Unitor Welding Handbook 16th Edition Id 807003 062022

2022
The Welding Handbook

16th Edition
Maritime
Welding Handbook
Welding and
Related Processes
Onboard
16th edition
Product no. 807003
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Notice:
welder and adequate safety measures should always be adhered to. The information and guidelines in this Welding Handbook are based
on general information and knowledge at hand and are believed to be accurate and reliable, but the information and guidelines are not to
by anybody using the information and guidelines in this Welding Handbook.

INTRODUCTION
required is a good command of modern welding techniques.
and would like to thank the many who have taken the effort to contribute with
Unitor’s business activity
maritime deliveries from
Acetylene as fuel gas for

the guiding light beams
from numerous lighthouses
beaten coast of Norway.
The focus changed towards gas and arc welding techniques when these were
that is suitable for onboard welding, backed by a worldwide service network,

training and documentation.
1
UNITOR WELDING HANDBOOK
1 SAFETY IN WELDING 1.01 Introduction 1.01

1.02 How to use the handbook 10 1.02
1.03 Welding instructions and training 11 1.03
13 1.04
21 1.05
1.06 Welding fumes 23 1.06
1.07 Safety check list 1.07
2 SOLUTIONS 2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
61 2.05
2.06 Stainless steels 2.06
2.07 Cast iron 77 2.07
103 2.08
111 2.09
2.10 Evaluation of welds 113 2.10
3 CONSUMABLES 3.01 Coated Electrodes 3.01
3.02
3.03 Wires for Wire Welding 3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
4 ARC WELDING AND CUTTING 316 4.01
PROCESS & EQUIPMENT 366 4.02
386 4.03
4.04
5 GAS WELDING AND CUTTING 5.01
PROCESS & EQUIPMENT
5.02
6 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION 6.00
7 CHECKLISTS 7.00
2
1 SAFETY IN WELDING 8
1.01 Introduction 9 2.06.06 Clad Steel 70
1.02 How to use the handbook 10 71
1.03 Welding instructions and training 11 2.06.08 Storing and handling of 73
12 Stainless Steel onboard
1.04 Personal protection 13
for Stainless Steel
17 76
2.07 Cast iron 77
1.05 Work site protection 21 2.07.01 Introduction 77
21 78
21 2.07.03 White cast iron
22
1.06 Welding fumes 23 80
1.06.01 Welding fumes 23 2.07.06 High alloy cast iron 81
1.06.02 Fume extraction 26 82
1.07 Safety check list 29 83
86
30
31
31 2.08 Copper and copper alloys 103
2.08.01 Introduction 103
2 SOLUTIONS 34 103
2.01 Introduction 35 2.08.03 Aluminium brass (Yorcalbro)
2.01.01 Quick reference for cutting 36
2.01.02 Quick reference for joining 37 106
2.01.03 Quick reference for rebuilding, 2.09 Aluminium 111
hardfacing and coating 2.10 Evaluation of welds 113
113
2.02 Filler material consumption 44 117
2.03 Metal identification 47 2.10.03 Crack detection 122
2.04 Unalloyed / low alloyed steel 52
3 CONSUMABLES 124
3.01 Coated Electrodes 125
127
133
2.05 Problem steels 61

2.06 Stainless steels 64
2.06.01 Introduction
2.06.02 Austenitic Stainless Steel
2.06.03 Ferritic Stainless Steel 67
68 High Recovery Electrode
3
187
Electrode for Aluminum
Electrode for Chamfering
Electrode for Air Carbon
3.02 TIG welding rods and fluxes 196

3.02.01 Introduction
Hydrogen Electrode for
161 201
Electrode for High 203
163 207
211
3.03 Wires for Wire Welding 214
Electrode for Weathering Steel 3.03.01 Introduction
167 216
Electrode for 3.03.03 Storage and handling 218
for Flux Cored wires
Electrode for Heat Resistant 221

Overlays 223
171 3.03.07 Coreshield 8 Selfshield
Electrode for Joining & 227
Wear Resistant Overlays
173 231
Electrode for Stainless Steel 233
Electrode for Stainless Steel 237

177 3.04 Gas Welding Rods & Fluxes 240
181
Nickel Iron Electrode for Cast Iron 3.05 Brazing Rods & Fluxes 248
183
Nickel Electrode for Cast Iron
4
261 Cable Connection Assembly

263
connectors & return
267
268
270
271
272 welding & gouging
273 362
3.06 Cold Repair Compounds 274 4.02 TIG Welding 366
368
277
278 371
373
280 376
3.06.07 Product overview 281 378
283
287 380
383
4.03 Wire Welding 386

3.06.13 Aquagrade Rebuild 387
302 388
3.06.17 Rubbergrade 6 Rebuild 308

3.06.18 Rubbergrade 6 Remould 311
4 ARC WELDING AND CUTTING PROCESS 315

& EQUIPMENT
4.01 Electrode welding & gouging 316
317
320
321
323 4.04 Plasma Cutting 424
328
331
333
5
5.02 Gas supplies and gas distribution system 499

shooting
5 GAS WELDING AND CUTTING PROCESS 445
& EQUIPMENT
5.01 Ac/Ox cutting, welding, brazing 447
for handling and use
for Acetylene and Oxygen
6 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION 524

6.01 International system of units
for Acetylene and Oxygen

of fractions of an inch
2
6.07 Common gauge series for sheet

thickness and wire
in sea water
6.12 Pressure variations related to
& heating torch 6.13 Abbreviations and welding

terminology
7 CHECKLISTS 546
Welding & Heating

of steel 7.02 Unitor Welding Inverter
7.03 Unitor Plasma Cutter
for gas welding
techniques
6
7
SAFETY IN WELDING
Introduction
1.01
How to use the handbook 10
Welding instructions and training 11
13
21
Welding fumes 23
Safety check list
8
SAFETY IN WELDING
Introduction
1.01 Welding and related thermal
concentrated heat source which melts

or burns away steel and other metals.
observed when welding and related
to avoid accidents related to the gas
heat, fumes, and visible and invisible

rays from the heat source.
Authorities in most countries have materials, and some guidelines as to

laid down regulations and guidelines identifying metals.
related to welding and other hot work
This handbook, however, cannot be
for each of these areas, dealing in
These regulations must be available various items.

onboard, and be known and adhered
to when hot work is to be done. Additional information
from authorities and others and by

societies and other authorities have
consequently issued regulations and Unitor welding courses will deal in
detail not only with the technique
required for a successful weld, but
be known and followed wherever
welding onboard.
SAFETY DEPENDS ON YOU
– Rules and regulations relating to the handling and installation
– Rules and regulations relating to hot work onboard.
9
SAFETY IN WELDING
How to use the Handbook

Read this first
1.02
advice given here whenever you weld. If you know little about welding and your
the other hand, you have a basic understanding of welding, read the book from the
When facing a problem
joining, rebuilding and coating, as well as information on how to identify metals,
Use the consumables correctly
The process
going to use.
Power and gas supply
The remaining questions

Reading through the handbook you will come across terminology and
10
SAFETY IN WELDING
Welding instruction and training
around the world. These academies offer tailor made solutions for maintenance and
1.03
numerous kinds of metals onboard, can be very challenging. These are all elements
the crew must take into consideration in order to work effectively. The Wilhelmsen
• Stick electrode welding

• Steel
• Stainless Steel
• Plasma cutting • Cast iron

• Cast steel
• Aluminium
Unitor Welding Centre – Piraeus, Greece International Maritime Training Centre – Mumbai, India
Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific – People Soft Inc. – Antipolo, the Philippines
Mariveles, Bataan, Philippines
11
SAFETY IN WELDING
Welding Safety Inspection (WSI)

Product No. 190-770077
1.03
Safety Standards and Best Practices Reference
Questionnaires for Oil Tankers, Combination Carriers, Shuttle Tankers, Chemical
This is how our WSI service works:
1. One of our trained 2. PSE will create a 3.

Port Service
Engineers (PSE) goes
on board to conduct with your Account to you, along with key
Welding Safety Inspection Global Port List

Middle East
AMB & India Europe Americas Asia & Oceania
Fujairah Rotterdam
Portsmouth Jakarta
Wilhelmshaven Hong Kong
Hamburg Piraeus Shanghai

Port Canaveral
New York Kobe
Algeciras Yokohama
Kaohsiung
Rio de Janeiro
check for availability.
12
SAFETY IN WELDING
Personal protection
Protection against electric shocks
1.04
burns to heart failure.
Protection against burns
electrodes etc.
Protection against ultraviolet and infrared light
Protection against chemicals
considered harmless. Nevertheless we always recommend that one does the
Protection against flying chips
damage to the eyes.
General body protection

A welder at work is isolated from his surroundings. He must concentrate on the
He must therefore always wear a safety helmet, safety shoes etc. which will offer him
welder in all situations.
Work site protection
13
SAFETY IN WELDING
Arc welding face shields and glasses
welding slag in the eye.
1.04
which is unaffected by heat, cold or moisture, and both glasses and shields conform
to relevant EN standards.
The Autodark 820 FreshAir Complete
to the user’s facial.

The fan battery recharges in 3 hours and will
The Autodark 820
The Autodark 300 Welding Shield

The basis is a lightweight well designed shield
• Angle in relation to face

The Autodark 300 • Height on head
Welding Shield • Head diameter
The Flip-Vision Welding face shield
14
SAFETY IN WELDING
as standard with the shield. The glasses have

dimension 60 x 110 mm.
1.04
Safety helmet with face shield
with safety helmet instead of headband.
Face Shield with handle
Face shield
Face shields
Description Product no.
196 779034
196 779032
196 709485
196 619114
196 619098
Spares and accessories for Autodark 300

196 779057
196 779061
196 779059
Sweatband H1 196 779060
Spares and accessories for Autodark 820

196 779040 196 779046
196 779041 196 779047
196 779043 196 779048
196 779044 196 779049
196 779056 196 779055
196 779045
15
SAFETY IN WELDING
Glasses for Arc Welding

The glasses have dimension 60 x 110 mm and are Items to be mounted into Unitor face
shield in the following manner:
glass of correct shade should be ordered in addition
1.04
shade glasses. A. Safety glass (Polycarbonate)
B. Filter shade glass
rays from the welding arc, and reduces
should be selected after consulting the
The glasses are marked Protane Shade SO
C. Protection glass
Guide to arc welding glasses

Amperage Filter Quantity Product
Shade in Unit number
unit
< 20 A 196-633230
196-633248
10 196-633255
11 196-633263
12 196-633271
13 196-633289
196-633222
196-633214
16
SAFETY IN WELDING
Safety spectacles clear for eye

protection
with integrated side guards. The
1.04 length and angle is adjustable. For

use during daily maintenance work in
Product Pcs. Product no.
1 176-632943
– Clear
Safety spectacles Shade 5 for

brazing and welding
Same modern lightweight design and
features as the Clear version. Fitted
welding and cutting work. Not for use

when doing arc welding.
1 176-632950
Welding and grinding goggles
comfortable surfaces against the face.

The ventilation slots are designed to
fogging of the glasses.

1 176-175273
Safety grinding goggles

Half mask goggle of clear soft
grinding only.
Safety grinding 1 176-653410
goggles non mist
17
SAFETY IN WELDING
Glasses for gas welding and cutting

Items to be mounted into Unitor face
shield in the following manner:
1.04
A. Protection glass
B. Filter shade glass
A. Protection glass
Guide to gas welding glasses

Application Filter Pcs/ Product
Shade set number
Glass
3 10 176-633305
10 176-633313
& Cutting –
6 10 176-633321
7 10 176-633354
& Cutting –
Thick material
Protection 10 176-633297
18
SAFETY IN WELDING
C
1.04
Welder’s protective clothing Protective clothing

Pos. Product Pcs/set Product no.
are heat and wear resistant. They A Welders gloves for electric 196-632786
arc welding
197-632794
Working gloves 196-633057
where movement is restricted. It is
C 196-510438
jacket is worn when welding
C 196-510446
Extra large for welding
196-633016
E 196-184184
F 196-510420
shock. When dry the leather acts
as an electric insulator. Therefore 196-510453
Heat resistant mitten 176-233148
when doing arc welding. H 196-175935
19
SAFETY IN WELDING
Electric arc welding gloves
gloves with long gauntlets are

necessary. These must be of leather.
1.04
recommended for welding with
coated electrodes.
TIG and Gas welding gloves
softskin gloves are available for
than the thicker welding gloves when

touching hot metal.
EN 388 3232
Heat resistant mitten
outer layer, and further insulation

against heat in the inner layers. It is
an acetylene cylinder valve even
is also suitable for handling hot work
Working gloves
20
SAFETY IN WELDING
Work site protection

Welding Curtain
ultraviolet and infrared light from the

1.05 welding arc, but still enables one to see
extinguishing material, but is not heat
has 7 holes and the curtain comes
to join two or more curtains together

Welding curtain 1 196-633065
Welding spatter blanket
combustible materials and delicate
welding and cutting. Available in a roll

1m x 10m. Nom. Thickness 0,82mm.
Standard A2

1 196-646067
blanket
21
SAFETY IN WELDING
Fire extinguisher
Technical Properties
This device was designed using highly
1.05
be ideally suited to the requirements of the

maritime environment.
its category.
Efficiency
extinguisher ensures that it is effective
sometimes not recommended for use with

Instructions for use
Extinction Mechanism
embers, by cooling and forming a layer of
from heat radiation.
Easy to use
incorrect use are greatly reduced.
22
SAFETY IN WELDING
Welding fumes
Welding fumes consist of a mixture
including risk assessment and risk
controls should be taken to mitigate or
welding.
or materials surface treated with
2. The base material.
1.06
different metals, means that the fumes Inhalation of these fumes can result
given off may contain numerous
effects. It should be avoided by the use
of a good extraction unit, or the use of
use of a fume extraction unit. When a face shield with fresh air connection.
contaminating the area for others.

inhalation of this substance.
extraction unit, the welder can When welding or cutting old steel
coating may contain lead or mercury.

rises some distance from his nose Fumes from these substances can result
and mouth or by using a welding face in serious health damage if inhaled.
board use a self contained unit with
Electric arc welding with coated taken against dangerous fumes before
welding commences.
divided into fume classes 1 to 7, which
See the Coated Electrodes section on

fume classes.
items. Inhaling these substances can
Risks
The International Agency for Research
substances containing chrome,

cadmium, nickel lead or mercury, it is
23
SAFETY IN WELDING
essential that a smoke extractor unit is
face shield with fresh air connection.
may contain several toxic substances.

1.06
the nitrous gases (NO2
on several conditions. The use of
concentrations. No warning is given Avoid direct inhalation of welding fumes.
the form of irritation of the muceous

membrane in eyes, nose or throat.
the welder must not leave the torch

alight when he is not actually using it.
Carbon monoxide may be given off due
or if the material being welded or cut
or oily. High concentrations, which

constitute a health risk, can be formed Use fume extraction.
Inhalation of large quantities of carbon

monoxide can lead to suffocation.
more usual risks connected with
books on the subject, and welding

smoke is also undergoing continuous
research. The result of this research
factors to light and all those involved
may, as yet, be unknown.
24
SAFETY IN WELDING
Welding fumes
All Unitor Electrodes are issued a fume Class number. These are the
1.06
For outdoor welding see Fume Class 3.
that is a theoretical value to describe the amount of fresh air needed to dilute
Fresh air needed to dilute the fumes
Fume Class
1 0 – <3000
–
2 3000 –
3 –
–
– < 60000
6 60000 – < 100000
7 >100000
25
SAFETY IN WELDING
FumeClean 230 welding fume extractor

inhaling welding fumes that might have harmful
used anywhere a welder can work.
Four-stage filtration system
1.06
2
which has a total area of 12m . The large area of the
Active carbon filter
required.
Two powerful motors

The two motors guarantee an adequate extraction
reduced maintenance.
Automatic start
used and the unit will automatically switch on when
26
SAFETY IN WELDING
Technical Data
Number of motors 2
2x1kW
Dimensions
Noise level
High vacuum suction 22 000 Pa
1.06
12 m2
IP class
Net weight 16 kg
Ordering information
Description Product no.
Optionals
Hose Connection Outlet Side

Active Carbon Filter
Spare parts
27
WELDING HANDBOOK NOTES
1.06
28
SAFETY IN WELDING
Safety check list for welding

and related processes
should include, without being limited to
Equipment
functions correctly, is correctly

connected to mains, and that you are
1.07
Ensure that gas cylinders are
functioning regulators for the gas.

well maintained. Acetylene and oxygen regulators
arrestors. Protect cylinders against

heat and mechanical damage.
and a heat resistant mitten shall be

available.
Hoses shall be in good condition,
without leaks or damage, and with
correct colour coding for the gas.
(Red for acetylene, blue for oxygen,
air). Use correct hose connectors
twisted wire must never be used.

