MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Elements of Electrical Engineering 22215:EEC
Important Instructions to examiners:
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in themodel answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may tryto assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given moreImportance (Not applicable for
subject English and Communication Skills).
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in thefigure. The figures
drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for anyequivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constantvalues may vary and
there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer based on
candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual (English +
Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE Diploma Programme from academic year 2021-2022. Hence if
the students in first year (first and second semesters) write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English
+Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts with model
answer.
Sub
Q. Marking
Q. Answer
No. Scheme
N.
1. Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10 Marks
a) Define term:
i) Permeability
ii) Reluctance
Ans:
i) Permeability :
It is defined as the ability with which the magnetic material permits or allows the magnetic
1 Mark
flux to set up through it.
OR
Permeability of a material is its ability to permit the magnetic flux to set up through it.
ii) Reluctance :
It is the property of the substance which opposes the creation of magnetic flux in it.
1 Mark
OR
It is the opposition to the magnetic flux in magnetic circuit.
b) State the significance of power factor.
Ans:
Significance of power factor:
(i) The power factor of a circuit gives the ability of a circuit to convert its apparent power into
true power. 1 Mark for
(ii) Low p.f. indicates that a very small amount of total power is being actually utilized. each any two
(iii) If p.f. is Low, then large KVA is required to obtain desired KW. significance
OR = 2 Marks
The apparent power drawn by a circuit has two components:
i) Active power & ii) Reactive power
Active power should be as large as possible because it is the component which does useful
work in the circuit and is possible if reactive power component is small and power factor is
approaching to unity. Thus power factor of a circuit is a measure of its effectiveness in
utilizing the apparent power drawn by it. Higher the power factor, higher is the utilization of
Page 1 of 13
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Elements of Electrical Engineering 22215:EEC
apparent power.
c) State the relationship between line and phase value for 3 phase star connection.
Ans:
For star connection, Line current = Phase current
i.e IL = Iph 1 Mark
Line voltage = √3 (Phase Voltage)
i.e VL = √3Vph 1 Mark
d) State the EMF equation of transformer.
Ans:
E.M. F. equation of transformer:
E1 = 4.44 f max N1 volt 2 Marks for
E2 = 4.44 f max N2 volt correct
Where equation with
N1 = Number of turns of primary winding, N2 = Number of turns of secondary winding meaning of
max = maximum flux in core in weber, f = Frequency of supply in Hz. terms
E1 = R. M. S. value of induced emf in primary winding in volt
E2 = R. M. S. value of induced emf in secondary winding in volt
e) Write any four main parts of dc motor.
Ans:
Main parts of dc motor:
1) Yoke ½ Mark for
2) Pole Cores & Pole shoe each of any
3) Armature core four parts
4) Armature winding = 2 Marks
5) Field winding
6) Brush
7) Cooling Fan
8) Commutator
f) State the types of single phase induction motors.
Ans:
Types of single phase induction motors: ½ Mark for
1) Split phase induction motor. each of any
2) Capacitor start induction motor. four types
3) Capacitor start Capacitor run induction motor. = 2 Marks
4) Permanent split capacitor motor
5) Shaded pole induction motor
g) List any two factors that affect on earth resistance.
Ans:
Factors affecting Earth resistance: 1 Mark for
1) Material of earth electrode and earth wire. each any two
2) Size of earth electrode and earth wire. factors
3) Temperature of the soil which surrounds the earth electrode. = 2 Marks
4) Moisture content of soil surrounding the earth electrode.
5) Depth of earth electrode below the surface.
2. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 Marks
Page 2 of 13
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Elements of Electrical Engineering 22215:EEC
a) Explain Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.
Ans:
Faraday’s laws of Electromagnetic Induction:
First law:
½ Mark for
When a conductor cuts or is cut by the magnetic flux, an EMF is induced in the conductor. each
Second law: statement
The magnitude of EMF induced in the conductor depends on rate of change of flux linking = 1 Mark
with the conductor or rate of flux cut by the conductor.

