.
0
K
801.12 Jln(1+ksn 2 u)du= ~ln[2(1+k)/Vk-]-nK'/8.
0
K
802.01 J cotan - 1(IX dn u) du = ~-F [cotan-1(IX k'), k].
0
K
802.02 Jtan- 1 (1Xdnu) du= -~F ltan-1 (1X), k].
0
2K
802.03 J usn 2 udu = } 2 K[K -E].
0
2K
802.04 J u cd 4 udu = 2 ~- [(2 + k2 ) K- 2(1 + k2 ) E].
3k
0
2mK
802.05 J amudu = m 2 nK, [m an integer including zero] .
0
Jam u sn u d u =
2mK
802.06 (- 1)mmn I n
--~~:-- [(1 - k)j k ' J .
0
Jamusnucnudu=
K
2E-nk'
802.07 2 k2 , [cf. 348.00].
0
Jam u sd u cd u du
K
n-2k'K
802.08 = - ---~- [cf. 348.01].
2k2 k' '
0
2K
802.09 J u nd 2 u du= ~f,2E .
0
2K
802.10 Jund 3 udu = ___3 __ [1 +k' 2 ]K.
2k' 3
0
Miscellaneous Integrals. 291
2K
802.11 Jund 4 udu= 32k~4 [2(1+k' 2 )E-K].
0
K
802.12 J u sn u cnund udu =- } 2 Kin Vk'·
0
K
802.13 Jucnudsudu=: K'+KlnVJi.
0
n/2
804.01
.
{ In[·~+~~~-] ~=d-~_--ccc~ =
1~smf} Va2sin2ff~b2
!!_
a
K(bfa), a > b > 0, [cf. 285].
sin- 1 (bfa)
804.03
a >b >0.
J v1
(X)
804.04 sinf}df} -=K.

f} ~ k 2 sin 2f}
0
804.05 J-V 00
f}
sinff!-_f!___
1 ~ k2 cos 2f}
= K.
0
f J0!!~~~~i~q = k~
00
804.06 [E- k' 2 K].

0
804.07 J_si~~V1~k2sin2f}
00
df} = E.
0
804.08 I _si~ V
00
1 -;; k2 cosi!ß: d {} = E.
0
804.09 .r"" sin f} costf V1=712Shi2f}. df} =

f}
_1__ [( 1
3 k2
+ k2) E- k' 2 K].
0
19*
804.10
0
Jsin&cos&V;---k2~:& df} =
3 ~ 2 [(2k 2 - 1) E + k' 2 K].
00
804.11 rx.J·· -- +--- ti,ß__ ,~

&2) V1 - k2 sin2-&
= coth rx.II(n/2,- csch2 rx., k), rx.2 =l= o.
(C1.2
o [See 400.]
806.01
or
f v1- k
( n/2
2 si:rl2-ß cos 2mß d {}
806.03 ° 00 .
(- 1)m+t n "\' (2j- 1)! (2j -- 3)! k 21
= ----2---~ 42 (j-l) (j- m)! (j +
m)! (j- 1)! (i -- 3)!
J~m
or
IJv1-
0
k 2 sin 2 ß cos 2mßdf} = K- [ 4~~ + k 2] ;:n2 u du+
0
J ,' [4m2(4m2-22) + -----

4m2k2]JKsn 4 u du -
806.04 4! 2!
J
0
K
_ [4m2 _(!_m 2 - :t? (4m 2 -~- + _4m (4m: 1-2
22) k 2 ] sn6 u du+
0
+ ··· to m +2 terms. [See 310.]

.Miscellaneous Integrals. 293
f V
Jt/2
sin (~~)~1_'}-~-~
1 - k 2 sin 2 {}
_( f smtdu- f
0
K K
(2m+ 1) [(2m+ 1)2- 12]
- 2m+1) ---- }T ~ sn 3 udu+
806.05 0 0
K
+ -~11' + 1) [(2m+ 1)2- 12] [(2m+ 1)2- 32] Jsn5 u du-·
5!
0
-- · · · to m +1 terms. [See 310.]
r!" 12
sin 2m{} d{}
I V1 ·- k
0
2 sin 2 {}
J J
K K
806.06 = - 2;;- d(dnu) + 2111 ( 4 ~:;
3 22
) (1- dn 2 u) d(dnu)-
f
0 . 0
K
-
2m(4m 2 -- 2 2) (4m2 -- 4 2)
---- 5 1-k 6 - - ---- (1- dn 2 u) 2 d (dnu) + ··· to m terms.
0
f
n/2
807.02 d{}
Vsin{}(1- k2 sin2 {})
0
where
where k 1 and k 2 are defined in 807.02.
808.01
where
294 Miscellaneous Integralsand Formulas.
808.02\_[v [(t- a) 2 + :~~ ~(t- + b~]

b) 2
= 2 -[aK(k)+ b1 (b-2 a)fY.2 II(rx 2 ,k)], [a=f=b, b1 >b 2 >0],

Vg bl b2 b2 k g
where k and g are given in 808.01 and
rx2 = k2 b2 (b2 - g bt)

(a- b) 2 •
808.03
where k is given in 808.01.
where
I p
m-,
, (x) = 1
n
J-[x+Vx
- __
n
2
d_&_~_
-1cos1J]i-m
810.00 )l 0 K
= ~(x + Vx2~t-kf dn 2 m ~t du, [m is an integer; see 314.05.]
where k2 = 2 [ x Vx 2 =-1+ 1- x 2 ], (x > 1); and Pm-~ (x) is Legendre's

function.
ico
811.01 K= _1___1' T(-tf_t)T(t+t)T(=t)(:--k2)tdt
4in. T(1+t) '
-ioo
where the path of integration is indented so as to separate the poles

at t=0,1,2, ... from those at t=-t-n, (n=0,1,2, ... ); andTis
the gamma function.
811.02 E = _1_
4in.
f !Jt +
ico
t) T(- {::_±_t)I_'(- t)(:-- k2)t_dt
T(1+t) '
-ioo
Miscellaneous Formulas. 295
where the path of integration is chosen so that the poles at t = - ~ - n,

t =~-n , (n = O, 1, 2, 3, ... ), lie on the left of the path and the poles
at t = 0, 1, 2, ... lie on the right.
812.01 (a > b >c)
where the integration is taken over the surface of the sphere x 2 + y2 + Z2 = 1,

and where tp=sin-1 V(a 2 -c 2)/a 2 : k2 = (a2-b2)/(a2-c2).
1 1
812.02 K = _ 1_JJ dtdT

2:n: (1 - k2tT)VtT(1 - t)(1 - T)'
o o
813.01 [ef. 163]
where
k1 = 2Vk, sin(2{)-tp)=ksintp,
1+ k
k m -- 2 Vk m - 1
,sln2
. ({) _ {) ) - . {)m-l'. (m=2,3,.···,n.
k m_l s1n )
1 +km - 1
m m-l -
where k1 , km are defined in 813.01.

Formulas 813.01 and 813.02 lend themselves readily to numerical
computation when k is large. For small modulus, however, the following
two formulas work more rapidly.
814.01 F(
tp,
k) = (1 +k 1) (1 + k2) (12n+ k 3 )··· (1 + k n ) F(lPn' k)n' [ef. 900.02J
where
Vi - V
+ V1 - k m -
k m -- 1 - k-:"- l
2
t
,an (lPm -lPm- l ) - - 1- k 2m-l t anlPm-l'
1 1
(m = 2, ... , n)
k1 = 1-
1 + Vi
V1=fi2
- k2 '
tan(lPl - tp) = V1 - k 2 tantp.
l
E(rp k) =F(rp k) [1- '::_

'
(1 + !'!_. + kl + ~k2ka + .. ·)] +
k2
v-k 2 sin + v--

' 2
+ ···],
2 2 2
814.oz
+ k [V--
___!!1._ sin
2
111+ ___!!_
"1'1
1
22
k k 2 ka sin
111
"1'2
1
23
111
"1'3
where k1 , km etc are given in 814.01.
2F(rp, k) = F({}, k),

815 01
. 12E( k) =E({} k). 2k
3 . 3
Sill
-
q:>cos<pV1-k
---2---;2-
Sill q:>
[cf. 116.01]
rp, ' --t- 1- k 2 sin 4 q:> '
where
816.00
where k = cos Y - i sin 1' is complex; 0 :;;;;;: y ;;;;;: n.

2 2
Developments of the Elliptic Integrals.
Complete Elliptic Integrals of the First and Second Kind.
l
K(k) =K
r
= -~- [1 + _1_ k2 + _()___ k4 + ~ k6 + -~2~ kS + _3969_ kiO + 0 0 0 ]
900000 2 4 64 256 16384 65536
= ~ f _(t~~~~m
m~o
k2m = ~F(t, t; 1; k2)' [k2< 1]
where F is the hypergeometric function (cfo 118.02).
00
900.01 K(k) = _'!__ (1 + k) '\;' (t)m (tl_,.._ k2m,

2 1 ~ m!m! 1
m~o
where kl = (1 - k')/(1 + k').
900002 K(k) = -~ rr
00
m=l
(1 +km),
where k1 = (1- k')/(1 + k'), km+l = (1- k~)/(1 + k~), k~ = lfi=--k;; 0
where P2 m (cos {}) is Legendre's functiono

298 Expansions in Series.
L (~~}) [ln
00
900.05 K = (4/k')- bmJ k'2m,

m~o
where
2m .
b0 = 0, b = 2 '\'
"' LJ --=---- = b
( 1 )' -1
j m- 1
+ 2m (2m-
2
1\ •
_
i~l
L Jt~~ ~)!m [ln (1/k')-1p(m+~)+'!J!(m+1)] k'

00
900.06 K = 2 "', [cf. 900.05]

m~o [k'2< 1]
where 1p is the di-gamma function.
E(k) E
+
~
900.07
)
= ~ [ 1- k2- l4 k4- Z~6 k6- -1~~h- kB- 6;;~6 k10-. • ·]
l =!!_
2 LJ
m~o
~ 1-
1
2m , m
(-l)2k2m=!!_F(-l.-/- 1·k2)
2 2 ' 2 ' ' '
[k2<1]
where F is the hypergeometric function (cf. ll8.02).
900.08 E = -~-:/1: ~-·· 1

2(1+k 1 ) [ +
_1 k2
4 1 +~1 (4"'"i- 1 (m+1)!(m+1)!)
00
(2m+ 2)! . - 2 k2m+2
1 l '
[ki < k 2 < 1]

where kl = (1- k')/(1+ k').
900.09 E = 1!_2
8 8 LJ
00
+ !l~ '\' (- 1)m+l ~- ~111_±_1 ___ r~!__

{2m-1) (m+ 1) 4"'m! m!
]3
P2 (cosß),
m
m~l [f<2< 1]
where cosß=k'= V1-k 2, and P 2 m(cosß) is Legendre's function.
E = 1 + _1_ [ln (4/k') - _1_] k' 2 +

2 2
~16
3 [1n (4/k') - 1_3_]
16
k' 4 + · · ·
CO
900.10 = 1 + _1_ '\' J~/ 2 )"' (Jf?-)_m [21n (1/k') + 1p (m + 2) -

4LJ m!(m+1)!
m~o
-1p(m + -~-) + 1p(m + 1) -1p(m + ~)] k' 2 "'+ 2, [k'2< 1]
where 1p is the di-gamma function.

Developments of the Elliptic Integrals. 299
r='::·~: z(:r
Jacobi's Norne.
'ffli.IHl +15(:)'+ 15o(4J +1707(: )" + -]'. [k'<1]
where
Incomplete Elliptic Integrals of the First and Second Kind.

00
where
t0 ( rp) = rp , t 2 ( rp) = 1 [ rp - sin rp cos rp],
+
2
t 4 (rp) = [3 rp- sinrp cosrp (3 + 2 sin 2 rp)J,
t2m (fP ) -_ 2m- 1 t2(m-1) (!p ) - 1 · 2m-1

rpcosrp.
2m 2 m-Sill
00
where
(!o ( !p) = In 1 + Sin_<E_ , (! 2 ( !p) = ~I1'P~ec2 tp _ 1 In _1_ + sin_q>
cos 'P 2 2 cos 'P '
(! 4 ( rp ) -- 1 - [ 2 Sill
8
. 3 rp sec 4 rp - 3 Sill
. rp sec 2 rp + 3 I n 1 ----
+ sintp-
costp
l '
L (!
00
903.00 E(rp, k) = 1 ) (- k 2)m t2m (rp),

m~o
where t2 m(rp) is given in 902.00.

L (!) k'
00
903.01 E(q;, k) = 2 m d2 m (q;),

m~o
where
.
d 0 (q; ) = smq;, .
d2 (q; ) = - smq; 1 + sinq>
+ l n----·,COS!p
d4 (q;) = _!_ [sin 3 q; sec 2 q;

2
+ 3 sin q; - 3 ln 1 + sinq>] ,
cooq>
and
d 2 m (q; ) = 1
1)
sm2m-1 q; sec2(m-l) q;
[ · + (1 - _m ) d 2 (m-l) (q; )] , m=f=1.
'1
2(m ~
Heuman's Lambda Function.
where t 2 m(q;) is given in 902.00, and
a2 = 1-
2
(2K- E) k' 2 ,
Jacobian Zeta Function.
00 00
905.01 Z (u, k) = _!!__ ~ sin (m n ufK) = 2 n_ ~ qm sin (m n ujK),

K LJ sinh (mnK'fK) K LJ 1 ~ q2m
m~l m~l
[j Im (uJK)i <Im (i K'JK)J.

Developments of the Elliptic Integrals. 301
The Elliptic Integral of the Third Kind.

00
906.00 II(oc2 , k) ===. II(n/2, oc 2 , k) = L c." k 2 m,
where
Co= -2v1~ ot2 ' Cl= 4:2 [v1~ ot2 - 1]' C2 = 3~:4 [v1~ ot2 - 2 - oc2]'
Ca=~[-
256ot6
2oc2 - 3oc4 - 8 + - -8-()(2] ,
V:~=--
2(m +1).oc 2cm+l=-(

n_) (-
2 2m-- 1 m
t) 2+(1-2m)c",_ +(2m+1+2moc )c....
1 2
00
906.01 Il(cp,oc 2 ,k)=2:bmk2 "', [i-oc2 J>1, k2 <1; J-oc 2J<1, k2<J-oc 21J
m=O
where
b0 =·v 1-
1
()(2
tan-1 [V1-oc2 tancp], for -oc2>-1;
= -V __!_____ tanh - 1 [Voc2 - 1 tancpj, for - oc2 < - 1;

(1,2-1
2(m + 1) oc 2 bm+l =(2m+ 1 + 2moc2) bm +(1-2m) bm_ 1 -
- (--1)"'(.;_t 1 )sin 2 "'- 1 cpcoscp- (-1)m(!)t2 m(cp),

[t 2 m (cp) being given in 902.00].
906.02 m
t) (- )i
oo
= LJ ~ (oc)
~ LJ 2m
t2m(cp) (-
i k2
otf '
m=O i=O
[J- oc J< 1 ;
2 k 2 < 1]
where t2 m (cp) is given in 902.00.
906.03
lII(oc2, k) = {:r
0
12
. dfJ
(1-ot 2 sm 2 1J)V1-k 2 sm2{}
+V-oc 2 tan-1 (V-oc 2 )]+o(k' 2),

. = - 1- 2
1-rJ.
[ln (4/k') +
[-oc2 >0; k2 <1]

where the symbol 0 (k' 2 ) means that the remaining terms are < M k' 2 ,
M being a constant.
where 0 (1 - ct.2 ) means that the remaining terms are < (1 - ct. 2 ) M,
M being a constant.
Developments of Jacobian Elliptic Functions.

Maclaurin's Series.
907.00 l
am u = u- k 2 u~- + (4 + k2 ) k 2 !I!_- (16 + 44k 2 + k4 ) k2 u~
31 51
+ (64 + 912k 2 + 408k 4 + k 6 ) k 2
9
; ( - ···,
71
[jttJ < K'].
+
.
1
~ ~ ~
cnu = 1---- + (1 + 4k 2 ) --- (1 + 44k 2 + 16k4 ) --- +
907.02 21 41 8
61
[I u I< K'].
l
+ (1 + 408k 2 + 912k 4 + 64k 6 ) ~~- ••• '
2 4 6
dn ~t = 1- k2 !!__ + (4 + k 2 ) k2 !!_ __ - (16 + 44k 2 + k4 ) k 2 _u_ +
907.03 21 41 8
61
+(64+912k 2 +408k 4 +k 6 ) ;, - · · · , [lui<K'J.
Developments of Jacobian Elliptic Functions. 303
_1_ + (1 + k2) !!__ + (7- 22k 2 + 7k 4) __tt:__ +

r nsu = u 6 360
907.041 + (31 -15k2- 1Sk4 + 31k6) ~ + ....
15120
[ü<lul<min(i2K'I, I2Ki)J.
907.05 1 cn u dn u = 1 - (1 + k2) ~:_ + (1 + 14 k2 + k4) ~ -
-(1+135k 2
21
+135k 4 +k 6 )~
6
1 +···,
41
Clui<K'J.
ua u5
907.06 1 sn u dn u = u- (1 + 4k 2) - + (1 + 44k 2 + 16k 4) - -

31 7
51
- (1 + 4ü8k 2 + 912k 4 + 64k 6 ) ;, + ·· ·, Clul <K'].
~ ~
sn u cn u = u- (4 + k2 ) - + (16 + 44k 2 + k4) -·.-
907.07 1 31 7
51
- (64+912k 2 +498k 4 +k 6 ) ;, +···, llui<K'].
Fourier Series 1 •
In the following, q = e-nK'fK.
)Kl'
00
:n;u qm+l . :n;u
908.00 l amu=:zk+ 2m~ (m+1)[1+q 2 (m+ 1 l] sm[(m+ 1
Cl Im(ufK) I< Im (iK'jK)].
00
2:n; . :n;u
2K]'
qm+~
908.01 \ snu= kK~0 1-q2m+l sm[( 2 m+ 1)
Cl Im (u/K) I< Im (i K'/K)].
1 In these series we may also write
qm 1 '
-"----:c
2- = --- csch [m :n; K fK],
1- q m 2
qmH 1
--Q-
1 + q•m+l =-
2
csch [(2m+ 1) :n; K'f2K],
qm+~ 1 '
··-- - - - = - sech [(2m+ 1) :n; K f2K].
1 _ q2m+l 2
l
00
2:n: qm+! :n:u
908.02 cnu = kK ~0 1 +q2m+I cos[( 2 m+ 1) 2K] •
Cl Im(u(K) I< Im(i K'(K)].
00
908.03 l dn u =
:n:
2K
2:n: qm+l
+ K ];0 1 + q2 m+I) cos [(m + 1) K]
:n:u
'
Cl Im(u(K)I < Im(i K'(K)].
00
:n: :n:u 2:n: q2m+l . :n:u
908.04 { nsu = 2K csc 2K + K ~ 1_ q2m+I sm[( 2 m + 1) 2KJ'
Cl Im(u(2K) I< Im(i K'(K)].
neu =-:n: sec~+

2k' K 2K
~ (- 1)m+l 1 +q2m+l COS [(2m+ 1) ~]

[
908.05 + ~
k' K L.J q2m+l 2K '
m~o
Cl Im(uf2K) I< Im(i K'JK)].

00
:n::n:u 2:n: q2m+l . :n:u
908.06 { ds u = 2K csc 2K- K ~0 1 + q2m+I sm [( 2 m+ 1) 2K J'
[I Im (tt/2K) I< Im (i K'/K)].
00
- :n: :n:u 2:n: m q2m+l :n:u
-+--
s e c2K - " (-1) ------cos[(2m+1)-J
908. 07 { dcu - -2K K L.J 1 _ q2m+l 2K '
m~o
Cl Im (uj2K) I< Im (i K'fK)].
00
- :n: 2:n:
908.08 ndu- 2k' K + k' K ] ;0 ( - 1)
{
m+l
1
qm+l
+ q2(m+I) cos[ (m + 1) K]'
:n:u
C!Im(u/K) I< Im(i K'/K)].
00
2:n: qm+~ :n:u
908.09 cdu=
{
kK~o(-1)m 1-q2m+Icos[(2m+1) 2K]'
Cl Im(u/K) I< Im(i K'fK)J.
Developments of J acobian Elliptic Functions. 305
00
q2m
1
n nu 2n m . m:n:u
908.11 tn u = 2k' K tan 2K + k' K ~1 ( - 1) 1 + q2m sm[-----x-]'
[1Im(uf2K)I < Im(iK'fK)].
00
2n ~ q 2m
1
908.12 es u =
n nu . [mnu]
2K cot 2K- K L.J 1 q2m sm ----y- ' +
l
1
m= [iim(uj2K)I<Im(iK'fK)].
00
n :n: u
m qm . mnu 2n
tnundu = - -2 t a n - + --~ (-1) - - s m f - - ]
908.50 2k' K 2 2K k' KL.J 1+qm K '
m=1
[iim(uf2K)I < Im(iK'jK)].
00
n nu 2n .
1
qm m :n: u
908.51 csudnu = 2K cot 2K - K~11 +qm sm[-----x-]•
[I Im(uf2K) I< Im(iK'fK)].
00
K-].
4n q 2 m- 1 nu
1
.
908.52 sdu cn u = k2K ~1 1- q2(2m-1J sm [(2m- 1)
[I Im(ufK) I< Im(i K'jK)].
Infinite Products.
00
2K . nurr[(1-q2m-1)2
SllU=-Slll- X
n 2K (1 _ q2m)2
m=1
909.00 1- 2q 2 m cos (nufK) + q4m ]
X 1 - 2 q 2m- 1 cos (n uJK) + q4 m- 2 1
[R.P. (K'fK) > o; 1q 1< 1].
!J[
00
nu (1- q2m-1)2 1 + 2q2m cos (nufK) + q4m
CllU=COS- •
909.01
{
2K (1+q2m)2 1-2q2m-1cos(nufK)+q4m-2]'
[R.P. (K'fK) >0; lql< 1].

00
(1 _ q2m-1)2 1 + 2 q2m-1 cos (nufK) + q4m-2
dnu= .
909.02 {
!J[(1+q2m-1)2 1-2q2m-1cos(nufK)+q4m-2]'
[R.P. (K'fK) > 0; lql < 1] ·

1 rr + + q4 m
l'
00
q2 m) 2 1 - 2q2m cos (n u/K)
(~
2K n u (1
909003 tn t-t = -;; tan 2K [(t:._q2mf2 of+2q 2mcos u,'K) + q4 m
m=l
[R.P.(K'jK) > o; \q[ <1].
Products for the other eight Jacobian elliptic functions may be ob-
tained by taking the reciprocal and quotients of the aboveo
Other Developmentso
910 0011 snu = 2:K f

m~-oo
csc 2~ [u- (2m- 1) iK'],
[]Im (ujK)] <Im (iK'jK)].
~ (-1)mcsc-~
91002 o
1 cnu=-n_i
2!1K LJ
m~-oo
2K
[u-(2m-1)iK'],
[\Im(ujK)\<Im(iK' jK)]o
910o03 f dn u = ;~ f( -1)'n cot -2 if [u- (2m- 1) iK'],

1 m~-oo [\Im(uJK)\<Im(iK 'JK)].
00
911.01
qmH
X -- -
2 +I
1- q m
sin [ (2m+ 12K
)-, nul
[\Im(uj2K) \ < Im(iK'jK)] 0
_
ns 2u -
[ nK ]2 + -K-K-
!
nu - E
2 csc 2K -
-~2" ~ l
l
912001 - m q2m COS [-111, n u
2K-LJ 1 _q2m 2K '
m~l [\Im(uj2K)]<Im(iK 'JK)].