Never use oil or grease in connection
with welding gases and never use
Never use defective welding cables.

with undamaged insulation and
Use safety cable connectors
disconnected.
29
SAFETY IN WELDING
Check that torches and electrode

holders are in good working order.
Check all gas connectors for leaks,
including torch valves. Even Argon
original gaskets only.
1.07
damage e.g. in doorways, hatches, etc.
cables should be stretched to the
should be fastened with good

electrical contact directly on the
Work place
for hot work.
fumes when heated.
30
SAFETY IN WELDING
1.07
Hot work procedure

Ensure that all relevant check lists,
have been issued.
the same manner as the welder should
If work has been done inside a
safety cable connector may act as
Operator / assistant protection
not wear clothes of highly combustible materials or wet clothes, and do not carry
combustible material, e.g. matches, lighters, oily rags.
Welding gloves should always be used, and when necessary also use additional
are unbroken and have the correct shade.
31
SAFETY IN WELDING
1.07
• Working overall
retardant material). Preferably without • Safety boots with steel toes.
Avoid synthetic materials, including • Welders gloves
• Safety boots with steel toes.
head band Where necessary use a fresh air unit or breathing

• Welders gloves
Never use acetylene or oxygen to blow away dust
When work is paused or completed

Always remove coated electrodes from the electrode
source (welding machine, cylinder valve, gas outlet)

also during short breaks for meals etc.
remains. Only when this has been assured should

• Working overall
• Safety boots with steel toes
Available wall chart:
Safety checklist for
welding and related
32
ADDITIONAL WELDING LITERATURE AVAILABLE:
1.07
Cylinder safety Protect your crew & The solutions guide The solutions guide
vessel from flashbacks Unitor maintenance and Unitor cold polymer repair
repair welding
Welding consumables Safety checklist for Gas distribution system

selector welding and related
thermal processes
Quick coupling system Gas welding and cutting solution
33
SOLUTIONS
Introduction
• Quick reference for cutting 36
• Quick reference for joining 37
• Quick reference for rebuilding, hardfacing and coating
2.01
Problem steels 61
Stainless Steel
• Austenitic Stainless Steel
• Ferritic Stainless Steel 67
68
• Clad Steel 70
71
• Storing and handling of Stainless Steel onboard 73
Cast iron 77
103
• Aluminium brass (Yorc albro)
106
Aluminium 111
Evaluation of welds 113
113
117
• Crack detection 122
34
SOLUTIONS
Introduction
material, but also on the electric
material which should be used.

All solutions are linked to one of the right one for the job. The overview
symbols below which relates the
2.01 SYMBOL FILLER MATERIAL PROCESS
Solid Wire
Flux Cored Wire Flux Cored Arc Welding
Coated Electrodes (Stick Electrodes)
Plasma Cutting
35
SOLUTIONS
Quick reference for cutting

PROCESS AC/OX MMA ACA Plasma
ALLOY
Mild steel A1 C A2
Low alloy/ cast A1 C A2

steels
High alloy/ C A0
stainless steels 2.01
Cast iron C A0
Copper with C A0
alloys
Aluminium with C A0
alloys
Consumable Cutting gouging ACA electrode Torch electrode

parts
Comments
36
SOLUTIONS
Quick reference for joining

outside corners in sheet metal
suggest some solutions for joining constructions.
How to use the table:
advantages and limitations, and
further information will be found in this
one metal to another are found on the

You should also note that with the
metal through the diagram, as shown
for stainless steel below. The corner
2.01 material thickness is small and the will always show the alternatives for
joint is suited for it, e.g. welding joining the metal to itself.
Cunifer Unalloyed/
Stainless “Problem”
METAL Nickel Bronze Yorcalbro Brass Copper Cast Iron Lowalloyed/
Steels Steels
Alloys Cast Steels
Unalloyed/ Icuni (W) Ialbro (W) Ialbro (W) Ialbro (W) Ialbro (W) Nife (E) Nickel 23/14 (E) Tensile (E) LH (E) LHV (E)
Lowalloyed/ Tinbro (E) Icuni (W) Icuni (W) Icuni (W) Icuni (W) (E) Tinbro (E) Tensile (E) Impact (E) LHT (E) LHL (E)
Cast Steels *) **) Tinbro (E) Tinbro (E) Tinbro (E) Tinbro (E) Albronze (E) Impact (E) *) *) **) *) **) ***)
Albronze (E) Albronze (E) Albronze (E) *) **) *) **)
*) **) *) **) *) **)
“Problem” Icuni (W) Ialbro (W) Ialbro (W) Ialbro (W) Ialbro (W) Tensile (E) Tensile (E) Tensile (E)
Steels Tinbro (E) Icuni (W) Icuni (W) Icuni (W) Icuni (W) Nickel (E) Impact (E) *) Impact (E) *)
*) **) Tinbro (E) Tinbro (E) Tinbro (E) Tinbro (E) *) **)
Albronze (E) Albronze (E) Albronze (E) *) **)
*) **) *) **) *) **)
Stainless Icuni (W) AG-60 AG-60 AG-60 AG-60 Tensile (E) 18/8Mo
Steels Tinbro (E) AG-45 AG-45 AG-45 AG-45 23/14 (E) (W) 23/14
23/14 (E) *) 18/8 (E) (E) 18/8
*) (E) Duplex
(E) Iduplex
(W) *)
Cast Iron Nickel (E) Tinbro (E) Tinbro (E) Tinbro (E) Tinbro (E) Nife (E) Nickel
Tinbro (E) Albronze (E) Albronze (E) Albronze (E) Albronze (E) (E) Tinbro (E)
Albronze (E) *) **) *) **) *) **) *) **) Albronze (E)
*) **) *) **) ****)
Copper Icuni (W) *) Ialbro (W) Ialbro (W) Icuni (W) Icuni (W)
Icuni (W) Icuni (W) Tinbro (E) Tinbro (E)
Tinbro (E) Tinbro (E) *) **) Albronze (E)
Albronze (E) Albronze (E) *) **)
*) **) *) **)
Brass Icuni (W) Ialbro (W) Icuni (W) Ialbro (W)

Tinbro (E) *) Tinbro (W) Tinbro (E) Tinbro (E)
Albronze (E) *) **) Albronze (E) Example, joining stainless steel to:
*) **) *) **)
box 1
Yorcalbro Icuni (W) Ialbro (W) Ialbro (W) *) box 2
Tinbro (E) Icuni (W)
*) **) Tinbro (E) Yorcalbro box 3
Albronze (E)
*) **)
Bronze Icuni (W) Ialbro (W)

Tinbro (E) Tinbro (E) Cast iron box 6
*) **) Albronze (E)
*) **) Stainless steel box 7
“Problem” steels box 8
Cunifer Nickel Icuni (W) *)
Alloys
Full scale table overleaf
37
Quick reference for joining
Cunifer Nickel Unalloyed/
Bronze Stainless “Problem”
METAL Alloys Yorcalbro Brass Copper Cast Iron Lowalloyed/
Steels Steels Cast Steels
Unalloyed/ Icuni (W) Tinbro Ialbro (W) Icuni Ialbro (W) Icuni Ialbro (W) Icuni Ialbro (W) Icuni Nife (E) Nickel 23/14 (E) Tensile Tensile (E) LH (E) LHV (E)
Lowalloyed/ (E) *) **) (W) Tinbro (E) (W) Tinbro (E) (W) Tinbro (E) (W) Tinbro (E) (E) Tinbro (E) (E) Impact (E) *) Impact (E) *) **) LHT (E) LHL (E)
Cast Steels Albronze (E) Albronze (E) Albronze (E) *) **) Albronze (E) *) **) ***)
*) **) *) **) *) **) *) **)
SOLUTIONS
“Problem” Icuni (W) Tinbro Ialbro (W) Icuni Ialbro (W) Icuni Ialbro (W) Icuni Ialbro (W) Icuni Tensile (E) Nickel Tensile (E) Tensile (E)
Steels (E) *) **) (W) Tinbro (E) (W) Tinbro (E) (W) Tinbro (E) (W) Tinbro (E) (E) *) **) Impact (E) *) Impact (E) *)
Albronze (E) Albronze (E) Albronze (E) *) **)
*) **) *) **) *) **)
Stainless Icuni (W) Tinbro AG-60 AG-60 AG-60 AG-60 Tensile (E) 23/14 18/8Mo (W)
Steels (E) 23/14 (E) *) AG-45 AG-45 AG-45 AG-45 (E) 18/8 (E) 23/14 (E) 18/8
*) (E) Duplex (E)
Iduplex (W) *)
Cast Iron Nickel (E) Tinbro Tinbro (E) Tinbro (E) Tinbro (E) Tinbro (E) Nife (E) Nickel
(E) Albronze (E) Albronze (E) Albronze (E) Albronze (E) Albronze (E) (E) Tinbro (E)
*) **) *) **) *) **) *) **) *) **) Albronze (E) *)
**) ****)
Copper Icuni (W) *) Ialbro (W) Icuni Ialbro (W) Icuni Icuni (W) Tinbro Icuni (W) Tinbro
(W) Tinbro (E) (W) Tinbro (E) (E) *) **) (E) Albronze (E)
Albronze (E) Albronze (E) *) **)
*) **) *) **)
Brass Icuni (W) Tinbro Ialbro (W) Tinbro Icuni (W) Tinbro Ialbro (W) Tinbro
(E) *) (W) Albronze (E) (E) *) **) (E) Albronze (E)
*) **) *) **)
Yorcalbro Icuni (W) Tinbro Ialbro (W) Icuni Ialbro (W) *)

(E) *) **) (W) Tinbro (E)
Albronze (E)
*) **)
Bronze Icuni (W) Tinbro Ialbro (W) Tinbro
(E) *) **) (E) Albronze (E)
*) **)
Cunifer Icuni (W) *) Aluminium

Nickel
Alloys welding:
38
2.01
2.01
39
SOLUTIONS
Quick reference for rebuilding, hardfacing and coating

further information will be found under
Examples of applications
Wearmax (E) Wearmax (E)

Tensile (E) Tensile (E)
2.01
Cargo grab teeth
Tensile (E)
Rebuilding valve seats

overlay on tools on exhaust valves
Tensile (E)
Rebuilding edges Rebuilding gear teeth Rebuilding valve

closing surfaces
40
SOLUTIONS
Quick reference for rebuilding, hardfacing and coating

Property Rebuilding
Rebuilding with Rebuilding with
with improved
approx. base improved corrosion
Base wear resistance
material resistance
material properties
Unalloyed/ Wearmax (E) Wearmax (E)

low alloyed Tensile (E)
cast steels Tensile (E)
2.01
“Problem” Tensile (E) Wearmax (E)
steels (E)
Cast iron Nife (E) Nife (E) Nickel (E)

Nickel (E) Tinbro (E)
Stainless Tensile (E) W

steels E
Copper Icuni (W) Icuni (W)

Tinbro (E) Tinbro (E)
Brass Ialbro (W) Ialbro (W)

Yorcalbro Ialbro (W) Icuni (W)
Bronze Ialbro (W) Ialbro (W)

Cunifer Icuni (W) Nickel (E)
Aluminium Alumag (W)

Alumin (E)
41
SOLUTIONS
Quick reference for Cold repairs
1. Where there is a need for emergency repairs.
2. Where hot work like welding is not permitted due to fire / explosion hazard.
2.01
3. Where the base material is not weldable.

Certain casted metal alloys are not weldable due to their chemistry. Sometimes
4. Where distortion of base material is unacceptable.
5. Where there is restricted space.
6. Where specific properties are required.
7. Where you need non-metal repairs.
42
2.01
43
SOLUTIONS
Filler material consumption Fillet Weld
also given.
– For steel welding wires and rods
a measure Section Deposit Deposit
size volume weight
per m. per m.
a s a W
mm mm2 cm3/m kg/m
2 6
0.07
3 0.10
16 21 0.16
2.02
6 36 0.33
7
– For coated electrodes the required 8
number of electrodes (for steel) is 81
10 100
by the value “(number of electrodes 11 121 138 1.08
12 162 1.27
13
1.76
material section.
Outside Corner
and work routines, e.g. throwing away
Square Butt Joint
Plate Section Deposit Deposit

thickness size volume weight
per m. per m.
t V W
mm mm2 cm3/m kg/m
Plate Root Deposit Deposit 2 2 0.03
thickness opening volume weight 3 0.06
per m. per m. 8 0.08
16 0.13
t s V W 6 18 22 0.17
mm mm cm3/m kg/m 7
8 32 0.32
1 0 2 0.02
3 0.02 10
2 1 0.03 12 72 0.73
3 7 113 1.11
2 22 0.17 18 162 1.60
0.20 20 200
6 3 32 22
7 3 0.33 323 3.18
44
SOLUTIONS
Single V-joint Single V-joint
50° Flat 70° Vertical

Plate Root Deposit Deposit Plate Root Deposit Deposit
thickness opening volume weight thickness opening volume weight
per m. per m. per m. per m.
t s V W t s V W
mm mm cm3/m kg/m mm mm cm3/m kg/m
1 1 0.13
1 0.13 1
6 1 23 0.17 6 1 31
2.02 7 0.26 7 0.38
8 0.31 8
0.38 70
10 2 10 2 0.76
11 2 11 2 107
12 2 12 2
2 120 0.86 2
2 2 188
16 2 16 2 211
18 2 1.33 18 2 263 2.17
20 2 227 1.63 20 2 320 2.62
2 2
Single V-joint Single V-joint
60° Flat 80° Vertical

Plate Root Deposit Deposit Plate Root Deposit Deposit
thickness opening volume weight thickness opening volume weight
per m. per m. per m. per m.
t s V W t s V W
mm mm cm3/m kg/m mm mm cm3/m kg/m
1 13 0.10 1 18
1 20 1 26 0.22
6 1 27 0.20 6 1 36 0.30
7 0.30 7
8 0.37 8 66
61 82
10 2 78 10 2 0.86
11 2 0.66 11 2 1.02
12 2 107 0.77 12 2 1.23
2 1.02 2 1.60
2 160 2 1.81
16 2 180 1.23 16 2 2.02
18 2 223 1.60 18 2 308
20 2 271 20 2 376 3.11
2 2
45
2.02
46
SOLUTIONS
Metal identification
Test Appearance Appearance of Appearance Comparative Other tests for

of untreated surface after of fracture weight of identification,
metal surface filling surface and metal see following
relative pages for
Metal toughness description
Grey cast iron Heavy Chiselling test.

rusty. rather smooth. uneven
Rough granular granular
surface. surface.
Rather brittle.
2.03 White cast iron As above Normally too Heavy None
grained, silvery
Shiny white crystalline
surface.
Unalloyed Shiny grey, Heavy

steel. wrought rusty, can very smooth
iron, low-alloy be smooth surface. Some tough to test. Chisel test
steel, carbon or rough, alloys are very brittle,
steel
Stainless Shiny Heavy

steels grey. Smooth grey surface.
surface. Some From tough to
brittle.
Copper Shiny Not necessary Heavy None
to green surface.
(verdigris).
Brass and From Not necessary Heavy None

bronze
brown or Yellow, smooth
surface.
Aluminium Not necessary Acid test

and aluminium and smooth
alloys surface.
Lead and white White to grey, White, very Not necessary None
metal smooth velvety smooth shiny
surface. surface.
47
SOLUTIONS
Filing test
Restance to file Type of steel Brinell hardness

100
the metal. alloyed steel
200
be increased.
300
not bite into the metal and the
High resistance. The metal can be
Tool steel 2.03

marks, but the metal is almost as
Spark test
Chisel test
Unalloyed
steel the end into several small
Manganese
steel in stars.
High speed Unalloyed steel (Cast steel).

steel forked ends.
when chiselled.
Stainless
steel
Cast iron
Monel Cast iron.

extinguished.
material chiselled away is in the form of
brittle fragments.
48
SOLUTIONS
Magnet test Aluminium/magnesium test

1. Clean a small area of the metal.
caustic soda (NaOH) solution.
water.
Non-magnetic Flame test

2.03
This indicates an Austenitic
stainless steel.
with magnesium (seawater resistant
must not be welded.
Magnetic
Indicates a Ferritic normal steel.
good weldability.
49
METAL IDENTIFICATION
SPARK TEST
Cuts easily Hard Oxy cuts Won’t oxy cut
Cst irons, Chromium

SOLUTIONS
and Stainless Steel carbon steels steels, High alloy tool

and die steels, Nickel
Oxy cuts Won’t cut
alloys
Work hardened Work hardened Aust.
Oxy cuts Won’t oxy cut stainless or hard ferrite
stainless
Aust. manganese Aust. stainless
steel steel
Red to yellow White

SPARK TEST
High carb. Files soft Files hard

bright red colour steel stee. high tensile
Heavy White cast iron,
dulls to brown boiling lead under oxy Ability to harden, common usage, will
oxide. Usage Aluminium & alloys
fume. Colour variation Stainless Nickel stainless steel,
checks. assists with usage check. High alloy tool &
die steels
common Aluminium
usage. Soft silvery
burns brightly drosses
& fracture.
Nickel Stainless (Ferritic)
iron
Fractured surface
rough
smoothly & brittle
50
2.03
2.03
51
SOLUTIONS: Unalloyed/low alloyed steel
Introduction
steel, weather steel, and tool steel.
alloy of Ferrum (Fe), better known as
iron, and carbon (C). Iron is the main
deck beams and bulkheads. A common
C Si
also termed mild steel, carbon steel 0.18 1.30
and carbon manganese steel.
AI P S
elements).
0.02 0.03
– High alloy steel (containing more then
Alloy elements are metals such as be used for welding low alloy steel.
2.04
Carbon is not an alloy element.