1 Mark for
diagram

Explanation:
 A stationary coil is placed near a movable permanent magnet and galvanometer is
connected across the coil to measure current flowing through it.
 As magnet is moved closer to or away from the coil, the galvanometer starts showing 2 Marks for
deflection. explanation
 The magnitude of the current through the coil is zero when both coil & magnet are
stationary.
 If the movement of magnet if fast, the emf has more magnitude and it causes more current
i.e more deflection in galvanometer.
 The direction of coil current depends on the direction of movement of the magnet, i.e
towards coil or away from coil.
 The expression of induced e.m.f. is as follows:
|e| α (change in flux)/(time in which it occurs)
e = N (dФ /dt) volts
(OR any equivalent diagram and explanation be considered)
b) State the concept of lagging and leading phase difference with the help of waveforms.
Ans:
i) Leading phase difference :
When two ac quantities of same frequency do not attain their respective zero or peak
values simultaneously, then the quantities are said to be out-of-phase quantities. The quantity 2 Marks for
which attains the respective zero or peak value first, is called ‘Leading Quantity’. Explanation
In the following first diagram, the voltage attains its zero or positive peak first and after of two
an angle of , the current attains its respective zero or positive peak value, hence voltage is concepts
said to be leading the current by an angle of . Similarly, in the second diagram, the current is
said to be leading the voltage by .
ii) Lagging phase difference:
Page 3 of 13
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Elements of Electrical Engineering 22215:EEC
The quantity which attains the respective zero or peak value later, is called ‘Lagging
Quantity’.
In the following first diagram, the current attains its zero or positive peak later than the
voltage after an angle of , hence current is said to be lagging the voltage by an angle of .
Similarly, in the second diagram, the voltage is said to be lagging the current by .

2 Marks for
any one neat
labeled
diagram

c) Draw a balanced 3-phase star connected load. Show various line and phase quantities.
Ans:
Balanced 3-phase star connected load:
1 Mark for
diagram
1 Mark for
line & phase
currents
1 Mark for
phase voltage
1 Mark for
line voltage

d) Compare Autotransformer and two winding transformer with respect to

(i) Number of winding
(ii) Symbol
(iii) Copper saving
(iv) Application
Ans:-
Comparison of auto transformer with two winding transformer:
Sr.
Points Autotransformer Two winding transformer
No.
(i) Number of Only one winding, part of the There are two separate
winding winding is common for windings for primary and
primary and secondary. secondary.
(ii) Symbol 1 Mark for
each bit
= 4 Marks

Page 4 of 13
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Elements of Electrical Engineering 22215:EEC
(iii) Copper Copper winding requirement is Copper winding requirement
saving less as there is only one is more as there are two
winding, compared to two windings.
winding transformer.
(iv) Application Variac, starting of ac motors, Step-up and Step-down the
Dimmerstat, inter-connecting voltage in transmission and
transformers in HV power distribution purpose ,
system Isolation transformer,
welding transformer, CT, PT

3. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 Marks

a) Explain static and dynamic induced emf with neat diagram.
Ans:
Statically Induced EMF:-
 In this case, neither coil nor magnet moves. The changing magnetic field links with
stationary coil and emf is induced. The emf induced without any motion is called
1 Mark for
statically induced emf. labeled
 Statically induced EMF is having two main types: diagram
 Self-induced EMF: The changing magnetic flux produced by coil when links with +
the coil itself, the emf induced in it is called self-induced emf. 1 Mark for
 Mutually induced EMF: The changing magnetic flux produced by one coil when explanation
links with the second coil, the emf is induced in second coil. This emf is called = 2 Marks
mutually-induced emf.
 The expression for induced EMF is e = -L(di/dt) or = -N(dϕ/dt).
Self-induced EMF Mutually induced EMF

Dynamically Induced EMF:-

 In this case, either coil or magnet
moves, so that there is relative motion 1 Mark for
between coil & magnetic field. Thus labeled
magnetic field is cut by coil & emf is diagram
induced in it. The emf induced due to +
relative motion is called dynamically 1 Mark for
induced emf. explanation
 The expression for induced EMF is e = = 2 Marks
B.l.v.sin
 Dynamically induced EMF is observed
in DC generator, Induction Motors, Back EMF in D.C. Motor, Alternators etc.

