Written as per the latest syllabus prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook

Production and Curriculum Research, Pune.

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Salient Features
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• In accordance with Q. 4 and Q. 5 of the New Paper Pattern
• Covers Challenging Questions across chapters
• Challenging questions provided as per level of difficulty - Level I, Level II and Level III.
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• Includes constructions with accurate measurements

• Includes Q. 5 and Q. 6 of March 2019
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Printed at: Repro Knowledgecast Ltd., Mumbai

© Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, C.D. ROM/Audio Video Cassettes or electronic, mechanical
including photocopying; recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the Publisher.

Balbharati Registration No.: 2018MH0022 P.O. No. 203145

TEID: 13820
 PREFACE

Perfect Std. X Mathematics Challenging Questions is a meticulously compiled handbook for

students of Std. X. It is in accordance to the latest guidelines furnished in the Evaluation Pattern for Std. 10th
by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production & Curriculum Research, Pune.

According to the New Paper Pattern of Std. X, students would be asked challenging questions of

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Mathematics as they would appear in Q. 4 and Q. 5 of the Board Examination. Taking cognizance of this

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change, we have meticulously crafted this book that includes exhaustive yet carefully selected challenging
questions along with solutions spanning across all the chapters of the Text Book.

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We are confident that this book will cater to the needs of students and will help them to prepare
extremely well for their SSC Board Examination.

The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures and near misses. If you think
we’ve nearly missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs, we’d love to hear from you on

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mail@targetpublications.org
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From,
Publisher
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Edition: Second
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Disclaimer
This reference book is transformative work based on ‘Mathematics; First Edition: 2018’ published by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum
Research, Pune. We the publishers are making this reference book which constitutes as fair use of textual contents which are transformed by adding and elaborating, with a
view to simplify the same to enable the students to understand, memorize and reproduce the same in examinations.

This work is purely inspired upon the course work as prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune. Every care has
been taken in the publication of this reference book by the Authors while creating the contents. The Authors and the Publishers shall not be responsible for any loss or
damages caused to any person on account of errors or omissions which might have crept in or disagreement of any third party on the point of view expressed in the reference
book.
© reserved with the Publisher for all the contents created by our Authors.
No copyright is claimed in the textual contents which are presented as part of fair dealing with a view to provide best supplementary study material for the benefit of
students.
 PAPER PATTERN

Question Marks with

Type of Questions Total Marks
No. option
(A) Solve 4 out of 4 MCQ (1 mark each) 04 04
1.
(B) Solve 4 out of 4 subquestions (1 mark each) 04 04

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(A) Solve 2 activity based subquestions out of 3
04 06
2. (2 marks each)

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(B) Solve any 4 out of 5 subquestions (2 marks each) 08 10
(A) Solve 1 activity based subquestion out of 2
03 6

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3. (3 marks each)
(B) Solve any 2 out of 4 subquestions (3 marks each) 06 12
Solve any 2 out of 3 subquestions (4 marks each)
4. 08 12
[Out of textbook]
5. Solve any 1 out of 2 subquestions (3 marks each) 03 06

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Total Marks 40 60
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The division of marks in question papers as per objectives will be as follows.
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Distribution of Marks Objectives Maths – 1 Maths – 2

Easy Questions 40% Knowledge 20% 20%

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Medium Questions 40% Understanding 30% 30%

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Difficult Questions 20% Application 40% 30%

Skill 10% 20%

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 INDEX

Textbook
Chapter Topic Name Page No.