If there is doubt as to whether steel to
be welded is unalloyed or low alloy,
Unalloyed steel
Often referred to as carbon steel, mild always be used. They should always
be used for welding the following
unalloyed steel will usually be found in
usually in unalloyed steel. A common

subject to sudden loads.
– Parts which are subject to heavy
Fe C
etc.)
Rest 0.18 0.60
(winches, cranes, etc.).
Si S P
0.30 0.03 0.03 differentiate between cast steel

and cast iron, see the section on
Heat resistant steel

Heat resistant steel is a low alloy steel,
Low alloy steel
chromium (Cr). The addition of these

referred to as high tensile steel), heat
characteristics and the steel retains its
52
Low temperature steel
nickel is today used more and more in
Fe C Si
0.10 0.30
Cr S P
1.00 0.03 0.03

Weathering steel
For welding of heat resistant steel,
the correct electrode for the job will
2.04
electrode for welding.
Unitor range.
Standard construction steel

A.S.T.M.
S.A.E. Wekstoff
A.I.S.I. EN W.-Nr DIN BS 970 UNI JIS
1018
1018 C16
1018 C16.8
1018
1.0726
1.0727
1.0736 En1A
1.0718
1.0737
1.7218 708A30
8620
8620
53
Corresponding steel classifications
American Nippon
Norske Germanischer Bureau Bureau of USSR Kaigi
Veritas Lloyds Lloyd Veritas Shipping Register Kyoka
A A A A A A A
SS
AH32 A32 AH32 AH32 A32
EH32 E32 EH32 EH32 E32 2.04
A36 AH36 AH36 A36
EH36 E36 EH36 EH36 E36
54
2.04
55
Mechanical properties typical values
Yield stress Tensile Elognation ISO EN
R cH strength A5 Impact 630-80 ASTM JIS
minimum Rm minimum Temperature energy L (J) 4950/2/3 EN 10025-93
Grade (MPa) (MPa) (%) (°C) t 50 (mm) 1981 EN 10113-93 A 131 G 3106
– A
0 27 Fe360C
22
27
27 – E –
0 – –
22 27 – –
– – –
0 – – AH32
22 31 – –
– – EH32 –
0 AH36
21
EH36 –
0
20 –
–
0
18
Description Solution Examples
Joining of smaller
(diameter less than
30 mm) where a
used.
Small diameter steel
160 mm) with a wall
2.04
with a wall thickness

more than 3 mm
edges on the joint.
steel constructions
like air ducts and air
channels.
56
Welding of thin
constructions as for
2.04
Fabrication of
like shelves, ladders

and gangways in
unalloyed steel.
and brackets,
and tack welding
constructions before
full welding.
jobs like welding

of unalloyed steel
bulkheads and deck
57
in the downhand
steel constructions.
building steel used in

the hull, beams, deck,
bulkheads, stiffeners, 2.04
tanks, holds, hatch
covers, frames etc.
Steel that takes

vibration, strain
and sudden loads.
Seawater, steam and
low alloyed steel.
auxiliaries welded to
Welding on cranes
58
tubes of heat
resistant chromium
molybdeniujm alloyed
steel.
Welding subject to
2.04 lugs, etc.).
Weathering steel
59
2.04
60
SOLUTIONS: Problem Steels
Problem Steels (difficult to weld steels)

Among the low alloy steels, there
Unitor Tensile-328N
steel, tool steel, etc. All these steel
cases the steel has been hardened by

annealing, and welding can destroy
the hardening.
be welded with matching ferritic

consumables with the aid of
treatment to avoid hydrogen cracking

Cracks in bearing housings.
2.05
heat treatment.
So, in this case, welding with
consumables is considered to be
one of the best methods. The risk of
cracking is reduced by the higher restoring worn edges.
solubility of hydrogen and the greater
ductility of the weld metal.
alloy steel on the market today that
Unitor Tensile having a tensile strength

2
. This electrode may be
considered.
61
SOLUTIONS: Problem Steels
steel subject to vibration and

loads (engine foundations etc.).
2.05
Shafts, rebuilding damaged and

keyways.
maintenance. Frame fractures.
may also be a solution.
62
2.05
63
SOLUTIONS: Stainless Steel
Introduction
Stainless steel belongs to the high alloy Carbon increases strength, but in
connection with stainless steel and
Chromium (Cr) is the element that makes chromium carbide formation (chrome
stainless steel stainless or corrosion
resistant. The chromium combines
with oxygen and creates an invisible combine with oxygen to create chrome
oxide. This reduces the corrosion
on the surface. It must contain at least resistance in local areas leading to
intergranular corrosion. The carbon
which an effective layer is formed that content in stainless steel materials and
seals the surface against any further
very low level.
amounts of chromium for further treatment, or a combination, the

stainless steel receives one of the
increase resistance to oxidation at high following micro structures when
increases corrosion resistance slightly

2.06
The American Iron and Steel Institute
(AISI) established a numbering system
to classify the stainless steel alloys. The
metallurgical structures. This system is

resistance to certain corrosive media. useful because the structures (Austenitic,
Stainless steel alloy with molybdenum is ferritic or martensitic) indicates the
therefore referred to as acid resistant.
The following are some characteristic differences between

stainless steel and normal steel:
or crack formation along or through the crystals (stress corrosion).
64
Austenitic Stainless Steel

The highest tonnage of weldable
Austenitic stainless steel has the
austenitic grades. These are the highest corrosion resistance of all
chromium nickel steel of the AISI 200
and 300 series in which chromium chemical carriers are selected from
is the most commonly used.

AISI May be welded with
Type Composition % * (E) Electrode
Carbon Chromium Nickel Other (W) Wire Welding
C Cr Ni (T) Tig
301 16,0 – 18,0 2,0–3,0Si
302 8,0 – 10,0 –
8,0 – 10,0 2,0–3,0Si
303 8,0 – 10,0
303 Se 8,0 – 10,0
(W)
0,08 18,0 – 20,0 –
0,03 18,0 – 20,0 8,0 – 12,0 –
0,12 10,0 – 13,0 –
2.06
308 0,08 10,0 – 12,0 –
0,20 –
0,08 –
(W)
310
310 S 0,08
23,0 – 26,0
316 0,08 16,0 – 18,0
0,03 16,0 – 18,0

(W)
316 N 0,08 16,0 – 18,0
317 0,08 18,0 – 20,0

0,03 18,0 – 20,0
321 0,08
0,10 3,0 – 6,0
330 0,08 17,0 – 20,0
0,08
(W)
0,03 10,0
0,08
max 0,20 Co)
65
Austenitic stainless steel has the

following characteristics:
• Cannot be hardened by heat treatment,

but can be hardened by working.
• Can easily be welded
resistance), 317 (for best corrosion

Avoid welding mild steel to stainless steel.
resistance).
S 31000, S 31600, S 31700.
Some limitations:
Austenitic stainless steel has some
2.06
Crossed weld joints are undesirable. In
• They are suitable only for low general welds must not be located too
concentrations of reducing acid. close to one another.
• In crevices and shielded areas,

there might not be enough oxygen to
are available in these situations).
Flange ring made by hammering back
must be avoided.
Flange ring welded on gives less
66
Ferritic Stainless Steel They are magnetic in all conditions.
requiring resistance to corrosion and
hardening by heat treatment. rather than high strength.
May be
welded with:
AISI (E) Electrode
Type Composition % * (W) Wire Welding
Carbon Chromium Manganese
C Cr Ni Other
0.08 1.0 0.1–0.3AI
0.08
0.12 1.0 1.0 Si
0.12 1.0 –
2.06 0.12
0.12
0.12 16.0 – 18.0 1.0
0.12 16.0 – 18.0 1.0
0.07 1.0
(W)
0.20 18.0 – 23.0 1.0
1.0
0.20 23.0 – 27.0
0.06
0.01 28.0 – 30.0 0.3
0.01 28 – 30.0 0.3
Ferritic stainless steel has the following characteristics:
• Cannot be hardened by heat treatment.

• Poor weldability.
67
Martensitic Stainless Steel

conditions. They are not as corrosion
resistant as the austenitic and ferritic
of being heat treated to a wide range
of hardness and strength levels. to resist abrasion in stream and gas
Chromium content is lower and carbon
These grades are magnetic in all
May be
welded with:
AISI (E) Electrode
Type Composition % * (W) Wire Welding
Carbon Chromium
C Cr Other
2.06
–
11,0 – 13,0
(W)
0,20
16,0 – 18,0
16,0 – 18,0
16,0 – 18,0
Martensitic stainless steel, has the following characteristics:
• Can be hardened by heat treatment.

• Poor welding characteristics.
68
Duplex Stainless Steel (Austenitic – Ferritic)
can be reduced considerably in

corrosion resistant alternative to the
300 series austenitic stainless steel.
the high ferrite levels by increasing
ladder material.
2.06 May be welded

Composition (%)
with
Cr Ni N Cu Other PREN Product forms
Avesta Creusot 23 – 0,1 – –

Ind. Sandvik 23 – 0,12 – –
23 – 0,1 – –
Electrode
Avesta 22 3 0,16 –
Ind. Fabr. de 22 3 0,17 – –
Falc 223
22 3 – –
Sandvik NK Cr22 manufacturer
Sumitomo TEW
Duplex Stainless steel has the following characteristics:

• High resistance to stress corrosion cracking.
• Increased resistance to chloride ion attack.
• Have higher tensile and yield strength than austenitic or ferritic stainless steel.
69
Clad steel
steel or sandwich steel. Clad steel
2. When the steel backing is one layer

short of the stainless steel cladding, an
alloy steel. The cladding metal may be
a stainless steel alloy, nickel or nickel must be used.
Stainless steel
of the backing steel and with corrosion
resistance, abrasion resistance of the
clad face.
Alloy cladding
• Nickel
Welding
2.06
• Inconel Alloy Cladding (AISI) (E) Electrode
(W) Wire Welding
Cladding
steel
316
Clad steel with a stainless cladding is 317
found on board some chemical tankers. It
is followed.
70
Stainless steel corrosion types

A very thin layer of chromium oxide
which is formed on the surface of the then have a decreased corrosion
resistance.
damaged by mechanical or chemical

action.
elements like Nb or Ti.
in an aggressive environment, the
material will corrode.
Pitting corrosion
and the choice of stainless steel is
based on the requirements from the
actual environment.
General corrosion
is highly destructive, resulting in holes
in the metal.
2.06 This kind of attack is most commonly
found in stainless steel in chloride
containing environments.
This is a corrosion attack that
entire surface. It occurs almost

exclusively in acidic or strongly contents. Also N has a favourable
alkaline solutions. The resistance
against general corrosion is mainly The Pitting Resistance Equivalent,
PRE, is a way of describing the relative
Intergranular corrosion
(CPT).
to the grain boundaries is called

intergranular corrosion. Some
stainless steels can be made sensitive
to intergranular corrosion by elevated
grain boundaries resulting in
71
Crevice corrosion
The resistance of the austenitic
increased Ni content. The ferritic Cr

steels totally without Ni are under
normal conditions unsensitive for SCC
austenitic.
Crevice corrosion is a kind of corrosion
with a liquid and where the oxygen level
joints and under bolt and rivet heads.
corrosion have also good resistance to

crevice corrosion.
2.06
Stress corrosion cracking, SCC
Corrosion attacks on a metal subjected
a corrosive environment are called

stress corrosion cracking (SCC).
metal or alloy can remain virtually

unattacked on most of its surface,
For austenitic stainless steels the risk
containing chlorides or other halogens.

The risk increases with increasing salt
concentration, tensile stress and also
72
Storing and handling of stainless steel onboard

• Stainless steel must be stored
that can trigger corrosion.
away from grit blasting and grinding.
Stainless steel wire brush
surfaces.
2.06 • Cover tank bottom so that
not get in direct contact with the

stainless surface.
• Slag, electrode ends and coating to
be removed after welding.
Stainless steel martensitic
• Using ordinary unalloyed steel
and iron oxides triggering rusting.

Use only tools made out of stainless
steel.
Special tools for welding of

stainless steel
• Stainless steel wire brush. 2 rows.
stainless steel.
discoloration after welding. 2 litre.

Pickling gel for stainless steel
73
Grinding/cutting consumables for stainless steel

Generally:
When working on stainless steels, one the metal structure and damage the
with iron. tools enable better control of heat

Iron on the steel surface, will act as
Never switch a grinding disc between
Stainless steels are normally softer than
with iron.
(e.g. grinding consumables).

The corrosion resistance in stainless
steels is created by oxide layers from one
chrome)
This oxide layer can be drastically
corrosion
2.06
resistance at its best, the aim must be to
Smooth surface. Provides better corrosion

grinding on steels. This may change resistance
74
INOX, disc with soft grit bonding for cutting and grinding on soft metals.
Contains no iron and the aluminium oxide grit used contains very small amounts
of bonded iron.
INOX depressed wheels SS

Aluminium oxide
Resin, soft
stainless steels, aluminium,
Size Cutting wheels Grinding wheels

Packs of 25 pcs Packs of 10 pcs
633603
2.06
633611
Mop discs
Contains no iron.
Mop discs for SS
Resin
Size Mop discs packs of 10 pcs

#60 #80
633723 633731
75
Unitor Safety Grinder
area inside a metal tank, there is a high risk of electric shock, so low voltage hand tools
should be used.
SafetyGrinder
Conversion cable
Side handle standard 2.06
Unit Product no.
633523
Cutting disc 633515
633699
76
SOLUTIONS: Cast Iron
Introduction
vibrations and ready machinability.
be understood, and the techniques for

joining it together followed.
cast iron is brittle and has very little
elongation when subjected to strain.
subjected to local heating and cooling,

as is the case when welding. Thus the
why. from those of steel.
However, many grades of cast iron

can indeed be welded successfully. making it easier to melt and allowing
Cast iron is essentially an alloy of it to run freely into a mold to assume
ferrum (iron), carbon and silicon. The
wide uses as for instant engine

in excess of the amount that can be blocks, heads, liners, water jackets,
2.07 contained in solid solution. Although
in iron when molten, actually less than cargo lines, etc.
throughout the cast iron in the form of White
High alloy
length of time it takes to solidify and These different cast irons cannot be
Silicon tends to drive out any carbon

It is the form of the excess carbon
that determines the kind of iron that
the melt becomes. With regard to the
function of the cooling rate.
is obtained by adding quantities of
This excess carbon is the reason for alloying elements to gray, white or
ductile irons. In the following we shall
take a look at the characteristics of the
77
Grey cast iron
most commonly used of all cast metals.
in the form of gray iron.