Appendix.
W eierstrassian Elliptic Functions
and Elliptic Integrals.
It was found convenient in this handbook to evaluate elliptic integrals
by first reducing them to Legendre-Jacobi normal form. This was
accomplished by means of suitable homographic substitutions and the
use of Jacobian elliptic functions. The moremodern method of Weier-
strass1, however, employs a different notation which is sometimes advan-
tageaus when the polynomial under the radical sign is not resolved into
factors. We will not discuss here the general modes of reducing the
elliptic integral JdtjfP4 (t) to Weierstrassian form, but shall briefly give
some of the more important formulas expressing the nature and pro-
perties of the Weierstrassian elliptic function ~ (u) and the related
functions C(u) and a (u).
Definition.
If
to3o.oo ~ ~-~ (y) = u fv~=d~:~--&

=
y
= JV4
y
(t1- e1) (~~ e2) (t1- ea}'
[e1 +e +e
2 3 = 0; g2 = - 4 (e 2 e3 + e e1 + e1 e
3 2); g3 = 4e1 e2 e3 ]
then the inverse function y=~(u, g2 , g3)==~(u) defines the Weier-
strassian elliptic function 2 • If we set
the integral 1030.00 becomes
1030.01
which is now in Legendre's and Jacobi's form.

1 An excellent treatment of the Weierstrassian functions is found in H. A.
ScHWARZ, Formeln und Lehrsätze zum Gebrauche der elliptischen Funktionen. Nach
Vorlesungen und Aufzeichnungen des Herrn Prof. K. WEIERSTRASS. (Berlin, 1893.)
2 This function is tabulated in the Proc. Roy. Artillery I nst., v. 17, pp. 181-216,
1889.
20*
308 Appendix.
Relation to Jacobian Elliptic Functions.

From 1030.01, it is thus secn that
Y = sn (y u), fP = am (y u),
sn (y u) =V~(~--~~ , gJ (u) = e1 + y 2 cs 2 (yu), [y 2 = e1 - e3],
1031.01 cn (y u) = 1{ff;;)-~ el., gJ (u) = e2 + y 2 ds 2 (y u),

V&;(~)- e3
dn (y u) = Vli~}~-:: , gJ (u) = e3 + y 2 ns 2 (y u).
Unlike the Jacobian function sn u, which has a simple pole, Weier-

strass' elliptic function gJ (u) has a pole of order 2 in any primitive
period-parallelogram.
Fundamental Relations.
1032.01 { gJ (u + 2 w) = gJ (u)'
gJ (u + 2w') = gJ (u).
The function gJ (u) is thus doubly periodic, having periods 2w and
2w', where
i K' i K'
1032.02 { w = Ve1 ~ ea = :, w'=~
Vel- ea 'Y
1032.03
Derivatives.
gJ' (u) = - V4&J 3 (u) - g2 gJ (u) - g3 , [&J' (u) = ddu gJ (u)]'
gJ" (u) = 6gJ (u) - g2 /2,
2
1032.04
gJ"' (u) = 12 gJ (u) gJ' (u),
&Jiv(u) = 12 [gJ' 2 (u) + gJ(u) gJ" (u)].
Weierstrassian Elliptic Functions and Elliptic Integrals. 309
Special Values.
~(- u) = SJ(u),
1033.01 1 ~(w)=e 1 ,
~(w') = e3 ,
~(w + W 1
) = e2 •
j
~ 1 (W 1 ) = 0,
~~(w)=O,
1033.02
~~ (w +W 1
) = 0,
~(n)(-u) = (-1t~(n} (u).
1033.03 { ~ (w~2) = el + V(el- e3) (el- e2),

~ (w /2) = e3 - V(e 1 - e3) (e 2 - e3).
1033.05
Addition Formulas.
1034.01 ~ (u ± _
v) - - ~ (u) - ~ (v) =f ~ (v) ]2 .
+-41 [---~~ (u)- -----
1
~(u)- ~(v)
1034.02
1034.03 ~(u + v) + ~(u- v) = 2 [~(u)~(v) -g2/4] [~(u) +~(v)] -ga.

[~ (u) - ~ (v)] 2

1035.01 ~(u) 1
= ___ {}"' (0)
_1_ ___ d2
-- [lnß1 ( - u )]
12w2 {}~ (0) du 2 2w '
where 0 1 (u) is defined in 1050.01.

310 Appendix.
Weierstrassian Normal Elliptic Integrals.

A general elliptic integral of the form
1036.00 f Vao t~
R 1 (t1) dt 1
+ b t~ + c t + d1 '
where R1 (t1) denotes a rational function of t1 , may be written
1036.01
by means of the substitution
with
The evaluation of this integral can then always be made to depend on

the three integrals
f
j>(u)
dt
00 (t - ot2 ) V4 t 3 - g2 t - g3 •
which are Weierstrass' normal elliptic integrals of the firstl, second and
third kind respectively. These may be evaluated as follows:
1036.02
1 For an alternate form of this, based on transforming the cubic under the
radical sign to t(t-m) (t-1), see A. R. Low's Normal Elliptic Functions (A
Normalized Form of Weierstrass's Elliptic Functions), University of Toronto
Press, Toronto, 1950.
Expansions of the functions ~(u), qu) and a(u).
+ g2u u + __f~a-~ + ...

+ g28u + g1200
1 2 3 4 26 8
~(u) = ~ 3 2
u2 20 6160 '
1036.50 C(u) =- f u
1
2 --_a~----·2-
~(u)du=---
60 140 8400
g u3 g u5 g2 u7 3gagaU9
55440
_ •••
•
g u5 g u7 g2 u1
a(u) = •
ef•
1
(u,d" = u- _ 2 _ - _ a _ - _2_ - ....
240 840 161280
Other Integrals.
1037.01 J~ 2 (u) du= [~'(u)J/6 +g 2 uf12.
1037.02 f ~ 3 (u) du= [~"' (u)J/120- 3g2 [C(u))/20 + g uf10.3
f(2m-3)g 2 j~"'- 2 (u)du+

1J ~"'(u)du=
1 )
1037.03 4 (2 m- 1
+ 2(m- 2) g3 J~"'- 3 (u) du+ 2~"'- 2 (u) ~' (u)l

L
1037.04 f @'(u) du
[@(u)- @(a)]"'
_ 1
1-m
~-1~-=-~
[@(u)- @(a)]"' 1 '
(m=!=1).
1037.05 f ~'(u) du
@(u)- @(a)
= ln [~ (u) - ~ (a)].
= - [ln_(l'_(u- a) + 2uC(a)]
{! -~--
1
1037.06 @(u) -@ (a) @'(a) a (u + a) '
[~ (a) =!= e1 , e2 or e3 ].
1037.07
1037.08
1037.09
1037.10 f ~(u) + b du=~+ '!_d- bc [ 2C~lu + _1_ln a(u- a)]

c@ (u) + d c c2 5J'(a) @'(a) a(u + a) '
~--~- = @"_(~)_ln a(u+ ~1~~(u + a)-

1!
a)
l
[@ (u) -@ (a)] 2 5J' 3 (a) a(u- a) @'2 (a)
1037.11 1 [2@ (a) 2 5J"(a) C(a)
-@'2(a)~(u-a)- 5J'2(a)+-----g;'~ u,
[~ (a) =!= e1 , e2 or e3 ].
312 Appendix.
rf ij.{uf~·p-(u)J" ~ 2{'- m)[4p>(u~-=-ii;~("f= g:;j X

I X {(2m-3) [12&} (a)- g J[~ (u) _a;(a)]m-l +
2 2]
1037.12
J
+ 24 (m- 2) &J (a) [~ (u) -d~u(a)]m- 2 +
+ 4 (2m- 5) J [g;-(u) -d~u(a)]m-3 + [&;(u) ~~(~l)]m- } '
[m 4= 1 ; &J (a) 4= e1 , e2 or e3] •
1037.13
1037.14
1037.15
Illustrative Example.
Weshall close this section with an example illustrating the Jacobian
and Weierstrassian mode of procedure for the reduction of the elliptic
integral
(y > 3). (AI)
Reduction to Jacobian form: - The integral (AI) may be written
f y
II
dt
u =3 2 V(t - 3) (t- 1 + V3) (-tcc:__ 1 - V3l
f
00
dt (A 2}
=3 2 V(t- 3)(t- 1 + V3) (t- 1- V3) -
00
-/ 2 V(t :__ 3) (t- 1: V3) (1- 1 - V3) • J

Using 238.00, with a = 3, b = 1 c = 1- + V3: V3, the evaluation of the

integral is found immediately to be
u= K _ 1 sn-l(sinq;,k)= 1 =-[K-F(<p,k)], (A3)

V2+VJ V2+V3 V2+V3
where
or
(A 4)
The inversion of this then yields
or
(A 6)
Reduction to Weierstrassian form:- The integral
becomes, upon making the Substitution t1 =t+5/3, Y=y-5/3,
J
y
dt
(A 7)
u =
4/3
V4t 3 - s2t;3 + 368/27 ;
so g2 = 52/3, g3 =- 368j27. Further, we may write equation (A 7) m

the form
which, after using 1030.00 and 1032.03, gives
1t =(I)- p-l [(y- 5/3), 52/3, - 368/27] (A 9)

314 Appendix.
l
for the evaluation of the integral. Since
e1=4/3, e2=V3--2/3, Ca=-VJ--2/3,

(A 10)
k2 = e2- e3 = 2 (2 V3-- 3) ' y = Ve1 - ea'
e1- e3
formula 1032.02 yields
K K
(J) = -- = -·--c-·-··- (A II)
y v;+ v.1
Employing now 1033.05, one has from (A 9)
1
Y = 3 + ~ (u) - 4/3
(A 12)
In order to compare this with the results obtained by the Jacobian

process, formula 1032.01 is applied. We then have
y = 3 + (2- V3l tn (u V2-+Y3l

2 = 3 + (2 + V3)k' 2 tn 2 (u V2 + V3), CAI3)
which is the same as (A 6).
Theta-Functions.
Definitions.
For obtaining definite numerical values in many problems involving
elliptic functions, auxiliary functions called Theta Functions are found
highly useful and at times indispensable. These functions 1 of Jacobi
I
are defined by the FouRIER series
8(u) ={}0 (v) = 1 + 2~ (-1)mqm'cos(2mv),

H (u) ~ D, (v) ~ 2 ~ (_' 1)•-' q<•-'1'1' 'in (2m- 1) v,
1050.01 00
H 1 (u) = {} 2 (v) = 2 L q(m- 1 / 2 )' cos (2m - 1) v,

1
00
e1(u) ={}a(v) = 1 + 2l:qm'cos (2mv),

1
where
q= e-(nK'/K) 1 V= 7tUJ2K.
1 A short tabulation which is related to these functions may be found in
Smithsonian Mathematical Formulas and Tables of Elliptic Functions, by E. P.
ADAMS and R. L. HIPPISLEY, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., 1922.
Theta-Functions. 315
The four functions have quasi doubly-periodic properties 1 . They

are single-valued analytic functions having no singularities except at
infinity.
The logarithms of these functions are given by
00
h1(9(u) =ln-&0 (v) =ln~-2~ ( qm cos(2mnv),

L.J m 1- q2 m)
m=l
[IIm(v)l < : Im(iK'/K)].
00
4- , ~ q2m
=ln 2v~sin(:nv)j- 2 L.J
[
m(1- q2m)cos(2mnv),
m=l
[IIm(v)l < Im(iK'/K)].
1050.02 ln H 1 (u) = ln '19-2(v)
4 - ]
= ln r2V~ sin (:nv) + 2
·
L (-00
1)m-lq2m
m(1- q2
m) cos (2mn v),
m=l
[llm(v)l < Im(iK'/K)].
L (-(
00
1)m-1 qm
In81 (u)=ln-&3 (v)=ln~+2 m cos(2mnv),
m 1- q2 )
m=l
[IIm vl < : Im(iK'/K)j.

where ~ is Euler's number (~.57721566), and v=nu/2K.
Special Values.
8(0) = 8 1 (K) ='19-0 (0) ='19-a(:n/2) = V 2k'K
-n-
H (0) = - H 1(K) = '19-1(0) = '19-2(:n/2) = 0

1051.01
Hl (0) = H (K) = '19-2 (0) = '19-1 (:n/2) = V 2: K
8 1(0) = 8 (K) = '19-3 (0) = '19-0 (:n/2) = V 2: :
In the following, v = nuj2K.
1 Fora full discussion of the properties of the Theta function see, for example,
Modern Analysis, by Whittaker and Watson, Macmillan Co., New York, 1943.
r(•
316 Appendix.
+ K) ~ &,(u). r(v+"/2) ~D,(v),

H (u + K) = H 1 (u), {}1 (v + n/2) = {} 2 (v),
1051.03
r(•
H 1 (u + K) = - H(u), {} 2(v + n/2) = - {}1 (v),
@1 (u + K) = e
(u). {}3 (v + n]2) = {}0 (v).
+ 2K) ~ &(u), r(v +") ~D,(v),

H (u + 2K) = - H (u), {}1 (v + n) = - {}1 (v),
1051.04
r(•
H 1 (u + 2K) = - H 1 (u), {} 2(v + n) = - {} 2 (v),
@1 (u + 2K) = @1 (u). {}3 (v +n) ={}3 (v).
+ )K) ~ e,(u), r(v + l"/2) ~D,(v),

H(u + 3K) = - H 1 (u), {}1 (v + 3n/2) = - {} 2 (v),
r(·
1051.05
r(•
H 1 (u+3K) =H(u), {} 2 (v + 3n/2) ={}1 (v),
@1 (u + 3K) = @(u). {}3 (v + 3n]2) = {}0 (v).
+ 4K) ~ &(u), + 2") ~ll,(v)'

H(u + 4K) = H(u), {}1 (v + 2n) = {}1 (v),
1051.06 {} 2 (v + 2n) = {} 2 (v),
H 1 (u + 4K) = H 1 (u),
@1 (u + 4K) = @1 (u). {}3 (v + 2n) = {}3 (v).
f @[2mK +(2m+ 1) iK'] = o,

I H[2mK + 2niK'] = 0,
l{}
H 1 [(2m+ 1) K+ 2niK'] = 0,
[r=i nK'j2K,
{ @1 [(2m+1)K+(2n+1)iK']
=0,
1051.07 m, n integers
{} 0 [mn + (2n + 1) r] = 0, including 0] .
1 (mn + 2nr) = 0,
{} 2 [(m+!)n+2nr] =0,
{}3 [(m + ~)n + (2n + 1) r] = 0,
Quasi-Addition Formulas.
{}0 (x + y) {}0 (x - y) {}~ (o) = {}~ (x) {}~ (y) - {}~ (x) {}~ (y),
1051.25 { ~~+~~~-~~~=~~~M-~~~M,
{}~ (x + y) {} 2 (x - y) {}~ (0) = {}~ (x) {}~ (y) - {}~ (x) {}~ (y),
{}~ (x +
y) {}3 (x - y) {}~ (0) = {}~ (x) {}~ (y) - {}~ (x) {}~ (y).
Differential Equation.
The Theta Fundions are solutions of the partial differential equation
of heat conduction in the form
1051.50
Theta Functions. 317
Relation to Jacobian Elliptic Functions.

1052.01 Vk = H1 (o) _ = 1}2(0) Vk' = 6 (~) .. 1}0 (o)
61 (o) 1}3 (o) ' 6 1 (o) ß;(Of ·
sn u = H (uL = - 1 - 1}1 (v)

V!i 0 (u) V!i 1}0 (v) •
cnu = ~ ~1(~)- = ~ ::{~ ,

1052.02
dnu = Vk' 61(u)_
6 (u)
= Vk' :ß'd!!)_
(v) '
1}0
tnu=-1- H(u) =-1__1}1 (v)

V!ii Hl (u) V!? 1}2 (v) .
Relation to Elliptic Integrals.
K = ~ [81 (0)] 2 = ~ [ß3 (0)]2= ~ [ß0 (n/2)]2,
Z(u) = 6 '(ul_ = 8 -lnß 0 (nuf2K), [8'(u) = "ou 8(u)]
l
~ 6(u) ou u
1053.01
E _1!_ [8 (0)]2 [1 -
I
= 6"(o)
2 1 6(0) '
E _ 6"(0)
l1 - K - B(o)- ·
nrx _ _j__ß0 (w) = ___rt-KZ(A,kJ=, [cf. 415.01].

2V(rx 2 - 1) (rx2 - k 2) ow V(rx2 -1) (rx2 -k 2 )
n . . ~ß1 (w)=!!_[ 1 + aZ(A,k) _ ]

-2~Vrx=:•c=(rxc;;=•=-=1c=){:=crx•;;'-'-~k2) ow rx• V(rx•- 1) (rx•- k 2 J •
[cf. 415.02],
1053.02 n 1~·~ (}__ ß (w) = !!._ [ 1 + rx(1- rx 2 ) Z (A, k) ] ,

- 2 V~2- k 2 ) ow 2 rx2 V(rx•- 1) (rx•- k•)
[cf. 415.03],
__1f,_v_ rx2--k 2
2 rx 2 (rx2 - 1)
~ß (w = K
ow 3 ) rx 2
[k + rx(k
2 2 -rx2 )Z(A,k)
V(rx•- 1) (~2:_
!.•)
l
'
l [cf. 415.04],
where
sinA=1/ct.,
W-
_nF(A,k)
2K ' ct.
2
> 1·'
E
Z(A, k) = E(A, k)- KF(A, k).
318 Appendix.
--~---,:rt_ ___ , _ _8_ß0 (w) = _ KZ(ß,k) ___ _

2V(!i2-=-~2)-( 1-=-~2J;2 aw V(k2 _ ~2J (1 _ ~2) ~2 •
[cf. 414.02],
---;====~ n __!_ {}1 (w) = K + ~K Z (ß, k) - '

2v(k2- ~2) (1- ~2) 8w v(1- ~2) (k2- ~2)
[cf. 414.01],
1053.03
[cf. 414.04],
~-v1-=-- ~2~ _a_ ßa(w) = K + (~2- 1) K z (ß, k)_

l 2~ k2 - ~2 8w v~2(1- ~2) (k2- ~2)'
[cf. 414.03],
whcre
E
Z (ß, k) = E(ß, k) - KF(ß, k).
( - n - 8_ {}o ( i w) = _____!!___ - -~-":to_(tp_,_k_)-

2 V~2( 1 -~2J (~2-k2J aw k 2 -~ 2 2 v~2(J-~2J (~2-k2J •
[cf. 410.02],
~----= -=a_2 =c-c~--~--fA(iw) = k2K - n~2Ao(1JI,k) --'

2 v(~2-k2)(1-~2) 8w k 2 -~2 2v~2(1-~2)(~2-k2)
1053.04 [cf. 410.01],

!!.. 1G 2 =-k,2 ~{} 2 (i w) _!!j_k~-~ ~2 ) Ao(1J', k] [cf. 410.04],
2 v-t%2-(1-~2J aw
=
2 y~2(1=~)~2--- -k2J •
n_ 1{-=~-- -;1.2_
8 {} (i w) = _l!_"_K_ + _n (1 - ~2 ) A 0 (1J', k)
2 v-~2(~2-k2) 8w 3 ~2-k2 2v~2(1-~2)(~2_fl2)'
[cf. 410.03],
where
A 0 (1p, k) = -2 -
n
[E F (1p, k') + K E (1p, k')- K F (1p, k')].
Pseudo-elliptic Integrals. 319
1053.05
~J===n==et:== 8 1}2(iw) = --- et::n:Ao(~,k)
2v(1-et:2)(et:2----k2) ow 2v(et:2-k2)(1-et:2)
[ cf. 413.0 I]
where
A 0 (~, k) = -~ [E F(~, k')

:n;
+K E(~, k') - K F(~, k')].
Pseudo-elliptic Integrals.
Definition.
One frequently encounters integrals that have all the appearances
of being elliptic but which can ultimately be expressed solely in terms
of elementary functions. These special cases, of the form
are called pseudo-elliptic integrals and can always be evaluated 1 by
m
1060.00 Ps = v0 (t) + L biln [vi(t)],
i=l
where each b is a constant and each v (t) is an algebraic function.
1 In Oeuvres complete, N. H. ABEL showed that any algebraic function whose

integral is elementary may be expressed as in 1060.00. An equivalent theorem is
attributed to LwuvrLLE.
320 Appendix.
One need not, however, be too concerned at the outset about whether
or nothisintegral at hand is genuinely elliptic, because the substitutions
given in this book for the reduction and evaluation of elliptic integrals
willlead to the right results (without additionallabor) even though the
integral might turn out to be elementary. We give several important
examples.
Examples.
The obviously pseudo-elliptic integral
for instance, is reduced by 213 to the integral
ut ul
g b J cn u du = k J cn u du,
0 0
which, upon using 312.01, yields the correct value
This integral is a special case of the more general integral
1060.01
which reduces to integrals involving odd powers of J acobian elliptic

functions and can thus always be ultimately evaluated in terms of
elementary functions.
A general case of a pseudo-elliptic integral, which is less obvious
than the foregoing one, is
1060.02
when R(t 2 ) is a rational function of t 2 such that for all values of t any
l
one of the following relations holds:
R(t2) + R(tjk 2 t2 ) = 0,
1060.03 R(t 2 ) + R[(1- k t )jk (1- t = 0,
2 2 2 2 )]
R(t 2 ) + R[(1- t )j(t- k t = 0.

2 2 2 )]
Tables of Numerical Values. 321
A particular example of 1060.02 is the integral
= a [k 2 J' sn
'Hl
2 u du- ]'ns 2 u du]
'Ul
= a [u- E(u) - ~t + E(u) + dn tt es uJ~:

= a [dn u 2 es u 2 - dn u 1 es u 1 ]
=V (b 2-=--y~) (a 2-=Y~)jy~ -- V(b 2 :__ Yil(~ 2 ~ Yil]Yi ·
Written in the Jacobian forms to which they reduce, five other special
cases are
I k' 2 f sc 2 u du -
k2 k' 2 J sd 2 tt d tt
f cs 2 u du
+ J ds 2 u d tt
= dn u es u,
= - cd u ns 11,,
l
I060.04 ~ J dc 2 u du - k 2 J cd 2 u d tt = k' 2 tn u nd u,
J dn 2 u- k' 2 Jnd 2 u du = k2 sn u cd tt,
k2 J cn 2 ttdu + k' 2 Jnc 2 udu = tnudnu.
An alternate form of the pseudo-elliptic integral 1060.02 is given by
1060.05 PS =
3
1 {·-... __ f!(t) dt
2 • V
t (1 - t) (1 - k 2 t)
=···· . '
where R(t) is a rational function oft and satisfics any one of the rclations
R(t) +R(1/k 2 t) =0; R(t) +R'(1-k 2 t)jk 2 (1-t)] =0;

R(t) +R[(1-t)j(1-k 2 t)] =0.
A special instancc of this occurred in the Introduction.
Tables ofNumerical Values.