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No.
Part - I

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1 Linear Equations in Two Variables 1

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2 Quadratic Equations 13

3 Arithmetic Progression 24

4 Financial Planning 27

5 Probability

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6 Statistics
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Part - II

1 Similarity 50
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2 Pythagoras Theorem 60

3 Circle 66
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4 Geometric Constructions 84

5 Co-ordinate Geometry 92
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6 Trigonometry 98

7 Mensuration 110
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Note: Steps of construction are provided in

Chapter 4 : Geometric constructions for the students’ understanding.
 1 Linear Equations in Two Variables

2. A boat takes 6 hours to travel 8 km

LEVEL - 1 upstream and 32 km downstream, and it

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takes 7 hours to travel 20 km upstream and
1. AB is a segment. The point P is on the 16 km downstream. Find the speed of the
perpendicular bisector of segment AB such boat in still water and the speed of the

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that length of AP exceeds length of AB by stream.
7 cm. If the perimeter of ABP is 38 cm, Solution:
find the sides of ABP. Let the speed of the boat in still water be

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Solution: x km/hr and the speed of the stream be y
km/hr.
Let line l be the perpendicular bisector of
Then the speed of the boat downstream
segment AB.
= (x + y) km
P is a point on line l such that The speed of the boat upstream = (x – y) km/hr
AP = AB + 7 cm According to the first condition,

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P lies on the perpendicular bisector of seg AB. 8 32  distance 
+ =6 ... Time = 
 PA = PB xy xy  speed 
...[Perpendicular bisector theorem] 4 16
 + =3
Let PA = PB = x cm and AB = y cm
O xy xy
...[Dividing both sides by 2]
P According to the second condition,
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20 16
+ =7
x y x y
x x 1 1
Let = a and = b.
xy xy
 4a + 16b = 3 ...(i)
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A B
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y Subtracting equation (i) from (ii),
l 20a + 16 b = 7
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4a + 16 b = 3
According to the first condition, – – –
x=y+7 ...(i) 16a =4
The perimeter of ABP = AB + PA + PB 4 1
 a = =
= (y + x + x) cm 16 4
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= (y + 2x) cm 1
Substituting a = in equation (i), we get
According to the second condition, 4
y + 2x = 38 ...(ii) 1
4 + 16b = 3
Substituting x = y + 7 in equation (ii), we get 4
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y + 2(y + 7) = 38  1 + 16b = 3
 y + 2y + 14 = 38  16b = 2
2 1
 3y = 38 – 14  b= =
16 8
 3y = 24 Resubstituting the values of a and b, we get
 y=8 1 1 1 1
= and =
Substituting y = 8 in equation (i), we get 4 x y 8 x y
x=8+7  x–y=4 ...(iii)
 x = 15 and x + y = 8 ...(iv)
The sides of ABP are AB = 8 cm and Adding equations (iii) and (iv), we get
PA = PB = 15 cm. 2x = 12
1
 INDEX

Textbook
Chapter Topic Name Page No.

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No.
Part - I

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1 Linear Equations in Two Variables 1

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2 Quadratic Equations 13

3 Arithmetic Progression 24

4 Financial Planning 27

5 Probability

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6 Statistics
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Part - II

1 Similarity 50
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2 Pythagoras Theorem 60

3 Circle 66
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4 Geometric Constructions 84

5 Co-ordinate Geometry 92
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6 Trigonometry 98

7 Mensuration 110
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Note: Steps of construction are provided in

Chapter 4 : Geometric constructions for the students’ understanding.
 

Chapter 1: Linear Equations in Two Variables

According to the second condition, Solution:
10y + x = (x + y) × 4 + 6 According to the first condition,
 x + 2y = 2 …(ii) x
5
+y
10
= 400
Multiplying equation (ii) by 4, 100 100
4x + 8y = 8 …(iii)  5x + 10y = 40000
Adding equations (i) and (iii),  x + 2y = 8000 … (i)
4x  5y = 4 According to the second condition,
4x + 8y = 8 10 5
x +y

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= 350
100 100
3y = 12  10x + 5y = 35000
 y=4 

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2x + y = 7000 ... (ii)
Substituting y = 4 in equation (ii), Multiplying (i) by 2 and subtracting (ii) from
x + 2(4) = 2 that,
 x + 8 = 2 2x + 4y = 16000