Page 5 of 13
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Elements of Electrical Engineering 22215:EEC
b) 10kVA, 2200/200V, 50Hz single phase transformer has 80 turns on secondary winding. Calculate
number of primary winding turns, full load primary and secondary currents and maximum value of
flux in the core.
Ans:
Given: 𝑉1 = 2200 𝑉 𝑉2 = 200 𝑉 f = 50Hz, Rating of T/F = 10kVA
i) Primary winding turns
𝑉2 𝑁2 200 80
𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = = = =
𝑉1 𝑁1 2200 𝑁 1
80
∴ 𝑁1 = × 2200 = 𝟖𝟖𝟎 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠
200
ii) Full load Primary current 1 Mark for
𝑘𝑉𝐴 10 × 1000 each bit
𝐼1 = = = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟒𝟓𝑨 = 4 Marks
𝑉1 2200
iii) Full load Secondary current
𝑘𝑉𝐴 10 × 1000
𝐼2 = = = 𝟓𝟎𝑨
𝑉2 200
iv) Maximum value of flux in the core
𝐸1 = 4.44𝑓𝑚 𝑁1
𝐸1 2200
∴ 𝑚 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝑾𝒃
𝑓𝑁1 50 × 880
c) Draw and explain spilt phase induction motor.
Ans:
Spilt phase Induction Motor:
 The stator of a split-phase induction motor is provided with an auxiliary or starting
winding S in addition to the main or running winding M.
 The starting winding is located 90° electrical from the main winding and operates only
during the brief period when the motor starts up. The two windings are so designed that
the starting winding S has a high resistance and relatively small reactance while the main
2 Marks for
winding M has relatively low resistance and large reactance as shown in the schematic diagram and
connections. Consequently, the currents flowing in the two windings have reasonable 2 Marks for
phase difference ( = 25° to 30°) as shown in the phasor diagram. explanation
 When the two stator windings are energized from a single-phase supply, the main = 4 Marks
winding carries current Im while the starting winding carries current Is.
 Since main winding is highly
inductive while the starting winding
is highly resistive, the currents Im and
Is have a reasonable phase angle ( =
25° to 30°) between them.
 Consequently, a rotating magnetic
field (RMF) approximating to that of a 2-phase machine is produced.
 This RMF is cut by stationary rotor conductors and emf is induced in them.
 Since rotor conductors are short circuited by end rings, the emf circulates current and due
to interaction between current and rotating magnetic field, force is exerted on rotor.
Page 6 of 13
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Elements of Electrical Engineering 22215:EEC
 The rotor rotates in the same direction as that of RMF.
 When the motor reaches about 75% of synchronous speed, the centrifugal switch opens
the circuit of the starting winding.
 The motor then operates as a single-phase induction motor and continues to accelerate till
it reaches the normal speed. The normal speed of the motor is below the synchronous
speed and depends upon the load on the motor.
d) Write any two applications of each of the following:
(i) Fuse
(ii) MCCB
Ans:
(i) Applications of fuse:
1 Mark for
 Used in domestic installations to provide short circuit protection. each of any
 Used in commercial / Industrial installations to provide overload and short circuit two
protection. applications
 Used for protection of various appliances. = 2 Marks
 Used for protection of various electronic circuits.
(ii) Applications of MCB:
 Used in lightning circuits.
1 Mark for
 Used in distribution feeders. each of any
 Used in switching motors. two
 Used in capacitor circuits. applications
 Used in power circuits. = 2 Marks
 Used in control circuits.
4. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 Marks
a) Draw and explain B-H curve for magnetic material.
Ans:
B-H curve for magnetic material:
The B-H curve is the graphical representation of
relation between flux density (B) and applied field
strength (H), with H plotted on the x-axis and B
2 Marks for
plotted on the y-axis. Typical B-H curve is as
diagram
shown in figure below:
+
The B-H curve can be described by dividing it into
2 Marks for
3 regions.
explanation
Region OA: For zero current, H = 0 and flux
= 4 Marks
density B is also zero. The flux density B then
increases gradually as the value of H is increased.
However flux density B changes slowly in this
region.
Region AB: In this region, for small change in H, there is large change in flux density B. The
B-H curve is almost linear in this region.
Region beyond B: After point B, the change in flux density B is small even for a large
change in H. Finally, the B-H curve will tend to be parallel to X axis. This region is called as
saturation region.
Page 7 of 13
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Elements of Electrical Engineering 22215:EEC
b) Draw schematic diagram of dc series and shunt motor. Also give the application of both
motors.
Ans:
1 Mark for
circuit
Diagram of
each
= 2 Marks