The following short, 6-place tables give values for the elliptic inte-
grals of the first and second kind and for some functions which are
useful in the numerical evaluation of elliptic integrals of the third kind.
A comprehensive survey of other tables, as well as of all known errata,
may be found in Alan Fletcher's Guide to Tables of Elliptic Functions,
Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation, Vol. III, No. 24,
The National Research Council, Washington, D. C., 1948.
Byrd and Fricdrnan, Elliptic Integrals. 21
322 Appendix.
Values of the Complete Elliptic Integrals K and E, and of

the Norne q.
K=J V!= JV1-

n[2 n/2
d{} . . . . ; E= k 2 s!fiißdß; q= 6 - (:rrK'/K) •

k2 sin2{}
0 0
sin-1 k I K E q K E q
I I
00 11.570796 1.570796 • .000000 45° 1.85407511.3506441 .043214

10 1. 5 70916 1.570677 .000019 46° 1.869148 11.341806 .045417
20 I
11.571275 1.570318 .000076 47° 1. 884809 I 1. 3 328 70 I .047696
30 1.571874 1.569720 .000171 48° 1.901083 1.323842 .050054
40 1.572712 1.568884 .000305 49° 1.91799811.314730 .052495
50 ]1.573792 1.567809 .000477 50° 1.935581 ' 1.305539 .055020
60 i 1.575114 1.566497 .000687 51° 1.953865 /1.296278 .057633
70 1.576678 1.564948 .000935 52° t.972882 , t.286954 .060338
1
8o 1.578487 1.563162 .001222 53° 1.992670 i 1.277574 .063139

90 1.580541 1.561142 .001549 54° 2.013267 I 1.268147 .066039
10° 1.582843 1.558887 .001914 5 5° 2.034715 1.258680 .069042
11° 1.585394 1.556400 .002318 56° 2.057062 ! 1.249182 .072154
12° 1.588197 1.553681 .002762 57° 2.080358 1.239661 I .075380
13° 1. 591254 1.550732 .003245 58° 2.104658 1.230127 I .078725
14° 1.594568 1.547555 .003769 59° 2.130021 1.220589 : .082194
15° 1.598142 1.544150 .004333 60° 2.156516 1.211056 .085796
16° 1.601979 1.540522 .004938 61° 2.184213 1.201538 .089536
1 7° 1.606081 1.536670 .005585 62° i 2.213195 1.192046 . .093423
18° 1.610454 I 1.532597 .006272 63° ! 2.243549 1.182589 .097465
19° ! t.615101 I t. 528306 .007002 64° 2.275376 1.173179 .101672
20° i 1.62o026 I 1.523799 .00777 5 65° 2.308787 1.163828 .106054
21° 1.625234 1.519079 .008590 66° I 2.3439o5 ! 1.154547 .110624
22° 1.630729 1.514147 .009449 67° I 2.380870 . 1.145348 I .115393
23° 1.636517 1.509007 .010353 68° 2.419842 1.136244 .120378
24° 1.642604 1.503662 .011301 69° 2.460999 1.127250 .125595
25° 1.648995 1.498115 .012295 70° 2.504550 1.118378 .131062
26° 1.65 5697 1.492369 .013335 71° 2.550731 1.109643 i .136801
27° ' 1.662716 1.486427 .014421 72° 2.599820 1.1 o1o62 .14283 7
1
28° 1.670059 1.480293 .015556 73° i 2.652138 ! 1.092650 : .149197

29° 1.677735 1.473970 .016740 74° 2.708068 1.084425 .155917
30° 1.685750 1.467462 .017972 7 5° 2.768063 1.076405 .163034
31° 1.694114 1.460774 .019256 76° 2.832673 1.068610 i .170595
32° 1.702836 1.453908 .020591 770 2.902565 1.061059' .178656
33° 1.711925 1.446869 .021978 78° 2.978569 1.053777 .187285
34° 1.721391 1.439662 .023419 79° 3.061729 1.046786 .196568
1
35° 1.731245 1.4 32291 .024915 80° 1 3.153385 1.040114 .206610

36° 1.741499 1.424 760 .026467 81° I 3.255303 1.033789 .217 549
37° 1.752165 1.417075 .028077 82° I 3-369868 1.027844 .229567
38° 1. 763256 1.409240 .029745 8'"'0
.) ' 3.500422 1.022313 .242913
39° 1.774786 1.401260 .031474 84° 3.651856 1.01 723 7 .257940
40° 1.786769 1.393140 .033265 85° 3.831742 1.012664 .275180
41° 1.799222 1.3848871 .035120 86° 4.0527 58 1.oo8648 I .295488
42° 1.812160' 1-376504 .037040 87° ' 4-338654 1.005259 .320400
43° 1.825602 1.367999' .039028 88° 4. 742717 ' 1.002584 .353166
44° 1.839567 ' 1.359377 ' .041085 89° • 5.434910 11.000752: .403309
45° 1.85407 5 1.350644 ' .043214 90° 00 1.000000 : 1.000000
Values of K, K', E, E', q and q'. 323
Values of the Complete Elliptic Integrals K, K', E, E' and the

" 12 Nomes q and q'.
K = J~----
y1 _k2sin2n' K' = K(k') ; E= Jnf2V 1-k 2 sin 2 {}d{}, E'= E(k')
o q= e-nK'fR; 0 q' = q (k').
k' [( [(' I E I E' I q' k' 2
0.00 1.570796 I 00 1.570796 1.000000 .000000 i 1.000000 1.00

.01 1.574746 I 3.695637 1.566862 1.015994 .000628 .262196 .99
.02 1.578740 3.354141
1 1.562913 1.028595 .001263 .227935 .98
.03 1.582780 3.155875 1.558948 1.039947 .001904
.04 1.586868 3.016112 1.554969 1.050502 .002551
I .206880 .97
.191496 .96
.05 1.591003 2.908337 1.550973 1.060474 .003206 .179316 .95
.06 1.595188 2.820752 1.546963 1.069986 .003867 .169208 .94
.07 1.599423 2.747073 1.542936 1.079121 .004536 .160554 .93
.08 1.603710 2.683551 1.538893 1.087938 ' .005211 .152981 .92
.09 1.608049 2.627773 1.534833 1.096478 .005894 .146244 .91
.10 1.612441 2.578092 1.5307 58 1.104775 .006585 .140173 .90
.11 1.616889 2.533335 1.526665 1.112856 .007283 I .134646 .89
.12 1.621393 2.492635 1.522555 1.120742 .007989 .129571 .88
.13 1.625955 2.455338 1. 518428 1.128451 .008703 .124880 .87
.14 1.630576 2.420933 1.514284 1.135998 .009425 .120517 .86
.15 1.635257 2.389016 1. 510122 1.143396 .010156 .116439 .85
.16 1.640000 2.359264 1.505942 1.150656 .010895 .112610 84
.1 7 1.644806 2.331409 1.501743 1.157787 .011643 I .109002 .83
.18 1.649678 2.305232 1.497 526 1.164798 .012401 I .105589 .82
.19 1.654617 2.280549 1.493290 1.171697 .013167 .102352 .81
.20 1.659624 2.257205 1.489035 1.178490 .013943 ! .099274 .80
.21 1.664701 12.235068 1.484 761 1.185183 .014728 .096338 .79
.22 1.669850 2.214022 1.480466 1.191781 .015 524 .093533 .78
.23 1.675073 ; 2.193971 1.4 76152 1.198290 .016329 .090848 .77
.24 1.680373 2.174827 1.471818 1.204714 .017146 .088271 .]6
.25 1.685750 2.156516 1.467462 1.211056 .017972 .085796 . 75
.26 1.691208 2.138970 1.463086 1.217321 .018810 .083413 .74
.27 1.696749 2.122132 1.458688 1.223512 .019659 .081117 .]3
.28 1. 702374 2.105948 1.454269 1.229632 .020520 .078902 .72
.29
.30
. 31
1. 708087 2.090373
1. 713889 2.07 5363
1.719785 2.060882
1.449827 1.235684 i .021393
1.445363 1.241671 • .022277
1.440876 1.247595 .02317 5
.076761
.074690
.072685
I . 71
.70
.69
.32 1. 725776 2.046894 1.4 36366 t.z53458 I .024085 .070741 .68
.33 1.731865 2.033369 1.431832 1.259263 .025009 .068854 .67
.34 1.738055 2.020279 1.427274 1.265013 .025946 .067023 .66
.35 1.744351 2.007 598 1.422691 1.270707 .026898 .065242 .65
.36 1.750754 1.995303 1.418083 1.276350 .027864 .063510 .64
.37 1. 7 57269 1.983371 1.413450 1.281942 .028845 .061825 .63
.38 1. 763898 1.971783 1.408791 1.287484 .029842 .060182 .62
.39 1. 77064 7 1.960521 1.404105 1.292979 .030854 .058582 .61
.40 1.777519 1.949568
1 1.399392 1.298428 .031883 .057020 .60
.41 1.784519. 1.938908 1.394652 1.303832 .032929 .055496 .59
.42 1.791650 1.921\526 1.31\9883 1.309192 .033993 .054008 .58
.43 1.798911\ 1.918410 1.385086 1.314511 .03507 5 .052554 .57
.44 1.806328 1.908547 1.380259 1.319788 .03617 5 .051133 .56
.45 1.813884 1.898925 1.37 5402 1.325024 .037296 .049742 .55
.46 1.821593 1.889533 1.370515 1. 330223 .038436 .048382 .54
.47 1.829460 1.880361 1.365596 1.335382 .039597 .047050 .53
.48 1.837491 1.871400 1.360645 ; 1.340505 .040780 .045745 .52
.49 1.845694 1.862641 1.355661 1.345592 .041985 .044467 51
.so .so
0
1.85407 5 1.85407 5 : 1.350644 1.3 50644 .043214 I .043214

[(' [( E' E q' q k'
21*
324 Appendix.
V alues of the Incomplete Elliptic Integral of the First Kind, F ( rp, k).
F(rp, k) = IV rp
-c
1-
--'--==.
d{}
k 2 sin 2 {}
0
9'
sin- 1 k 1- ----
0'
- - - ------- ------
so 10' 15' 2C 0
--- -----
25' 30°
I
00 0.000000 0.087266 0.174533! 0.261799 0.349066 o-436332 I o.s23599

10 .000000 .087266 .174533 i .261800 .349068 .436336 .523606
20 .000000 .087267 .174534 .261803 -349074 .436349 I .523626
30 .000000 .087267 .174535 .261807 .349085 .436369 . 523661
40 .000000 .087267 .174537! .261814 .349100 .436397 . 523709
so .000000 .087267 .17454o I .261822 .349118 .436434 .523771
60 .000000 .087268 .174543 I .261832 .349141 .436478 . .523847
70 .000000 .087268 .174546: .261843 .349169 .436530 .523936
so .000000 .087269 .174550 .261857 .349200 .436591 .524038
90 .000000 .087269 .174554 i .261872 .349235 .436659 .524155
10° .000000 I .087270 i .174559' .261888 .34927 5 .436735 -524284
11° .000000 .087270 I .174565 .261907 .349318 .436819 . 524427
12° .000000 .087271 ' .174571 ' .261927 .349366 .4 36910 .524583
13° .000000 .087272 .174578 .261949 .349417 .437010 .5247 51
14° .000000 .087273 .174585 .261972 .349472 .437116 .524933
15 ° .000000 .087274 .174592 .261997 .349531 .437230 .525128
16° .000000 .08727 5 .174600; .262024 .349594 ' .437351 . 525 334
1 7° .000000 .087276 .1746o8 .262052 .349660 .437480 .525554
18° .000000 .087277 .174617 .262082 ; .349730 .437615 .525785
19° .000000 .087278 .174626 ! .262113 i .349803 I .437757 .S26o29
20° .000000 ! .087279 .1746361 .262146 ! .349880 i .437906 .526284
21° .oooooo 1 .087281 .174646 .262180 i .349960 I .438062 .526551
22° .000000 .087282 .174657 .262215 : -350044 .438224 .526829
2r .000000 .087283 .174668 .262252 .350131 438393 .527111l
24° .000000 .087285 .174679 .262290 -350220 .438567 .527418
25° .000000 .087286 .174691 ' .262329 I .350313 . .438748 .527728
26° .000000 .087288 .174703 .262370 i .350409 ' .438934 .528049
27° .000000 .Of\7289 .174715 .262411 1 -350508 i .439126 . 528380
28° .000000 .087291 .174728 .2624 54 -350609 .439324 1.528720
29° .000000 .087292 .174741 .262498 -350712 .439526 1.529070
30° .000000 .087294 .174754 .262542 .350819 .439734 i .529429
31° .000000 .087296 .174767 .262588 I -350927 I .439946 .529796
32° .000000 .087298 .174781! .262635 i -351038 ! .440163 -530172
33° .000000 .087299 .174795! .2626821 .351151 1 .440384 .530555
34° .000000 .087301 .174809 .262731 -351266 .440609 .530946
35° .000000 .Of\7303 I .1748241 .262780 .351382 .440838 ! -531344
36° .000000 .0873051 .1748391 .262829 -351501 .441071 -531749
37° .000000 .087307 .174853' .262880 -351621 .441307 .532160
38° .000000 .Of\7308 .174868 .262931 -351742: .441546 .532577
39° .000000 .087310 .174884 .262982 .351865 i .441788 .533000
40° .000000 .087312 .174899 .263034 -351989 .442032 -533427
41° .000000 '
.087314 .174914 .263086 .352114 .442279 .533859
42° .000000 .087316 .174930 .263138 -352239 .442528 -534295
43° .000000 .087318 .174945 .263191 1 -352366 .442778 -534735
44° .000000 ! .087320 .174961 .263244 ! .352493 .443030 .535178
4 5° .000000 .087322 .174976 .263297 i .352620 .443282 -535623
0' '0 10° 15° 2C' 25° 30'
1-
! !
- ----- ------- -- ----------
sin- 1 k
'P
Values of the incompletc clliptic integral of thc first kind. 325
F(rp, k) = Jyccc=-- .
'P
d{}
1 - k 2 sin 2 0
0
_::_I
rp
-·------------ - ----------------
o" 5" 10° 15° 20° 25° 30°

I
45° o.oooooo I o.o87322 0.174976 0.263297 0.352620 : 0.443282 0.535623

46° .000000 I .087324 .174992 .263350 -352747 • .443536 -536070
47° .000000 .087326 .175007 .263403 .352875; .443790 -536518
48° .000000 I .087328 .175023 .263456 -353003 .444044 -536968
49° .000000 I .087330 .175o38 1 .263509 -353130 .444298 -53741il
50° .000000 .087331 .1750541 .263562 -353257 .444552 -537868
51° .000000 .087333 .17 5069 .263614 -353384 .444804 -538317
52° .000000 .087335 .175084 .263666 .353510 .445056 -538764
53° .000000 .087337 .175100 .263718 -353635 .445306 -539210
54° .000000 .087339 .175115 .263769 -353758 .44 55 55 -539654
55' .000000 .087341 I .175129 .263820 -353881 .44 5801 -540094
w .000000 .087343 .17 5144 .263870 -354003 .446045 -540531
5 7° .000000 .087344 .175158 .263920 -354123 I .446287 -540963
58° .000000 .087346 .175173 .263968 -354241 .446525 -541391
59' .000000 .087348 .175187 .264016 -354358 .446760 -541813
60° .000000 .087350 .17 5200 .264064 -354472 .446991 -542229
61° .000000 .087351 .175214 .264110 -354585 .447218 .542639
62° .000000 .087353 .175227
I .264155 -354695 .447442 -543041
63° .000000 .087355 .175240 .264199 -354803 .447660 .543436
64° .000000 .087356 .1 7 5252 .264243 -354908 .447873 -543822
65° .000000 .087358 .175265 .264285 -355011 .448082 -544199
66° .000000 .087359 .175276 I .264326 -355111 .448285 -544567
67° .000000 .08 7360 . .17 5288 . .264365 -355208 .448482 -544925
68° .000000 .08 7362 .175299 .264404 -355302 .448673 .54 5272
69° .000000 .087363 .175310 .264441 -355392 .448857 .54 5608
70° .000000 .087364 .175320 .264476 .355480 .449035 -545932
71° .000000 .087366 .175330 .264511 -355563 -449206 -546244
72° .000000 .087367 ! .175339 .264543 -355644 .449370 -546543
73° .000000 .087368 I .175349 .264575 .355720 i .449526 -546829
74° .000000 .087369 .175357 . 264604 -355793 .44967 5 . -547102
7 5° .000000 .087370 .175365 .264632 -355862 .449816 .547360
76' .000000 .087371 .175373 .264659 -355927' -449949 -547604
77° .000000 .087372 . 175380 .264684 -355988 . .450074 .547832
78° .000000 .087373 .175387 .264707 -356045 .4 50190 .548046
79° .000000 .087373 .175393 I .264728 -356097 .450298 -548244
80° .000000 . .087374 ' .175399 .264748 -356146 .450397 .548425
81° .000000 .087375 .175404 .264765 -356189 .450487 -548591
82° .000000 .087375 .175408 .264781 -356229 .450568 . 548 739
83° .000000 .087376 ' .175412 .264796 1 -356264 .450639 -548871
84° .000000 .087376 I .175416 .264808 -356294 .4 50702 .548986
85° .000000 I .087377 .175419 .264818 -356320 .450755 .549084
86° .000000 .087377 .17 5421 .264827 -356341 .4 50798 -549163
87° .000000 .087377 .17 5423 .264834 -356357 ~ .4 50832 .549226
88° .000000 .087377 .175425 .264838 -356369 .450856 -549270
89° .000000 .087377
I .175426 .264841 -356376 .450870 .549297
90° .000000 .087377 .17 5426 .264842 -356379 .450875 -549306
oo 50 100 15° 20° 25° 30°

sin- 1 k 1-·-· 'P
326 Appendix.
fV
rp
d{}
F(([J, k) = . .
1 - k 2 sin 2 {}
0
rp
30' 35' 40' 45' 50' 55'
oo 0.523599 0.610865 0.698132 0.7853981 0.872665 0.959931 1.047198

10 .523606 .610876 .698147 .785420 .872694 .959968 1.047244
20 .523626 .610908 .698194 .785485 . .872780 .960080 1.047385
30 . 523661 .610962 .698273 .785594 .872925 .960267 1.047619
40 .523709 .611o37 I .698382 .785746 .873128 .96os28 1 1.047946
so .523771 .611133 .698523 . 785941 .873388 .960864 1.048367
60 .523847 .611251 .698695 . 786180 .873706 .96127 5 1.048882
70 .523936 .611390 .698898 .786462 .874082 .961760 1.049490
8o .524038 .611550 .699132 .786786 .874516 .962319 1.050193
90 .524155 .611731 .699396 .787154 .875007 .962953 1.050989
10° .524284 .611933 .699692 .787565 .87 5555 .963662 1.051879
11° .524427 .612156 .700017 .788018 .876161 .964445 1.052863
12° .524 583 .612399 .700374 .788514 .876824 .965302 1.053942
13° .524751 .612663 .700760 . 789052 .877 544 .966234 1.055114
14° .524933 .612947 I .701176 .789632 .878321 .967240 1.056381
15° . 525128 .613251 I . 701622 .790254 .879154 .968320 1.057742
16° .525334 .613575 .702097 .790918 .880044 .969474 1.059198
17° . 525 5 54 .613919 .702602 .791622 .880990 .970703 1.060749
18° .525785 .614281 .703135 .792368 .881992 .972005 1.062394
19° .526029 .614663 .703697 .793155 .883049 .973380 1.064134
20° .526284 .615064 .704287 . 793981 .884162 ·974830 1.065969
21° .526551 .615483 .704905 .794848 .885330 .976352 1.067899
22° .526829 .615921 .705550 .795754 .886553 .977948 1.069924
23° .527118 .616376 .706223 .796699 .887829 .979617 1.072044
24° .527418 .616849 .706922 . 797683 .889160 .981358 1.074260
25° .527728 .617339 . 707647 .798705 .890544 .983171 1.076570
26° .528049 .617845 .708398 . 799765 .891981 .985057 1.078976
27° .528380 .618368 .709174 .800861 .893470 .987014 1.081477
28° .528720 .618907 .70997 5 .801994 .895011 .989042 1.084073
29° .529070 .619461 . 710799 .803162 .896603 .991141 1.086765
30° .529429 .620030 .711647 .804366 .898245 .993311 1.089551
31° .529796 .620614 .712518 .805604 .899937 .995550 1.092431
32° .530172 .621211 .713411 .806876 .901679 .997857 1.095407
33° .530555 .621822 .714326 .808180 .903468 I 1.000234 1.098476
34° .530946 .622446 .715261 .809516 .90530411.002677 1.101639
35° .531344 .623082 . 716216 .810883 -907187 1.005188 1.104895
36° .531749 .623730 .717191 .812280 .909115 1.007764 1.108245
37° .532160 .624389 .718183 .813706 .911087 1.010406 1.111686
38° .532577 .625058 .719193 .815160 .913101 1.013110 1.115219
39° .533000 .625737 .720220 .816641 .915158 1.015878. 1.118843
40° .533427 .626426 . 721262 I .818148 .917255 1.018706 i 1.122557
41° .533859 .627122 .722319 .819678 .919391 1.021595 I 1.126359
42° .534295 .627826 .723390 .821232 .921564 1.024541 1.130249
43° .534735 .628537 .724473 .822808 .923773 1.0275441 1.134225
44° .535178 .629254 .725567 .824403 I .926015 1.030602 1.138285
45° .535623 .629977 .726672 .8260181 .928290 1.033713 1.142429
I !
30' !
i 35' 40' 45' 50' 55' 60'
I I
sin- 1 k
'P
Values of the incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind. 327
f v--=-==·
'P
d{}
F(cp, k) = 1 -- k 2 sin 2 {}
0
sin- 1 k I 30° 35° 40°