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 x=6 2x + y = 7000
 The original number is 64. () () ()
3y = 9000
6. A man starts his job with a certain monthly 9000
salary and a fixed increment every year. If  y= = 3000
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his salary will be ` 11,000 after 2 years and
Substituting y = 3000 in (i),we get
` 14,000 after 4 years of his service, what is
his starting salary and what is the annual x + 2  3000 = 8000
increment?  x + 6000 = 8000
Solution:
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
x = 2000
Total amount deposited = 2000 + 3000
Let the starting salary be ` x.
Let the annual increment be ` y. = `5000
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According to the first condition,
x + 2y = 11000 … (i) 8. The weight of a bucket is 15 kg, when it is
According to the second condition, 3 th
filled with water upto of its capacity
x + 4y = 14000 … (ii) 5
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Subtracting equation (i) from (ii), and the weight is 19 kg, if it is filled with
x + 4y = 14000 4 th
water upto of its capacity. Find the
x + 2y = 11000 5
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() () () total weight of bucket, if it is completely

0 + 2y = 3000 filled with water.
3000
Solution:
 y= Let the weight of empty bucket = x kg
2
Let the weight of water filled to full capacity
 y = 1500 of bucket = y kg
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Substituting y = 1500 in (i), we get According to the first condition,

x + 2(1500) = 11000 3
 x = 11000  3000 x+ y = 15 … (i)
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 x = 8000 According to the second condition,
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 The starting salary of the man was ` 8000 4

and the yearly increment was ` 1500. x+ y = 19 … (ii)
5
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
7. A person deposits ` x in savings bank 3
account at the rate of 5% per annum and x+ y = 15
5
` y in fixed deposit at 10% per annum. At 4
the end of first year he gets ` 400 as total x + y = 19
5
interest. He deposit ` y in savings bank
() () ()
account and ` x in fixed deposit he would
get ` 350 as total interest. Find the total 3 4
y  y = 4
amount he deposited. 5 5

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 

Std. X: Mathematics (Part - I)

y  x + y = 180 ...(i)
 = 4
5 The sum of the adjacent angles of a 
 y = 20 ...  
 rhombus is 180° 
Substituting the value of y in (i), we get
3 According to the given condition,
x+  20 = 15
5 y = 2x + 30
 x + 12 = 15  2x  y = 30 ...(ii)
 x=3

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 Weight of empty bucket is 3 kg and weight of Adding equations (i) and (ii),
water filled to its total capacity is 20 kg. x + y = 180
 Total weight is 23 kg. 2x  y = 30

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9. One person pays ₹ 405 as bus fare for three 3x = 150
adults from place A to place B and one  x = 50

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adult from place A to place C. Another Substituting x = 50 in equation (i), we get
person pays ₹ 620 as bus fare for two adults
50 + y = 180
from place A to place B and three adults
from place A to place C. Find the bus fare  y = 130
for places A and B and between places  The measures of each angle of the rhombus
A and C. are 50, 130, 50 and 130.

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Solution:
Let the bus fare for one adult between
places A and B be ₹ x and that between 11. Out of 555 km, Vishal travelled certain
places A and C be ₹ y. distance by bus and remaining distance by
According to the first condition
3x + y = 405
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...(i)
car. Bus travels with an average speed of
60 km/hr and the average speed of car is
According to the second condition, 75 km/hr. He takes total 8 hours to
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2x + 3y = 620 ...(ii) complete the journey. Find the distance that
Multiplying equation (i) by 3, we get
Vishal travelled by bus.
9x + 3y = 1215 ...(iii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from (iii), Solution:
9x + 3y = 1215 Vishal travelled certain distance by bus and
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2x + 3y = 620 remaining distance by car.