Applications of dc shunt motor Applications of dc series motor

1) Lathe machine 1) Crane
2) Drilling machine 2) Hoist
3) Milling machine 3) Elevator 1 Mark for
4) Printing machinery 4) Lift one
5) Paper industry 5) Traction application application of
6) Centrifugal pumps 6) Tram cars each
7) Blowers 7) Trolly buses = 2 Marks
8) Fans etc. 8) Electric trains

c) Explain principle of operation of shaded pole motor with neat diagram.

Ans:
Principle of operation of shaded pole Induction motor:
It has squirrel cage rotor and salient
pole stator. The stator poles are
shaded partially by short circuited
conductor band, called shading 2 Marks for
band, to create the phase difference labeled
between the fluxes emerging from diagram
shaded and un-shaded portion.
These phase differing fluxes
produce the required torque on the
rotor for motion.
When a single phase supply is fed to the stator winding, an alternating flux is produced in the 2 Marks for
pole. A portion of this flux links with the shading band and induces a voltage in it. As principle of
shading band is short-circuited, a large current flows in it. The current in the shading band operation
causes the flux in the shaded portion of the pole to lag behind the flux in the un-shaded
portion of the pole. Thus the flux in the shaded portion reaches its maximum value after the
flux in the un-shaded portion reaches its maximum. The phase difference in fluxes causes
equivalent rotating magnetic field in the air-gap and torque is exerted on the squirrel cage
rotor.
(OR Any equivalent diagram)
d) Write any four applications of following motor:
i) Universal motor
Page 8 of 13
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Elements of Electrical Engineering 22215:EEC
ii) Stepper motor.
Ans:- 1 Mark for
i) Applications of Universal motor: each of any 2
1) portable drills 2) hair dryers 3) grinders 4) mixers applications
5) table-fans 6) blowers 7) polishers 8) Kitchen appliances = 2 Marks
ii) Applications of Stepper motor: +
1) Floppy disc drives 2) Computer printers 3) image scanners 1 Mark for
4) CD drives 5) Electric clocks 6) solar power systems each of any 2
7) robotics 8) CNC machine 9) Control systems applications
10) Biomedical applications 11) XY recorder = 2 Marks

e) Write any four major points related to rewireable fuse.

Ans:
Major points related to rewireable fuse:
1) Rewirable or Kit–Kat Type fuses are a type of Low Voltage (LV) Fuses.
2) They are most commonly used in house wiring, small industries and other small current 1 Mark for
applications. each of any 4
3) Rewirable Fuses consists of two main parts: a Fuse Base, which contains the in and out points
terminal, and a Fuse Carrier, which holds the Fuse Element. = 4 Marks
4) The Fuse Base is generally made up of Porcelain and the Fuse Element is made up of
Tinned Copper, Aluminium, Lead, etc.
5) The Fuse Carrier can be easily plugged in or removed from the Fuse Base without the
risk of any electric shock.
6) When the fuse is blown due to over current, one can easily remove the Fuse Carrier and
replace the fuse wire. This is the main advantage of rewireable fuse.
5 Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 Marks
a) An alternating voltage is represented by V = 50 sin 628 t. Calculate frequency, amplitude,
rms value, average value, form factor and peak factor.
Ans:
𝑉 = 50 sin 628 𝑡
Standard form of equation : 𝑣 = 𝑉𝑚 sin 𝑡 = 𝑉𝑚 sin 2𝜋𝑓𝑡

1) Frequency :
2𝜋𝑓𝑡 = 628 𝑡
628 1 Mark
𝑓 = 2𝜋 = 100 𝐻𝑧
2) Amplitude : 1 Mark
𝑉𝑚 = 50 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡
3) RMS Value:
𝑅𝑀𝑆 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 = 0.707 × 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 ½ Mark
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 0.707 × 𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 0.707 × 50 ½ Mark
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 35.35 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡
4) Average Value :
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 = 0.637 × 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 (over half cycle) ½ Mark
𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 0.637 × 𝑉𝑚