I
'P
45° 50° 55°
45° 0.535623 0.629977 0.726672 0.8260181 0.928290 1.033713 1.142429

46° .536070 .630704 .727786 .827649 1 -930596 1.036874 1.146654
47° .536518 .631434 -728908 .8292961 .932929 1.040084 1.150957
48° .536968 .632168 -730036 .830957 -935288 1.043339 1.155337
49° .537418 .632903 -731170 .832630 . .937671 1.046638 1.159791
50° .537868 .633639 .732308 .834312 i .940076 1.049977 1.164316
51° .538317 .634376 .733448 .836003 I .942499 1.053354 1.168909
52° .538764 .635111 -734590 .837700 .944938 1.056764 1.173567
53° -539210 .635845 .735731 .839401 I .947390 1.060205 1.178284
54° .539654 .636576 .736870 .841103 .949852 1.063672 1.183058
55° .540094 .637304 .738006 .842805 -952321 1.067163 1.187884
56° .540531 .638026 -739138 .844505 .954794 1.070671 1.192756
57° .540963 .638743 -740262 .846199 .957267 1.074194 1.197670
58° .541391 .639453 -741379 .847885 .959737 1.077725 1.202619
59° .541813 .640156 .742485 .849561 .962200 1 1.081261 1.207 597
60° .542229 .640849 .743581 .8512241 .964652 1.084794 1.212597
61° .542639 .641533 .744663 .852871 .967089 1.088321 1.217611
62° .543041 .642206 -745730 .854500 .969506 1.091834 1.222631
63° .543436 .642867 -746781 .856108 .971901 1.095328 1.227650
64° .543822 .643515 .747813 .857692 .974268 1.098796 1.23265 7
65° .544199 .644149 .748825 .859249 -976602 1.102231 1.237642
66° .544567 .644768 .749815 .860777 .978899 1.105625 1.242596
67° .544925 .645371 -750781 .862271 .981155 1.108972 1.247506
68° .545272 .645958 -751722 .863731 .983364 1.112264 1.252362
69° .545608 .646526 .752636 .865151 .985522 1.115492 1.257151
70° .545932 .64707 5 -753521 .866530 .987623 1.118649,1.261860
71° .546244 .647604 -754375 .867864 .989662 1.121726 1.266475
72° .546543 .648112 -755197 .869151 .991635 1.124715 1.270982
73° .546829 .648598 . 7 5 5985 .870388 -993537. 1.127607 1.275367
74° .547102 .649062 -756738 .871572 .995362 1.130394 1.279615
75° .547360 .649502 .757454 .872699 .997105 1.133066 1.283710
76° .547604 .649918 -758131 .873768 .998763 1.135616 1.287637
770 .547832 .650309 .758768 .874776 1.000329 1.13803411.291380
78° .548046 .650674 -759364 .875720 1.001801 1.140313 1.294924
79° .548244 .651013 -759917 .876599 1.003172 i 1.142444 1.298254
80° .548425 .651324 .760426 .877408 1.004439 I 1.144419 !1.301353
81° .548591 .651607 .760891 .878148 1.005599 1.146231 11.304208
82° .548739 .651863 . 761309 .878815 1.006647 1.147873 1.306805
8'0 .548871 .652089 .761681 .879408 1.007 580 1.149338 1.309130
'~
84° .548986 .652286 -762005 .879925 1.008395 1.150620! 1.311172
0"0
OJ .549084 .652454 .762280 I .880365 1.009089 1.151715,1.312919
86° .549163 .652591 .762506 .880727 1.009660 1.152617 1.314362
87° .549226 .652698 .762682 .881009 1.010107 1.153322! 1.315493
88° .549270 .65277 5 .762808 .881211 1.010427 1.153828 I 1.316305
89° .549297 .652821 .762884 .881333 1.01061911.154133,1.3 16794
90° .549306 .652837 .762910 .881374 1.010683 1.154235 1.316958
I I
I 30" 35° 40° 45° 50°
sin- 1 k - - - - - ' - - - - - - ' - - - - - ' - - - - ' 1 ' - - ' - - - - - - ' - - - -
55° 60°
328 Appendix.
=jV,_
'P
F(cp, k) d-~---=~.
1 - k 2 sin 2 !'1-
o
65' 70' 80° 85'
I I I
0° 1.047198 1.134464 1.221730 11.308997. 1.396263 1.483530 11.570796
1° 1.047244 1.134521 1.221799 I 1.309078 : 1.39635711.483636 1.570916
2° 1.047385 1.134693 1.222005 1.309320 11.396637 I 1.483955 1.571275
3° 1.047619 1.134979 1.222348. 1.309723 . 1.397104 1.484488 1.571874
4° 1.047946 1.135380 1.222828 1.310288 1.397758 1.485233 1.572712
5° 1.048367 1.135895 1.223446 1.311015 I 1.398599 1.486193 1.573792
6° 1.048882, 1.136526 1.2242o2 1.3119o5 I 1.399629 1.487368 1.575114
7° 1.049490 1.137271 1.225096 1.312957 1.400848 1.488758 1.576678
8° 1.050193 1.138132 · 1.226128 1.314173. 1.402256 11.490365 1.578487
9° 1.050989 1.139107 1.227299 1.315553 ! 1.403855 I 1.492189 1.580541
10° 1.051879 1.140199 1.228610. 1.317098 1.405645. 1.494234 1.582843
11° 1.052863 11.141407 1.230061 1.318808. 1.407628 1.496499 1.585394
12° 1.053942. 1.142730 1.231652 1.320685 1.409806 1.498986 1.588197
13° 1.055114 1.144171 1.233384 1.322730 1.412179 1.501699 1.591254
14° 1.056381 1.145728 1.235258 1.324943 1.414749 1.504637 1.594568
15° 1.057742: 1.147402 1.237275 I 1.327326 . 1.417518 1.507805 1.598142
16° 1.059198: 1.149195 1.239435 1.329880 1.420487 1.511205 1.601979
17° 1.060749. 1.151105 1.241739 1.332607' 1.423660 1.514838 1.606081
18° 1.062394 1.153134 1.244188 1.335508 ! 1.427037 '1.518709 1.610454
19° 1.064134 1.155282 1.246784 1.338585 '1.430622 1.522820 1.615101
20° 1.065969 1.157550 1.249526 1.341839. 1.434416 1.527174 1.620026
21° 1.067899 1.159937 1.252417 1.34 5272 1.438422 1.531776 1.625234
22° 1.069924 1.162445 1.255457 1.348886 1.442644 1.536629 1.630729
23° 1.072044 1.165075 1.258647. 1.352683 1.447084 1.541736 1.636517
1.074260 1.167825 1.261990 I 1.356665 1.451745 1.547103 1.642604
1.076570; 1.170698 1.265485 1.360835 1.456630 1.552734 1.648995
1.078976 1.173694 1.269134 1.365194 1.461744 1.558633 1.655697
1.081477 1.176812 1.272939 1.3697441. 1.467089 I 1.568407 1.662716
1.o84o73 1.18oo55 1.2769oo · 1.37449o 1.47267o 1.571259 1.67oos9 1
1.086765 1.183421 1.281021 ! 1.379432 1.478490 1.577997 1.677735

1.089551 1.186913 1.285301 I 1.384575 1.484555 1.585026 1.685750
1.092431 1.190529 1.289742' 1.389920 1.490868 1.592353 1.694114
1.095407 1.194272 1.294346: 1.395470 1.497434 1.599984 1.702836
1.098476 1.198140 1.299115 i 1.401229 1.504258 1.607927 1.711925
1.101639 1.202135 1.304049 I 1.407201 1.511346 1.616189 1.721391
1.104895 1.206257 1.309151 1.413387 . 1.518703 1.624779 1.731245
1.108245 1.210505 1.314422. 1.419792 1.526335 1.633704 1.741499
1.111686 1.214882 1.319864: 1.426419 I 1.534248 1.642974 1.752165
1.115219 1.219335 1.325478 1.433272 1.542447 11.652599 1.763256
1
1.118843 1.224016 1.331265 1.440354 11.550941 '1.662588 1.774786

1.122557 1.228775 1.337228 1.447669! 1.559734 1.672952 1.786769
1.126359 1.233661 1.343368 . 1.455222 '1.568836 1.683703 1.799222
1.130249 1.238674 1.349685 11.463016 1.578253 1.694852 1.812160
1.134225 1.243813 1.356182 1.471055 1.587993 1.706411 1.825602
1
1.138285 1.249079 1.362860 11.479343 I 1.598065 1.718395 1.839567

1.142429 1.254470' 1.369719 1.48788511.60847711.730817 1.854075
I I I
Values of the incomplete clliptic integral of the first kind. 329
F(q;, k) =! 'P
d{}
V1-k 2 sin 2 {}
..
75'
I
I
45° 1.142429 • 1.254470 1.369719 1.487885 11.608477 1.730817 1.85407 5

46° 1.146654 1.259985 1.376761 1.496684 1.619238 1 1.743693 1.869148
47° 1.150957. 1.265623 1.38398 7 1.505746 : 1.630357 1.757037 1.884809
48° 1.155337 : 1.271382 1.391396 1.515074 1.641845 1. 770868 1.901083
49° 1.159791 11.277261 1.398990 1.524673 1.653710 1.785203 1.917998
50° 1.164316. 1.283258 1.406769 1.534546 1.665965 1.800062 1.935581
51° 1.168909 . 1.2893 70 1.414731 1.544698 1.678620 1.815464 I 1.953865
52° 1.173567' 1.295594 1.422877 1.555134 1.691687 1.831431 11.972882
53° 1.178284 1.301927 1.431206 1.565855 1 1.705176 1. 84 7986 ; 1. 9926 70
54° 1.183058 1.308366 1.4 39716 1.576867 1 1.719101 1.865154 12.013267
55° 1.187884' 1.314906 1.448404 1.588172 1.733474 1.882961 2.034715
56° 1.192756 1.321541 1.457269 1.599774 1.748309 1 1.901436 2.057062
57° 1.197670 1.328268 1.466307 1.611674 i 1.763618 1.920608 2.080358
58° 1.202619 ' 1.335079 1.475514 1.623874 1. 779415 1.940509 2.104658
59° 1.207 597 1.341968 1.484884 1 1.636376. 1.795714 1.961174 2.130021
60° 1.212597 1.348926 1.494411 1.649179! 1.812530 1.982640 2.156516
61° 1.217611 1.355946 1.504088 1.662282 • 1.82987 5 2.004946 2.184213
62° 1.222631 1.363018 1.513906 1.675684 1 1.847765 2.028136 2.213195
63° 1.227650 1.370131 1.523855 1.689379 1.866214 2.052255 2.243549
1
640 1.232657 1.377273 . 1.533923 1.703364 1.885233 2.077352 2.275376

65° 1.237642; 1.384432 1.544097 1. 717629 1.904837 2.103482 2.308787
66° 1.242596 1. 391594 1.554360 1.732165 I 1.925035 2.130701 2.343905
67° 1.247506; 1.398743 ! 1.564694 1.746958 1.945838 2.159071 • 2.380870
68° 1.252362 I 1.405862 1.5 7 5079 j, 761991 I 1.967252 2.188658 i 2.419842
69° 1.257151 1.412934 1.585492 1.777243 I 1.989282 2.219536 I 2.460999
70° 1.261860 1.419938 1.595906 1. 79268 7 2.011928
1 2.251780 12.504550
71° 1.26647 5 1.426854 1.60629211.808293 I 2.035183 2.285473 12.550731
72° 1.270982 I 1.433659 1.616616 1.824023 12.059036 2.320704 '2.599820
73° 1.27 5367 1.440330 1.626843 1 1.839830 2.083464 2.357566 I 2.652138
74° 1.279615 I 1.446840' 1.636931 1.855662 2.108433 2.396156 2.708068
75° 1.283710 I 1.453164 1.646837 1.871454 2.133895 2.436576 2.768063
76° 1.287637 I 1.459273 . 1.656512 1.887133 ; 2.159783 2.478927 2.832673
770 1.291380 ~ 1.465138 '1.665905 1.902614 2.186005 2.523307 2.902565
78° 1.294924 1.470732 1.674959 1.917798 2.212440 2.569803 2.978569
79° 1.298254 1.4 76022 1.683616 1.932576 '2.238930
1 2.618477 3 .o61729
1
80° 1.301353 1.480980; 1.691815 1.946822 2.265273 2.669350 I 3.153385

81° 1.304208 1.485576 1.699492 1.960402 2.291215 1 2. 722372 3.255303
82° 1.306805 1.489780 . 1. 706585 1.973167 2.316439 2. 777367 I 3.369868
83° 1.309130; 1.493565 i 1.713028 1.984960 2.340563 2.833963 I 3.500422
84° 1.311172! 1.496904: 1.718760 1.995621 2.363137 2.891467 '3.651856
85° 1.312919 1.499774 1. 723 724 2.004988 2.383647 2.948689 3.831742
86° 1.314362 1.502153 1.727865 2.012905 2.401534 3.003709 4.0527 58
87° 1.315493 1.504024 1.731138 2.019229 ' 2.416224 3.053629 4.338654
88° 1.316305 11.505370' 1.733505 2.o23341 1 2.42718o 3.09448914.742717
89° 1.316794 i 1.506183 1.734936 2.026647 ! 2.433953 3.121698 5.434910
90° 1.316958 I 1.506454 I 1.735415 2.027 589 . 2.436246 3.1313o1 I 00
I I I
65'
I I
75°
I
1.. 850
330 Appendix.
V alues of the Incomplete Elliptic Integral of the Second Kind, E( cp, k).
J V1 -
'P
E(cp, k) = k 2 sin 2 iJ d iJ.
0
sin-'k 1--o-o-~--5-,----,----10-,-...,---~-:-o---,----2-0-,-.,.----25-o-...,---3-0-'-
I
oo 0.000000 0.0872661 0.1745331 0.261799 0.349066 0.436332 0.523599

10 .000000 .087266] .174533 .261798 .349064 .436328 .523592
20 .000000 .087266 .174532 .261796 .349057 .436316 -523571
30 .000000 .0872661 .174531 .261791 .349047 .436296 .523537
40 .000000 .087266 .174529 .261785 .349032 .436267 .523489
so .000000 .os7266 I .174526 .261777 .349013 .436231 -523427
60 .000000 .087265 . .174523 .261767 .348990 .436187 -523351
70 .000000 .087265 .174520 .2617 56 .348963 .436134 .523262
so .000000 .087264 .174516 .261742 .348932 .436074 .523160
90 .000000 .087264 .174511 I .261727 .348896 .436006 .523044
10° .000000 .087263 .174506 .261710 .348857 .435930 .522915
11°
12°
.oooooo I .087262 .174501 .261692 .348814 .435847 .522773
.000000 .087262 .174495 .261672 .348767 .435756 .522618
13° .000000 .087261 .174488 .261650 .348715 .435657 .522451
140 .000000 .087260 .174481 .261627 .348661 .435551 .522270
15° .000000 .087259 .174474 .261602 .348602 .435438 .522078
16° .000000 .087258 .174466 .261575 .348540 .435318 .521873
17° .000000 .087257 .174458 .261547 .348474 .435190 .521657
18° .000000 .087256 I .174449 .261517 .348404 .435056 .521428
19° .000000 .087255 ! .174440 .261486 .348331 .434916 .521189
20° .000000 .087254 I .174430 .261454 .348255 .434768 .520938
21° .000000 .os7252 1 .174420 .261420 .348175 .434615 .520676
22° .000000 I .os72s1 I .174409 .261385 .348093 .434455 .520404
23° .000000 .087250 .1743981 .261348 .348007 .434289 .520121
24° .000000 .os724s I .174387 .261311 .347918 .434117 -519828
25° .000000 i .os7247 I .174375 .261272 .347826 .433940 .519526
26° .000000 I .087245 .174364 .261231 .347732 .4337 58 .519214
27° .000000 1 .os7244 1 .174351 .261190 .347635 .433570 .518894
28° .oooooo I .087242 I .174339 .261148 .347535 .433377 .518565
29° .000000 j .os724o 1 .174326 .261104 i .347433 .433180 .518227
30° .000000 I .087239 I .174312 .261060 .347329 .432977 .517882
31° .000000 .087237 .1742991 .261015 .347222 .432771 .517529
32° .000000 .087235 .174285 .260969 .347113 .432561 .517169
33° .000000 .087234 .174271 .260922 .347003 .432347 . 516803
34° .000000 .087232 .174257 .260874 .346890 .432129 .516430
35° .000000 I .087230 .174243 .260826 .346776 .431908 .516052
36° .oooooo 1 .os722s 1 .174228 .260777 .346661 .431684 .515668
37° .000000 .0872261 .174213 .260727 .346544 .431457 .515280
38° .oooooo I .087225 .174199 .260677 .346426 .431227 .514886
39° .oooooo 1 .087223 .174183 .260626 .3463071 .430996 .514489
40° .000000 I .087221 .174168 .260575 .346186 .430762 .514089
41° .000000 .087219 .174153 .260524 .346065 .430527 .513685
42° .000000 I .087217 .174138 .260473 .3459431 .430291 .513279
43° .000000 . .087215 .174122 .260421 .34 5821 .430053 .512870
44° .000000 I .087213 i .174107 .260369 .345699 .429814 .512460
45° .000000 .os7211 I .174092 .260317 .345576 I .429575 .512049
I i I i
sin-1 k , _ _o_o_ __.___s_o_ _ ! __ _ lo_'---'---1-:-0_ _,__2_o'_ __,___
zs_'_-'..__3_oo__
Values of the incomplete elliptic integral of the second kind. 331
V1- k2sin2 {}d{}.

'f!
E(q;, k) = f
0
sin-•k 11--oo------,---So-~--10-o-~--1:-o---,----2-0o-~--2S-o-~-3-0-o- !
45° 0.000000 0.087211 0.174092 0.260317 0.345576 0.42957 5 0.512049

46° .000000 .087209 .174076 .260265 .345453 .429336 .511638
47° .000000 .087207 .174061 .260213 .345330 .429097 .511226
48° .000000 .087205 .174045 .260161 .345207 .428858 .510815
49° .000000 .087203 .174030 .260109 I .345085 .428619 .510404
50° .000000 .087202 .174015 ' .260058 .344963 .428382 .509995
51° .000000 ! .087200 .174000 .260007 .344842 .428146 .509588
52° .oooooo 1 .087198 .173984 .259956 .344722 .427911 .509183
53° .oooooo I .087196 .173970 .259906 .344602 .427679 .508781
54 ° .oooooo I .087194 .173955 .259856 .344484 .427448 .508383
55 ° .000000 .087192 .173940 .259806 .344367 .427219 .507988
56° .000000 .087190 .173926 .2597 58 .344252 .426994 .507 598
57° .000000 .087189 .173911 .259710 .344138 .426771 . 507213
58° .000000 .087187 .173897 .259662 .344025 .426551 .506833
59° .000000 .087185 .173884 .259616 .343915 .426335 .506460
60° .000000 .087183 .173870 .259570 .343806 .426123 .506092
61° .000000 .087182 .173857 .259525 ;343700 .425915 .505731
62° .000000 .087180 .173844 I .259481 .343596 .425711 .505378
63° .000000 .087179 .173831 I .259438 .343494 .425512 .505033
64° .000000 .087177 .173819 .259397 .343395 .425317 .504695
65° .000000 .087176 .173807 .259356 .343298 .425128 .504367
66° .000000 .087174 .173795 .259316 .343204 .424944 .504047
67° .000000 .087173 .173784 .259278 .343113 .424765 .503737
68° .000000 .087171 .173773 .259241 .343025 .424592 .503437
69° .000000 .087170 .173762 .2592051 .342940 .424425 .503147
70° .000000 .087169 .173752 .259171 .342858 .424265 .502868
71° .000000 .087167 .173742 .259138 .342780 .424111 .502600
72° .000000 .087166 .173733 .259106 .342704 .423963 .502344
73° .000000 .087165 .173724 .259076 .342633 .423823 .502099
74° .000000 .087164 .173716 .259048 .342S6s I .423689 .501866
7 5° .000000 .087163 .173708 .259021 .342500 I .423563 .501646
76° .000000 .087162 .173700 .258995 .342440 .423444 .501439
770 .000000 .087161 .173693 .258971 .342383 .423332 .501245
78° .000000 .087161 .173687 .258949 .342330 .423228 .501064
79° .000000 .087160 .173681 .258929 .342281 .423132 .500896
80° .000000 .087159 .173675 .258910 .342236 .423044 .500742
81° .000000 .087158 .173670 .258893 .342196 .422964 .500603
82° .000000 .087158 .173665 .258877 .342159 .422892 .500477
83° .000000 .087157 .173661 .258864 .342127 .422828 .500366
84° .000000 .087157 .173658 .258852 i .342099 .422773 .500269
85° .000000 .087157 .173655 .258842 .342075 .422726 .500187
86° .000000 .087156 .173653 .258834 .342055 .422687 .500120
87° .000000 .087156 .173651 .258827 .342040 .422657 .sooo68
88° .000000 .087156 .173649 .258823 .342029 .422635 .500030
89° .000000 .087156 .173648 .258820 .342022 .422623 .500008
90° .000000 .087156 .173648 .258819 .342020 .422618 .sooooo
.I
sm-•k oo - - I- · -so- - -I
-------
10° 1S0 20° 2S 0 30°
332 Appendix.
'P
E(q;, k) = J V1-k2 sin2{}d{}.
0
sin-•k 1-----------------
30" w I__ _ I 40' 45" 50' 55' 60'
oo 0.523599 0.6108651 0.6981321 0.785398 0.872665 0.959931 1.047198

10 .523592 .610854 I .698116 I .785376 .872636 -959894 1.047151
20 .523571 .610822 I .698069 I .785311 .872549 .959782 1.047011
30 .523537 .610769 .697991 I .785203 .872404 -959595 1.046777
40 .523489 .610694 .697881 : .785051 .872202 -959335 1.046450
so .523427 .610597 .697741 i .784856 .871942 -959000 1.046030
60 .523351 .610480 .697569 I .784618 .871625 -958591 1.045518
70 .523262 .610341 .697367 ! -784337 .871251 .958108 1.044913
8o .523160 .610182 1 .697134 ' -784014 .870820 .957553 1.044216
90 .523044 .61C001 1 .696871 .783649 .870333 .956925 1.043429
10° .522915 .609801 i .696578 .783242 .869790 .956225 1.042550
11° .522773 .609579 .696255 I .782793 .869192 -955453 1.041582
12° .522618 .609338 .695902 i .782303 .868539 -954610 1.040525
13° .522451 .609077 .695521 .781773 .867831 .953697 1.039379
14° .522270 .608796 .695110' . 781203 I .867070 .952715 1.038146
15° .522078 .608496 .694672 ' .7sos93 I .866256 -951664 1.036827
16° .521873 .608176 .694205 -779945 ' .865390 -950545 1.035422
17° .521657 .607838 .693711 ' -779258 .864473 .949360 1.033933
18° .521428 .607482 .693190 .778533 .863505 .948109 1.032360
19° .521189 .607108 .692643 -777771 .862487 .946793 1.030707
20° .520938 .606717 .692070 ! .776974 .861421 .945414 1.028972
21° .520676 .606308 .691471 ~ .776141 .860306 .943972 ! 1.027159
22° .520404 .605882 .690848 ' -775273 .859145 .942470 1.025268
23° .520121 .605441 .690201 -774372 .857939 .940908 1.023301
24° .519828 .604983 .689531 -773437 .856688 .939287 1.021260
25° .519526 .604511 .688838 i .772471 .855393 .937610 1.019147
26° .519214 .604023 .688123 ' .771474 .854057 .935877 1.016962
27° .518894 .603521 .687387 i .770447 .852680 .934090 1.014709
28° .518565 .603006 .686631 .769391 .851263 -932252 1.012389
29° .518227 .602478 .685855 -768307 .849808 .930363 1.010004
30° .517882 .601937 .685060 .767196 .848317 .928425 1.007 556
31° .517 529 .601384 .684248 .766060 .846790 .926440 1.005047
32° .517169 .600820 .683418 .764899 .845230 .924411 1.002480
33° .516803 .600245 .682573 .763715 .843637 .922338 -999857
34° .516430 ' -599660 .681712 .762509 .842014 .920225 -997180
35° .516052 i .599066 .680837 -761283 .840362 .918072 -994452
36° .515668 i .598463 .679948 . 760037 .838683 .915882 -991675
37° .515280 I -597852 .679048 -758773 .836979 .913658 .988852
38° .514886 .597234 .678136 -757493 .835251 .911402 .985986
39° .514489 ' -596610 .677214 -756197 .833501 .909115 .983079
40° .514089 -595979 .676282 -754888 .831732 .906800 .980134
41° .513685 -595343 .675343 -753566 .829944 .904460 -977155
42° .513279 I .594703 .674396 -7 52234 .828141 .902097 -974144
43° .512870 i -594059 .673444 -7 50892 .826323 .899714 -971104
44° .512460 i .593413 .672487 -749542 .824494 .897313 .968039
45° .512049 i -592764 .671525 -748187 .822654 .894897 .964951
I
I
30'
sin- 1 k ---- - --
I ---
35' i 40°
- --
I- 45'
--
50'
--
I 55' 60'
---~-----
q;
Values of the incornplete elliptic integral of thc second kind. 333
q;
E(cp, k) = f V1 --k 2 sin 2 J dß.

c
--so-,-T-55-'-~- 6o 0
0.512049 0.592764 0.671525 0.748187 o.822654 1 o.894897

II
II
1 0.964951
.511638 -592114 .670562 -746826 .820807 .892469 1
.961845
.5112261 -591464 .669597 -745463 .818954 .890030 -958723
.510815 -590813 .668632 . . 744098 .817093 .887 585 -955589
.510404 -590164 .667667 ! . 742733 .815240 .885136 -952446
.509995 . .589517 .666705 .741370 .813383 .882686 .949298
.509588 .588872 .665746 .740011 .811530 .880237 .946149
.509183 . .588231 .664792 -738658 .809682 .877793 .943003
.508781 .587 594 .663843 . 737311 .807842 .875357 .939863
. 508383 . 586962 .662901 -735973 .806012 .872932 -936733
.507988 .586336 .661968 . 73464 5 I .804195 .870521 -933617
.507598 .585716 .661043 -733330 .802393 .868127 i -930519
.507213 .585104 .660129 -732028 I .800608 .865753 .927444
.506833 .584501 .659227 -730742 . 798842 .863403 .924395
.506460 .583906 .658338 -729474 -797099 .861079 .921377
.506092 .583321 .657463 .728224 .795380 .858786 .918393
.505731 .582747 .656603 .726995 -793688 .856525 I .915449
.505378 .582184 .655759 .725789 -792026 .854302 I .912548
.505033 .581633 .654933 .724607 -790395 .852118 .909695
.504695 .581095 .654126 .723451 .788798 .849977 .906895
.504367 .580571 .653338 .722322 .787238 .847883 ' .904151
.504047 .580060 .652572 .721223 -785717 .845838 i -901468
.503737 -579565 .651828 i .720154 .784237 .843846 .898850
. 5034 3 7 . 5 79085 .651106 . . 719117 .782800 .841911 .896303
. 50314 7 . 5 78622 .650409 .718115 .781409 .840035 . .893830
.502868 .578176 .649737 I .717143 .780066 .838221 i .891436
.502600 .577747 . .649091 i .716217 .778773 .836473 • .889126
.502344 -577336 .648472 .715325 -777532 .834793 .886902
.502099 .576945 .647880 .714473 .776345 .833186 .884771
.501866 -576572 .647318 .713662 -775214 .831652 .882735
.501646 -576219 .646785 .712893 -774142 .830196 .880800
.501439 -575887 .646283 .712168 . 77 3130 .828820 .8 78968
.501245 ' -575575 .645812 .711487 . 772179 .827 527 .877244
.501064 .575285 .645373 .710852 .771291 .826319 .875632
.500896 -575016 .644967 .710264 -770469 .825198 .874134
.500742 -574769 .644 593 . . 709724 .769713 .824167 i .872755
.500603 -574545 .644254 ; .709232 .769025 .823228 1 .871497
.500477 -574343 .643949 I • 708790 . 768405 .822382 I .870364
.500366 -574164 .643678 -708398 .767856 .821631 ! .869357
.500269 -574009 .643443 .708057 .767378 .820978 .868480
.500187 -573877 .64 3244 . 707768 .766972' .820422 .867734
.500120 -573769 .643080 .707530 I .766639 i .819966 .867121
.5ooo68 -573685 .642952 .707345 i .7663791 .819611 .866642
.500030 -573625 .642861 .7072131 .766193 .819356 .866300
.500008 -573589 .642806 .707133 . 7660ttzl .819203 .866094
.500000 -573576 .642788 i -707107 . 7660441 .819152 .866025
I I I
300 I w I 40° 4 5' 5C 0