   Let Vishal travel for x hours by bus at the
7x = 595 speed of 60 km/hr and y hours by car at the
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 x = 85 speed of 75 km/hr.
Substituting x = 85 in equation (ii), we get Distance = Speed  Time
2 × 85 + 3y = 620  Distance travelled by bus = 60  x = 60x
 170 + 3y = 620 Distance travelled by car = 75  y = 75y
 y = 150 According to the first condition, be travels a
 The bus fare between places A and B is ₹85 total of 555 km.
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and that between places A and C is ₹150.  60x + 75y = 555 …(i)
According to the second condition, he travels
10. An obtuse angle of a rhombus is greater for a total of 8 hours.
than twice the acute angle by 30. Find the
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x+y=8 …(ii)
measure of each angle. Multiplying equation (ii) by 75,
Solution: 75x + 75y = 600 …(iii)
Let the measure of the acute angle of the Subtracting equation (iii) from (i),
rhombus be x and the measure of obtuse 60x + 75y = 555
angle be y. 75x + 75y = 600
D C –  
15x = 45
 x=3
x y Distance travelled by bus = 60x = 60  3
A B = 180 km
44
 

Chapter 1: Linear Equations in Two Variables

LEVEL - 2 According to the second condition

4 4 1
+ = …(ii)
x y 3
12. Mahesh says to Madhulika that if you give
me ` 50, the ratio of the amount with me Multiplying equation (i) by 2 and subtracting
and that left with you will be 17 : 19 and if from equation (ii), we get
you give me ` 150, then ratio will be 4 14 1
+ =
reversed. But Madhulika gives him some x y 2
money and the ratio becomes 3 : 2. How 4 4 1

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much money does Madhulika give to + =
x y 3
Mahesh?
Solution: – – –

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Let the amount with Mahesh be ` x and that 10 1
=
with Madhulika be ` y. y 6
x  50 17  y = 60
Then, =

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y  50 19 Substituting y = 60 in equation (ii), we get,
 19(x + 50) = 17 (y – 50) 4 4 1
+ =
 19x + 950 = 17y – 850 x 60 3
4 1 1
 19x – 17y = –850 – 950  + =
x 15 3
 19x – 17y = –1800 ...(i)
4 1 1 4

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x  150 19  = – =
Also, = x 3 15 15
y  150 17
 x = 15
 17x – 19y = –5400 ...(ii)
 1 man takes 15 days and 1 child takes 60
x = 800
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Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get days to complete the work.

and y = 1000
14. If the average speed of a train is increased
Let the amount given by Madhulika to Mahesh
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by 10 km/hr , the time taken to travel a
be ` a. certain distance is reduced by 36 minutes. If
800  a 3 the average speed is reduced by
Then, =
1000  a 2 15 km/hr, the train takes 1hr and 12 mins
 1600 + 2a = 3000 – 3a more to travel the same distance. Calculate
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 a = 280 the average speed of the train.

 Madhulika gave ` 280 to Mahesh. Solution:
Let the average speed of the train be x km/hr.
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Let the time taken to travel certain distance be

13. 2 men and 7 children complete a certain
‘y’ hrs.
piece of work in 4 days and 4 men and
We know that, speed × time = distance
4 children complete the same in only 3 days.
Find the number of days required to According to the first condition.
complete the same work by 1 man or 1  36 
(x + 10)  y   = xy
 60 
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child.
Solution:  3
 (x + 10)  y   = xy
Let 1 man take x days and 1 child take y days  5 
to complete the work. 3x
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1  xy  + 10y  6 = xy
Then, work done by 1 men in 1 day = 5
x
3 x
1  + 10y = 6
and work done by 1 child in 1 day = 5
y
 –3x + 50y = 30
Work done by 2 men and 7 children in  3x  50y = 30 ...(i)
1 According to the second condition,
1 day =
4  12 
According to the first condition, (x  15)  y  1  = xy
 60 
2 7 1
+ = …(i)  72 
x y 4  (x  15)  y   = xy
 60 

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 

Std. X: Mathematics (Part - I)

 6 8 years ago, Indranil’s father’s age was
 (x  15)  y   = xy
  5 (x – 8) years and Indranil’s age was
6 (y – 8) years.
 xy + x  15y  18 = xy According to the first condition,
5
 6x  75y = 90 x – 8 = 5(y –8)
 2x  25y = 30 ...(ii)  x – 8 = 5y – 40
Multiplying equation (ii) by 2, we get  x – 5y = –32 …(i)
4x  50y = 60 After 16 years, Indranil’s father’s age will be

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Subtracting equation (i) from (ii), we get (x + 16) years and Indranil’s age will be
x = 90 (y + 16) years.

