1- International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS): This is an international

treaty that sets minimum safety standards for ships engaged in international voyages.
International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code: This code was developed in
response to the 9/11 attacks and sets out the minimum security requirements for ships
and port facilities. International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code: This code
provides guidance on the safe transportation of dangerous goods by sea. International
Convention on Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers
(STCW): This convention sets minimum training, certification, and watchkeeping
standards for seafarers. International Convention on Load Lines (LL): This convention sets
out the minimum requirements for the placement of load lines on ships.

2- Safety Training: Crewmembers should receive regular safety training, which should
cover the different types of dangers that they may encounter aboard the ship. This
training may include topics such as fire safety, man overboard procedures, and
personal protective equipment.
Safety Briefings: Before setting sail, the captain or other designated officer should
conduct a safety briefing with all crewmembers. Signage: Signs should be posted
throughout the ship to indicate potential hazards and to provide instructions for
responding to emergencies.
Written Procedures, Risk Assessments:

2- Danger Signs: These signs are used to indicate an immediate and potentially life-
threatening hazard, Warning Signs: These signs are used to indicate a potential hazard or
danger that may cause injury or damage. Caution Signs: These signs are used to indicate
a potential hazard or danger that may not cause injury or damage but could result in
unsafe behavior.

4Risk Assessment: A risk assessment should be conducted to identify hazards and

determine the appropriate PPE required to control the risk.
Selection of PPE: PPE should be selected based on the identified hazards and the
requirements of the job. The PPE should be suitable for the intended use,
comfortable, and fit the wearer correctly.
Provision and Maintenance of PPE: The employer is responsible for providing and
maintaining the PPE, ensuring that it is in good condition, and replacing it as
necessary.
Training and Information: Seafarers should receive training and information on the
correct use and maintenance of the PPE, as well as the risks associated with the job.
Storage and Disposal: PPE should be stored in a clean, dry place, and disposed of
in accordance with local regulations.
Examples of PPE required under COSWP include safety helmets, eye protection, hearing
protection, respiratory protective equipment, gloves, safety footwear, and high-visibility
clothing. The specific requirements for PPE may vary depending on the type of vessel and
the nature of the work being performed.

5- Personal protective equipment (PPE) is a type of protective gear that is designed to protect
the wearer from physical, chemical, biological, or other hazards that may be present in the
workplace.
  6- Safety helmet
 Eye protection, such as safety goggles or a face shield
 Hearing protection, such as earplugs or earmuffs
 Gloves
 Respiratory protective equipment, such as a dust mask or a respirator
2. Welding hatch covers:
 Welding helmet with appropriate filter lens
 Welding gloves
 Welding jacket
 Welding boots
 Respiratory protective equipment, such as a respirator
3. Cleaning a hold with a special solution:
 Gloves
 Safety boots
 Eye protection, such as safety goggles or a face shield
 Respiratory protective equipment, such as a dust mask or a respirator
4. Painting a funnel at the height of 2.5 meters:
 Safety harness and lanyard
 Safety helmet
 Eye protection, such as safety goggles or a face shield
 Gloves
 Respiratory protective equipment, such as a dust mask or a respirator
5. Cleaning working area inside machinery spaces:
 Safety helmet
 Eye protection, such as safety goggles or a face shield
 Gloves
 Safety boots with steel toe and slip-resistant sole
 Respiratory protective equipment, such as a dust mask or a respirator
1. 7- Physical Hazards: These include slips, trips, falls, cuts, and punctures that can
result from working with machinery, tools, and equipment.
2. Chemical Hazards: These include exposure to hazardous chemicals, such as
cleaning agents, fuels, and solvents, that can cause burns, respiratory problems,
and other health issues.
3. Biological Hazards: These include exposure to viruses, bacteria, and other
pathogens that can cause illness and disease.
4. Environmental Hazards: These include exposure to extreme temperatures,
weather conditions, and natural disasters such as storms and hurricanes.
5. Radiation Hazards: These include exposure to ionizing radiation from medical
equipment, nuclear power plants, and other sources.

Seafarers are more likely to face hazards in certain areas of the ship, such as:

1. Deck areas, where there is a risk of slips, trips, and falls.

2. Machinery spaces, where there is a risk of burns, cuts, and other physical hazards.
3. Cargo holds, where there is a risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals and
biological hazards.
4. Navigation areas, where there is a risk of collision and other accidents.
1. 8- Working with tools:
 Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety
glasses, gloves, and a hard hat.
 Use tools that are in good condition and properly maintained.
 Ensure that you are trained in the proper use of the tools before you
begin working.
 Never carry a tool by the cord or hose.
 Keep your work area clean and free of clutter.
2. Entering an enclosed space:
 Ensure that the space has been properly ventilated before entering.
 Use appropriate PPE such as a respirator, hard hat, and safety harness.
 Never enter an enclosed space alone.
 Test the air quality and make sure it is safe to enter before going inside.
 Be aware of the risks associated with the particular enclosed space you
are entering.
3. Carrying heavy objects:
 Use proper lifting techniques, such as bending at the knees and keeping
your back straight.
 Avoid lifting objects that are too heavy for you to handle alone.
 Wear appropriate footwear with slip-resistant soles.
 Use mechanical aids such as a hand truck or dolly to move heavy
objects.
 Ensure that the load is stable and secure before moving it.
1. 9-Task description: The work permit should include a detailed description of the
task or job to be performed.
2. Hazards identification: The work permit should identify all potential hazards
associated with the task, including physical, chemical, biological, and
environmental hazards.
3. Risk assessment: The work permit should include a risk assessment that evaluates
the likelihood and severity of each identified hazard.
4. Control measures: The work permit should outline the control measures that will
be put in place to minimize the risk of injury or damage. This may include the use
of personal protective equipment, safety procedures, and other safety measures.
5. Authorization: The work permit should be authorized by a person with the
appropriate level of authority, such as a supervisor or safety officer.
6. Validity: The work permit should have a specified validity period, after which it
must be renewed or re-issued.
1. 10-Wear appropriate footwear: Always wear appropriate footwear with
slip-resistant soles to help prevent slips and falls.
2. Use handrails: Use handrails when moving up and down stairs and when
walking on inclined surfaces.
3. Watch your step: Always watch your step and be aware of your
surroundings to avoid tripping hazards.
4. Keep walkways clear: Keep walkways and passageways free from
obstructions to avoid accidents.
5. Use appropriate lighting: Use appropriate lighting to ensure that you
can see where you are going and to help prevent accidents.
6. Follow designated pathways: Follow designated pathways when walking
around the ship to avoid potential hazards.
7. Pay attention to warning signs: Pay attention to warning signs and
hazard markings to ensure that you are aware of potential hazards in
the area.
8. Keep hands free: Keep your hands free when moving around the ship to
maintain your balance and to be able to grasp handrails and other
safety features.
9. Be aware of weather conditions: Be aware of weather conditions and
adjust your movements accordingly to avoid accidents
1.