55'
334 Appendix.
V1-=-k
'P
E(rp, k) = f 2 sin 2 'l?d'l?.
0
85' 90'
oo 1.047198 1.134464 1.221730 1.308997 1.396263 I 1.483530 1.570796

10 1.047151 1.134407 1.221662 1.308916 1.396170 ]1.483424 1.570677
20 1.047011 1.134235 1.221456 1.308674 1.395890 1.483104 1.570318
oO
.) 1.046777 1.133949 1.221114 1.308271 1.395424 1.482573 1.569720
40 1.046450 1.133549 1.220634 1.307708 1.394772 1.481829 1.568884
50 1.046030 1.133036 1.220019 1.306983 1.393934 1.480874 1.567809
60 1.045518 1.132408 1.219267 1.306099 1.392910 1.4 79707 1.566497
70 1.044913 1.131668 1.218380 1.305055 1.391702 1.478330 1.564948
8o 1.044216 1.130816 1.217358 1.303853 1.390311 1.476743 1. 563162
90 1.043429 1.129851 1.216202 1.302492 1.388736 1.474947 1.561142
10° 1.042550 1.128776 1.214913 1.300975 1.386979 1.472943 1.558887
11° 1.041582 1.127590 1.213491 1.299301 1.385041 1.470733 1.556400
12° 1.040525 1.126295 1.211937 1.297472 1.382923 1.468317 1.553681
13° 1.0393 79 1.124892 1.210254 1.295489 1.380627 1.465696 1.550732
14° 1.038146 1.123381 1.208441 1.293354 1.378153 1.462874 1.547555
15° 1.036827 1.121763 1.206500 1.291067 1.375504 1.459850 1. 544150
16° 1.035422 i 1.120041 1.204432 1.288631 ; 1.372680 1.456627 1.540522
1 7° 1.03393311.118215 1.20223911.286046 11.369684 1.453207 1. 536670
18° 1.032360 1.116286 1.199923 1.283315 1.366518 1 1.449 591 1.532597
19° 1.030707 1.114257 1.197484 : 1.280440 ' 1. 363183 1.445782 1.528306
20° 1.028972 1.112128 1.194925 I 1.277422 I 1.359682 1.441782 1.523799
21° 1.027159 1.109901 1.192248 1.274263 1.356017 1.437593 1.519079
22° 1.025268 1.107578 1.189455 1.270965 ' 1.352190 1.433218 1.514147
23° 1.023301 1.105161 1.186547 1.267 53t I t.3482o3 , t.42866o 1.509007
24° 1.021260 1.102652 1.183526 1.263963 I 1.344059 1.423920 1.503662
25° 1.019147 1.100052 1.180396 1.260264 ' 1.339761 1.419003 1.498115
26° 1.016962 1.097364 1.177157 1.256436 1.335311 1.413910 1.492369
27° 1.014709 1.094590 ]1.173814 ]1.252481 1.330713 1 .408646 I 1.48642 7
28° 1.012389 1.091732 1.170367' 1.248403: 1.325970 1.40321311.480293
29° 1.010004 1.088793 jt.166821 j 1.244205 1.321084 1.397615 1.473970
30° 1.007556 I 1.085774 · 1.163177 : 1.239889 1.316058 1.391855 i 1.467462
31° 1.005047 1.082679 ]1.159438 1.235458 1.310897 1.385937' 1.460774
32° 1.002480 1.079509: 1.155608 1.230916 1.305604 1.379865! 1.453908
33° ·999857 1.076269 ' 1.151689 1.226267 1.300183 1. 3 73642 ]1 .446869
34° .997180 1.072960 j1.147685 jt.221513 1.294636 1.367273 1.439662
35° .994452 1.069585 1.143598 1.216659 1.288969
1 1.360762 1.432291
36° .991675 1.06614 7 1.139433 1.211707 1.283185 1.354113 1.424 760
37° .988852 i 1.062650 1.135192 1.206662 1.277288 1.347331 1.417075
38° .985986 1.059097 I 1.130379 1.201529 1.271283 1.340420 1.409240
39° .983079 1.055490' 1.126499 1.196310 1.265175 1.333385' 1.401260
40° .980134 1.051833 '1.122054 1.191010 1.258967 1.326231 11.393140
41° .977155 1.048130 jt.117549 1.185634 1.252664 1.318963 ' 1.384887
42° .974144 1.044384 1.112988 1.180186 1.246272 1.311586 ' 1.376504
43° .971104 1.040599, 1.108374 1.174671 11.239796
1 1.304106 1.367999
44° .968039 1.036779 1.103713 1.169094 1.233240 1.296529 1.359377
45° 1.288859 ' 1.350644
I
.964951 i 1.03292711.09900811.16345811.226610
sin- 1 k
60' 65'
- - - - - - -----------
I
1
--
70"--~-~-~0'
'P
Values of the incomplete elliptic integral of the second kind. 335
'P
E(cp,k) = J V1-k 2sin2{}d{}.
0
sin-' k I-w· 6So 70o ~-o -[Sif·---~-8~-~-----;;-o

45° 0.964951 11.032927 11.09900811.1634 5811.226610 1.288859 1.350644
46° .961845 1.029047 1.094265, 1.157771 . 1.219912 1.281103 1.341806
47° -958723 1 1.025143 1.089487 1.152036 1 1.213152 1.273268 1.332870
48" -955589 1.021220 t.o8468o 1.146259 1 1.2o6334 t.265358 t.323842
49° -952446 1.017282 1.079849 1.140446 . 1.199466 1.257382 1.314730
50° -949298 1.013333 1.074998 1.134602 1.192553 1.249344 1.305539
51° .946149 1.009378 1.070133 1.128733 1.185601 1.241253 1.296278
52° -943003 1.005420 1.065259 1.1221146 1.178619 1.233116 1.286954
53° -939863 1.001465 1.060382 1.116946 1.171611 1.224939 1.277574
54° -936733 -997518 1.055507 1.111040 1.164586 1.216730 1.268147
55° -933617 -993584 1.050640 1.105134 1.157551 1.208497 1.258680
56° -930519 -989666 1.045787 1.099236 1.150512 1.200247 1.249182
57° -927444 .985771 1.040954 1.093352 1.143478 1.191990 1.239661
58° -924395 -981904 1.036147 1.087489 1.136457 1.183733 1.230127
59° -921377 -978070 1.031372 1.081655 1.129457 1.175486 1.220589
60° -918393 -974274 1.026637 1.075857 1.122486 1.167257 1.211056
61° -915449 -970521 1.021947 1.070103 1.115553 1.159057 1.201538
62° -912548 -966818 1.017310 1.064401 1.108668 1.150894 1.192046
63° .909695 .963169 1.012733 1.058760 1.101839 1.142778 1.182589
64° .906895 -959582 11.008222 1.053188 1.095076 1.134721 11.173179
65° .904151 -956060 i 1.003785 ' 1.047694 1.088389 1.126734 1.163828
66° .901468 -952611 -999430 i 1.042287 1.081790 1.118827 1.154547
67° .898850 -949240 -995163 1.036975 1.075288 1.111012 1.145348
68° .896303 -945953 i -990994 1.031770 1.068895 1.103302 1.136244
69° .893830 .942755 .986928 1.026680 1.062622 1.095709 1.127250
70° .891436 -939654 .982976 1.021716 1.056482 1.088248 1.118378
71° .889126 -936656 -979144 1.016889 1.050488 1.080931 1.109643
72° .886902 -933765 -975441 1.012208 1.044651 1.073775 1.101062
73° .884771 -930988 -971875 1.007685' 1.038987 1.066794 1.092650
74° .882735 .928331 .968454 1.003331 1.033510 1.060006 1.084425
75° .880800 -925800 .965186 -999157! 1.028233 1.053426 1.076405
76° .878968 -923400 .962081 -995176. 1.023173 1.047075 1.068610
77° .877244 .9211381 .959145 .991399 i t.o18346 1.o4o971 t.o61o59
78° .875632 .919018 .956388 -9S7837. 1.013769 1.035136 1.053777
79° .874134 .917o461 .953816 .984503 I t.oo9459 1.029593 t.o46786
80° .872755 .915227 -951438 -981408 i 1.005433 1.024364 1.040114
81° .871497 . . 9135651 .949262 -97856411.001711 1.019477 1.033789
82° .870364 I .912066 -947293 -97 5983 . -998310 t.014959 1.027844
83° .869357 I .910733 .945539 -973676] .995250 1.o1o841 1.022313
84° .868480 .909569 I .944005 -971652 .992550 1.007157 1.017237
85° .867734 .9085791 -942698 .969922 -990228 1.003940 ; 1.012664
86° .867121 -907764 -941622 .968494 .988300 1.001230 [1.008648
87° .866642 .9071291 .940780 .967375 .986783 -999065 1.005259
1
88° .866300 -9066731 -940177 .966571 .9856891 -997484 1.002584

89° .866094 .906399 -939814 .966087 I .985029 •996519 1.000752
90° .866025 -906308 I -939693 I -965926 I .984808 -996195 1.000000
1-
1
sirc' k 6o' I w I 700 7;0 soo I sso w

336 Appendix.
Values of the Function KZ(ß, k).

K Z (ß, k) = K E(ß, k) - E F(ß, k).
sin- 1 k
ß "~~---
1, 2' 3' 4' 5' 1C' 15°
00 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 I 0.000000

10 .000004 .000017 .000038 .000067 i .000104 .000418 .000942
20 .000008 .000033 .000075 .000134 .000209 .000836 .001883
30 .000013 .000050 .000113 .000200 .000313 i .001252 .002822
40 .000017 .000067 i .000150 .000266 .000416 .001667 .003757
so .000021 .000083 • .000187 .000332 .000519 .002080 .004688
60 .000025 ' .000099 .000224 I .ooo398 1 .000622 .002491 .005614
70 .000029 .000115 .000261 .000463 ' .000724 .002898 .006533
go .000033 .000132 .000297 .000528 .000825 .003302 .007443
90 .000037 .000148 .000333 .000592 .000924 .003702 1 .008346
10° .000041 .000164 . 000368 i .000655 I .001023 .004098 . .009238
11 ° .000045 .000179 .000403 I .000717 i .001121 .004488 .010119
:~~g:~~
12° .000049 .000195 I .ooo779 I .001217 .004873 .010988
13° .000052 .000210 i ! .000839 . .001312 .005253 .011844
14 ° .000056 . .000225 .000506 .000899 : .001405 .005626 .012686
15° .000060 : .000239 .000538 .000957 1 .001496 .005992 .013513
16° .000063 ' .000254 .000571 .001015 . .001585 .006351 .014324
1 7° .000066 .000268 .000602 .001071 .001673 .006702 .015118
18° .000070 i .000281 .000633 . 001125 .001 7 59 .007045 . .015893
19° .000074 : .000295 .000663 .001179 .001842 .007380 I .016650
20° .000077 .000308 .000692 .001231 .001923 .007706 .017387
21° .000080 .000320 .000721 .001281 .002002 .008023 .018103
22° .000083 .000332 I .000748 .001330 .002079 .008329 .018797
23° .000086 .000344 .00077 5 .001377 ' .002153 I .008626 .019469
24° .000089 .000356 .000800 ' .001423 .oo2224 1 .008912 .020118
25° .000092 .000367 .000825 .001467 .002292 I .009188 ' .020743
26° .000094 .000377 .000849 .001509 .002358 .0094 52 .021342
27° .000097 .000387 ! .000871 .001549 .002421 .009705 ' .021917
28° .000099 .000397 I .000893 .001588 ! .002481 .009947 .022464
29° .000101 .000406 .000913 .oo1624 I .002538 I .0101 76 .022985
30° .000104 .000414 .000933 .001658 : .002592 ! .010393 .023479
31° .000106 .000422 .000951 .oo1691 1 .002643 .010597 .023944
32° .000108 .000430 .000968 .001721 ' .002690 .010789 I .024380
33° .000109 .000437 .000984 .0017491 .002734 ! .010967 .024787
34° .000111 .000444 .000999 .001 7 76 .002775! .011132 • .025164
35° .000112 .000450 .001012 .001800 .002813 .011284 .025 510
36° .000114' .000455 .001024 . .001821 .002847 .011422 I .025826
3 7° .000115 . .000460 .001035 .001841 .002878 i .0115461 .026111
38° .000116 .000464 .00104 5 .001858 .002905 .011656 .026364
39° .00011 7 I .000468 .001053 .001873 .002928 .011751 I .026585
40° .000118 .000471 .001061 .001886 .002948 .011833 .026774
41° .000118 .000474 .001067 .001897 .002965 .011900 .026930
42° .000119 .000476 .001071 .001905 .002978 .011953 .027054
43° .000119' .000477 .001074 ' .001911 .002987 .011991 .027145
44° .000120 .000478 .001076 .001914 .002992 .012015! .027204
4 5° .000120 .000479 .001077 ! .001916 .002994 .012023 .027228
10 2' oO
. J 4' 5" 10° 1 5'
ß
sin- 1 k
Values of K times the Jacobian Zeta Function. 337
K Z(ß, k) = KE(ß, k)- EF(ß, k).

sin- 1 k
ß
10 2" 3" 10° 15'
I
45° 0.000120 '
0.000479 0.0010771 0.0019161 0.002994 0.012023 0.027228
46° .000120 !.000478 .001076 • .001914 .002993 .012018 .027219
47° .000119 !.000477 .00107 5 • .001911 .002987 .011997 .027178
48° .000119 .000476 .001071 1.001905 .002978 .011962 .027103
49° .000118 .000474 .001067 .001897 .002966 .011913 .026995
50° .000118 .000471 .001061 .001887 .002949 .011849 .026855
51° .000117 .000468 .001054 ! .001874 .002930 .011770 .026681
52° .000116 .000464 .oo1045 1.001859 .002906 .011677 .02647 5
53° .ooo11s .000460
1 .001035 .001842 .002879 .011570 .026236
54° .000114 :.000455 .001024 .001822 .002849 .011449 .025965
w .000113 j.000450 .001012 .001800 .002815 .011313 .025662
56° .000111 .000444 .000999 .001776 .002777 .011164 .025328
57° .ooo1o9 .000437
1 .000984 .0017 so .002737 .011001 .024962
58° .000108 .000430 .000968 .001722 .002692 .010825 .024566
59° .0001061 .000423 .000951 .001692 .002645 .010635 .024139
60° .000104 .000415 .000933 .0016591 .002594 .010433 .023683
61° .000101 .000406 .0009141 .001625 .002541 .010217 .023197
62° .000099 .000397 .000893 . .001589 .002484 .009989 .022683
63° .000097 .000387 .000872 .001550 .002424 .009749 .022141
64° .000094 .000377 .000849 .001510 .002361 .009497 .021571
65° .000092 .000367 .000825 .001468 .002295 .009233 .020975
66° .000089 .000356 .000801 .001424 .002227 .008958 .020353
67° .000086 .000344 .000775 .001378 .002155 .008672 .019705
68° .000083 .000332 .000748 .001331 .002081 .008375 .019033
69° .000080 .000320 .000721 .001282 .002005 .008068 .018338
70° .000077 .000308 .000693 : .001232 .001926 .0077 51 .017619
71° .000074 .000295 .000663 . .001180 .001845 .007425 .016879
72° .000070 .000281 .000633 .001126 .001761 .007089 .016118
73° .000066 .000268 .000602 .001072 .001676 .006745 .015337
74° .000063 .000254 .ooos71 1.001016 . .001588 .006392 .014536
7 5° .000060 .000239 .000539 i .ooo958 I .001498 .006032 .013718
76° .000056 .000225 .000506 .000900 .001407 .005664 .012882
770 .000052 .000210 .ooo472 1.000840 .001314 .005289 .012030
78° .000049 .000195 .000438 ' .000780 ' .001219 .004908 .011164
79° .000045 .000179 .000404 .000718 .001123 .004520 .010283
80° .000041 .000164 .000369 .000656 .001025 .004127 .009390
81° .000037 .000148 .000333 .000592 .000926 .003729 .008484
82° .000033 .000132 .000297 .000528 .000826 .003326 .007569
83° .000029 .000115 .000261 .000464 .000725 .002920 .006643
84° .000025 .000099 .000224 .000398 .000623 .002509 .005710
85° .000021 .000083 .000187 .000333 .000520 .002096 .004769
86° .000017 .000067 .000150 .000267 .000417 .001680 .003822
87° .000013 .000050 .000113 .000200 .000313 .001262 .002871
88° .000008 .000033 .00007 5 .0001341 .000209 .000842 .001916
89° .000004 .000017 .000038 .000067 .000105 .000421 .000959
90° .000000 .000000 .000000 .000000 .000000 .000000 .000000
i I
1--1~
2" 3" 4' 5" 10" 15"
ß
------ "" ____
sin- 1 k

338 Appendix.
K Z(ß, k) = KE(ß, k)- EF(ß, k).

sin- 1 k
25' 30" 35'

' I
00 0.000000 0.000000 ' 0.000000 : 0.000000 ! 0.000000 o.oooooo 1o.oooooo
10 .000942 .001679 I .002633 .003809 ! .005217 .006869 .008785
20 .001883 .oo33S6 I .oos263 .oo7614 .o1o428 .013731 .01 7 562
30 .002822 .005030 ! .007887 i .011411 .015628 .020579 .026321
40 .003757 .006697 I .010502 .015195 i .020812 .027406 .035055
so .004688 .008357 .013105 .018962 .025973 .034205 .043755
60 .005614 .010007 .015693 .022708 I .031107 .040969 .052413
70 .006533 .011645 .018263 .026430 .036208 .047692 .061019
8o .007443 .013269 .020813 ' .030122 .041271 .054366 .069566
90 .008346 .014879 .023338 .033781 .046289 .060984 .078045
10° .009238 ' .016470 .025838 .037403 .051258 .067 540 .086448
11° .0101191 .018043 .028308 .040983 ! .056172 .074027 .094766
12° .010988 I .019595 1 .030745 .044518 ' .061027 .080437 .102992
13° .011844 .021123 .033148 ' .048003 .065816 .086765 .111115
14° .012686 .o22627 I .035512 .051436 .070534 .093003 .119130
15° .013513 .024105 I .037836 .054811 .075176 .099145 .127026
16° .014324 .025554 .04011 7 .058125 .079738
1 .105185 .134797
1 7° .015118 .026973 .042352 .o61374 .084213
1 .111115 .142434
18° .015893 .028361 .044538 .064 555 .088598 .116929 .149928
19° .016650 .029715 .046673 ' .067664 .092886 .122622 .157273
20° .017387 i .031035 .0487 54 .070696 .097073 .128185 .164459
21° .018103 .032318 .050779 .073649 ' .101155 .133614 .171480
22° .018797 .033563 .052746 .076520 ! .105126 .138902 .178326
23° .019469 .034768 .054652 .079304 .108982 .144053 .184992
24° .020118 .035933 .056494 .081998 .112718 .149031 .1914c8
25° .020743 .037055 .058271 .084599 .116329 .153860 .197748
26° .021342 .038133 .059980 .087104 .119812 .158524 .203824
27° .021917: .039165 .061619 .089510! .123162 .163017 .209688
28° .022464 .040152 .063186 .091814 .126375 .167334 .215334
29° .022985 .041091 .064680 .094013 .129447 .171469 .220755
30° .023479 .041981 .066098 .096103 .132373 .175418 .225942
31° .023944 .042822 .067438 .098083 .135150 .179175 .230890
32° .024380 : .043611 .068699 .099949 .137774 .182734 .235592
33° .024787 ! .044348 .069879 .101700 .140242 .186091 .240041
34° .025164 .045032 .070977 .1 03333 .142550 .189240 .244230
35° .025510 i .045662 .071991 .104844 .144695 .192178 .24&154
36° .025826 ' .046238 .072919 .106234 ! .146674 .194900 .251807
37° .026111 .0467 58 .07 3 761 .1074981 .148483 .197401 .255181
38° .026364 .047222 .074514 .108636' .150119 .199677 .258273
39° .026585 .047629 .075179 .109646 ' .151581 .201725 .26107 5
40° .026774 .047979 .075754 .11o525 .152865
1 .203541 .263583
41° .026930 .048270 .076238 I .111273 .153969 .205120 .265792
42° .027054 .048503 .076630 i .111888 .154892 .206461 1 .267696
43° .027145 .048678 .0769291 .112369' .155630 .207559! .269291
44° .027204 .048794 .077136 .112714' .156182 .208411 I .270573
45° .027228 .048850 .077249 .112924 .156547 .209016 .271538
I
30° 35° I_ 40" _ _ _ 45°
ß
1- sin- 1 k
K Z(ß, k) = KE(ß, k)- EF(ß, k).

sin- 1 k
ß
20° 25' 35'
I
0.027228 0.048850 0.077249 I 0.112924 0.156547 0.2090161 0.27153.8
.027219 .048847 .077268 .112997 .156723 .209371 .272181
.027178 .048784 .077192 I .112932 .156709 .209473 1 .272499
.027103 I .048661 .077024 I .112729 .156504 .209321 .272489
II
.026995 .048479 .076760 .112388 .156107 .208913 .272148

.026855 .048238 .076403 .111909 .155518 .2082481 .271473
.026681 .047938 .075951 .111292 .154736 .207325 .270462
.026475 .047578 .075405 .110536 .153762 .2061431 .269113
.026236 .047160 .074766 .109643 .152595 .2o4702 1 .267425
.025965 I .046684 .074034 .108613 .151236 I .2o3oo1 .265397
1
.025662 .046150 .073210 .107447 .149686 .201042 i .263028