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 Average speed of train = 90 km/hr According to the second condition,
x + 16 = 2(y + 16)
15. Sharad bought a table and a fan together  x + 16 = 2y + 32
for ` 5000. After some time, he sold the 

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x – 2y = 16 …(ii)
table at the gain of 25% and the fan at a Subtracting equation (ii) from (i), we get
gain of 20%. Thus he gained 23% on the x – 5y = –32
whole. Find the cost of the fan. x – 2y = 16
Solution:
– + –
Let the cost of fan be x and the cost of table be y.

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According to the first condition, –3y = –48
x + y = 5000 ... (i) 48
According to the second condition,  y= = 16
3
 20   25  23
 x  + y
 100  
=
100  100
 (x + y)
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x – 32 = 16
20 x 25 y 23  x = 16 + 32 = 48
 + = (x + y)
100 100 100

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The present ages of Indranil’s father and
 20x + 25y = 23(x + y) Indranil are 48 years and 16 years
 20x + 25y = 23x + 23y respectively.
 20x  23x + 25y  23y = 0
 3x + 2y = 0 17. A train goes from Mumbai to Delhi at a
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 2y = 3x uniform speed. If the speed of the train is

3x increased by 46 km/hr, the time to reach
 y=
2 1
Delhi is reduced by 2 hours. If the speed is
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3x 2
Substituting y = in equation (i), we get reduced by 46 km/hr, it takes 5 hours more
2
3 to reach Delhi. Find the speed of the train
x+ x = 5000 and the distance between Mumbai and
2
Delhi.
2 x  3x
 = 5000 Solution:
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2
Let the speed of the train be x km/hr and it
 5x = 10000
takes y hours to reach Delhi.
10000
 x= Then the distance between Mumbai and Delhi
5 is xy km.
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 x = 2000 According to the first condition,

 The cost of the fan is `2000.
 5
(x + 46)  y   = xy
16. Eight years ago, Indranil’s father’s age was  2
five times Indranil’s age at that time. After 5
16 years the age of father will be two times  xy – x + 46 y – 115 = xy
2
the age of Indranil at that time. Find their
present ages.
5
 – x + 46y – 115 = 0
Solution: 2
Let the present ages of Indranil’s father and  5x – 92y = –230
Indranil be x years and y years respectively. …(i)[Multiplying both sides by –2]
66
 

Chapter 1: Linear Equations in Two Variables

According to the second condition, Subtracting equation (ii) from (i), we get
(x – 46) (y + 5) = xy x + y = 35
 xy + 5x – 46y – 230 = xy x – 4y = –15
 5x – 46y = 230 …(ii) – + +
Subtracting equation (ii) from (i), we get 5y = 50
5x – 92y = –230  y = 10
5x – 46y = 230 Substituting y = 10 in equation (i), we get
– + – x + 10 = 35
 x = 35 – 10

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–46y = –460
 x = 25 years
 460
 y= = 10  Present ages of Tushar and Manisha are 10
 46

Substituting y = 10 in equation (ii), we get
5x – 460 = 230
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years and 25 years respectively.
19. The co-ordinates of the point of intersection
of lines ax + by = 9 and bx + ay = 5 is (3, –1).

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 5x = 690 Find the values of a and b. [Mar 2019]
690 Solution:
 x= = 138 Since, (3, 1) is the point of intersection of the
5
lines ax + by = 9 and bx + ay = 5
xy = 138 × 10 = 1380  the point (x, y) = (3, 1) satisfies the two
 The speed of the train is 138 km/hr and the equations.