Page 9 of 13
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
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WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Elements of Electrical Engineering 22215:EEC
𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 0.637 × 50 ½ Mark
𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 31.85 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡
5) Form Factor :
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
𝑅𝑀𝑆 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 ½ Mark
35.35
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = = 1.11 ½ Mark
31.85
6) Peak Factor :
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 ½ Mark
𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝑅𝑀𝑆 𝑉𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
50
𝑃𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 35.35 = 1.41 ½ Mark
b) Three similar coils each of resistance 20 Ω are connected in delta to a 3-phase 415 V, 50 Hz supply.
Calculate phase current, phase voltage, line current, line voltage, total line and phase power.
Ans:
Given
𝑅𝑝ℎ = 20𝛺 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 415 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡 𝑓 = 50𝐻𝑧
For Delta-connected load, Vph = VL = 415 volt
1) Phase Current :
𝑉𝑝ℎ 415
𝐼𝑝ℎ = = = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 𝑨
𝑅𝑝ℎ 20
2) Phase Voltage :
𝑉𝑝ℎ = 𝑉𝐿 = 𝟒𝟏𝟓 𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐭
3) Line Current: 1 Mark for
𝐼𝐿 = √3 × 𝐼𝑝ℎ = √3 × 20.75 each bit
𝐼𝐿 = 𝟑𝟓. 𝟗𝟒 𝑨 = 6 Marks
4) Line Voltage :
𝑉𝐿 = 𝟒𝟏𝟓 𝐯𝐨𝐥𝐭
5) Total Line Power :
𝑃𝐿 = √3 × VL × IL × cos∅ (For purely resistive load, cos∅ = 1)
𝑃𝐿 = √3 × 415 × 35.94 × 1
𝑃𝐿 = 𝟐𝟓𝟖𝟑𝟑. 𝟕𝟏 𝐖
6) Phase Power:
𝑃𝑝ℎ = 𝑉𝑝ℎ × 𝐼𝑝ℎ × 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅
𝑃𝑝ℎ = 415 × 20.75 × 1
𝑃𝑝ℎ = 𝟖𝟔𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 𝐖
c) A single phase 2 KVA, 200V/100V transformer used in a laboratory. Calculate :
(i) Primary winding current
(ii) Secondary winding current
(iii) Turn ratio
(iv) Voltage ratio
(v) Current ratio
(vi) Transformation ratio
Ans:
1) Primary winding current :
𝐾𝑉𝐴 = 𝑉1 × 𝐼1
2000
𝐼1 = = 𝟏𝟎 𝐀
200
2) Secondary winding current :
Page 10 of 13
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WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Elements of Electrical Engineering 22215:EEC
𝑉1 × 𝐼1 = 𝑉2 × 𝐼2
200 × 10 = 100 × 𝐼2
𝐼2 = 𝟐𝟎 𝐀
3) Turn ratio : 1 Mark for
𝑁 𝑉 200 𝑁2 𝑉2 100 each of 6 bits
𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 𝑁1 = 𝑉1 = =2 OR =𝑉 = = 0.5
2 2 100 𝑁1 1 200
= 6 Marks
4) Voltage ratio :
𝑉 100 𝑉1 200
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 𝑉2 = = 0.5 OR = =2
1 200 𝑉2 100
5) Current ratio :
𝐼 10
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 1 = = 0.5
𝐼2 20
6) Transformation ratio:
𝑉2 𝑁2 100
𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = = = = 0.5
𝑉1 𝑁1 200
6 Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 Marks
a) Explain principle of operation of permanent capacitor motor with neat diagram. Also state
any four applications of permanent capacitor motor.
Ans:

2 Marks for
circuit
diagram
+
2 Marks for
explanation
The figure shows the circuit diagram of the permanent split capacitor motor. A capacitor CR +
is known as running capacitor. It remains in the circuit continuously during starting and 2 Marks for
running of the motor. Thus the motor is a permanent capacitor motor. any four
Capacitor serves the purpose of obtaining necessary phase displacement (about 90) at the applications
time of starting and also during running condition and also improves the power factor of the = 6 Marks
motor. Due to capacitor motor operation becomes salient.
When single phase supply is given to the motor, two currents having phase displacement of
about 90 flow through two windings. This results in the production of rotating magnetic
field (RMF). The RMF is cut by stationary rotor conductors, emf is induced in it, current
flows and force is exerted on rotor conductors. The torque is developed and rotor starts
rotating. Since both windings remain in circuit, all the time rotating magnetic field is there to
produce the torque and drive the load.
Application of permanent capacitor induction motor :
1) Table fans
2) Ceiling fans
3) Blowers
4) Oil burners
5) Room coolers
6) Portable tools
7) Domestic & commercial electrical appliances where low starting torque is required

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Elements of Electrical Engineering 22215:EEC
8) Induction regulators
9) Furnace controls
10) Valves and arc welding controls
11) Exhaust fans etc.
b) State meaning of earthing and importance of earthing. Also explain any one type of earthing
used in electrical installation.
Ans:
Earthing:
Earthing means connecting metallic body of the electrical equipment to earth to avoid the
hazards due to leakage current. If the leakage current keeps circulating in the body of the 1 Mark
equipment, it might result in electrical shock to person who touches the metallic body.
Importance of Earthing:
i) To provide protection and safety to the operator.
ii) To provide protection and safety to the equipment. 2 Marks for
iii) To facilitate the balanced supply conditions. any two
iv) To provide safe path to discharge lightning and short circuit currents. points
v) To isolate the faulty section.
Plate Earthing : -
The plate is kept in vertical position and is embedded in an alternate layer of coal and salt,
each with a minimum thickness of about 15 cm. The layer of coal and salt help to reduce the
earth resistance. A galvanized iron pipe fitted with funnel at the top is provided to pour salty 1 Mark for
water in the pit of earth plate from time to time in the summer season when the moisture explanation
content in the soil reduces to a large extent. and 2 Marks
for diagram
Pipe earthing:- of any one
In this method galvanized iron pipe is embedded vertically in ground to work as earth type
electrode. The depth at which pipe should be buried in ground depends on soil condition. = 3 Marks
Earth wire fastened to the top section of the pipe with nut bolts. In this method, the earth wire
connection with galvanized iron pipe being above the ground level, it can be easily checked
for carrying out continuity tests as and when desired.

Page 12 of 13
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Elements of Electrical Engineering 22215:EEC
c) Explain with neat diagram, operation of ELCB and two applications.
Ans:
Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB):

2 Marks for
circuit
diagram
(equivalent
diagram may
be
considered)
+
2 Marks for
explanation
+
 Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker working on Residual Current principle is represented by 2 Marks for
circuit as shown in the figure. two
 ELCB comprises of a three winding transformer, that has two primary windings and also applications
one secondary winding. = 6 Marks
 Neutral & Phase wires work as the two main windings. A wire-wound search coil is the
secondary winding.
 Phase and neutral wires magnetize core in opposite direction, so when phase wire current
(say going to load) is equal to the neutral current (returning from load), the core
magnetization will be zero. Therefore, no emf is induced in search coil and no current is
supplied to trip coil.
 Thus flow of current through the secondary winding is “0” in the stable condition. In this
condition, the flux produced by the current over the phase wire will be deactivated by the
returning current through the neutral wire.
 However, when some earth fault takes place i.e in load the phase wire accidently makes
contact with earthed metal cover of load, the leakage current flows to earth.
 Thus neutral current will be less than the phase current by an amount equal to the leakage
current. Therefore, the core gets magnetized and an emf is induced in search coil.
 This emf circulates current through trip coil of relay, which then opens the switch to
disconnect the load from supply.
 Thus as soon as the earth leakage takes place, the breaking mechanism, called breaker is
opened. Therefore, the device is called Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker.
 Since this device works on residual current (unbalance current) of phase and neutral wires,
it is also called “Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB)”.
Applications of ELCB:
1) The voltage-operated E.L.C.B. is generally used where there are poor earthing
conditions (for example, rocky or dry sub-soil).
2) The current operated ELCB is a popular circuit breaker used in industrial,
commercial, and household applications.
3) ELCB is used in wet locations where chances of electric shocks are more.

Page 13 of 13