When using casting molds of sand which gives the alloy its name.
the molten metal gets a slow rate of
cooling. This gives most of the carbon The wide range of strengths in gray
between the iron crystal borders. In
where high resistance to dynamic stress

is not a governing factor.
material near the surface will contain
will cool slower and contain fewer, but

2.07
Carbon
Silicon
Ferrum Rest.
Soft.
High machinability.
78
White cast iron Malleable cast iron

White cast iron has a similar chemistry
to gray iron, but is different in that ordinary white cast iron, very hard
and brittle. It is then annealed (heat
iron carbide (Fe3C) instead of as free
can break down the iron carbides
from 1 to 6 days, the carbon actually

moves through the solid iron to collect
inside the crystals. This results in a
martensitic structure, which is very Iron with this microstructure is called
brittle and hard. In a fracture the iron
carbide will give the surface a silvery
which it is derived. Instead of being
white cast iron. hard and brittle, it is easily machinable,
White cast irons are useful for wear manufacturing it, malleable cast iron is
resistant service but due to their
to weld and may be considered

unweldable.
2.07
Hard Will absorb mild to medium torsion

forces.
Fair to good weldability.
Iron Carbides
Etched white iron
Ferrite
aggregates
79
Ductile cast iron

Carbon
Silicon
gray iron and steel.
It meets the demands for increased
having high strength, toughness, and a

resistance to shock loading.
Ferrite
or cerium to the molten metal, the surface
tension mechanism is altered and when
malleable iron.
the casting contributes remarkable

ductility to the casting, and creates
strengths equaling many good grade 2.07
steels, yet retains the advantages of In addition magnesium not in excess
80
High alloy cast irons Ni-Resist irons

High alloy cast iron is a general In this series of cast iron alloys the
corrosion resistance of gray cast
white irons, and ductile irons. They are iron is enhanced by the addition of
considered high alloy when the alloy
and silicon.
alloys to that extent radically changes
of the castings to which they are

Carbon
added. The most common alloying
Silicon
elements are nickel, chromium and
molybdenum. In general high alloy cast
Nickel
iron is weldable.
Chromium
Meehanite
of cast ferrous materials manufactured

under rigid metallurgical control so
High resistance to corrosive acids and
Excellent weldability.
2.07
exceed that of many cast steels.
High density
Fair weldability
81
How to identify cast iron

be in the form of casting. Castings have distinguish cast iron from cast steel is to
welded joints, and most often they will the casting where a little chiseling will do
have a visible casting line where the two no harm. Cast steel when chiseled will
halves of the mold they were cast in met.
an aluminum alloy casting by their color.

However, to distinguish between cast
ferrous metals.
metal a casting is made from we have a
Shaving
Mild steel
Some streaks are shorter.

2.07
Unalloyed steel (Cast steel). Cast iron
in colour.
GREY CAST MALLEABLE
IRON CAST IRON
Small
0.6 m
at Wheel Colour at end Red Straw Straw
than grey iron,

Cast iron.
82
Preparation of the work piece

First clean off all oil, grease, rust and
crack is absolutely recommended (see
or by chemical means. Then remove
casting skin to a width of 20 mm on
both sides of the edges to be welded. When this has been established, drill
A grinding machine may be used for a 3 mm hole at a distance of 3 mm in
weld area, such as blowholes, cracks,
sound metal.
If the damage is in the form of a crack out, using either a grinding machine
or by gouging electrodes. Suitable
determine where the crack actually
ends. The use of a crack detector
2.07
Groove preparation by grinding
bevel. melting of the base material in these
83
removed from the metal and smeared

over the surface to be welded by the
be done this carbon must be removed,
in cast iron smear
the weld.
File after grinding
To avoid this, always remove a thin layer 2.07

grinding. Use a steel brush to remove
loos material.
Searing
The more carbon you can remove from
the weld area, the less chance there will along each side of
the groove.
remove excess carbon embedded in the
This gives a cleaner surface.

both sides of the welding groove. You
will know immediately when the free
carbon is removed. As the carbon
or “star”. Use a wire brush over the

surface from time to time. Regardless of what we do to remove
Searing must not be confused with
remove surface carbon. Take care not electrodes are so made that they can
when executing it. formation of iron carbide.
84
Groove preparation by electrode

gouging
for welding is to use gouging and
that used for ordinary arc welding
groove that is clean, bright and makes

an ideal base for welding. In addition
it gives the advantage that if the 2.07
the metal are saturated with oil.
bound to be), the heat generated
2.07
the chill from the metal welding will be
welds will be evident.
Consumables”.
Repairs of areas requiring drilling

and tapping
subsequently require drilling and The variance in density in the weld
Always remove enough metal initially

to. This method, of necessity, requires
increase in time and labor will be
85
Arc welding of cast iron
the correct electrode for the work. heading “Poor Welds”.
for Consumables”. Remember that cold

welding of cast iron can only be done by
electric arc welding.
Unitor NICKEL-333N
and on thin material dimensions. Use

this electrode to “butter” the sides of
oily cast iron to seal the surface. Then
Hot welding 2.07

Unitor NIFE-334N
To be used on cast iron that takes strain,
vibrations and sudden loads. Also to
be used for joining cast iron to steel,
heavy gauge material. It has greater
Electrode binding test heating can cause tension cracks.
will normally be limited to the welding

each of them without weaving.
and which can be dismantled and
Use a hammer and chisel to remove welded on board.
the beads. The bead which exhibits the
When hot welding cast iron the
indicates the most suitable electrode
86
indicator crayons or by an electronic
changes in the base material, which

may drastically reduce its strength.
welded.
Amperage setting
When cold welding cast iron a low
cooling rate. The reason why slow
of cooling is high, the carbon will have

is avoided. It should be remembered
crystal border areas. We will instead
have the carbon bound to the iron in
the form of iron carbide. This structural
state will be very similar to that of
2.07
the base material with increased risk
of cracking.
In order to avoid digging into the base
the direction of travel. This will cause

Cold welding act as a cushion.
required slow cooling rate is not

available, the alternative is “cold”
arc welding. The method is so called
the base material when correctly

executed.
On board cold arc welding is by far
the most commonly used method, and
dismantle should be cold welded. a high bead contour, the setting is too
87
To ensure good electric conductivity the
high.
Choice of polarity
with conventional cast iron electrodes.
If the current source for the welding
work. Some electrode manufacturers

make cast iron electrodes that can
Furthermore, some years ago the

general low quality of cast iron
2.07
electrodes made it necessary to use
between base material and weld
cast iron electrode is very high, and

the electrodes can be used with both
must be aware of the effects of the

is too high the electrode may become
red hot. the melting of the base material varies
In general, the welding current should selected.
vertical welding.
88
If the electrode is connected to the than the following runs. This would be
base material makes good bonding
will cause excessive melting and

digging into the material. In addition
Correct size electrode
quantities of the gassed nitrogen,

oxygen, carbon dioxide and carbon
monoxide. Excessive melting will
bring unwanted quantities of these
material the lower the quality of the

as much weld metal at only two times
cause the formation of iron carbides,
heat affected area.

If we connect the electrode to the
2.07
The welding
Remember that cast iron is very brittle,
carbides.
the shrink forces exceed the tensile
strength of the cast iron it will crack.
Hence, when welding it is crucial to
the cast iron is heavily contaminated
at a minimum to avoid cracking.
The way to achieve this is to avoid
melting to achieve bonding between
the base material and the weld (as when welding mild steel), and
instead to weld short, straight stringer
Length of arc
To reduce the voltage across the
into the base material, the shortest
be done with a somewhat longer arc
89
beads of maximum length 20–30 mm (1”)

at a time. Weaving should be avoided or Rounded edge
of the groves.
electrode diameter to each side of the

direction of the weld. When each bead
the crater and withdraw the electrode

a little backward on the bead before
breaking the arc.
must be ductile. Peening the bead

Weld contraction may cause cracks.
it to accommodate some dimensional
change in the weld area, and will
2.07
Peening offsets contraction forces.

little or no effect in relieving stresses.
not be vertical on the bead, as vibrations
Wrong Correct
you burn yourself, it is too hot to go on

with the welding. Take your time, do not
90
Sometimes more than one short

run can be done at a time, but only
when the length to be welded is
considerable, and the beads can be
Repairing crack with free end

Start welding at tied end, then
Repairing crack with tied ends
each) starting from the hole drilled

at each end of the crack. Then weld
2.07 alternatively from each end of the
Repair of separated parts

Starting from one edge, use the
Parts subject to high stresses
transverse grooves may be cut in the

sides of the welding groove, using
Cut transverse grooves in the sides. Fill
and then cover the entire surface
91
A way to reduce shrinkage stress

In order to reduce the shrinkage down its wall thickness. Remember to
shown in the sketch, advancing each

bead (starting always with the root
half the thickness of the casting’s wall.

and hammer each bead while still hot. A
this kind of hammering.
Hammering
bulge is formed.
2.07
Stacking
Steel insert technique

It is sometimes desirable to insert a
large housing or motor block. A gear
Casting
have suffered the same damage. Usually
Remove all damage material on the
92
Build up of missing section

Occasionally, it will be necessary to
been worn down or broken off. In
there should be a minimum of 6
not use a grinder for cutting stress

relieving grooves. The groves will
not be geometrically correct for the
surface.
weld metal by using a long arc and fast
2.07
not quench.
areas, such as bosses, which must be

machined after welding, it is unwise
Filling holes that penetrate clear

through the casting
the required dimension to allow for
machining. All machining will then be straight stringer beads side by side
until the hole is closed. Weld from one
which is fully machinable.
weld around the edges. Such action
will create stress cracks. Peen each
stresses. Remove slag.
93
Braze welding of cast iron General
be heated to form a bound (surface
gas welding.
occurs, is called “tinning” (also called
“wetting out” or “bonding”). Actually, it
layer in which the alloys of both the cast
and thinner dimensions. For larger
is recommended.
necessary heat will be the method
Preparation of the workpiece

melted and forms a chemical bonding
of 20 mm on each side of the edges to be
welded. If the damage is in the form of a
has the decided advantages of low heat crack in the material, it is recommended 2.07
traditionally associated with welding mm holes at each end of the crack, at a

cast iron. distance of about 3 mm from the ends to
I. The tendency for high heat to form

unwanted white cast iron, a form Groove preparation
of martensitic cast iron that is very
of iron carbide. The low heat used and that the lager the surface of a joint
from the groove, and round off edges

due to the lower heat required, and
accommodate any cooling stresses.
quality of the base material.
94
Searing
heat. Touch the rod to the surface and
material, which can inhibit “tinning”. moving the torch, which should be
over the surfaces off the groove, most, 1 cm above the groove. When the
Preheating
Remember that cast iron is one of the
metals. Thus care should be exercised
2.07 even and uniform.
Braze welding
brushing.
Alternatively, where a hardwearing
extremely easy to work with, has high surface is required, the joining can
tensile strength and the structure and
color of cast iron. Welded connections
technique as described for Castiron
237.
such as gear and gear wheel teeth. strength and machinability is lower
Use Castiron 237 in combination with than for Castiron 237.
Castiron Flux 236F. Heat the end of the
Technical details on the rods are found
in the section “Consumables”.
95
Cold repair of cast iron General

Where there are limitations to hot work,
are organic material that will start to
curing materials consisting of a base

and activator that are mixed together.
materials form a surface bonding and

it is absolutely essential that the base
materials surface be cleaned in order to
give good addition.
1) Surfaces must be cleaned and ruffed
according to instructions
together. Any unmixed material will 2.07

not solidify.
securing good bonding. Afterwards
to required height. If needed, a

reinforcement bandage can be added
strength.
96
Repair case 1.
welding cannot be done. In this kind
solution.
Clean surface to remove grease and

accumulated dirt. Remove as much of
Thoroughly abrade the edge and the

surrounding surface of the hole.
If the hole is large, a metal mesh
hard into the surface to secure good
2.07
hole so that it makes contact with the
With the mesh securely fastened
reinforcement bandage on the mesh to
The wires can be fastened to the edge

by a small tack weld or by drilling a
hole with slightly bigger diameter.
97
Repair case 2.
After welding has successfully been
oil in the cast iron structure. Instead

of risking cracking by further welding,
area. The surface must be thoroughly

degreased and abraded.
In some cases grind or drill out the
the surface and require abrading

afterwards.
2.07
larger areas are to be covered. It is very
into the surface in order to secure good

bonding and sealing.
98
Repair case 3.
conduit and ducting made of cast iron.
be tackled from the outside of the cable ties.
Thoroughly degrease the area to
abraded.
2.07
damaged area.
Thoroughly abrade the inside and
smoothed out and blending in with the
99
Repair case 4.
with good results on cast iron that
Welding will in most cases crack the
where cavitational wear gouges out the
2.07
100
and sudden loads, and where

several layers of weld metal
may be needed, e.g. cargo
often found in motor blocks,

gear boxes, cylinder heads,
2.07
cool slowly after welding, e.g.
blocks, exhaust manifolds,
broken or worn teeth.
to steel.
Rebuilding cast iron, for
cylinder heads, or exhaust

valve housings.
101
2.07
102
SOLUTIONS: Copper and Copper Alloys
Introduction
to the crystal boundaries where it

collects and weakens the strength of
the metal, in hot and cold condition.
In this way, welding will weaken the
amount of oxygen. Oxygen combines metal in a joint. The best method of
The oxide is distributed in the metal
in very small quantities and does not
affect the mechanical characteristics
of the metal. However, during welding
Straight
brasses brasses
2.08
Naval Admiralty Aluminium brass
brass brass (Yorcalbro)
Brass
brasses. Aluminium brass however
103
Aluminium brass (Yorcalbro) Some years ago, numerous welding

tests were carried out on Yorcalbro
brass) is an alloy with the following

in these tests, and the conclusions were
2
Hard (untreated) . . . . . .
2
Heat treated. . . . . . . . . .
2
Annealed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat treated . . . . . . . . . .
Annealed . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat treated . . . . . . . . . .
Annealed. . . . . . . . . . . . .
000013.
2.08
use in cooling water installations,

sanitary installations, oil coolers, heat
exchangers, heat coils etc.
maintenance is inevitable. Common

min. Finished welds, and an area
side of the bead should be annealed.
104
Bronze
and tin, which may also contain small

quantities of other alloys.
before welding.
Aluminium bronze (Cu + Al)
also suitable for casting. The main

2.08
excellent resistance to corrosion in
seawater which makes them suitable
Nickel Aluminium
Cunifer NiAl
metal
105
Nickel bronzes (Cunifer)
These alloys are corrosion resistant – cleaner waters.

the higher the nickel content, the higher In such cases the use of “Cunifer 10”
the resistance. Strength and hardness
also increase in relation to nickel
content.
CUNIFER 10 CUNIFER 30
(Copper nickel) (Cupro nickel)
(Alloy)
– Hard (untreated) 630–700

– Heat treated
– Annealed
– Hard (untreated)
– Heat treated
– Annealed
2.08
– Hard (untreated)
– Heat treated
– Annealed 87–107
0.000016
limited due to high cost. However, the

recommendation for the use of these
lakes, or on vessels which regularly
They have excellent resistance

against wear by erosion, corrosion and
abrasion. water. The same recommendation
systems.
with good resistance against water of
106
is used for butt welding or
2.08
have worn down.
housing.
wear.
107
261
Filling holes in small valve
housings where wear or
corrosion has caused
damage.
2.08
Rebuilding worn sliding
bearings.
less than 100 mm, where a
joining.
108
in Yorcalbro, like heating coil

boxes.
diameter under 100 mm,
2.08
like heat exchangers.
Conductors and cables of
109
2.08
110
SOLUTIONS: Aluminium
Metals and welding solutions:

Aluminium Included oxides will also reduce the
Pure aluminium (Al) is a soft, easily strength of the weld.
Thorough cleaning and the use of
corrosion resistance and good welding aluminium.
electrical conductivity.
Welding should be done immediately
The strength of aluminium can be after cleaning, before a new oxide
of small quantities of alloy elements.
As an alloy, aluminium retains the
good electrical and heat conductivity,
and the absence of colour change
to mild steel. Only a limited number
of aluminium alloys are considered Filler materials for Aluminium in the
resistant aluminium alloys. When
aluminium can be used for the

For gas welding of aluminium it is
(silumin).
2.09 When aluminium and its alloys come
into contact with air, a refractory skin
of oxide quickly forms on the surface.
than that of aluminium, which melts
effectively removed during the welding
111
SOLUTIONS: Aluminium
aluminium, seawater and

resistant aluminium and
cast aluminium.
2.09
and
Holes or fractures in
Plate and tube

constructions in gang way.
112
SOLUTIONS: Evaluation of welds
Typical welding faults
Unmelted Undercut
edge
Crack
Poor fusion
Embedded slag
Pores
Root fault
Root faults Bead edge defects
edge faults may also occur at

When current is excessive,
too long or if electrode movement is
2.10
to the current setting being too low, movement, the electrode should be
or the rate of travel too high. The momentarily held still at each side of
electrode may also be too large for the
groove to be welded. and avoid edge defects. Edge faults
and undercut may act as fracture
Fusion faults indicators in the welded connection.
If the current is too low or rate of
travel too high, fusion faults may Pores
Pores in the weld may be due to
moisture content in the electrode
metal.
Fusion faults may also occur if a small basic electrodes. Pores in the weld
electrode is used on a large area of may also arise if the base material
cold base material. A larger electrode
diameter should be used, and the base reasons can be because of to long an
113
Heat cracks
movement. Shrinkage
cracks will usually
the weld direction

and be caused
have a tendency to segregate and by considerable
may form a layer in the middle of the lengthwise shrinkage.
crystals. Segregated substances are the best safeguard
against shrinkage
In cases where heat cracks are caused cracks.
by these substances, switch to basic Shrinkage cracks
welding with basic electrodes, the Hydrogen cracks (Cold cracks)

material is not weldable.
Weld metal cracks are caused by
Tension across the
weld can cause heat of steel which has been hardened or
cracks even if the which may become hardened during
base material does
not segregate in the
weld. At a narrow, amount of hardened structure, normally
range, just after the higher is the risk of hydrogen cracks.

coagulation of the The most common reason for hydrogen
bead, there is very cracks is that moist
little deformation
used during welding. 2.10
Heat cracks and if shrinking in The water in the
the metal is greater than the stretch coating will change
in the weld, a heat crack will result. into hydrogen in the
which control shrinkage. dissolved in the weld

metal and the heat
A heat crack will occur in the middle of
immediately adjacent
crack on the surface.
Hydrogen cracks
(cold cracks) When combined with
Shrinkage cracks
Shrinkage cracks occur when the stress it will form cracks.
weld is less than the actual shrinkage
114
The cracks might occur long time after Tension cannot be avoided when
often referred to as cold cracks.

heat treatment can reduce tension
Other hydrogen sources are rust, considerably.
welding groove. Preheating the groove
Slag embedded in weld
reducing the amount of hydrogen.
originating from the coating of the
there is risk of cold cracking.
Note the following:

in the weld will seriously affect the
strength of the weld. Try to avoid
elements, mostly carbon, are forced to

dissolve in the weld metal and make it remove.
brittle. The following formula describes
removal. Clean off mill scale and rust

from the surfaces to be welded and
make sure you choose the correct
be used.
2.10 at normal steel thickness. For the
more highly alloyed steels and steels
with thicker dimensions, an elevated
order to reduce the cooling rate.
the hydrogen to diffuse.

To determine elevated working
are known, these standards will state

whether heating is necessary and the
115
2.10
116
Inspection of welded joints

Prior to welding
been met. This function may be the

should be examined to see if they
Visual inspection from start to finish discontinuities. Foreign matter
during and after welding. In a sense,

everyone involved in the job, as well as
A conscientious worker does not
recognises discontinuities of his own

making. Nevertheless, it is usually scale – that should be detrimental to
desirable that someone is assigned
to be joined should be checked for
magnifying glass, and sometimes

2.10 a straight edge and square for
determining straightness, alignment,
access for the welder, adequate
to minimise volume of weld metal.
before welding is started, not only to
Torch, Ruler and Welders gauge give assurance of weld quality.
117
Remember:
50% of quality is edge preparation
Faults to look for:
at the root. it will melt through
Check at regular intervals

that the consumables
used match specification
2.10
advantages and limitations, and each
containers unharmed by moisture.

To ensure uniform results the welders
and followed rigorously during welding.
to the job.
118
along the edges, increasing the risk of
by a convex bead
2.10
of consumable etc.
During welding
weld is being done. Examination of

a weld bead and the end crater may the next.
the most critical one with regard to

weld soundness.
slag inclusions.
119
After welding
in submitting an obvious bad weld to
Underwelding is a violation of
are detected visually at this stage.

The extent and continuity of the weld,
in intermittent welds can be readily

measured or recorded.
Welds must be cleaned from slag to
Overwelding is costly and serves no

other faults. Shot blasting should not
construction stiffer and heavier.
make them invisible.

2.10
this stage is not only to detect non
clues as to what may be wrong in the
welding, he can read much from what he
if the dial readings on the machine

tell otherwise. Subsequent tests will
The designer has specified a weld

acquired through visual examination size and this should be observed.
allows corrections to be made before For filled joints it is also important
that the leg lengths are equal.
methods become available.
120
Summing up inspection of welded joints

What to look for PRIOR TO WELDING: What to do DURING WELDING:
• Joint design
• Consumables
What to look for AFTER WELDING:
Faults and causes:
Surface porosity Cold cracks (Hydrogen cracks)
gas coverage.
2.10
Hot cracks Slag inclusion
Faulty technique.
Underfill Undercut
High current,
travel too fast
121
Crack Detection It is a low cost and easy to use,
surface cracks not readily visible to the

methods. For detection of internal
cleaner to clean the surface for grease
must be used, but they require
Step 1) Step 2)
soak for about ten minutes.
2.10
Step 3) Step 4)
area and wait a few minutes until the

area dries white. Any surface defects will
Dye Penetrant Inspection product

Product description Unit Product no.
Set 096-653535
122
2.10
123
CONSUMABLES
Coated Electrodes
Wires for Wire Welding
278
3.01
124
COATED ELECTRODES
Introduction 126
127
133
161
163
167
171
3.01 173
177
181
183
187
125
COATED ELECTRODES
Introduction LMA Properties

The Unitor standard electrode range
( they absorb moisture from the
• Cast steel moisture turns into hydrogen in the

• Heat resistant steel
• Weathering steel with other undesirable effects this

can turn into hydrogen cracking also
known as cold cracking in the weld. In
• Cast iron order to extend the electrodes usable
• Aluminium and aluminium alloys lifetime and safeguard against cold
cracking, the Unitor electrodes for
manufactured. This greatly reduces the

A Product Range Selected for
Maritime Use
is a basic factor for the selection of

arc welding electrodes in the Unitor
Packed for Maritime Conditions
The electrode box is made of high
Each electrode therefore covers a wide
board. the box gives all relevant information

to how the electrodes are to be used. 3.01
With the Best Welding Properties
same recycled material and does not
electrodes are necessary to achieve

good results without too stringent
demands on the welder’s skill. Welding number.
on board is often required in awkward
126
COATED ELECTRODES
Types of electrodes
What happens when the arc is struck? The arc will immediately melt some
of the coating and core wire of the
circuit.
To strike an arc the electrode must
causes a shortcircuit, and when the

electrode is withdrawn slightly, the arc in the arc.
is formed.
The actual transfer of metal from
Arc in the form of molten globules of

Electrode holder Electrode
of electrode used. Some electrodes
Welding cable
Welding that they actually shortcircuit the arc
machine for a moment.
Return cable
are avoided.
3.01
effect and the metal is drawn towards

The Arc
force is stronger than the force of
gravity, and overhead welding is
As soon as the globule leaves the

Core rod electrode, it is covered by slag material
Coating is then carried through the arc to the

Slag
The core rod in the electrode melts

faster than the coating, and the
resulting crater in the end of the
electrode aids directional stability of
the weld.
127
COATED ELECTRODES
Types of electrodes base material and the rod core in the

electrode. When molten, the coating
Electrodes for manual arc welding
(sometimes referred to as stick welding)
consist of a rod and a coating material.
As a rule, the alloy in the rod will be The coating elements form a slag when
similar to the material to be welded.
circuit, and when it is melted together coating may also contain substances
welded joint. electrode during welding. Electrode
The object of the electrode coating is diameter of the rod core.
arc. The coating material also contains Control of Recovery
we can regulate the electrodes recovery

to the alloy formed between the
The coated electrode
3.01
Coating
Rod core
128
COATED ELECTRODES
Types of electrodes
The function of the core rod is to Alloying Elements
In the arc the
The coating consisting of metals,

minerals and organic substances have the elements might
Ionisation
elements into the
Air is a non conductor. coating.
elements that
welding we create a
AIR AIR
the current can travel.
For AC welding this
function is essential
welding.
Gas Shield
Crater Formation
The shielding ingredients in the
Elements in coating
that makes the melting
boundary of the
coating to be behind
that of the core rod. Slag Formation
3.01 The arc is in this way
concentrated to one Slag forming
of the electrode
coating and they are
Metal Transfer
1) Protect crater
The transfer of and globules against
metal globules from oxygen during the
a combination of
elements in the coating
mould. The slag is the mould.
129
COATED ELECTRODES
Types of electrodes Unalloyed rutile electrodes are not

normally recommended for welding
steel with nominal tensile strength
a weld metal quality equal to or better are low because of oxygen level in
than that of the base material and, when the weld metal. Rutile electrodes are
relatively insensitive to moisture.
Acid
the choice of electrode, as different
the metallurgical character which is an
acid. The coating contains oxides of the
joint.
a high rate of welding and are equally
and slag is easily removable, even if it is
Alloyed acid electrodes are suitable

for welding steel with a nominal tensile
Organic electrodes contain large
quantities of organic substances such
as cellulose. The metal transfer is
Basic electrodes
electrodes are well suited for vertical
down welding.
heat treatment the coating has a very
Rutile electrodes contain large low hydrogen content, hence the name.
3.01
Titanium Oxide. Rutile electrodes can
remoisturing is much lower than of
normal basic electrodes.
Unalloyed basic electrodes give
advantage when welding in different

reason for this is that basic electrodes
hard surfacing because of its shallow
electrode is greater than that of other

electrodes, which can be used in
slag is easily removed.
130
COATED ELECTRODES
number of electrode changes. The extruded onto the core rod followed
normal result is therefore a higher by a thicker basic layer. In this way
transfer of rutile electrodes and
basic electrode.
quite as easy to remove as the slag
from acid or rutile electrodes, but,
easily detachable. The slag from

basic electrodes has a lower melting
electrodes. The risk of slag inclusions
therefore unusually small when basic

electrodes are used, even if the slag
The weld metal from basic electrodes

has a low hydrogen content and
usually has good toughness even at
3.01
the hardenability of the steel to be

welded, the greater the necessity to
use basic electrodes and the greater
the need for low moisture content
in the coating.
Double coated electrodes

These electrodes consist of
a thin layer of rutile coating
Core rod
Rutile coating
131
COATED ELECTRODES
Unitor LMA electrodes
LMA gives you less problem with

porosity.
electrodes from the very beginning. The
during the day is very low. The electrode
LMA will decrease the risk for HAZ

cracking. (Cold cracks/Hydrogen
cracks)
Unitor LMA electrodes:
If you weld high tensile steels or very
The risk for hydrogen cracking in the
All other properties are unchanged.
You will still get 3.01

• the same good weldability
• the same low fume formation

marked
132
COATED ELECTRODES
Storing and re-drying

used electrodes will form weld Storage and handling
Welding consumables should be
hydrogen cracking (cold cracking) if
guideline we recommend the following
vibration or load.
General background Temperatures

°C (°F) Max. Relative
humidity in %
low alloyed steels cold cracking (often
referred to as hydrogen cracking) can 60
occur. These cracks generally form
(77)
to maintain low relative humidity
• Cooling rate
• Hydrogen content of the weld metal
relative humidity can be maintained by
quantities during welding and is a
cracking.
3.01 The most common sources of
Redrying
Rutile electrodes showing signs of
damage by moisture can be redried at a
2 hours, to achieve a hydrogen level

and redrying , the moisture level in Redrying should be restricted to a
electrode coatings can be minimised, maximum of 3 cycles.
along with the associated risk of cold
cracking. To achieve extreme low hydrogen
Hydrogen levels are measured as
ml H2 recommended for 1–2 hours. Redrying
levels for different electrode coating should be restricted to 1 cycle.
133
COATED ELECTRODES
box and have become damaged by
hours. Redrying should be restricted to

Stainless steel electrodes which have a maximum of 3 cycles.
been stored outside of their electrode
Welding electrodes should be
or in a heating cabinet.
Heating
Cabinet
All basic electrodes

and stainless steel
electrodes should Rutile electrodes
normally no need for
use. Always do when 3.01
requirements.
Observe recommended
and holding times for

Unitor electrodes stated
on box label
Unused electrodes
time for electrodes
before being returned
to the heating cabinet. hours.
Worksite
134
COATED ELECTRODES

Minidryer-350
electrodes before welding when this

is required. The dryer may be used
accessible.
thermostat for continuous selection of
The dryer is very robust in design
mm mineral wool. It can also stand

Ordering Information:
unwanted moist air. When the dryer
3.01 Caution:
Use gloves when handling warm
drying electrodes only.
Heater Primary Electrode Net

Current Weight
W A mm mm kg kg
230,
1.8 8 7
135
COATED ELECTRODES
Re-drying of Electrodes
Customers are recommended to
redry low hydrogen electrodes before
the electrodes can be returned to a
requirements relating to weld metal
soundness. This information is given

on the box label for the individual Unitor Heating Cabinet-85
electrodes. Failure to follow these (094-637850)
and weld failure.
three times is not recommended.

holding time two hours, for Unitor
Normally no need for
Normally no need for
3.01
136
COATED ELECTRODES

The Heating Cabinet-85
maintenance electrodes.
every shelf is removable. The shelves
rough seas.
enclosed in a unit located in the

bottom of the oven. This unit can be
easily removed as one unit.
It is delivered with 1,7 m cable and are to be used within the heating
cabinet.
Caution: Ordering Information:

Use gloves when handling warm
3.01 electrodes from inside the heating
Heater Primary Electrode Net

Current Weight
W A mm mm kg kg
Heating 230,
1,3 70
137
COATED ELECTRODES

Arc Welding Cabinet
electrodes selected to cover all normal
aluminium.
Arc Welding
Cabinet
welding handbook.
Ship quality steel and cast steel:
• Sturdy, corrosion resistant
3,2 mm 8,2 kg
Ship quality steel, horizontal, high recovery:
scratch resistance. Ship quality steel, vertical down welding:

3,2 mm
Product Description Product no. Heat resistant steel:

1,7 kg
Electrode cabinet 094-670000 3,2 mm 1,7 kg
Low temperature steel:
094-669994 3,2 mm 1,8 kg
Weathering resistant steel:
3,2 mm 1,8 kg 3.01
Stainless steel, stainless to mild steel,
Dimensions: compound steel:
600x600x300 mm 1,7 kg
free distance above cabinet 310 mm. 3,2 mm 1,7 kg
Weight with electrodes 3,2 mm 2,0 kg
"Problem" steels:
Contents and Applications Areas 1,6 kg
Cast iron:
2,0 kg
Sheet metal and thin walled pipes: 3,2 mm 2,2 kg
2,0 mm 1,7 kg Aluminium:
General mild steel repairs, all positions: 3,2 mm 1,1 kg
Bronze & brass:
3,2 mm 10,8 kg 3,2 mm 1,3 kg
Hardfacing:
General mild steel repairing, horizontal, 1,6 kg
high recovery:
Cutting & gouging:
3,2 mm
138
COATED ELECTRODES