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distance between Mumbai and Delhi is ax + by = 9 … (i)
and bx + ay = 5 … (ii)
1380 km.
 Putting x = 3 and y = 1 in the above
18.
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Construct a word problem on simultaneous
equations, we get
3a  b = 9 … (iii)
linear equations in two variables so that the
and 3b  a = 5 … (iv)
value of one of the variables will be 10
Multiplying equation (iv) by 3, we get
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(persons, rupees, metres, years etc) and
3a + 9b = 15 … (v)
solve it.
Adding equations (iii) and (iv), we get
Word Problem:
Sum of present ages of Manisha and Tushar is 3a  b = 9
35 years. 5 years ago, Manisha’s age was 4 3a + 9b = 15
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times the age of Tushar. Find their present ages. 8b = 24

Solution: 24
Let the present ages of Manisha and Tushar be  b=
8
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x years and y years respectively.  b=3

According to first condition, Putting b = 3 in equation (iii), we get
x + y = 35 …(i) 3a – 3 = 9
5 years ago,  3a = 9 + 3
Manisha’s age = (x – 5) years  3a = 12
Tushar’s age = (y – 5) years
 a=4
M

According to the second condition,

 a = 4 and b = 3
(x – 5) = 4(y – 5)
 x – 5 = 4y – 20
 x – 4y = –15 …(ii)
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20. Draw the graph of x + y = 6 which intersects the X-axis and the Y-axis at A and B respectively. Find
the length of seg AB. Also, find the area of Δ AOB where point O is the origin.
Solution:
The given simultaneous equation is
x+y=6
 y=6–x
x 6 2 3 0
y 0 4 3 6
(x, y) (6, 0) (2, 4) (3, 3) (0, 6)

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 

Std. X: Mathematics (Part - I)

Scale: On both axes

Y 1 cm = 1 unit

7
B(0, 6)
6

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5

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4 (2, 4)
(3, 3)
3

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2

1
A(6, 0)

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X X
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
O
Y
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In Δ AOB,
AB2 = OB2 + OA2 …[Pythagoras theorem]
= 62 + 62 = 2 × 36
 AB = 6 2 units …[Taking square root of both sides]
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1
A(Δ AOB) = × base × height
2
1
= × l(OA)  l(OB)
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2
1
= × 6 × 6 = 18 sq. units
2
 length of seg AB is 6 2 units and area of Δ AOB is 18 sq.units.
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21. Draw the graphs representing the equations 2x = y + 2 and 4x + 3y = 24 on the same graph paper. Find
the area of the triangle formed by these lines and the X-axis.
Solution:
2x = y + 2 4x + 3y = 24
SA

24  4 x
 y = 2x  2  y=
3

x 0 1 2 4 x 0 3 6 1.5
y 2 0 2 6 y 8 4 0 6
(x , y) (0, 8) (3, 4) (6, 0) (1.5, 6)
(x , y) (0, 2) (1, 0) (2, 2) (4,6)

88
 

Chapter 1: Linear Equations in Two Variables

Scale: On both axes

Y 1 cm = 1 unit

8 (0, 8)

T
6 (1.5, 6) (4, 6)

N
4 B(3, 4)

TE
3

2 (2, 2)

1
A(1, 0) E(3, 0) C (6, 0)

N
X X
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
–1
O –2 (0, 2)
C
–3

Y
E

From the graph, we get ABC, where BE is the height of the triangle and AC is the base.
Now, l(AC) = 5 cm and l(BE) = 4 cm
1
PL

  base  height
Area of triangle =
2
1 1
 Area of ABC =  l(AC)  l(BE) =  5  4 = 2  5= 10 cm2
2 2