.025328 .045559 .072295 .106146 .147945 .198824 .260318
.024962 .044912 .071290 .104710 .146015 .196336 .25 7266
.024566 .044209 .070195 .103142 .143898 .193618 .253875
.024139 .043451 .069012 .101442 .141595 .190632 .250145
.023683 .042639 .067742 .099613 .139108 .187395 .246077
.023197 .041774 .066386 .097656 .136439 .183908 .24167 5
.022683 .040856 .064947 .095573 .133591 .180174 .236940
.022141 .039888 .063425 .093367 .130567 .176197 .231877
.021571 I .038870 .061822 .091040 .127370 .171978 .226489
.020975 .037803 .060141 .088594 .1240031 .167 527 .220781
.020353 .036688 .058383 .086033 .120470 .162844 .214758
.019705 .035527 .056550 .083360 .116776 .15 7934 .208426
.019033 .034322 .054644 .080577 .112923 .152804 .201 790
.018338 .033073 .052669 .077688 .108918 .147459 .194859
.017619 .031783 .050625 .074696 .104764 .141905 .187640
.016879 .030453 .048517 .071605 .100466 .136149 .180141
.016118 .029084 .046345 .068419 .096031 .130199 .172371
.01533 7 .027678 .044114 .065142 .091463 .124059 .164340
.014536 .026237 .041826 .061778 .086768 .117743 .156059
.013718 .024763 . .039483 .058332 .081953 .111254 .147536
.012882 .023257 .037088 I .054807 .077023 .104602 .138786
.012030 .021722 .034646 i .051208 .071986 .097797 .129819
.011164 .020159 .032158 .047541 .066848 .090847 .120648
.010283 .018571 .029629 .043809 .o61615 I .083763 .111286
.009390 .016959 .027060 .040018 .0562961 .076554 .101748
.008484 .015325 .024456 .036173 .050897 .069231 .092048
.007569 .013672 .021820 .032279 .045426 .061804 .082199
.006643 .012002 .019156 .028341 .039891 .054284 .072219
.005710 .010316 .016466 .024364 .034298 .046683 .062122
.004769 .008617 .013755 .020354 .028657 .039011 .051923
.003822 .006907 .011026 .016317 .02297 5 .031280 .041641
.002871 .005188 .008282 .012257 .017260 .023502 .031290
.001916 .003462 .005527 .008181 .011520 .015688 .020889
.000959 .001732 .002766 .004093 .005764 .007850 010453
.000000 .000000 .000000 .000000 .000000 .000000 .000000
ß
15° __ 1__2_o'_~l_ _2_5'_--'-1_ _3o_'__ :w ___i -~0"_ ___4_s:__
.l _ _ _ _ _ 1
sin-- 1 k
Byrd and Friedman, Elliptic Integrals. 22a

340 Appendix.
K Z(ß, k) = KE(ß, k)- EF(ß, k).
70' 75'
00 0.000000 0.000000 ' 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

1
10 .008785 .010995 i .013542 .016499 .019981 .024190 . .029522

20 .017 562 .021979 i .027073 .032985 .039946 .048364 .059025
30 .026321 .032943 ' .040580 .049444 .059882 .072503 .088489
40 .035055 .043877 .os4os2 I .065862 .079771 .096592 .117897
so .043755 .054771 .067477 . .082227 .099601 .120612 .147228
60 .052413 . .065614 .080843 .098525 .119354 .144547 .176463
70 .061019; .076396 .094139 .114742 .139016 .168380 .205585
so .069566 .087108 ' .107353 .130865 .158572 .192094 .234572
90 .078045 . .097739 i .120473 .146881 .178007 .215672 .263407
10° .086448 .108280 .133487 .162776 .197305 .239097 .292070
11° .094766 .118720 .146384 .178537 .216451 .262351 .320542
12° .102992 'I .129049 .159152 .194150 .235431 .285418 .348803
13° .111115! .139257 .171780 .209603 .2s4228 I .308280 .376835
14° .119130 .149335 .184255 .224881 .272828 . .330920 .404619
15° .127026 .159273 .196567 .239971 .291216 .353322 .432134
16° .134797. .169060 j .208704 .254860 .309375 .375468 .4 59362
1 7° .142434 .178688 .220653 .269535 .327292 .397340 .486283
18° .149928 .188145 .232404 .283981 .344950 i .418922 .512878
19° .157273 .197424 I .243946 .298187 .362334 i .440196 ' .539127
20° .164459 .206513 ~ .255266 .312138 .379430 .461145 .565367
21° .171480 .215403 .266353 . .325821 -396222 .481751 i .590510
22° .1 78326 .224086 .277197 . -339223 .412694 .501997! .615605
2r .184992 .232550 .287785 .352331 .428831 .521866 .640275
24° .191468 .240788 .298106 .365131 .444618 .541341 .664501
25° .197748 .248789 ; .308149 .377610 .460039 .560402 .688264
26° .203824 .256545 ' .317903 .3897 54 .4 75079 .579033 .711542
27° .209688 .264045 .327357 ! .401551 .489723 .597217 .734315
28° .215334 .271283 .336499 . .412988 .503955 .614934 .756565
29° .2207 55 .278247 .345320 .424050 .517759 .632168 . 778269
30° .225942 .284929 .353807 ' .434726 .531121 .648900 . 7994 07
31° .230890 . .291322 ' .361949 .44 5001 I .544023 .665112 .819960
32° .235592 ! .297415 i .369737 .454862 .556452 .680787 .839905
33° .240041 ~ .303201 ' .377159 .464298 . 568390 .695904 .859221
34° .244230 . 308670 .384205 i .473293 . -579823 .710447 .877888
35° .248154 . 313816 .390865 . .481836 -590735 . 724397 .895883
36° .251807 .318630 -397127 : .489914 .601109 .737734 .913185
37° .255181 .323103 ' .402982 .497513 .610930 ! .750439 .929772
38° .258273 i .327228 i .408420 . 504621 .620182 i . 762495 .945622
39° .261o75 1 .330998 I .413429 .511224 .628850 I .773881 .960711
40° .263583 1 .334405 .418002 .517310 .636916 .784577 .975016
41° .265792 .337442 . .422128 .522867 .644365 .794565 .988515
42° .267696 .340102 ' .425797 .527882 • .6511821 .803824 1.001182
43° .269291 .342379 ! .429000 .532341 .657349 I .812334 1.012995
44° .270573 ' .344265 i .431728 .536234 .662850 I .82007411.023928
45° .271538 i .345755 • .433972 -539547 ' .667669 .827024 1.033955
i I I
50" 75'
ß
sin- 1 k
K Z(ß, k) = KE(ß, k)- EF(ß, k).
SO' 6S' 70' 7S'
45° 0.271538 0.345755 0.4339721 0.5395471 0.667669 0.827024 1.033955

46° .272181 .346843 .435723 .542269 .671791 .833164 1.043051
47° .272499 .347523 .436974 .544387
1 .675198 .838470 1.051190
48° .272489 .347789 .437716 i .54 5889 .677874 .842923 1.058344
49° .272148 .347638 .437940 ' .546632 .679803 .846500 1.064485
50° .271473 .347064 .437641 1 .547003 .680968 .849178 1.069585
51° .270462 .346063 .436810 I .546591 .681354 .850936 1.073613
52° .269113 .344632 .435441 i .545519 .680943 .851750 1.076541
53° .267425 .342766 .433528 I .543776 .679721 .851597 1.078336
54° .265397 .340464 .431064 .541352 .677669 .850453 1.078966
55° .263028 .337723 .428046 .538238 .674774 .848294 1.078397
56° .260318 .334540 .424467 .534424 .671018 .845096 1.076595
5 7° .257266 .330916 .420324 .529902 .666386 .840834 1.073525
58° .25387 5 .326848 .415614 .524663 .660864 .835482 1.069147
59° .25014 5 .322337 .410333 .518700 .654436 .829017 1.063425
60° .246077 .317383 .404479 . 512007 .647089 .821411 1.056317
61° .241675 .311988 .398052 .504577 .638807 .812640 1.047783
62° .236940 .306154 .391051 .496406 .629579 .802677 1.037777
63° .231877 .299883 .383477 ' .487490 .619392 .791498 1.026257
64° .226489 .293178 .375330 .477825 .608235 .77907 5 1.013174
65° .220781 .286045 .366615 .467411 .596098 . 765385 .998480
66° .214758 .278486 .357334 .456246 .582972 . 7 50402 .982124
67° .208426 .270512 .347493 .444334 .568850 ·734102 .964056
68° .201790 .262127 .337097 .431676 .553726 .716464 .944221
69° .194859 .253338 .326155 .418276 .537 597 .697465 .922565
70° .187640 .244154 .314676 ! .404143 I .520463 .677086 .899033
71° .180141 .234587 .302669 I .389285 ' .502324 .655311 .873567
72° .172371 .224646 .290147 I .373712 .483186 .632127 .846114
73° .164340 .214343 .277124 ! .357438 .463057 .607522 .816617
74° .156059 .203691 .263614 I .340479 .441949 .581493 . 785025
7 5° .147536 .192704 .249634 I .322854 .419877 .554038 .751288
76° .138786 .181397 .235203 : .304584 .396862 . 525166 .715364
770 .129819 .169786 .220341 .285693 .372929 .494889 .677218
78° .120648 .157887 .205070 I .266209 .348109 .463232 .636825
79° .111286 .145718 .189414 I .246161 .322437 .430227 . 5941 76
80° .101748 .133299 .173397 I .225584 .29595 7 ·395917 .549278
81° .092048 .120649 .157047 . .204513 .268715 .360359 .502164
82° .082199 .107788 .140392' .182987 .240765 .323622 .452890
83° .072219 .094737 .123462 i .161050 .212167 .285788 .401548
84° .062122 .081519 .106287 .138746 .182988 .246954 .348265
85° .051923 .068157 ' .088901 .116121 .153297 .207230 .293208
86° .041641 .os4672 I .071337 .093227 .123172 .166741 .236585
87° .031290 .041090 I .053630 .070114 .092694 .125622 .178649
88° .020889 .0274351 .035814 .046835 .061947 .084020 .119687
89° .010453 .013730 .017925 ' .023445 .031019 .042093 . .060023
90° .000000 .000000 .oooooo .000000 !
1 .000000 .000000! .000000
1--
I I i I
SO' sso 70' 75'

ß 4So_
342 Appendix.
K Z(ß, k) = KE(ß, k)- EF(ß, k).
sin- 1 k
ß
89'
I
oo 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 i 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
10 .029522 .036880 .049198 .053125 i .058174 .065273 .077385
20 .059025 .073738 .098370 .106224 .116320 .130515 .154736
30 .088489 .110553 .147492 .159269 .174409 .195696 .232018
40 .117897 .147303 .196536 .212233 .232413 .260785 .309198
so .147228 .183967 .245478 .265091 ' .290303 .325753 .386241
60 .176463 .220523 .294293 -317814 i -348052 -390568 .463113
70 .205585 .256948 .342954 -370377 ' .405631 .455199 -539779
so .234572 .293222 -391436 .422752 .463012 .519618 .616197
90 .263407 .329323 .439713 .4 74913 .520165 .583792 .692360
10° .292070 -365230 .487761 .526833 -577064
1 .647691 .768206
11° .320542 .400919 -535552 -578485 i .633679 -711286 .843710
12° .348803 .436370 .583061 .629842 I .689982 -774544 -918838
13° -376835 .471561 .630264 .680877 ; -745945 .837437 -993556
14° .404619 .506470 .677133 -731563 .801539 .899932 1.067829
15° -432134 -541075 .723644 .781873 i ..856736 .962000 1.141623
16° .459362 -575354 .769769 .831781 i .911507 1.023610 1.214904
1 7° .486283 .609285 .815485 .881259 .965823 1.084731 1.287638
18° .512878 .642846 .860764 -930280 1.019657 1.145333 1.359791
19° -539127 .676016 .905581 -978818 1.072979 1.205385 1.431329
20° .565367 -708771 .949910 1.026844 1.125761 1.264856 1.502217
21° -590510 -741090 -993724 1.074332 1.177974 1.323716 1.572420
22° .615605 -772951 1.036998 1.121254 1.229612 1.381933 1.641905
23° .640275 .804330 1.079705 1.167583 1.280578 1.439476 1.710638
24° .664501 .835206 1.121819 1.213292 1.330911 1.496316 1.778583
25° .688264 .865556 1.163313 1.258352 1.380560 1.552420 1.845706
26° -711542 .895357 1.204160 1.302736 1.429494 1.6077 57 1.911973
27° -734315 .924585 1.244335 1.346416 1.477686 1.662296 1.977350
28° -756565 -953219 1.283810 1.389365 1.525105 1.716006 2.041801
29° -778269 .981235 1.322558 1.431553 1.571721 11.768855 2.105291
30° . 799407 1.008608 1.360551 1.472953 1.617 506 1.820811 2.167786
31° .819960 1.035317 1.397763 1.513535 1.662429 1.871843 2.229250
32° .839905 1.061336 1.434166 1.553272 1.706459 1.921918 2.289648
33° .859221 1.086642 1.469730 1.592133 1.749566: 1.971004 2.348945
34° .877888 1.111211 1.504429 ; 1.630090 1. 791 720 ' 2.019068 2.407104
35° .895883 1.135017 1.538234 1.667113 1.832890 2.066078 2.464090
36° .913185 1.158035 1.571115 1.703172 1.873043 ' 2.111999 2.519866
37° -929772 1.180241 1.603043 I 1.738235 1.912149 i 2.156800 2.574396
38° -945622 1.201608 1.633989 1. 772274 1.950174 I 2.200444 2.627643
39° .960711 1.222110 1.663921 1.805255 1.987os7 2.242s9s
1 2.679568
40° -975016 1.241721 1.692810 1.837147 2.022854 I 2.284127 2.730134
41° -988515 1.260413 1. 720624 1.867917 2.057440 2.324095 2.779303
42° 1.001182 1.278159 1.747330 1.897533 1 2.o9o812 2.362766 2.827036
43° 1.012995 1.294929 1.772896 1.925960 1 2.122935 2.400103 2.873292
44° 1.023928 1.310695 1.797288 1.953163 1 2.15403o 2.436068 2.918030
45° 1.033955 1.325428 1.820471 1.97910712.183285 2.470622 2.961210
' 86' 87' 89'

ß -~~-·-·~--
sin- 1 k
KZ(ß,k) =KE(ß,k) -EF(ß,k).

sin- 1 k
ß
75° 80° 85° 86° 87° 88o 89o
I
45° 1.033955 1.325428 1.820471 11.979107 2.183285 2.470622 2.961210
46° 1.043051 1.339095 1.842410 2.003755 2.211437 2.503726 3.002790
47° 1.051190 1.351666 t.863o68 I 2.o27069 2.238190 2.535339 3.042724
48° 1.058344 1.363108 t.8824o8 I 2.049o1o 2.263502 2.565418 3.080970
49° 1.064485 1.373388 1.900390 2.069538 2.287332 2.593920 3.117479
50° 1.069585 1.382470 1.916972 I 2.o88611 2.309636 2.620801 3.152206
51° 1.073613 1.390317 1.932114 i 2.106185 2.330370 2.646013 3.185101
52° 1.076541 11.396894 1.945770 12.122214 2.349485 2.669508 3.216112
53° 1.078336 1.402159 1.957894 I 2.136650 2.366934 2.691234 3.245185
54° 1.078966 1.406072 1.968437 I 2.149443 2.382664 2.711138 3-272266
55° 1.078397 1.408589 1.977347 2.160541 2.396620 2.729164 3-297295
56° 1.076595 1.409666 1.984571 ! 2.169887 2.408745 2.745253 3.320209
57° 1.073525 1.409256 1.990051 2.177421
1 2.418979 2.7 59341 3.340945
58° 1.069147 1.407306 1.993724 i 2.183081 2.427255 2.771362 3-359432
59° 1.063425 1.403766 1.99552612.186799 I 2.433504 2.781243 3-37 5597
60° 1.056317 ' 1.398577 1.995386 2.188502 2.437651 2.788909 3.389359
61° 1.047783 ! 1.391681 1.993229 ' 2.188112 2.439616 2.794276 3.400634
62° 1.037777 I 1.383013 1.988972 2.185544 2.439312 2.797254 3.409329
63° 1.o2625 7 I 1. 372506 1.982530 2.180705 2.436643 2.797746 3.415344
64° 1.013174 ' 1.360085 1.973795 2.173496 2.431505 2.795645 3.418568
65° -998480 ' 1.345674 1.962673 2.163806 2.423784 2.790834 3.418883
66° .982124 1.329188 1.949042 2.151512 2.41335512.783182 3.416154
67° .964056 1.310536 1.932773 2.136481 2.400076 2. 772546 3.410234
68° -944221 1.289621 1.913724 2.118560 2.383792 2.758763 3.400957
69° .922565 1.266337 1.891734 2.097582 2.364325 2.741653 3.388138
70° .899033 1.240571 1.866624 2.073357 2.341478 2.721008 3-371563
71° .873567 1.212199 1.838191 2.045669 2.315023 2.696594 3-351047
72° .846114 1.181088 1.806205 2.014271 2.284700 2.668139 3.326147
73° .816617 1.147095 1.770406 1.978881 2.250209 2.635400 3-296703
74° .785025 1.110067 1.730491 1.939171 ! 2.211199 2.597796 3.262280
75° -751288 1.069839 1.686113 1.894760 ' 2.167258 2.555104 3.222428
76° -715364 1.026236 1.636870 1.845197 I 2.117896 2.506732 3-176603
770 .677218 -979076 1.582290 1.789950 2.062527 2.452049 3.124149
78° .636825 -928171 1.521818 1.728382 2 .. 000437 2.390283 3.064251
79° -594176 .873331 11.454802 1.659725 1.931185 2.320470 2.995890
80° .549278 .814374 1.380465 1.583040 1.852380 2.241393 2.917759
81° .502164 -751136 1.297888 1.497179 1.763945 2.151476 2.828150
82° .452890 .683488 1.205985 1.400720 1.663679 2.048641 2.724765
83° .401548 .611354 1.103485 1.291903 1.549280 1.930073 2.604411
84° .348265 -534744 -988944 1.168555 1.417706 1.791846 2.462477
85° .293208 .453784 .860811 1.028059 1.264912 1.628299 2.291948
86° .236585 .368751 .717624 .867437 1.085558 1.430998 2.081462
87° .178649 .280104 -558499 .683799 .872973 1.187061 1.810789
88o .119687 .188503 .383568 .475564 .620358 .877290 1.440002
89° .060023 .094799 .195601 .244833 .325432 .479563 .880203
90° .000000 .000000 .000000 .000000 .000000 .000000 .000000
I
75° 80° 85° 86° 87° 88o 8go
ß ------··---- I
sin- 1 k
344 Appendix.
Values of Heuman's Lambda Function .t1 0 (ß, k)

A 0 (ß, k) = ~ [E F(ß, k')
:n
+ K E(ß, k') - K F(ß, k')J.
ß
1 5' 20' 25' 30'
I
oo 0.000000 0.087156 0.173648 0.258819 0.342020 0.422618 0.500000
10 .000000 .087149 .173635 .258799 .341994 .422586 .499962
20 .000000 .087129 .173595 .258740 .341916 .422490 .499848
30 .000000 .087096 .173529 .258642 .341786 .422329 .499658
40 .000000 .087050 .173437 .258504 I .341604 .422104 .499391
50 .000000 .086990 .173318 .258327 .341370 .421815 .499050
60 .000000 .086917 .173173 .258111 .341084 .421462 .498633
70 .000000 .086831 .173002 .257856 .340747 .421046 .498141
so .000000 .086732 .172804 .257 562 .340359 .420566 .497 5 74
90 .000000 .086620 .172581 .257229 .339920 .420024 .496933
10° .oooooo I .086495 .1 72332 .256858 -339430 .419419 .496219
11° .oooooo .086357
1 .172057 .256448 .338889 .418753 .495431
12° .000000 II .086206 .171757 .256001 .338299 .418024 .494572
13° .000000 .086043 .171431 .255516 .337659 .417235 .493640
14° .000000 ; .085866 .171080 .254994 .336969 .416385 .492638
15° .000000 .085677 .170704 .254434 .336231 .415475 .491565
16° .000000 ! .085476 .170303 I .253838 -335445 .414506 .490424
17° .oooooo I .085263 .169878 I .253205 .334611 .413479 .489214
I
18° .000000 i .085037 .169429 1 .252536 .333729 .412394 .487937
19° .000000 ' .084799 .168955 i .251831 .332801 .411252 .486593
20° .000000 .084549 .168458 .251092 .331827 .410054 .485184
21° .000000 .084287 .167937 .250317 .330807 .408800 .483712
22° .000000 .084013 .167393 .249509 .329743 .407492 .482176
23° .000000 .083728
1. .166826 .248666 .328634 .406131 .480578
24° .oooooo I .083432 .166236 .247790 .327483 .404717 .478920
25° .000000 .083124 .165625 .246882 .326288 .403252 .477203
26° .000000 .082806 .164991 .245941 .325052 .401736 .47 5428
27° .000000 .082476 .164336 .244969 .32377 5 .400171 .473597
28° .000000 .082136 .163661 .243966 .322458 .398558 .471710
29° .000000 .081786 .162964 .242933 .321102 .396897 ! .469770
30° .000000 .081425 .162247 .241870 .319707 .395191 i .467777
31° .000000 .081054 .161511 .240778 .318275 .393440 .465734
32° .000000 .080674 .160755 .239657 I .316806 .391645 .463642
33° .000000 .080284 .159980 .238510 .315302 .389808 .461502
34° .000000 .079884 .159187 .237335 .313764 .387930 .459316
35° .000000 .079476 .158377 .236134 .312192 .386013 .457086
36° .000000 .079058 .157548 .234908 -310587 .384057 .454813
3 7° .000000 .078633 .156703 I .233657 .308952 .382065 .452500
38° .000000 i .078198 .155842 .232383 .307286 .380037 .450147
39° .oooooo .0777 56
1 .154965 .231086 .305592 .377975 .4477 56
40° .000000 I .077307 .154073 .229767 .303869 .375880 .445330
41° .000000 .076849 .153167 .228428 .302121 -373755 .442870
42° .000000 .076385 .152246 .227068 .300346 .371600 .440378
43° .000000 .07 5914 .151313 .225689 .298548 .369418 .437856
44° .000000 .07 5436 .150367 .224292 .296727 .367209 .435306
45° .000000 .074953 .149408 .222878 .294884' .364976 .432729
I
1 5' 20' 30'