Arc Welding Cabinet Compact
electrodes selected to cover normal
alloys and aluminium.
welding handbook.
corrosion and scratch resistance.
Product Description Product no. “Problem” steels:

1,6 kg
Electrode cabinet 094-670001
Cast iron:
2,0 kg
Electrode cabinet 094-669999
3,2 mm 2,2 kg
Aluminium:
3.01 3,2 mm 1,1 kg
Width
Bronze & brass:
3,2 mm 1,3 kg
Height closed
8 kg
33 kg
Contents and Applications Areas
General mild steel repairs, all positions:
3,2 mm
Ship quality steel and cast steel:
Stainless steel
1,7 kg
139
COATED ELECTRODES
Classification and Approvals

near future. In America one refers to
nomenclature in welding, Euronorm AWS (American Welding Society) for
of this we will mostly refer to EN and

AWS in the Nomenclature for Welding
have come in force already and more Consumables.
Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of high strength steel
EN 1600 Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of stainless and heat
resisting steel
Classification and Approvals

CLASSIFICATIONS APPROVALS
Product Name AWS EN DNV·GL LR BV ABS
E 6013 E 38 0 RC 11 2 2 2 2
2Y 2Y 2Y 2Y
E 7016 3YH10 3, 3YH10 3H10, 3Y
E 7018 3H10, 3Y 3.01
E 7028
3YH10 3YH10
– 3Y
3YH10 3YH10
3YH10
– –
–
–
–
E Cu Sn C –
E Cu A1 A2 –
–
140
COATED ELECTRODES
Guide to Approvals
the electrode has under its relevant
The full grading code consists of a

digit and one or more letters. The
digit indicates the tensil and notch
indicate higher tensile steels.
2 2
2 2
Grade Tensile properties Impact

properties
Yield strength Tensile Elongation
strength
(min)
1 22
3.01 2 22
3 22
2Y 22
3Y 22
22
22
22
20
22
20
22
20
141
COATED ELECTRODES
Guide to EN 499-1995
Symbol Tensile Yield Elongation Symbol Welding position
strength strength min. %
1
MPa MPa
2
22
3
38 380 20
20
20
18 according to symbol 3.
Symbol Metal Type

recovery % of current
1
2
3
160
6 160
7 >160
8 >160
E 46 6 2Ni B 3 2 H5
Covered electrode for Symbol Coating type Symbol Hydrogen ml/100

A Acid g deposited weld
metal, max.
C Cellulosic 3.01
H10 10
R Rutile
Symbol Impact energy RR Rutile (thick coated)
Charpy-V Temp °C
for 47J min. RC
RA
No requirements
A
0 0
2 Chemical composition*
Symbol
3 Mn Mo Ni
No symbol 2.0 – –
0.3 – 0.6 –
0.3 – 0.6 –
6 1Ni – 0.6 – 1.2
2Ni – 1.8 – 2.6
3Ni – >2.6 – 3.8
– 0.6 – 1.2
0.3 – 0.6 0.6 – 1.2
Single values shown in the table mean maximum values.
142
COATED ELECTRODES
Symbol Yield strength Tensile Elongation Symbol Welding position
min. MPa strength MPa min. %
1
18 2
62 620 18 3
17
16
according to symbol 3.
Symbol Metal Type

recovery % of current
1
2
3
160
6 160 Indicates mechanical
7 >160
8 >160 relief treatment.
E 62 7 MnNI B 3 4 H5 T
Only basic Symbol Hydrogen content,

manual metal arc welding electrode covering. ml/100 g deposited
weld metal, max
3.01
H10 10
Symbol Impact Energy
Charpy-V Temp °C
for 47J min.
No requirements
A
0 0 Chemical composition of all-weld metal, %*
2 Symbol
Mn Ni Cr Mo
3
– –
– –
–
–
6 –
7 –
8 –
Single values shown in the table are maximum values.
143
COATED ELECTRODES
Symbol Metal recovery % Type of current
manual metal arc 1
welding. 2
3
160
6 160
E 23 12 2L R 3 2 7
8
>160
>160
Symbol Welding position

1
2
3
according to symbol 3.
Chemical composition of all-weld metal, %*

Alloy Symbol
C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo Other elements
13 0.12 1.0 0.030

0.06 1.0 0.030
17 0.12 1.0 0.030
Austenitic
0.08 1.2 2.0 0.030
1.2 2.0 0.030
0.08 1.2 2.0 0.030 Nb
0.08 1.2 2.0 0.030
1.2 2.0 0.030
0.08 1.2 2.0 0.030 Nb 3.01
1.2 0.030 N 0.20
1.2 0.030
1.2 2.0 N 0.20
1.2 0.030
1.2 0.030
Fully austenitic. High corrosion resistance
1.2 0.030
1.2 N 0.20
1.2 0.030
1.2 N 0.20
1.2 0.030 N 0.20
1.2 0.030
0.20 1.2
1.2
20 10 3 0.10 1.2 0.030
1.2 0.030
23 12 Nb 0.10 1.2 0.030 Nb
1.2 0.030
1.2
16 8 2 0.08 1.0 0.030

1.2 2.0 0.030
1.2 0.030
22 12 1.2 0.030
1.2 0.030
1.2 0.030
18 36 1.2 0.030
144
COATED ELECTRODES
Guide to AWS A5.1-1991

Covered electrode
arc welding toughness, low moisture level and
limits for weld metal.
meets the requirements of the
mandatory.
E 70 18 M
E 70 16 –1 HZ R
strength in ksi.
Tensile Yield strength min. Impact Type of

AWS
Strength min. Elongation Energy Welding Current
Classifi- Type of coating
min % Charp-V Position
cation
ksi MPa ksi MPa J/°C AC DC
E 6010 60 331 22 10 Cellulosic –
3.01 E 6011 60 331 22 11 Cellulosic x
E 6012 60 331 17 12 Rutile x
E 6013 60 331 17 13 Rutile x
60 331 22 x
E 6020 60 331 22 20 Acid x
E 6022 60 22 Acid x
E 6027 60 331 22 27 Acid, high reco. x
70 17 x
70 22 –
E 7016 70 22 16 x
70 22 16 x
E 7018 70 22 18 x
70 22 18 x
a) b) b) 18 –
70 17 Rutile, high reco. x
E 7027 70 22 27 Acid, high reco. x
E 7028 70 22 28 x
70 22 x
For Code Welding position

1
2
145
COATED ELECTRODES

Covered AWS Welding Type of current
Type of coating
electrode welding Classification Position AC DC
for manual
Exx10 1 Cellulosic –
welding and current Exx11 1 Cellulosic x
Exx12 1 Rutile x
Exx13 1 Rutile x
1 –
Exx16 1 x
Exx18 1 x
E 80 18 C1 Exx20
Exx27
2
2
Acid
Acid, high recovery
x
x
strength in ksi.
metal.
AWS Tensile strength Yield strength Code Welding position

classification min./MPa min./MPa 1
2
620 AWS Impact energy

620 classification
600 min. J °C
27
760 670 27
760 680–760 27
830 27 3.01
830 27
830 27
27
27
27
Suffix Alloying system Nominal values Wt% 27
–A1 27
27
27
27
68 –18
27 –18
27 –18
27
–C1 Ni 27
Ni 27 –73
–C2 Ni 27 –73
Ni 27 –73
–C3 27 –73
27 –73
27 –101
27 –101
27 –101
All other alloy steel electrodes All other Not required
146
COATED ELECTRODES

Covered Suffix Coating type and usability characteristics
electrode for
arc welding –16

–17
E 312 17
Indicates
–26
AWS Chemical composition of undiluted weld metal

Classification C Cr Ni Mo Nb+Ta Mn Si P S N Cu
0.06 – 0.03 0.10–0.30
0.06 – 8.0–10.0 1.0 0.03 0.10–0.30
0.06 – 1.0 0.03 0.10–0.30
– 0.03 –
0.08 18.0–21.0 – 0.03 –
18.0–21.0 – 0.03 –
18.0–21.0 – 0.03 –
0.08 18.0–21.0 2.0–3.0 – 0.03 –
18.0–21.0 2.0–3.0 – 0.03 –
– 0.03 –
– 0.03 –
0.12 0.70–1.00 0.03 –
0.12 2.0–3.0 – 0.03 –
2.0–3.0 – 0.03 –
0.08–0.20 – 0.03 0.03 –
3.01 – 0.03 0.03 –
0.12 20.0–22.0 0.70–1.00 0.03 0.03 –
0.12 20.0–22.0 2.0–3.0 – 0.03 0.03 –
28.0–32.0 – 0.03 –
0.08 17.0–20.0 2.0–3.0 – 0.03 –
17.0–20.0 2.0–3.0 – 0.03 –
17.0–20.0 2.0–3.0 – 0.03 –
0.08 18.0–21.0 – 0.03 –
18.0–21.0 – 0.03 –
0.08 17.0–20.0 2.0–3.0 6xC 1.0 0.03 –
0.07 32.0–36.0 2.0–3.0 8xC 1.0 0.60 0.03 –
0.03 32.0–36.0 2.0–3.0 8xC 0.30 0.02 –
33.0–37.0 – 0.03 –
33.0–37.0 – 0.03 –
0.08 18.0–21.0 8xC 1.0 0.03 –
0.13 18.0–21.0 8.0–10.0 0.03 –
0.03 30.0–33.0 – 0.02 0.02 –
0.03 – 0.03 0.02 – 1.2–2.0
0.12 0.7 – 1.0 0.03 –
0.06 – 1.0 0.03 –
0.10 0.6 – 1.0 0.03 –
0.10 – 1.0 0.03 –
0.10 – 1.0 0.03 –
0.03 –
0.10 1.0–2.0 – 0.60 0.03 0.03 –
0.10 6.0–8.0 – 1.0 0.03
– 0.03 0.08–0.20
0.06 – 1.0 0.03
147
COATED ELECTRODES
Welding positions
AWS according to ASME section IX Welding positions

according to
EN according to ISO 6947, NEN-EN 287 EN 26947
1F 2F PA
PA PA PA
2F 2F PC
PC PC
3F PF
3.01
PE PE
148
GPO-302 N
General Purpose Electrode for Mild Steel

Imprint
Classifications
SFA/AWS A 5.1 EN-ISO 2560-A
E 6013 E 38 O RC 11
Approvals
DNV·GL LR BV ABS
2 2 2 2
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Materials
to be welded
Cast steel
vessel steel
Fine grained steel
All weld metal C Mn Si

3.01 composition
Typical mech. properties Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation Impact value
of weld metal MPa MPa % ISO-V (J)
27
Typical mech. properties
Diameter Current Arc time **/ Deposition Electrodes per kg Fume
of weld metal
mm. range, A electrode, sec. rate** Kg/h weld metal** class
60–100 0.8 86 1
3.2 1.3 1
100–200 1.6 1
Diameter Length Electrodes Net weight, Product No. Boxes per

mm. mm. per box kg per box per box carton
3
3.2 3
120 3
149
GPO-302 N
electrode with a medium thick organic
It is a versatile electrode for all mild
the higher grade steels that require
beams, etc.)
and is the electrode least affected by
makes the electrode well suited for

tack welding.
including vertical down, if necessary

without changing the welding
current setting.
This, and the electrode’s ability to
electrode on board. Suitable for welding in the
3.01
jobs of medium strength.
With its good welding characteristics
Suitable for tack welding and welding
150
GPR-300 H
High Recovery Electrode for Mild Steel

Identification:
Imprint
Classifications
E 7024 E 42 0 RR 73
Approvals
DNV·GL LR BV ABS
2Y 2Y 2Y 2Y
Type of current
Welding positions
PA
Materials
to be welded
Cast steel
vessel steel
Fine grained steel
All weld metal

3.01 composition
C Mn Si
max. 0.12
Typical mech. properties Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation Impact value Recovery
of weld metal MPa MPa % ISO-V (J) %
26 180
Welding data
3.2 130–170 21.0 2
180–230 3.8 2
68 3
6.0 72 6.6
Packaging data
3.2 3
3
3
6.0 23 3
151
GPR-300 H
the coating to be in contact with the
The electrode can be used at a
heavier material, a large electrode
The electrode is suitable for welding
However, observe all necessary safety

material thickness.
on welding fumes. 3.01
where large sections of steel are to
heat deformation and stress.

Welding with this electrode ensures
This electrode is recommended
152
SPECIAL-303 N
Double Coated Electrode for Mild and Ship Quality Steel

Identification:
Imprint
Classifications
E 7016 E 38 2B 32 H10
Approvals
DNV·GL LR BV ABS
3YH10 3YH15 3, 3YH10 3H10, 3Y
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Materials
to be welded
Cast steel
vessel steel
Fine grained steel
All weld metal

3.01 composition
C Mn Si
max. 0.10
28
Welding data
2.0 0.6 3
77 3
3.2 3
3
Packaging data
2.0 1.7 6
200 3
3.2 120 3
2.0 3
153
SPECIAL-303 N
excellent running characteristics of

a rutile electrode with the very good
electrode. Core rod
Rutile coating
Ideal electrode for high quality jobs
Root edge
Controlled burn through
3.01
154
LH-314 N
Low Hydrogen Electrode for Ship Quality Steel

Identification:
Imprint
Classifications
E 7018 H4 E 42 4 B 42 H5
Approvals
DNV·GL LR BV ABS
3YH5 3YH5 3, 3YH5 3YH5, 3Y
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Materials
to be welded
Cast steel
vessel steel
Fine grained steel
3.01 All weld metal C Mn Si

composition
Welding data
1.0 2
3.2 80 31.3 3
2.1 3
Packaging data
161 3
3.2 3
78 3
155
LH-314 N
you are uncertain as to whether the

steel is unalloyed or low alloyed, you
cannot go wrong when using a basic
A short arc.
All basic electrodes should be used
Hydrogen content is low, less than
the risk of cold cracks. Slag is easily
3.01
therefore well suited for heavily loaded
examination.
welding ordinary cast steel in high
To determine whether you have cast

iron or cast steel, use a hammer and
chisel on the material and consult the
chisel test under the section on metal
Welding cast steel.
156
LHH-314 H
High Recovery Low Hydrogen Electrode for Ship Quality

Identification:
Imprint
Classifications
E 7028 E 42 4 B 73 H5
Approvals
DNV·GL LR BV ABS
3YH5 3YH5 3YH5 3YH5
Type of current
Welding positions
PA
Materials
to be welded
Cast steel
vessel steel
Fine grained steel

3.01
composition
Typical mech. properties Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation Impact value Recovery
of weld metal MPa MPa % ISO-V (J) %
26
Welding data
70 3.7
72
Packaging data
3
3
157
LHH-314 H
the coating to be in contact with the

base material.
The electrode can be used at a
heavier material, a large electrode
The electrode is suitable for welding
However, observe all necessary safety

material thickness.
on welding fumes. 3.01
where large sections of steel are to
heat deformation and stress.

This electrode is recommended
158
LHV-316 N
Vertical Down Welding Low Hydrogen

Electrode for Ship Quality Steel
Imprint
Classifications
E 8018-G E 46 4 B 41 H5
Approvals
DNV·GL LR BV ABS
3YH10 4Y40H10 3YH10 3Y
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Materials
to be welded
Cast steel
vessel steel
Fine grained steel

3.01
composition
27
Welding data
3.2 1.6 2
2.8 27.0 2
Packaging data
3.2 137 3
3
159
LHV-316 N
basic electrode for welding unalloyed,
controlled steel. It can be used in
frames, lifting lugs and electric motor
A short arc
electrode should travel in a straight
with both sides of the groove. The

electrode should be held at an angle
The electrode can also be used for
overhead welding.
with very good mechanical strength

and high crack resistance. The slag
from this electrode is very easily
removed, even from narrow grooves.
used for welding a root bead where 3.01
electrode, maximum welding current

can be used also in vertical welding.
three times faster than normal.