= 100x + 10x + 10 y + 10 + y
LEVEL - 3
M

= 110x + 11y + 10
No. obtained by reversing the digits
22. There is a certain number consisting of = 100y + 10(x + y + 1) + x
3 digits which is equal to 17 times the sum = 100y + 10x + 10y + 10 + x
SA

of its digits, and if 198 is added to the = 110y + 11x + 10

number the digits will be reversed. Also, the
sum of extreme digits is less that the middle
digit by unity. Find the original number.
Solution:
Let the digit in hundred’s place be x and
the digit in unit’s place be y.
Then the middle digit i.e., the digit in the ten’s
place = (x + y + 1)
 The original number
= 100x + 10(x + y + 1) + y
According to the first condition,
110x + 11y + 10 = 17 (x + x + y + 1 + y)
 110x + 11y + 10 = 17 (2x + 2y + 1)
 110x + 11y + 10 = 34x + 34y + 17
 110x + 11y – 34x – 34y = 17 – 10
 76x – 23y = 7 ...(i)
According to the second condition,
110x + 11y + 10 + 198 = 110y + 11x + 10
 110x + 11y + 208 = 110y + 11x + 10

9
 

Std. X: Mathematics (Part - I)

 110x + 11y – 110y – 11x = 10 – 208 5
 The circumference of new forewheel = xm
 99x – 99y = –198 4
 x – y = –2 ...(ii) Similarly, the circumference of new forewheel
Multiplying equation (ii) by 23 and 6
= y.
subtracting from equation (i), we get 5
23x – 23y = –46 According to the second condition,
76x – 23y = 7 120 120
– =4
– + – 5 6
x y

T
–53x = –53 4 5
53 120  4 120  5
 x = =1  – =4
53 5x 6y

N
Substituting x = 1 in equation (ii), we get 96 100
 – =4
1 – y = –2 x y
 –y=–2–1 24 25


TE
– =1
 y=3 x y
 110x + 11y + 10 ...(ii)[Dividing both sides by 4]
= 110  1 + 11  3 + 10 Multiplying equation (i) by 24 and subtracting
= 110 + 33 + 10 from equation (ii) we get,
= 153 24 24 6
– =
 x y 5

N
The original number is 153.
24 25
23. The forewheel of a carriage makes 6 – =1
x y
revolutions more than the rearwheel in – + –
going 120 m. If the diameter of the
1
O 1
=
1
forewheel be increased by its present
4 y 5
diameter and diameter of the rearwheel be 
C
y=5
increased by one fifth of its present Substituting y = 5 in equation (ii), we get
diameter, then the forewheel makes 4 24 25
revolutions more than the rearwheel in – =1
x 5
going the same distance [120m]. Find the 24
 –5=1
E

circumference of each wheel of the carriage.

x
Solution: 24
Let the circumference of the forewheel be x m  =6
x
PL

and that of rearwheel be y m.

 6x = 24
For a wheel,
 x=4
distance covered
the number of revolutions =  The circumference of the forewheel and
circumference
rearwheel are 4m and 5m respectively.
According to the first condition,
120 120 24. The following determinants are obtained
M

– =6
x y from the simultaneous equations in variable
1 1 1 x and y.
 – =
x y 20 24 a 5 24 5 1
Dx = , Dy = ,D=
SA

...(i)[Dividing both sides by 120] 16 1 b 16 3 1

Now, the diameter of the forewheel is The solutions for the equations are x = 5
1
th
and y = 1.
increased by of its present diameter. So, Find the values of a and b. Also,
4
5 form the original simultaneous equations
the diameter of the new forewheel will be having this solution.
4
times the diameter of previous wheel. Solution:
Consequently, the circumference of new 24 a
Dx =
5 16 1
forewheel will be times the circumference
4 = 24 × (1)  a × 16
of the previous one. = 24  16a
10
 

Chapter 1: Linear Equations in Two Variables

5 24 25. When the son will be as old as his father
Dy = today, the sum of their ages then will be
b 16
126. When the father was as old as his son is
= 5 × 16  24 × b today, the sum of their ages then was 38.
= 80  24b Find their present ages.
5 1 Solution:
D=
3 1 Let the present age of the father be x years and
= 5 × (1) 1 × 3 = 5  3 = 8 that of his son be y years.