· - - - - · ····- ~-'----~~---'
ß
Values of Beuman's Lambda Function. 345
A 0 (ß, k) = _:2_ [EF(ß, k')

n
+ KE(ß, k')- KF(ß, k')].
I i
45° 0.000000 0.0749531 0.149408 o.222878 1o.294884 0.364976 0.432729
46° .000000 .074463 . .148439 .221447 i .293022 .362720 .430127
47° .000000 .073968 I .147459 .220002 I .291141 .360442 .427504
48° .000000 .073469 .146470 .218543 .289242 -358145 .424860
49° .000000 .072964 .145471 .217070 .287328 -355830 .422197
50° .000000 .072455 .144464 .215587 .285399 -353500 .419519
51° .000000 .071943 .143449 .214092 .283458 -351155 .416826
52° .000000 .071426 .142428 .212589 .281505 .348799 .414121
53° .000000 .070907 .141401 . .211077 .279543 -346432 .411407
54° .000000 .0703851 .140370 I .209558 .277573 -344057 .408685
5 5° .000000 .069861 .139334 I .208034 .27 5597 -341676 .405958
56° .000000 .069336 .138295 I .206506 .273616 .339290 .403228
57° .000000 .068809 .137253 .204975 .271632 .336903 .400497
58° .000000 .068281 .136211 .203443 .269648 .334516 .397769
59° .000000 .067754 .135168 I .201911 .267664 .332131 .395045
60° .000000 .067226 .134126. .200380 .2656841 .329751 -392328
61° .000000 .066700 .133086 I .198853 .263708 .327379 .389621
62° .000000 .0661 7 5 .132049 .197331 .261739 .325015 .386926
63° .000000 .065651 .131016 .195815
1 .259780 .322664 .384247
64° .000000 .065131 j .129989 .194307 .257832 .320328 .381586
65° .000000 .064614 .128968 i .192809 .255897 .318009 .378946
66 6 .000000 .064100 i .127955 .191324 .253979 .315710 .376331
67° .000000 .063592 .126951 .189852 .252079 .313435 -373743
68° .000000 .063088 .125958 i .188396 .250200 .3111851 .371186
69° .000000 .062591 .124976 .186958 .248345 .308965 .368664
70° .000000 .062100 .124009 .185540 .246517 .306778 .366180
71° .000000 .061617 .123056 ; .184145 .244718 .304626 .363738
72° .000000 .061143 .122121 .182774 .242952 .302515 .361342
73° .000000 .060677 .121204; .181431 .241221 .300447 .358997
74° .000000 .060223 .120307 .180119 .239531 .298427 .356706
75° .000000 .059779 .119433 .1 78839 .237883 .296459 -35447 5
76° .000000 .059348 .118583 I .177596 .236282 .294547 .352309
770 .000000 .058931 .117761 .176392 .234732 .292697 .350213
78° .000000 .058528 .116967! .175231 .233238 .290914 .348194
79° .000000 .058142 .116206 .174117 .231804 .289203 .346257
80° .000000 .057773 .115479 I .173054 .230436 .287571 .344410
81° .000000 .057423 .114790 .172046 .229140 .286025 1 .342661
82° .000000 .057095 .114143 .171099 .227922 .284573 .341017
83° .000000 .056789 .113540 I .170219 .226789 .283222 .339489
84° .oooooo 1 .056508 .112988 .169410 ' .2257 so .281983 .338088
85° .000000 ! .056256 .112490 .168682 .224814 .280867 .336826
86° .000000 I .056034 .112053 .168043 .223992 .279887 .335718
87° .00QQ0Q I .055846 .111684 .167504 .223298 .279060 .334783
88° .000000 : .055698 .111392 .167078 .2227 51 .278408 -334046
89° .000000 .055597 .111193 .166786 .222376 .277961 .333541
90° .oooooo I .055556 .111111 .166667 .222222 .277778 .333333
oo so 10° 15° 20° 25° 30°
ß
346 Appendix.
A 0 (ß, k) = 2_ [EF(ß, k')

n
+ KE(ß, k')- KF(ß, k')].
ß
40°
I I I
0.500000 0.573576 0.642788 i 0.707107 0.766044 0.819152 0.866025
.499962 -573533 .642739 . .707053 .765986 .819090 .865959
.499848 . 57 3402 .642592 .7o6891
1 .765811 .818903 .865762
.499658 -573184 .642347 -706623
,1· .765520 .818592 .865433
.499391 -572878 .642006 -706247 .765113 .818157 .864975
.499050 1 -572487 .641567 I .705765 .764592 .817600 .864388
.498633 I .572oo9 .641032 ; .705177 .763956 .816922 .863674
.498141 . -571445 .640400 ! -704484 i .763207 .816125 .862836
.497574 1 .570795 .639674 -703687 I .762347 I .815210 .861876
.496933 ' -570062 .638854 .702787 I -761376 .814179 .860797
.496219 I .569244 .63 7940 . 701786 I . 760298 .813034 .859602
.495431 .568343 .636934 -700684 -759112 .811779 .858294
.494572 .567360 .635836 .699484 -757822 .810416 .856877
.493640 .566295 .634679 I .698186 I -7 56430 I .808946 .855355
.492638 .565150 .633373 .696794 -754937 .80737 5 .853731
.491565 .563926 .632010 i .695307 -753346 .805703 .852010
.490424 .562623 .630561 .693729 -751660 .803935 .850194
.489214 .561244 .629028 i .692061 -749881 .802074 .848289
.487937 -559789 .627412 I .690306 .748011 .800123 .846297
.486593 -558259 .625715 .688464 -746054 -798084 .844224
.485184 -556657 .623939 .686540 -744012 -795963 .842073
.483712 -554982 .622086 .684534 -741887 . 793 761 .839848
.482176 -553238 .620157 .682450 -739683 -791483 .837553
.480578 -551425 .618154 .680289 -737403 .789131 .835191
.478920 -549546 .616080 .678054 -735049 .786709 .832766
.477203 .547600 .613936 .675748 -732623 -784220 .830282
.475428 .545591 .611725 .673372 -730130 .781667 .827743
.473597 .543520 .609448 .670929 -727572 . 779054 .825151
.471710 .541389 .607107 .668422 -724951 .776384 .822510
.469770 -539199 .604705 .665854 -722270 -773659 .819823
.467777 -536953 .602244 .663225 ; . 719533 .770883 .817093
.465734 -534652 .599726 .660541 I .716742 .768059 .814323
.463642 -532297 .597153 .657801 -713900 .765190 .811517
.461502 . 529892 .594527 .655010 i -711009 . 762278 .808676
.459316 .527437 .591851 .652170; .708073 -7 59326 .805804
.457086 .524935 .589127 .649283 -705094 -756337 .802903
.4 54813 .522388 .586356 1.646351 .702074 -753314 -799976
.452500 .519797 .583543 : .643378 1 .699016 -7 50260 -797024
.450147 .517165 .58o687 .6403651
I. .695923 -747177 -794052
.447756 .514494 .577793 ' .637315 .692798 . 744066 -791060
.445330 .511786 .574862 I .634231 I .689642 -740932 -788051
.442870 .509042 -571896 i .631115 .686459 -737777 -785028
.440378 I .506266 . 568898 1 .627970 .683251 -734602 .781992
.437856 .503459 .565870 ! .624797 .680020 -731410 .778946
.435306 i .500622 .562815 I .621600 , .676769 .728203 . 77 5891
.4327291 .497760 .559735 I .618381 I .673501 .724985 .772830
sin- 1 k ~~-J~3s_~_ 1 40" 1 4 s" 1

-------~----~----~---
so" 1 w 1
60°
ß
Values of Heuman's Lambda Function. 347
A 0 (ß, k) = -2-
:n;
[EF(ß, k') + KE(ß, k')- KF(ß, k')J.
sin-• k I 30'
'
ß
SO' 55'
45° 0.432729 0.497760 1 0.5597351 0.6>838, 0.673501 0.724985

1 0.772830
46° .430127 .494873 -556632 .615142 .670217 -721756 .769764
47°
48°
.427 504
.424860
.491963 ' -553508 ' .611886 .666920I. 718519 -766696
.489034 -550366 i .608615 .663613 . 715277 -763627
49° .422197 .486087 .547209 I .605332 .660297 -712032 . 760560
50° .419519 .483125 .5440381 .602038 .656976 .708785 -757496
51° .416826 .480150 .540857 . -598738 .653651 -705540 -754437
52° .414121 .477164 .537668 -595432 .650326 .702298 -751385
53° .411407 .474170 .5344731 -592124 .647002 .699061 . 748342
54° .408685 .471170 .531275 .588817 .643682 .695832 -745310
55° .405958 .468167 .528076 .585512 .640369 .692612 . 742291
w .403228 .465163 I .524879 .582212 I .637064 .689405 . 739286
57° .400497 .462161 I .521687 : .578921 .633771 .686213 . 736298
58° -397769 .4 59163 .5185021 .575640 i .630491 .683037 . 733329
w -395045 .456173 : .515328 .5723731 .627229 .679880 -730380
60° -392328 .453192 .512167 .569122 .623985 .676745 .727455
61° .389621 i .450225 .509021 I .565890 ' .620763 .673633 .724554
62° .386926 . .447272 .505895 .562680 I .61 7 567 .670549 .721680
63° .384247 1.444339 .502791 .559495 .614397 .667493 -718836
64° .381586 I .4414281 .499711 -556339 .611258 .664469 .716024
65° -378946 .438541 .496661 -553214 ; .608153 .661480 .713246
66° -376331 ! .435683 .4936421 -550124 .605085 .6585281 -710504
67° .373743 I .432856 .490659 .547072 .602057 .655617 . 707802
68° -371186 .430065 .487715 .544062 -599072 .652749 -705142
69° .368664 .427313 .484813 .541097 -596134 .649929 .702527
70° .366180 .424604 .481959 .538183 -593247 .647159 .699961
71° .363738 .421943 .4 79156 -535321 -590415 .644443 .697446
72° .361342 .419332 .476408 -532519 .587641 .641784 .694985
73° -358997 .416778 .473720 .529778 .584932 .639188 .692584
74° .356706 .414284 .471098 .527106 .582290 .636659 .690244
75° -354475 .411857 .468546 .524506 -579721 .634200 .687972
76° .352309 .409500 .466070 .521985 -577231 .631818 .685770
770 -350213 .407222 .463676 .519548 -574826 .629517 .683645
78° .348194 .405026 .461371 .517202 -572511 .627303 .681601
79° .346257 .402922 .459161 .514955 -570294 .625184 .679645
80° .344410 .400915 .457055 .512813 .568181 .623166 .677782
81° .342661 -399014 .4 5 5061 .510786 . 566183 .621256 .676021
82° .341017 .397229 .453189 .508883 .564307 .619464 .674368
83° -339489 -395570 .451449 .507114 .562564 .617800 .672833
84° -338088 -394049 .449853 .505494 .560967 .616276 .671427
85° -336826 . -392679 .448417 .504034 .559529 .614903 .670162
86° -335718 i -391477 .447157 .5027 54 -558268 .613700 .669053
87° .334783 .390462 .446093 .501674 .557205 .612685 .66811 7
88° .334046 .389662 .445255 .500823 -556366 .611884 .667379
89° -333541 .389114 .444680 .500239 -555791 .611336 .666874
90° -333333 .388889 .444444 .500000 -555556 .611111 .666667
35° 40° 45° 50° 55° 60°
ß
348 Appendix.
A 0 (ß, k) = 2_ [EF(ß, k')

:n
+ KE(ß, k')- KF(ß, k')].
ß
75' 80' 85' 90'
I : I
00 0.866025 . 0.906308 0.939693 o.965926 o.9848os 0.996195
1 1.000000
10 .865959 I .906239 -939621 .965852 : .984733 -996120 1.000000
20 .865762 .906032 -939407 .965633 .984511 -995903 1.000000
,o
~ .865433 .905689 -939052 .965270 : .984147 -995564 1.000000
40 .86497 5 .905210 -938559 .964769 .983652 -995130 1.000000
so .864388 .904599 -937930 .964135 .983037 -994624 1.000000
60 .863674 .903857 .937172 .963376 I .982315 -994063 1.000000
70 .862836 .902989 I -936287 .962498 .981498 -993463 1.000000
so .861876 .901997 -935282 .961512 .980599 -992833 1.000000
90 .860797 .900886 -934162 .960424 -979628 -992180 1.000000
10° .859602 .899660 -932934 -959244 -978597 -991511 1.000000
11° .858294 .898323 -931604 .957980 -977513 -990828 1.000000
12° .856877 .896881 -930177 -956638 -976384 .990135 1.000000
13° .855355 .895338 .928661 -955228 -975216 .989434 1.000000
14° .853731 .893699 .927061 -953755 .9740>6 .988727 1.000000
15° .852010 .891969 .925384 -952226 . -972787 .988015 1.000000
16° .850194 .890152 I .923634 -950646 -971534 .987299 1.000000
1 7° .848289 .888254 : .921818 .949021 • .970260 .986580 1.000000
18° .846297 .886280 .919940 .947355 I .968969 .985858 1.000000
19° .844224 .884233 .918005 -945653 i .967662 .985135 1.000000
20° .842073 .882119 .916018 .943918 .966343 .984410 1.000000
21° .839848 .879941 .913983 -942154 .965012 .983685 1.000000
22° .837553 .877704 .911904 .940364
1 .963671 .982958 1.000000
23° .835191 .875412 .909785 -938551 .962323 .982232 1.000000
24° .832766 .873068 .907630 I -936718 .960968 .981506 1.000000
25° .830282 .870676 -905441 .934867 -959607 .980779 1.000000
26° .827743 .868240 -903221 -933000 -958241 .980054 1.000000
27° .825151 .865763 -900975 .931119 -956872 . .979329 1 1.oooooo
28° .822510 .863249 .898703 .929226 -978604 1.000000

29° .819823 .860699 .896409 .927322 :~~~;~~
i -977881 1.000000
30° .817093 .858117 .894095 .925409 -952751 i -977159 1.000000
31° .814323 .855506 .891763 .923489 -951374. -976439 1.000000
32° .811517 .852869 .889416 .921563 ; .949998 -975719 1.000000
33° .808676 .850207 .887054 .919631 .948622 .975002 1.000000
34° .805804 .847523 .884681 .917695 .947247 • .974286 1.000000
35° .802903 .844820 .882297 .915757 i .945873 I .973573 1.000000
36° .799976 .842100 .879904 .913817 ; .944502 i .972861 1.000000
37° .797024 .839364 .877 505 .911876 -943132 -972152 1.000000
38° .794052 .836615 .87 5099 .<)09935 .941766 .971445 1.000000
39° -791060 .833855 .872690 .907995 .940402 i .970741 1.000000
40° .788051 .831085 .870277 .906056 -939042 .970039 1.000000
41° .785028 .828307 .867863 .904121 .93768~ i .969340 1.600000
42° . 781992 .825524 .865449 .902188 .93633) I .968644 1.000000
43° .778946 .822736 .863036 .900260 .934988 .967952 1.000000
44° . 775891 .819946 .860625 .898337 .933647 .967262 1.000000
45° .772830 .817155 .858217 .896419 .932311 .966576 1.000000
60' 65' 70° 75' 80' 85' 90°

I
sin- 1 k -----
ß
Values of Heuman's Lambda Function. 349
A 0 (ß, k) = .~. [EF(ß, k')

:n;
+ KE(ß, k')- KF(ß, k')].
sin-1 k I 60° 65° 70°

ß
75° 90°
45°
46°
o.msJo I oS<7'55j o.ss"" o8964'9 I o.om"
.769764 .814365 . . 855814
I
.894508 .930981
0.966576
.965894
1.000000
1.000000
47° .766696 .811577 .853417 i .892604 .929658 .965215 1.000000
48° .763627 i .808792 .851026 . . 890708 .928341 .964540 1.000000
49° .760560 .806013 .848643 .888820 .927032 .963870 1.000000
50° .757496 .803241 .846269 .886942 .925731 .963204 1.000000
51° . 754437 .800478 .843906 .885073 .924437 .962542 1.000000
52° .751385 -797724 .8415531 .883216 .923152 .961885 1.000000
53° . 748342 .794982 .839214 .881370 .921876 .961233 1.000000
54° .745310 .792252 .836887 .879537 .920610 -960586 1.000000
55° . 742291 .789537 .834576 .877717 .919353 .959944 1.000000
56° .739286 .786839 .832280 .87 5911 .918108 .959309 1.000000
57° .736298 .784158 .830002 .874120 .916873 .958679 1.000000
58° . 733329 .781496 .827742 .872345 .915649 .958055 1.000000
59° .730380 .778855 .825502 .870587 .914438 .957437 1.000000
60° .727455 .776237 .823283 .8688461 .913240 .956826 1.000000
61° .724554 .773644 .821086 .867124 .912055 .956223 1.000000
62° .721680 .771077 .818913 .865421 .910884 .955626 1.000000
63° .718836 .768538 .816765 .863740 .909728 .955038 1.000000
64° .716024 .766029 .814645 .862080 .908588 .954457 1.000000
65° .713246 .763552 .812552 .860443 .907464 .953885 1.000000
66° .710504 .761110 .810490 .858831 .906357 .953321 1.000000
67° .707802 .758704 .808460 ; .857245 .905268 .952767 1.000000
68° .705142 .7 56338 .806464 .855685 .904198 I .952223 1.000000
69° .702527 .754012 .804504 .854155 .903148 .951689 1.000000
70° .699961 I .751731 .802581 .852654 1 .902119 .951166 1.000000
71° .697446 .749497 .800699 .8511861 .901112 .950654 1.000000
72° .694985 .747312. .798860 .849751 .900129 .950154 1.000000
73° .692584 : .745180: . 797065 .848352 .899170 .949667 1.000000
74° .690244 1.743104 . 795319 .846990 . .898237 .949193 1.000000
7 5° .687972 I .741089 -793624 .8456691 .897332 .948733 1.000000
76° .685770 .739137 . 791983 .844390 .896456 .948288 1.000000
770 .683645 .737253 .790399 .843157 .895612 .947859 1.000000
78° .681601 .735442 .788877 .841972 .894800 .947446 1.000000
79° .679645 .733709 .787421 .840838 .894024 .947052 1.000000
80° .677782 . 732059 .786036 .8397 59 .893286 .946677 1.000000
81° .676021 .730500 .784726 .838739 .892588 .946323 1.000000
82° .674368 .729036 .783497 .837783 I .891933 .945990 1.000000
83° .672833 .727678 .782357 .836896 .891326 .945682 1.000000
84° .671427 .726434 . 781312 .836083 • .890770 .945400 1.000000
85° .670162 . 725315 .780373 .835352 .890270 .94 514 5 1.000000
86° .669053 . 724333 .779549 .834711 • .889831 .944923 1.000000
87° .668117 . 723505 .778854 .834171 1 .889462 .944735 1.000000
88° .667379 .722852 .778307 .833745 i .889170 .944587 1.000000
89° .666874 .722405 . 777932 .833453 i .888971 .944486 1.000000
90° .666667 .722222 ·777778 .833333 I .888889 .944444 1.000000
i
60° 65° 70° 80° 85° 90°
sin- 1 k --------
I 7 5°
- - -
I
------
ß
•
Bibliography.
BETZ, A.: Konforme Abbildung, Springer-Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg, 1948,
PP· 229-245.
EIERENS DE HAAN, D.: Nouvelles Tables d'Integrales Definies, 1867. Reprinted,
Stechert, New York, 1939, xiv, 716p.
BYERLY, W. E.: Elements of the Integral Calculus. Second. ed. reprinted, Stechert,
New York, 1941, pp. 211-266.
CAMBI, E.: Complete elliptic integrals of complex Legendrian modulus, J n. Math.

Phys., vol. 26, pp. 234-24 5. 1948.
DWIGHT, H. B.: Tables of Integralsand Other 1\1athematical Data. Macmillan, New

York, 1934, pp. 152-157. 208-210.
ENNEPER, A.: Elliptische Funktionen. Second ed. revised and edited by F. Mueller,
Louis Nebert, Halle A. S., 1890, xx, 598p.
ERDELYI, A., MAGNUS, W., ÜBERHETTINGER, F., TRICOMI, F.: Higher Transeen-
denlai Functions (Based, in part, on notes left by Harry Bateman), McGraw-
Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1953. chapter 13.
FLETCHER, A.: Guide to tables of elliptic functions, Mathematical Tables and Other
Aids to Computation. The National Research Council, \,Yashington, D. C., vol. 3,
pp. 229-281, 1948.
FLETCHER, A., MILLER, J. C. P. and RosENHEAD, L.: Index of Mathematical
Tables, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1946, viii, 451p.
GREENHILL, A. G.: The Application of Elliptic Functions. Macmillan, New York,

1892, xii, 357p.
GRÖBNER, W. and HoFREITER, N.: Integraltafel, Erster Teil, Unbestimmte Integrale.
Springer-Verlag, Vienna, 1949, pp. 59-106.
GRÖBNER, W. and HoFREITER, N.: Integraltafel, Zweiter Teil, Bestimmte Integrale.
Springer-Verlag, Vienna, 1950, pp. 39-51.
HANCOCK, H.: Lectures an the Theory of Elliptic Functions. Vol. 1 (no more pub-
lished), Wiley, New York, 1910, xxiv, 498p.
HANCOCK, H.: Elliptic Integrals. Wiley, New York, 1917, 104p.
HEUMAN, C.: Tables of complete elliptic integrals, Jn. Math. Phys., vol. 20, 1941,
pp. 127-206.
HoüEL, G. J.: Recueil de Formules et de Table Numerique. Ganthier Villars, Paris,
1901, pp. lxi-lxv, 7-59.
JAHNKE, E. and EMDE, F.: Tables of Functions with Formulas and Curves. Dover,
New York, 1945, pp. 41-106.
KAPLAN, E. L.: Multiple elliptic integrals, Jn. Math. Phys., vol. 29, 1950, pp. 69-75.
KING, L. V.: On the Direct Numerical Calculation of Elliptic Functions and Integrals.
Cambridge University Press, England, 1924, viii, 42p.
Bibliography. 351
LASKA, W.: Sammlung von Formeln der reinen und angewandten Mathematik, part 2,
Vieweg, Braunschweig, 1889, pp. 336-383.
LEGENDRE, A. M.: Traite des Fonctions Elliptiques et des Integrales Euleriennes.

Vol. 1, Paris, 1825, vii, 590p.
LENZ, H.: Zurückführung einiger Integrale auf einfachere. Sitzungsberichte der
Bayrischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche
Klasse, No. 10, 1951, pp. 73-80.
Low, A. R.: Normal Elliptic Functions, University of Toronto Press, Toronto,
1950, 32p.
MAcRoBERT, T. M.: Functions of a Camplex Variable. Third ed., Macmillan,

London, 1947, pp. 160-207.
JI./IEYER ZUR CAPELLEN, W.: I ntegraltafeln, Springer-V erlag, Berlin, 19 50, pp. 103-134,
182-189.
MILNE-THOMPSON, L. M.: ]acobian Elliptic Function Tables. Dover, New York,
1950, xi, 132p.
NEVILLE, E. H.: ] acobian Elliptic Functions. Clarendon Press, Oxford. Second

ed., 1951, 365p.
NYSTRÖM, E. J.: Praktische Auswertung von elliptischen Integralen dritter Gattung,
Finska Vetenski-Societeten, Helsingfors, Comment. Phys. Math., vol. 8, No. 12,
1935. 17p.
0BERHETTINGER, F. and 1iAGNUS, \V.: Anwendung der elliptischen Funktionen in

Physik und Technik. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1949, viii, 126p.
PEARSON, K.: Tables of the Complete and Incomplete Elliptic Integrals, reissued from
Tome 11 of Legendre's Traite des Fonctions Elliptiques. London, 1934, xliii, 94p.
PEIRCE, TI. 0.: A Short Table of Integrals. Third revised ed., Ginn and Co., Boston,
1929, pp. 84-86, 121-123.
RADON, B.: Sviluppi in serie degli integrali ellittici, Pubblicazioni Dell'istitute per
Je Applicazioni del Calculo, C.N.D.R., Rome, 1950, 108p.
ScHELLBACH, K. H.: Die Lehre von den Elliptischen Integralen und den Theta-
Functionen. Verlag von Georg Reimer, I3erlin, 1864, 442p.
ScnLö"'IILCH, 0. X.: Compendium der Hökern Analysis. Vol. 2, Vieweg, Braun-
schweig. Fourth ed., 1895. pp. 289-508.
SPENCELEY, G. \V. and SPENCELEY, R. M.: Smithsonian Elliptic Functions Tables.
(Smithsonian :\'Iiscellaneous Collection, vol. 109) \Vashington, 194 7. iv, 366p.
TRIC0:\11, F. G.: Funzioni ellittiche. Second ed., N. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1951,

343 p. (German ecl., Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, 1948, 315 p.)
WEIERSTRAss, K. and ScHWARZ, II. A.: Formeln und Lehrsätze zum Gebrauche der
elliptischen Funktionen. X ach Vorlesungen und A ujzeichnungen des 1Ierrn
K. \VEIERSTRASS bearbeitet und herausgegeben von H. A. ScHWARZ. Second
edition, I3erlin, 1893. xii, 96p.
WHITTAKER, E. T. and WATSON, G. N.: A Course of Modern Analysis. Revised
fourth American ed., ::\Iacmillan, New York, 1943, pp. 265-280, 429-578.
ZmiRAVSKII, A.: Spravoclmik po ellipticheskim funktsiiam. Moscow-Leningrad

Academy of Science, 'CSSR, Publishers, 1941, 235p.
Index.
(Numerals refer to pages. No symbols are included here. For these see List of
Symbols and Abbreviations. p. X.)
ABEL, 1, 18, 319- Definition, of Theta functions, 314.