There is little heat transfer to the base
316N and deformation and stress is
drying of basic electrodes. required, weld a bead on either side of the

root bead as shown
160
LHT-318 N
Electrode for High Temperature Steel

Identification:
Imprint
Classifications
SFA/AWS A 5.5 EN 1599
E 8018-B2 E CrMo 1B 42 H5
Approvals
DNV·GL LR BV ABS
H5 – 1% Cr 0,5% Mo, H5 SR
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Materials
to be welded
Case hardening steel
Q & T steel
Creep data:
Test temperature °C 400 450 500 550 600
(80)
300 110
80
170
3.01
All weld metal C Mn Si P S Cr Mo
composition
max. 0.020
Typical mech. properties * Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation Impact value
620 20
Welding data
Diameter Current Arc time **/ Deposition Electrodes per Fume
mm. range, A electrode, sec. rate** Kg/h kg weld metal** class
60 0.8 73 3
3.2 1.1 3
Packaging data
1.7 6
3.2 1.7 6
161
LHT-318 N
basic electrode for welding low alloy
The basic coating is of extra moisture
against humidity. See section on after

drying of basic electrodes. Electrode for heat resistant steels,
For best results on Chromium alloyed
materials thicker than 8–10 mm,
The electrodes may be used in all
As for all basic electrodes the arc
3.01
In cases where stress relieving is
ensure full effect.

For t >12 mm welding from both sides
is recommended
162
LHL-319 N
Electrode for Low Temperature Steel

Identification:
Imprint
Classifications
E 8018-C1 E 46 6 2 Ni B 32 H5
Approvals
DNV·GL LR BV ABS
5Y46H5 5Y42H5 5Y 40M H5 3Y400H5
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Materials
to be welded
Fine grained steel
High strength steel
All weld metal C Mn Si P S Ni

3.01 composition
max. 0.020 max. 0.020
610 26
Welding data
70–110 70 2
3.2 63 3
Packaging data
78 1.8 6
3.2 1.8 6
163
LHL-319 N
containing Nickel is used more and
with short arc. High notch values are
grained structural steel with thickness
Store dry.
3.01
164
LHR-320 N
Electrode for Weathering Steel

Identification:
Imprint
Classifications
E 8018-G E 46 5 Z B 32
Approvals
DNV·GL LR BV ABS
3YH10 3YH15 3YH10 3YH10
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Materials
to be welded
Fine grained steel
High strength steel

Weathering steel Commercial names
All weld metal C Mn Si P, S Ni Cu

3.01 composition
max. 0.020
27
Welding data
66 2
3.2 70 1.3 2
Packaging data
88 1.7 6
3.2 1.8 6
165
LHR-320 N
with good corrosion resistance to
of weathering steel (Patinax steel,
The weld metal has excellent
wears off.
forms naturally on the steel when it is
This tight oxide coating reduces

continuing corrosion. The corrosion
resistance of weathering steels is four
to six times that of normal structural
carbon steels, and two to three
structural steels. Flue gases corrosion 3.01

The weathering steels are covered by
steels have a minimum yield strength
To maintain the weather resistance

characteristic of the steel, it is
Sea water corrosion
166
TENSILE-328 N
Electrode for Difficult-to-Weld Steel

Identification:
Imprint
Classifications
SFA/AWS A 5.5 EN-ISO 3581-A EN 14 700
E 312-17 E 29 9 R 32 E Fe 11
Approvals N.A.
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Materials Various steel grades such as:

to be welded
– Work hardening austenitic manganese steel
All weld metal composition C Mn Si Cr Ni
3.01
610 22
Welding data
78 6
3.2 1.3 7
Packaging data
300 1.6 6
3.2 2.0 6
167
TENSILE-328 N
are commonly used in main engine
shafts, gear wheels, etc.

This electrode can be used for joining
surface.
area must be grinded and cleaned
threaded surfaces adjacent to the
hold the electrode almost at right
Preheating is not usually necessary.

3.01
before continuing.
168
IMPACT-329 S
Electrode for Heat Resistant Overlays

Identification:
Imprint
Classifications
DIN 8555
E 20-UM-250-CRTZ
Approvals N.A.
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Materials
to be welded
– High corrosion resistance
– High resistance against abrasion by metal to metal friction or caviation
3.01 – Extrusion screws

– Stream through valves
All weld metal composition Co Cr W C Ni Fe Mn Si

Rest 20 0.1 10 2.0 1.0 0.8
Typical mech. properties Tensile strength Elongation Hardness as Impact value

of weld metal MPa % welded HB ISO-V (J)
Welding data
mm. range, A electrode, sec. rate** Kg/h kg weld metal class
3.2 70–120 66 1.36 7
Packaging data
Diameter Length Electrodes Net weight, Product No. per Boxes per
mm. mm. per box kg per box box carton
3.2 6
169
IMPACT-329 S
1. Machine preparation
Suggested jig for holding
2. Weld preparation outer side of the groove

Second layer
allowing it to be rotated. First layer or

buffer layer
3. Preheating
can consist of
several beads
4. Welding
minimise heat effects, the welding should be
the outer side of the groove, and do about one

third of the circumference.
3.01
started. Finally do the third, starting where the Small diameters

Welding bead sequence
5. Cooling
be immersed in insulating material or dry sand in

order to ensure slow cooling.
6. Final machining
After cooling, machine to correct tolerances, use
Ensure slow cooling.
170
WEARMAX-327
Electrode for Joining & Wear Resistant Overlays

Identification:
Imprint
Classifications
AWS A5.4
~ E 307-26
Approvals N.A.
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Materials
to be welded
for both joining and making wear resistant overlays.
All weld metal composition Fe Cr Ni Mo Mn Si
3.01 Rest 16–20 7–10 1.3–2.3
Typical mech. properties Tensile Yield Elongation Hardness as Hardness Recovery

of weld metal strength strength % welded HB after work %
MPa MPa hardening HB
Welding data
Diameter Current Arc time / Deposition Electrodes per Fume
mm. range, A electrode, sec. rate Kg/h kg weld metal class
80 6
3.2 103 1.2 31 6
1.8 21 7
Packaging data
Diameter Length Electrodes Net weight, Product No. per Boxes per
mm. mm. per box kg per box box carton
1.6 6
3.2 68 3
3
171
WEARMAX-327
Winch wheel
with excellent resistance against
elongation. When subjected to

grinding, machining or wear, the
Chain
chain wires etc. The electrode is

also designed to achieve high tensile
it an excellent electrode for joining

dissimilar metals.
Areas of application:
Anchor winch wheels and guides,
windlasses drums and rollers, cranes
grain steel and shear blades.
3.01
172
18/8-321 N
Electrode for Stainless Steel

Identification:
Imprint
Classifications
E 316L-17 E 19 12 3 LR 12
Approvals
DNV·GL LR BV ABS
VL316L 316L 316L E 316L 17
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Materials Steel BS 970 DIN 17440/17445 W.Nr. AFNOR NF A35- ASTM/ACI SIS UNS
to be welded grades 1554 573/574/576/582 A240, A312, A351
Extra low 316S11 S31603
carbon
316S13
316S31 316 (TP) 316

carbon 316S33
316S33
316S33
316S33
320S31 316Ti
2338
2338
3.01
All weld metal C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo FN
composition
max. 0.030 3–10
Welding data
1.6 26 0.6 230 3
1.1
3.2
Packaging data
1.6 300 213 1.6 6
300 1.7 6
3.2 1.7 6
173
18/8-321 N
electrode for welding stainless and
molybdenum.
When welding tanks containing

corrosive elements, it must be
2nd run 1st run
steel.
Use a brush with stainless steel wire
If an ordinary wire brush is used, iron
left by the brush, as this can lead to
formed on either side of the bead
to remove discolouration and oxides
3.01
Welding:
1. Use a short arc. A long arc will 4.
increase arc tension, resulting in against humidity and welding with
2. The electrode should be held almost

A stainless steel electrode should
3. When terminating the weld, the
electrode should be move in a as the base material, but there are
finally moved quickly backwards of high alloy content may be used

in the groove for a distance of for welding material which has a
slightly lower alloy content than the
electrode.
slag in the middle of the crater is
thereby avoided.
174
23/14-322 N
Electrode for Stainless Steel

Identification:
Imprint
Classifications
SFA/AWS A5.4 EN-ISO 3581-A
E 309MoL-17 E 23 12 2 LR 32
Approvals
DNV·GL LR BV ABS
VL309Mo SS/CMn 309Mo SS/CMn
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Materials Steel grades BS 970 DIN 17440 W.Nr. AFNOR ASTM/ACI SIS UNS
to be welded First layer 316S11 S31603
claddings 316S13
316S31 316 (TP) 316 (H)

316S33
320S31 316Ti
316Ti
316Cb
3.01 All weld metal C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo FN

composition
max. 0.030 12–22
610 32
Welding data
36 1.2 81
3.2 60–120 1.7
28 6
Packaging data
300 1.7 6
3.2 6
2.0 6
175
23/14-322 N
alloyed electrode for welding stainless
be seen from the sketch, the unalloyed
unalloyed steel electrode, followed by

Unalloyed steel
A certain amount of mixing with the
unalloyed steel is unavoidable and the Stainless steel
to ensure that the weld will remain

Procedure to be followed when welding
stainless.
be used for welding unalloyed steel

to stainless steel. This combination
used the weld will remain stainless.
resistance. It is suitable for all welding Stainless
The electrode may also be used for Welding mild steel to stainless steel.
3.01
ordinary steel.
and oxides after welding.
Stainless steel overlay on ordinary steel.
176
DUPLEX-325 N
Electrode for Duplex Steel

Identification:
Imprint
Classifications
SFA/AWS A5.4 EN-ISO 3581-A
E 2209-17 E 22 9 3 N L R 32
Approvals
DNV·GL LR BV ABS
DUPLEX – 2209 DUPLEX
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Materials
to be welded
W. Nr.
AFNOR
SIS S 2377
UNS S 31803
S 31200
3.01
All weld metal composition C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo FN

max. 0.030
820
Welding data
38 1.0
3.2 80–120
Packaging data
300 1.7 6
3.2 2.0 6
177
DUPLEX-325 N
stainless steel used in tanks, cargo
ladders.
two in one structure, results in a very

high yield and tensile strength as well
mild steel.
It has high resistance to general
will increase arc tension, resulting in

and oxides after welding.
Name Material
1. Hull. 3.01
2. Hull (Section weld).
3. Stiffeners to hull.
Stainless steel.
(Section weld).
mild steel.
178
PICKLING GEL
Pickling Gel for Stainless Steel

Identification:
Packaging type Product consistency and colour
White HD-polyethylene plastic White gel
container (approval according
to UN- recommendation)
Classifications
ASTM A-380 A1 BS CP-312
Shelf life
Storage
Caution:
Application Stir the gel to a smooth consistency.

data
Rinse off the reminding gel using fresh water.

The waste water, after rinsing, contains acids and heavy metals, and must hence be treated
according to local wastewater requirements before discharge.
This can be done with neutralising agent or slaked lime.
3.01
NB.
Chemical
Hydrofluoric acid (HF) Nitric Acid HNO3 Binder
composition
Vol. % 8–20 Rest
pH: 0 Flamable: No
Welding data
Container Content Net Weight per Product No. Containers per carton
container per container
2 litre
Protective
clothing
SDS available on request.
179
PICKLING GEL
8. Pickling residuals and rinse water

weld and the adjacent area to the
Neutralising Agent, and then rinsed
oxidation ranging from light tinting to a

regulations should be consulted
the oxide also occurs. If this is not

removed, corrosion will be the result.
this oxides and the underlying chromium must be avoided since this accelerate
contaminates which may cause local

surface
the materials corrosion resistance. Weld
Application
Chromium
substances that must be handled with
Sheet.
Stir the gel

welds are still warm and the weld before use
oxides less hard.
3.01
3. Organic contaminants such as grease,
the brush
6. The gel should be allowed to remain

to work
steels this time should be extended. If
necessary the gel may be allowed to
as there is no risk for corrosion.
reminding gel using fresh water. If

necessary brush the weld with a
Remove with water
stainless steel wire brush.
180
NIFE-334 N
Nickel Iron Electrode for Cast Iron
Imprint
Classifications
SFA/AWS A5.15 EN-ISO 1071
E NiFe-CL-A E NiFe-CL-A1
Approvals N.A.
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Materials DIN 1691 DIN 1692 DIN 1693

to be welded
All weld metal

Ni Fe C
composition
3.01
Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation Hardness
of weld metal
MPa MPa % HB
300 12 180
Welding data
3.2 2
70 1.8 30 3
Packaging data
3.2 68 2.2 6
6
181
NIFE-334 N
cast iron and grey cast iron.
involve considerable risk of transverse
the heat transfer to the base material
very short beads (2–3 cm) at a time,
to cool before welding the next bead.

cold welded.
continuously welded. The weld metal
is easily machineable.
the crack fracture.
fracturing during welding.

3.01
When welding oily cast iron, Unitor
electrode for gouging without the use

of oxygen. As well as forming a suitable
the metal are saturated with oil.
out the oil contained in the carbon
of cast iron. If the oil is not burnt off, it

will have a tendency to surface during
182
NICKEL-333 N
Nickel Electrode for Cast Iron

Identification:
Imprint
Classifications
SFA/AWS A5.15 EN-ISO 1071
E Ni-CL E Ni-CL3
Approvals N.A.
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Materials DIN 1691 DIN 1692 DIN 1693

to be welded
All weld metal

Ni Fe C
composition
3.01
of weld metal
MPa MPa % HB
300 100 12
Welding data
0.8 2
3.2 1.2 2
Packaging data
300 121 2.0 6
3.2 68 2.2 6
183
NICKEL-333 N
electrode for cold welding of oily

cast iron.
Use a crack detector to determine the

actual length of the crack or fracture.
Weld in short beads.
fracturing during welding.
may be used. Use a fairly short arc.

Hold the electrode almost at a right
angle to the work and weld in short
beads of 2–3 cm at a time. When a
to counteract shrinkage. Start from

the crater and work backwards to the
Allow the weld to cool before

continuing. A general rule is that the
welding area should be hand warm
before welding the next bead of 2–3
cm (cold welding).
3.01
of the crack and inwards.
The thickness of the material is the
deciding factor in choosing between After welding, the bead’s tendency to
shrink can cause cracking. Peening the
bead counteracts the shrinkage forces.
333 N is for use on thinner materials,
be followed by beads welded with
multibead welding on heavy gauge

materials.
Start welding at the end of the crack

and work inwards.
184
TINBRO-341
Electrode for Copper Alloys

Identification:
Imprint
Classifications
AWS A5.6 DIN 8555
~ E Cu SnC E 30-UM-150-C
Approvals N.A.
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Materials Copper and copper alloys i.e.:

to be welded
Steel
Castiron
All weld metal

Cu Sn Mn
composition
3.01 Rest 1

Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation Hardness Recovery %
of weld metal
MPa MPa % HB
103
Welding data
3.2 63 1.33 6
Packaging data
3.2 6
185
TINBRO-341
Cunifer
these to steel and cast iron.

Clean the welding area thoroughly to
material. When making joints, a 3 mm
and welding current can be reduced.

Use a short arc and hold the electrode
almost at right angles to the work.
weave the electrode from side to side,
the electrode diameter.

Parts not be overheated, or where
minimum fusion with the base material
is required, welding should be carried
3.01
The electrodes must be stored in a dry
avoid damage of the coating.
For welding these materials, the
Yorcalbro
186
ALBRONZE-344
Electrode for Copper Alloys

Identification:
Imprint
Classifications
AWS A5.6 DIN 8555
~ E Cu Al A2 E 31-UM-150-C
Approvals N.A.
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Materials Copper and copper alloys i.e.:

to be welded
Steel
Cast iron
All weld metal

Cu AI Mn Fe
composition
3.01 Rest 7 1.2 2.8

Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation Hardness Recovery %
of weld metal
MPa MPa % HB
10 103
Welding data
3.2 80–160 81 6
Packaging data
3.2 1.3 6
187
ALBRONZE-344
recommended for welding Yorcalbro
as for joining these metals to steel and

cast iron. It is also used for welding
gliding surface overlays on steel.
against cavitational wear and
weldability.
condensers, valves and turbine blades.