T
Dx After (x  y) years, son’s age will be x years.
x= i.e. he will be as old as his father.
D
24  16a
After (x  y) years, father’s age will be

N
 5= x + (x  y) years.
8
According to the first condition,
 40 = 24  16a
x + x + (x  y) = 126
 16a = 24 + 40

TE
i.e. 3x  y = 126 … (i)
16
 a= =1 (x  y) years ago father’s age was y years. i.e.
16
the father was as old as his son today.
Dy
y= (x  y) years ago, son’s age was
D
y  (x  y) = (2y  x)years
80  24b
 1 = According to the second condition,

N
8
y + 2y  x = 38
 8 = 80  24b
i.e. x + 3y = 38 … (ii)
 24b = 72
Multiplying equation (ii) by 3,
 b=
72
24
=3
O 3x + 9y = 114 … (iii)
Adding equations (iii) and (i), we get
Substituting the values of a and b in Dx and Dy.
3x + 9y = 114
C
24 1 5 24 5 1
Dx = ; Dy = ;D= 3x  y = 126
16 1 3 16 3 1
Comparing these determinants with 8y = 240
c1 b1 a c a b  y = 30
Dx = , Dy = 1 1 , D = 1 1 ,
E

c2 b2 a 2 c2 a 2 b2 Substituting y = 30 in equation (i),

we get 3x  30 = 126
a1 = 5 , b1 = 1 , c1 = 24 and  3x = 156
PL

a2 = 3 , b2 = 1 , c2 = 16  x = 52
 5x + y = 24; 3x  y = 16  The present age of the father and son are
 a = 1, b = 3 and the original simultaneous 52 years and 30 years respectively.
equations are 5x + y = 24 and 3x  y = 16.
M

26. A travels a distance of 24 km with a speed of 4km/hr. B start 1 hour late than A and he covers the
same distance in 4 hours. Draw the graphs of their journey and find when and where B will meet A.
Solution:
Speed of A = 4km/hr
SA

24
Speed of B = = 6 km/hr.
4
Let A and B meet after x hours at a distance of y km.
Then y = 4x + 4 …(i)
y = 6x …(ii)
y = 4x + 4 y = 6x
x 0 1 –1 x 0 1 2
y 4 8 0 y 0 6 12
(x , y) (0, 4) (1, 8) (–1, 0) (x , y) (0, 0) (1, 6) (2, 12)

11
 

Std. X: Mathematics (Part - I)

Y Scale: On both axes

(2, 12) 1 cm = 1 unit
12

11

10

T
9
(1, 8)
8

N
7

TE
6 (1, 6)

(0, 4) 4

N
3

2
O 1
(–1, 0) (0, 0)
C
X X
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
–1
Y
E

The point of intersection is (2, 12).

 A and B will meet 2 hrs after B starts his journey.
B will meet A at a distance of 12 km from the starting point.
PL

27. The cost of 1 chair and 1 table is ` 2000. 11210  100

 Ax + 5y =
The cost of 5 chairs and some tables is 95
` 16200. If the number of tables and chairs  Ax + 5y = 11800 ...(iii)
are interchanged and 5% discount is Adding equations (ii) and (iii), we get
M

allowed, I have to pay ` 11210. Find the (5 + A)x + (A + 5)y = 28000

number of tables initially I proposed to  (5 + A) (x + y) = 28000
purchase. Find the total cost of 7 chairs and  (5 + A) (2000) = 2800 ...[From (i)]
6 tables. 28000

SA

Solution: 5+A= = 14
2000
Let the cost of a chair be ` x and that of a table  A = 14 – 5 = 9
be ` y.  The number of tables is 9.
According to the first condition, Substituting A = 9 in equation (ii), we get
x + y = 2000 …(i) 5x + 9y = 16200 ...(iv)
Let he propose to purchase A tables. Solving equations (i) and (iv), we get
x = 450 and y = 1550
Then, 5x + Ay = 16200 …(ii)
 total cost of 7 chairs and 6 tables
According to the second condition, = 7 × 450 + 6 × 1550
95 = 3150 + 9300
(Ax + 5y) = 11210
100 = ` 12450

12