Abelian integral, 252. - of vVeierstrassian elliptic function,
ADAMS, E. P., 314. 307.
Addition formula, Derivatives, 282ff.
for elliptic integrals, 13. - with respect to argument, 284.
for HEUMAN's Lambda function, -- with respect to modulus, 282.
36. - with respect to parameter, 286.
for inverse clliptic functions of Differential equation,
}ACOBI, 32. satisfied by elliptic integrals, 1 5.
for J acobian elli pticfunctions, 2 3. satisfied by J acobian elliptic func-
for J acobian Zeta function, 34. tions, 25.
for Theta functions, 316. satisfied by Theta functions, 316.
for Weierstrassian elliptic func- Doubly periodic functions, 19.
tion, 309. DUGAN, D. W., VI.
Algebraic integrands, reduction to J aco-
bian elliptic functions, 42 ff. Elliptic functions (see J acobian elliptic
ARCHIBALD, R. C., VI. functions).
Argument, 9· Elliptic integrals, 8 ff.
- , complex, 12, 24. - , addition formulas for, 13.
- , double and half, 24. - , argument of, 9.
- , imaginary, 24, 38. - , associated complete, 10.
- , canonical forms of, 8, 310.
BESSEL functions, LA.PLACE transforms - , complementary modulus of, 9.
of, 249. - , complete, 9-10.
BYRD, R. C., VI. --, complex argument of, 12.
- , conformal mappings of, 17.
(OHEN, D., VI. ----, connection with basic hypergeo-
Complcmentary modulus, 9, 19. metric series, 1 5.
Complete elliptic integral, - , definition of, 8.
- - - of first and second kind, 10. - , derivatives of, 282.
- - - of third kind, 10, 223, 225. ----, differential equations satisfied
Conformal mappings, 1 7, 28. by, 15.
- , extension ofrangeofmodulusand
DARWIN, CHARLES, 28. argument, 12.
Definition, - , imaginary argument, 38.
of elliptic integrals, 8-9. - , imaginary modulus, 38.
of HEUMAN's Lambda function, 35. - , intcgrals of, 272.
of J acobian elliptic functions, 18. - , LAPLACE transforms containing,
of J acobian Zeta function, 33. 249-
of Jacobi's inverse elliptic functions, - , LEGENDRE'S relation, 10.
29. - , limiting values of, 11.
Index. 353
Elliptic integrals, Imaginary transformation,

- - , modulus of, 9- for argument of J acobian elliptic
-- - , notations for, 9. functions, 24, 38.
--· - , numerical values of, 322ff. for argument of Jacobian Zeta
of first kind, 8, 44, 67, 97, 310. function, 34.
of second kind. 8, 44, 67, 97, 310. modulus of elliptic integrals, 38.
of third kind, 9, 44, 67, 97, 223, modulus of Jacobian elliptic
310. functions, 38.
- - , series expansions for, 297. Infinite products, for J acobian elliptic
- - , sketches of, 16. functions, 305.
--- - , special values of, 10. Infinite series,
- - , Weierstrassian form of, 310. for elliptic integrals, 297.
EMDE, F., 26. - - for J acobian elliptic functions,
ERD.ELYI, A., VI. 302.
EDLER, 1. Integrals of the elliptic integrals, 2 72 ff.
- - number, 315. Inverse elliptic functions (see J Acom's
inverse elliptic functions).
FLETCHER, A., 322.
FRAGNANO, 1. }ACOBI, 1, 18.
FRIEDMAN, M. D., VI. - , notation, 9-
J acobian elliptic functions, 18 ff.
GAuss' transformation, 39. - - - , addition formulas for, 23.
GLAISHER's notation for J acobian e!lip- - , applications of, 28.
tic functions, 19. -·, approximation formulas for,
24.
HEUMAN, C., V, 36. -, conformal mappings of, 28.
HEUMAN's Lambda function, 3 5 ff. - , derivatives of, 283-285.
- - - , addition formula for, 36. - , differential equations satis-
- - - , definition of, 35. fied by, 25.
- - - , limiting valuc of, 36. for complex and imaginary
- - , numerical values of, 344ff. arguments, 24.
- - , rclation to Theta function, 3 7. - -- -- for double and half argu-
- - , sketches of, 37. ments, 24.
·- - , special values of, 36. - , FouRIER series for, 303.
HIPPISLEY, R. L., 314. --, GAuss' transformation for,
HuGGINS, lVI. T., VI. 39-
Hyperbolic integrands, reduction to Ja- ··, GLAISHER's notation for, 19.
cobian e!liptic functions, 182 ff. --, identities for, 25.
Hyperelliptic integral, 252ff. - , infinite products for, 305.
- , definition of, 252. - , integral tables of, 191 ff.
- , reduction to three typcs, 252. --·, LANDEN's tr<>.nsformation for,
- that reduce to e!liptic integrals, 39.
254. --, modulus of, 19.
- - , table of integrals of, 256. --, other transformations for, 40.
Hypergeometrie functions, 15, 282,297- - , periodicity of, 19.
--·, poles of, 18-19.
Identities, --, reciprocal modulus trans-
for J acobian elliptic functions, 25. formation for, 38.
-·- for J ACOBI's inverse elliptic func- - , relation to Theta functions,
tions, 31. 34.
Imaginary transformation, - - , relation to Weierstrassian
for argument of elliptic integrals, elliptic function, 308.
38. -- - , residues of, 19.
354 Index.
Jacobian elliptic functions, NEVILLE, E. H., 19.

- - - , special values of, 20. Name, 11.
Jacobian Zeta function, 33ff. Normal form of elliptic integrals, 8, 310.
- - - . addition formula for, 34. Notations,
- - - . approximation formula for, - for normal form of elliptic integrals,
34. 9. 223.
- - - , complex argument for, 34. - for quotients and reciprocals of Ja-
- - - , definition of, 33. cobian elliptic functions, 19.
- - - , imaginary argument for, 34. Numerical tables of values of elliptic
- - - , limiting value of, 34. integrals, 322ff.
- - - , maximum value of, 34.
- , relation to Theta functions, ÜBERHETTINGER, F., 1, 29.
24. Order of elliptic functions, 18-19, 308.
- , sketch of, 35.
- - - , special values of, 33. Parameter of third kind of elliptic inte-
}AcoBI's inverse elliptic functions, 29ff. gral, 9, 223.
- - - - , addition formulas for, 32. PEARSON. K., 12.
- - - , definitions of, 29. Periods of elliptic functions, 19, 308.
- - - - , identities for, 31. PocHHAMMER's symbol, XII.
- - - - , special values of, 31. Products, infinite, 305.
J AHNKE, E., 26. Pseudo-elliptic integrals, 8, 319ff.
- - , definition of, 319.
KAPLAN, E. L., 275. - - , examples of, 6, 320.
KLOTTER, K., VI.
Quotients of J acobian elliptic functions,
KOBER, H., 28.
19.
KOENIGBERGER, L., 256.
Reciprocals of J acobian elliptic func-
LAGRANGE, 1. tions, 19.
LANDEN, 1. Reciprocal modulus transformation, 38.
-- transformation, 39. Recurrence formulas,
LAPLACE transforms, 249. - - for integrals of the twelve Jaco-
LEGENDRE, 1. bian elliptic functions, 191 ff.
function, 249. - - for additional integrals, 198ff.
- notation, 9, 223. Reduction to J acobian ellipticfunctions,
- relation, 10. - - - - - , algebraic integrands,
LENZ, H., 255. 42ff.
Limiting values, 11, 34. 36; (see also - - - - - , hyperbolic integrands,
Special values). 182ff.
LrouvrLLE, 1, 319. - - - - - , trigonometric inte-
Low, A. R., 310. grands, 162 ff.
Residues of J acobian elliptic functions,
MACLAURIN's series for Jacobian ellip- 19.
tic functions, 302. RITT, J. F., 1.
MAGNUS, W., VI, 1, 29.
McLACHLAN, N. W., 249. SCHWARZ, H. A., 307.
MrLNE-THOMPSON, L. M., 33. Series expansions, 296ff.
Miscellaneous integrals and formulas, for elliptic integrals, 296.
288ff. - - for J acobian elliptic functions,
Modulus, of elliptic functions and ellip- 302.
tic integrals, 9 19. for Weierstrassian elliptic func-
- , imaginary, 38. tion, Sigma function and Zeta
- , complex, 296. function, 311.
Multiple integrals, 24 5 ff. Sigma function of WEIERSTRASS, 310.
Index. 355
Special values, Transformation formulas for elliptic

for elliptic integrals, 10. functions and elliptic integrals,
for HEUMAN's Lambda function, 38ff.
36. - - , GAuss', 39-
for J acobian elliptic functions, - , imaginary argument, 38.
20. - - , imaginary modulus, 38.
for Jacobian Zeta function, 33. --- -·-, LANDEN's, 39.
for J ACOBr's inverse elliptic func- - - , others, 40.
- - , reciprocal modulus, 38.
tions, 31.
Trigonometrie integrands, reduction to
for Theta functions, 315.
J acobian elliptic functions, 162 ff.
for W eierstrassian elli ptic func-
tions, 309. Values (see Numerical values and also
SPENCELEY, G.vV., 11, 19. Special values).
SPENCELEY, R.M., 11, 19.
WATSON, G. N., 249, 315.
VVEIERSTRASS, 1, 307.
Table of numerical values of the elliptic
Weierstrassian elliptic function, 307ff.
integrals, 322 ff.
- - --, addition formula for, 309.
Tables of integrals, 45, 68, 98, 148, - - - , definition of, 307.
164, 182, 191, 224, 240, 249, 256, - - - , derivatives of, 308.
272, 288, 311. - - --, double periodicity of, 308.
Theta functions, 24, 34, 37, 314ff. - - - , expansions in series of, 311.
- , definitions of, 314. - -- - , illustrative example, 312.
- - , differential equation satisfied by - - , relation to J acobian elliptic
316. function, 308.
- - , quasi-addition formulas for, 316. - , relation to Theta functions,
- - , relation to elliptic integrals, 317. 309.
- - , relation to J acobian elliptic func- - , special values of, 309.
tions, 317. \Veierstrassian elliptic integrals, 310ff.
vVeierstrassian Sigma function, 31 o.
Third kind of elliptic integral, 9, 44,
Weierstrassian Zeta function, 310.
67, 97, 223, 310.
\VHITTAKER, E. T., 249, 315.
Three kinds of elliptic integrals, 8-9,
44, 67, 97, 310. Zeta function (see Jacobian Zeta func-
Three types of hyperelliptic integrals, tion and vVeierstrassian Zeta func-
252. tion).
Errata and Additions.
Page 13, line 4: Read sin- 1 (1/k sin V') for sin- 1 (1/k)
Page 17, line 4 from Figs. 5 and 6: Read Im for Im. In Fig. 7, the line AB of the
reetangle should be drawn heavy.
Page26, Fig.12: Read K+2iK' for K+2iK.
Page 28, line 2 from top, and lines 5. 7. and 10 from bottom: Read Im for Im.
In Fig. 17, the line AB of the reetangle should be drawn heavy.
Page118, formula255.18: Read yi"O for y=!=c.
Page 214, first term in bracket in formula 361.27: Read - 2k' 2 n for - 2k' 2 •
Page 224, footnote 1. The following should be added:
In this table of integrals, the integration is over real u. In case IV, however,
when a >1, therc are singularities on thc real axis. We must thus make a remark
on the correct interpretation of the results givcn.
The integrals 415.01-415.06 are interpreted as CAUCHY Principal Values. This
is also the interpretation in 436.01-436.05 when a sn u 1 > 1. In 415.07--415.08,
and also in 436.06 if a sn u 1 > 1, the integrals are interpreted as "generalizcd"
principal values. Thus, for example, the principal part of the integral
I.
K K K
du is J du + ~ J.!!..:!:.__
• (1- a 2 sn2 u) 2 'j- 1-o:2 sn 2 u 2 oo:
'j- 1-o:2 sn 2 u'
0 0 0
where thc symbol ~ means that the CAUCHY Principal Value is to be taken.
cp <rt
Pages 24 5-248: In this section, an integral such as .( .( F(rp1 , {}) d rp1 d {} means
! cp ( 'Pt
!F(cp 1 ,{})df} dcp 1 •
)
0 0
Page 276, line 2: Read "With Variable Upper Limit" for "Indefinite Integrals",
Pages282 and 283, formulas 710.06-710.11: Read 8jok for dfdk.
Page 284 formulas 730.00--730.04: Read 8/8 cp for dfd cp.
Pages 285 and 286: In formula 732.00, read ofo cp for dfd rp. In formulas 732.01-
732.12, read cfoy for dfdy.
Pages 305, 306 and 315: Read Im for Im.
Page 321: The numerical tables arc accurate to six places. Calculations for K Z (ß, k)
and A 0 (ß, k) were made using corrected Legeneire tables as source. The values
given for F(rp, k) ancl E(rp, k) are abbreviations of Legenclre's tables.
ERRATA
P. 2, Line 6 from bottom: For missing upper Iimit of 2nd integral, read a.
P. 6, formula (22): For missing upper Iimit of 1st integral, read y.
P. 14, formula 117.03: Line 1, read TI[-(1X 2 -k 2 )/(1-a 2 ), k] for
TI[(1X2 -k 2 )/(1-a 2 ), k]; line 3, read 1I['!l,-(a2 -k 2 )/(1-ll2 ), k] for
11[(1X2 -k 2 )/(l-a2 ), k]; formulas 117.04 and 117.05, read Tr[-k' 2 /(1X2 -1), k']
for TI[k' 2 /(1X 2 -1), k']; formulas 117.06, read Tr[-(k 2 -1X 2 )/1X 2 , k'] for
TI [ (k 2 -a 2 ) I 1X 2 , k '].
P.18,formulas11 9.03: read E(k 1 ,k') for E(k 1 ), and F(kl'k') for K(k 1 ),
where, k 1 = V1-a 2 k 2 /k '.
P. 23. 1st forrnula in 123.07: Read -2 for 2; 2nd formula on the right, read cn for dn.
P. 24, last formula in 125.01: Read cn (u,k) for nc (u,k).
P. 26, Fig. 12: For distance from axis to upper edge of curve, read k' for -k'.
P. 21l, forrnula 129.51: In the brackets, for rnodulus of sn, read q for k (q).
P. 29, last integral in line 15: For missing upper Iimit, read a.
P. 32, last formula in 133.01: On the left, read sn' 1 (x,k) + cn' 1 (y,k) for
sn· 1 (y,k) + cn' 1 (x,k).
P. 34, line 3 from bottom: Read 710.06 for 710.04.
P. 37, line 7: Read 710.11 for 710.07.
P. 40, 3rd formula in line 2: Read (k 1 +ctiJ 2 for (k 1 +1XP.
P. 57, formula 218.11: Read (a 2 -b 2 ) 2 for (a 2 -b 2 ).
P. 61, in 'box' above formula 221.00: Read tan' 1 (y/b) for ln' 1 (yjb).
P. 64, formula 225.00: Read F ('!l,k) for F (cos <j),k). Formnla 225.04, under the
summation sign, insert factor 2i.
P. 67, line 2: First term, read 2 for 2; second term, read -2() for 2.
(yl-p)m y-p m
P. 75, line 3: R ead (p-b) for (p-b (.
P. 84, forrnula 238.02: Read a 2 for a.
P. ll5, forrnula 231l.17: In denorninator on the right, read tm for m.
P. 86, forrnula 239.03: Und er the integral sign, read dt.
P. 90, forrnula 242.06: On tbe right, rnultiply by tbe factor (-1)"'.
P. 91, forrnula 243.02, in denominator, read 4A for 4A 2 ; formula 243.06, on tbe left,
read +A for -A.
P. 97, forrnula 250.03: Delete 4 in denorninator.
P. 100, formula 251.24: Read (1-IX2 sn 2 u)m for (1-IX 2 sn 2 u).
P. 134, formula 259.53: Read 1- (lf-2) cn u for 1+ ({3-2) cn u.
P. 140, Forrnula 261.59, read 2 ds u for ds u; formula 261.55 on the right, multiply by
factor l/4m.
P. 143, forrnula 264.04: Delete ({k')m and ({k')m+i.
P. 145, formula 264.54: Delete (/k') m and (yk') m+i; line 3, read -IX for IX.
P. 152, formula 272.54: Read ~ for )t 2 -1; formula 272.58, read N-1) 3
for y' (t 2 -1)3.
P. 154, formula 273.53: Read 4//2 for l/,[2.
P. 156, formula 275.00, delete minus sign. Formula 275.03, read -24 for +24, and
(4-j)! for (m-j)! Formula 275.04, multiply right side by (-1) m, and read
-(1-Y 2 )m·i for -(Y 2 -1)m·i.
Byrd and Friedman: Handbook.of Elliptic Integrals for Engineers and Physicists.
P. 157, formula 275.06: Multiply rigbt side by (-1) m.
P. 160, formula 279.00, 1st line, 2nd integral on right: Read (t 4 -a) for (t-a).
P. 161: Delete formula 279.50.
P. 171, first line in 'box': Read /2/a for ~.
P. 177, formula 291.02: Read ak 2 p (1+J'-p) for ak 2 p.
P. 180, formula 294.01: Und er second integral sign, read du.

P. 187, formula 297.56: Read coshm~ for coshm.
2 for
P. 196, formula 318.05: Read sd 2 m·lu for sd 2 m+lu; formula 318.06, read sd mu
sd 2 m+ 2u; formula 318.03, read I/2k k '
3 3 for I/2k 2 k ' 2 , and multiply first term in
brackets by (2k 2-I).
P. 199, formula 330.04: Read (a 1 +sn u)-m for (a 1 +sn u) m.
P. 200, formula 332.5I: Read (1-o:pm for (1-0:~).
P. 204, formula 339.75: Under summation sign, 2nd term on right, read k i for k m.
2 2
P. 208, formula 348.52: Read G m+ for Gm; formula 348.85, read (-1) m-i+l for (-1) m.
2 2
P. 209, formula 351.51: For upper index on 2nd summation sign, read n for m.
P. 2IO, formula 353.01: Read k 2 (m+n-l) for k 2 m+n-!); 5th and 6th line in formula
355.01, read nd 2 (m-l)u for nd 2 m-lu; 3rd line in formula 356.0I, read cn (m-l)u for
2
cn2 m-1 )u.

2
P. 214, 1st term in brackets in formula 361.27: Read -2k ' u for -2k ' .
2
P. 2I5, formula 361.50: On tbe right, read 1±sn u for 1+sn u. Formula 361.54: After
tbe 3rd equality sign in the expression for { 1 , insert factor I/2.
2
P. 2I7, formula 362.03: Read k 2 E (u) for E (u ), and k sn u cd u for k sn u cd
4 u.
P. 232, line 3 in 'box': Read 8 for H, and ~ 0 for 'ii'J.

P. 247, formula 531.07: Read K' (k 4 ) for K (k 4 ).
P. 254, last integral in line 7: Read r 2 p-l for rP· .
1
P. 256, 1st line in formula 576.00: Read {13 for ,[3.
P. 258, 1st line in formula 578.00: Read tf3 for ,[3.
P. 267, top line and also Ist line above 'box': Read I<1/yn for 1<1/n.
P. 268, line above 'box': Read 1/yn<Y<oo for 1/n <Y<oo.
2
P. 272, formulas 610.00: and 6II.OO: Read k 2 " for k "+1.
P. 275, formula 615.I2: Read km- 2 for k"- 2 .
P.286,form ula732.07: Read oo>y>1 for oo>y>O.
P. 292, formula 806.03: Read (j-22 )! for (j-\)! .
P. 298, formula 900.05: Read (-mt)2 for (:t): formula 900.08, under summation sign.
read
P. 299, formula 902.0I: Read ( -~) for ( -;:-}

8
P. 302, formula 907.03, last term: Read k 2 u 8 for u .
read
P. 303, 3rd line in footnote: Read I-q2 m +1 for 1+q2 m +I; in last line of footnote,
1+q 2 m +I for I-q 2 m +I; formula 907.07, read 408 for 498.
P. 308, last line in formulas I032.03: Read 4t
3 for 4t 2 •
P. 311, formula 1037.10: In the brackets, replace a by 0:, with 0: ~ 8"-l (-d).
P. 312, formula I037.12: Read m-1 for m --
P. 3I5, 2nd formula on right in I051.02: Read -H(u) for H(u), and -~ 1 (v) for ~ 1
(v).
Pages 317-319, formulas I053.02-1053 .05: The Theta functions in all these formulas
should be replaced by tbe logaritbm of the Theta functions.
P. 321, Ist formula in 1060.04: Read dc u ns u for dn u es u.

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DIE GRUNDLEHREN DER

SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN HEIDELBERG GMBH

SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN HEIDELBERG GMBH

ALLE RECHTE VORBEHALTEN

OHNE AUSDRUCKLJCHE GENEHMIGUNG DES VERLAGES

D. FRIEDMAN, undertook the job of verifying each formula. Where

Palo Alto, California. PAUL F. BYRD.

Reduction of Algebraic Integrands to Jacobian Elliptic Functions 42

Reduction of Trigonometrie Irrtegrands to Jaeobian Elliptie Functions 162

Reduetion of Hyperbolie Irrtegrands to Jaeobian Elliptie Functions 182

Tables of Integrals of J acobian Elliptic Functions . . . . . . . . 191

Elliptic Integrals of the Third Kind 223

Table of Miseellaneous Elliptie Integrals Involving Trigonometrie or Hyperbolie

Elliptic Integrals Resulting from Laplaee Transformations 249

Hyperelliptic Integrals . 252

Integrals of the Elliptie Integrals 272

Parameter of elliptic integral of the thircl

Symbol or Abbreviation Meaning 1 Section

z "!= 0, - 1, - 2, ... , Gamma function

]y(z) = ~ ~- (=_1_~~-(3_)Y+ 2 m Besscl

~-~ [EF(q;>, k') + K E(q;, k')- K F(q;, k')],

Symbol or Abbreviation Meaning Section

!J(u) Weierstrassian elliptic function 1030

== -1- /" (1- f2)n (z- 1)-n-1 dt

1J!(z) == ~- _1_ + '\' z , digamma func-

Integration in Finite Terms (Liouville's Theory of Elementary Methods) by J. F.

in Physik und Technik. (Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften,

In our table of integrals involving algebraic integrands, one of the

As another example, take the integral

Hence we may employ 215.00.

The above also applies to the table of integrals involving trigono-

We give now the following five examples to illustrate in detail how

= a ~~ 2 [k' 2F(<p, k)- E(q;, k) + tan <p V1- k2 sin q;j,

From 257.39, with a=t1 , b=t0 , c= - t1 , d= -1, m= 1 and p =ßYfX,

With m = 1, one obtains next, from 238.03 and 310.02,

J(t=~)V(t~~(T- b)-~ __:'0 --tv~~ Jsn2u du

(17) 2 [u- E(u)]~·

From 238.04 and 318.02 it is readily seen that

(18) _- 2 ---- -- [E(ul ) _ k' 2 ul _ k2 snu1 cnu1 ]

= 2 _ [E(rp, k)- k' 2 F(rp, k)- k2 - siil{J?~os_cp_],

and with 238.05 and 316.0Z that

Using 216.06 and 216.09, we may at once write (22) as

(23) J= a [j'dc 2 udu- k 2 lcd 2 udu],

or, applying (24),

The final evaluation thus involves only elementary functions.

where a and b are certain constants which depend on the acceleration

where k 2 =(a-t-b)j2b, and 8=Sin- 1 vb(l~--t-C~(j?l.

t = -... 1- - ln ( tan 'P + sec 'P_)' .

is called an elliptic integral if the equation

(a 0 and a1 not both zero),

The Three Canonical Forms of the Elliptic Integrals.

The normal elliptic integral of the second kind:

of a finite number of elementary functions. Such integrals are said to be pscudo-

logarithmic and exponential functions.

The normal elliptic integral of the third kind 1 :

= 1 2 =Il (u1 , 1X2) == II (am u 1 , IX 2, k) c=Il (cp, IX 2 , k)

The second form of each of the above integrals is written in Legen-

The Complementary Modulus.

Complete Elliptic Integrals.

110.06 = du =F(n/2, k)- K(k) == K,

1 In the definition of ll (rp, ()( 2 , k) some authors write +

=ll(n/2,CJ.2 ,k) =ll(CJ.2,k),