Clean the welding area thoroughly and
The groove can be formed by grinding.
during welding. When surfacing steel
3.01
base material.
Use a short arc. Hold the electrode
The length of each stroke should not

exceed three times the electrode
diameter. Remove the slag from the
brush before starting on the next
similar materials must be annealed

after welding by heating the welding
then be allowed to cool down slowly to
188
ALUMIN-351 N
Electrode for Aluminium

Identification:
Imprint
Classifications
EN-ISO 18273
EL-AlSi12
Approvals N.A.
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Materials
to be welded
10 (3.2381)
10 (Cu) (3.2381)
12
12 (Cu)
11
Cu 3
7
6
3.01 All weld metal

AI Si Fe
composition
max. 0.8

Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation Impact value
of weld metal
MPa MPa % ISO-V (J)
160 13
Welding data
Diameter Current Arc time** / Deposition Electrodes per Fume
3.2 70–120 32 0.7 3
Packaging data
3.2 71 1.0 6
189
ALUMIN-351 N
ventilation or use Fresh Air kit mounted

in face shield.
castings (covers), gangways, etc.
When welding materials more than 3
the electrode almost vertically to the
about 1 cm when restriking.

All slag must be cleaned off the
Aluminium electrodes absorb moisture

very easily and must be stored in a dry,
Hold the electrode almost at right angles
3.01
weld direction
Aluminium or magnesium?
Note: Use the shortest possible arc.
Use the following test to determine
File a few shavings onto a small
is magnesium. If there are only a few
aluminium alloyed with magnesium,

and may be welded.
190
CH-2-382
Electrode for Aluminium

Identification:
Imprint
Classifications N.A.
Approvals N.A.
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC
Materials
to be chamfered
Cast iron
All weld metal composition N.A.
Typical mech. properties N.A.

of weld metal
Welding data
3.01 mm. range, A electrode, sec. rate Kg/h kg weld metal class
3.2 160–280 – – 7
Packaging data
3.2 36 6
191
CH-2-382
Gouging Technique
1. Hold the electrode vertically and
The arc will strike after a few

seconds.
2. Hold the electrode at an angle of
3.
4. Warning!
inadvertently, move the electrode

back and lower to correct angle.
5. Work downwards when cutting into
a vertical surface, otherwise as
6.
3.01
192
ACA-384
Electrode for Air Carbon Arc Gouging

Identification:
Classifications N.A.
Approvals N.A.
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC
Materials
to be welded
All weld metal composition N.A.
Metal removal capacity

Diameter mm. Approx. kg/electrode
6.3 0.27
8.0 0.37
3.01 0.61
Welding data
Diameter mm. Current Air pressure (bar) Fume class
range, Amps.
6.3 7
8.0 7
7
Packaging data
6.3 0.8
8.0 1.3
2.1
193
ACA-384
electrodes and using 100 m cable, the
metal, and the molten metal is then

WARNING!
This method has several advantages
– it can be used for cutting stainless
steel and other materials which are
should be able to master the gouging and must not be inhaled. Arrange for
suitable ventilation or use an air mask.
day for about a week.
method is the removal of sections

which have been welded to the deck
Hold the electrode holder so that
direction of travel. The air blast

is directed along the rear of the
electrode towards the arc. The
controlled by the electrode angle and

The electrode held at
a narrow angle to the
A combination of wide electrode angle
3.01
the groove will usually be about 3 mm
wider than the electrode diameter.
travel to obtain an even, hissing sound

and clean, smooth groove surface.
The amount of metal which can be
removed increases with increasing
current. However, every electrode has
an ideal current level which is slightly electrode when gouging
below its maximum. If the ideal level
is exceeded, the welder will notice a
considerable increase in electrode
194
3.01
195
TIG WELDING RODS AND FLUXES
Introduction
201
203
207
211
3.02
196
Introduction
an arc is struck between a Tungsten
Power source
surrounding air. The electrodes
Return cable
similar welding technique

as gas welding but use
electricity as energy Welding
source. cable
torch
Rods for TIG welding
for convenient use. The label on each
and also gives rod data and basic

shielding
use.
Rod
3.02
197
Classification
Mechanical properties of weld metal

AWS
Tensile Yield strength Elongation Impact Energy Condition
Classifications
strength min. min. MPa min. % Charpy-V J/°C
MPa (0.2% proof)
Not required
Not required
620 17 Not required
620 17 Not required
17
16
16
760
830
Not required Not required Not required Not required
then in still air.
then in still air. 3.02
Suffix Alloying system Nominal value, wt%
Ni
Ni
Ni
198
IMS 210
Description:
tensile steels.
Identification:
Classifications
AWS A5.28 EN 12070 DIN 8575 Werkstoff No.
Type of current
Welding positions
Flux
Materials
to be welded
Fine grained steel
3.02 Chemical
C Mn Si Mo Fe
composition as
welded (W%) 0.1 1 0.6 Rest
Welding data
MPa MPa % ISO-V (J)
23 180
Packaging data
Diameter Length Rods per Net weight per Product No.
mm. mm. package package kg per package
2.0
199
IMS 210
welding rod for welding of unalloyed
It is also recommended for welding of

high tensile steel.
of small diameters where the wall
6 mm.
advantage when making root runs

on large thicknesses where the
are done by arc welding with coated

electrodes.
Thoroughly clean the welding area
before commencing welding.
the other hand, have a high silicium
3.02
200
ICROMO 216
Description:
recommended for welding of high tensile steels.
Identification:
Classifications
AWS SFA 5.28 EN 12070 BS 2901 DIN 8575 Werkstoff No.
A32
Type of current
Welding positions
Flux
Materials Elevated temperature steel Case hardening steel

to be welded
Quenched & Tempered steel
3.02
Chemical
C Si Mn Cr Mo Fe
composition as
welded (W%) 0.1 0.6 1 1.2 Rest
Mechanical properties
Tensile Elongation Impact value
as welded Temperature Yield strength MPa
strength MPa % ISO-V (J)
AW 22 100
22 130
Packaging data
1
201
ICROMO 216
welding of heat resistant steel, like

boiler tubes. It is suitable for working
wall thicknesses it can be used for
welding with coated electrodes.
electrode.
3.02
202
18/8 Mo 221
Description:
Identification:
Classifications
Type of current
Welding positions
Flux
Materials Steel grades BS 970 DIN 17440/1744.5 W.Nr. AFNOR NF A35- ASTM/ACI SIS UNS
to be welded
Ext. low carb. 316S11
316S13
316S31 316 (TP) 316

316S33
316S33
3.02 316S33
316S33
320S31 316Ti
2338
Chemical composition
C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Fe
as welded (W%)
<0.02 1.7 0.8 18.8 2.8 Rest
Tensile Yield Elongation
as welded Impact value ISO-V (J)
strength MPa strength MPa %
320 80 At
Packaging data
2.0
203
18/8 Mo 221
stainless and acid resistant steel.
offer. When welding thin sheets and
rod may also be used as a root bead

when welding thicker sheets with
avoid when using coated electrodes

on thin sheets.
stainless and acid resistant sheet and
board chemical tankers.
welding current is used, combined
alloyed with rare earth metals. The
Note: The hot surface of the back of

the weld will be attacked by air
this can be done by introducing
ends. When welding sheets, 3.02

sheet underneath the weld will
Remember there is considerably

more shrinkage in stainless steel than
in mild steel and the tacks should
Argon hose Small hole

to let the
204
IDUPLEX-222
Description:
Identification:
Classifications
Type of current
Welding positions
Flux
Materials EN 10088 W. No. DIN 17440/1744.5

to be welded
Chemical
C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo N Fe
3.02 composition as
welded (W%) 1.6 23.0 3.0 Rest
Tensile Yield Elongation
as welded Impact value ISO-V (J)
strength MPa strength MPa %
> 680 >22
Packaging data
2.0
205
IDUPLEX-222
Included
angle
strength and toughness resistance to
areas are similar to those for coated
than 2 mm) it is always an advantage
used as a root bead when welding

bigger than for AISI 316 stainless steel.
avoid when using coated electrodes

on thin sheets. The rod can also be
must be used. Shielding gas must be
avoided as the material

welding, remove discoloration by using structure may suffer
Unitor Pickling Paste.
Note: The back of the weld will 3.02
the hot surface) unless it is
and introducing Argon gas.

Remember there is considerably
more shrinkage in stainless Remember to only
steel than in mild steel and use stainless steel
the tacks should therefore be wire brushes and
when working with
stainless steel
Remember there is considerably more
than in mild steel and the tacks should
206
ALUMAG 235
Description:
can be used for all cast alloys containing magnesium as

the main alloying element.
Identification:
Classifications
AWS A5.10 DIN 1732 Werkstoff No.
Type of current
Welding positions
Flux
Materials Aluminium wrought alloys:

to be welded
Aluminium cast alloys:
(generally all cast alloys containing magnesium as main alloying element).
Chemical
Mn Ti Mg Cr AI
3.02 composition as
welded (W%) Rest
Tensile Yield Elongation Melting range
as welded
strength MPa strength MPa % °C
110 17
Packaging data
2.0
207
ALUMAG 235
resistant aluminum and cast

aluminium.
Clean the joints and adjacent surfaces
thoroughly. Use a stainless steel
brush, not an ordinary steel brush
which will rub iron oxides into the
aluminum and contaminate the
so that they do not sag when the
to cool slowly after being welded.

TIG (GTAW) welding
necessary to use an alternating
required to break the oxide layer on

the aluminium surface.
3.02
208
ICUNI 30 239
Description:
Identification:
Classifications
AWS A5.7 BS 2901 DIN 1733 Werkstoff No.
ER Cu Ni C 18 2.0837
Type of current
Welding positions
Flux
Materials Copper-nickel wrought alloys Copper-nickel wrought alloys

to be welded
Werkstoff No. 2.0872
Werkstoff No. 2.0883
Chemical
Ni Mn Fe Ti Cu
3.02 composition as
welded (W%) 31.0 1.0 Rest
Tensile Yield Elongation Hardness
as welded
strength MPa strength MPa % HB
200 30
Packaging data
2.0
209
ICUNI 30 239
is used in combination with a thorium
as shielding gas.
Thoroughly clean the welding and
adjacent area with a stainless
adjacent areas must be thoroughly

cleaned with a stainless steel brush or
Unitor ICUNI 30.

3.02
210
IALBRO 237 MF
Description:
Classifications
AWS A5.7 DIN 1733
Type of current
Welding positions
Materials Wrought copper aluminium alloys:

to be welded
Cast copper aluminium alloys:
Trade name types:
3.02 Chemical
AL Mn Ni Cu
composition as
welded (W%) 1.0 Rest
Tensile Yield Elongation Hardness
as welded
strength MPa strength MPa % HB
Packaging data
1.2
211
IALBRO 237 MF
either side of the bead should be
– Use a contact thermometer when
combined with Albro Flux 263 PF.
welding.
necessary. For thicknesses
recommended.
– Thoroughly clean the welding area
3.02
– Welding continuous beads as

Permanently
is extinguished the groove must
be cleaned before the bead is
continued.
Permanently
212
3.02
213
WIRES FOR WIRE WELDING
Introduction
216
Storage and handling for Flux Cored wires 218
221
223
Coreshield 8
227
231
233
237
3.03
214
Introduction
In Wire welding an arc is struck
between a continuously fed wire and
Cylinder
Argon
Wire feeder CO2
The wire used can be solid or Power source 2
Return
and does not require any cable
additional shielding gas.
Wire welding
torch
Wires for wire welding

(GMAW and FCAW):
Description
Unitor standard range of welding wires

shielding
and Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) is
Wire
cartons and labelled with information

fully identifying the wire with technical
3.03
215
Classification
Chemical composition of wire or rod

AWS
Classifications
C Mn Si P S Cu
<0.07
Mechanical properties of weld metal

AWS
Tensile Yield strength
Classifications Elongation Impact Energy
strength min. min. MPa Shielding gas
min. % Charpy-V J/°C
MPa (0.2% proof)
22 CO2 2
22 CO2 2
22 Not required CO2 2
22 CO2 2
22 CO2 2

3.03
216
Classification
Indicates a 2
an electrode cored wire
E 7 1 T -1 M
Indicates min. tensile strength in 10 ksi Indicates usability and
AWS Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation Impact Energy

Classifications MPa min. MPa min. % Charpy-V J/oC
22
22 No requirements
22
22
22 No requirements
22
22 No requirements
22 No requirements
No requirements No requirements No requirements No requirements
22
No requirements No requirements No requirements
22 No requirements
22
22
22 No requirements
22
3.03 No requirements No requirements No requirements
22 No requirements
22 No requirements
Suffix Shielding gas Multiple-pass Single-pass Flux type Current type

x x x Rutile
x x Rutile
x Rutile
x x x
x x
x x Rutile
x x
x x
x x Rutile
x x Rutile
x x
217
Storage and handling recommendation for Flux-cored

Wires used in Gas-shielded Flux-cored Arc Welding and
Self Shielded Flux-cored Arc Welding
Scope Gas shield range
Storage
in the original undamaged cartons, the wire coils shall be stored under
requires controlled storing conditions the conditions mentioned above in a
contamination. Recommended storing
for a maximum of 30 days.
Deteriorated products
have suffered from serious water

or moisture contamination, or have
Handling moisture contamination over long
their original condition and shall be

discarded. 3.03
maximum 2 weeks.
218
GPS W 200
Description:
Wire Identification:
Classifications
AWSA5.18 EN 440 DIN 8559 Werkstoff No.
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Shielding gas
Materials
to be welded
vessel steel
Part 1 HPS 33
Fine grained steel
Chemical
C Mn Si S P Fe
composition as
3.03 welded (W%) 0.08 0.03 Rest
as welded
MPa MPa % ISO-V (J)
22
70
Welding data
Deposition Kg wire/kg Fume class*
Wire speed Volt Stick out
rate kg/h weldmetal SS-062802
10–20 mm 0.67–2.68 1
Packaging data
Diameter Spool size Net weight Product No.
mm. mm per spool kg per package
0.8
219
GPS W 200
welding wire for welding of unalloyed

and low alloyed structural steel. It can
be used for welding sheets in thin as
well as larger thicknesses. Stable arc
the area.
3.03
220
MS-W-201 SELFSHIELD
Description:
vertical down.
Classifications
AWS A 5.20 EN
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Shielding gas
No shielding gas
required.
Materials
to be welded
Cast steel
Chemical
C Mn Si P S AI Fe
composition as
3.03 welded (W%) 0.23 0.7 0.007 0.01 2 Rest
Tensile strength
as welded
MPa
Welding data
1.3 7
Packaging data
Diameter Spool size Net weight per Product No.
mm. mm spool kg per spool
0.8
221
MS-W-201 SELFSHIELD
shielded electrode wire designed for
required.
good with minimal slag sticking.

It will make root beads in groove welds
without backing bars.
Typical applications
3.03
222
MS-W-203 SELFSHIELD
Description:
including vertical down.
Classifications
SFA/AWS A 5.36 SFA/
EN ISO 17632-A
AWS A 5.36M
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Shielding gas
No shielding gas
required.
Materials
to be welded Structural Steel
EN10216
EN10208
3.03
All Weld Metal
C Mn Si P
Composition (W%)
1.00
Typical mech.
Tensile Strength Yield Strength Elongation Impact value ISO-V
properties of weld
Rm,MPa Re,MPa A (L0=5d0)% (J)
metal
600 22 Not Required
Welding data
20 mm 2.68 7
Packaging data
Diameter Spool size Net weight per Spool Qty per
Product No.
mm. mm spool kg Product No
1.2 1
223
MS-W-203 SELFSHIELD
alloyed steels.
levels and easy to remove slag. The
resistance to rust and the seamless
with low content of diffusible hydrogen

levels (< H8).
Onboard outdoor fabrication
welding.
3.03
Suitable for tack welding and
224
CORESHIELD 8 SELFSHIELD
Description:
Tubular Flux Cored Wire on a coil.
Classifications
AWS A 5.20 EN ISO BS 7084 NFA 81-350
Approvals
DNV/GL LR BV ABS
3S 3YS (H10) 3SA 3YSA (H10)
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Shielding gas
No shielding gas
required.
Materials
to be welded
Cast steel
Fine grained steel

3.03
Chemical composition as
C Mn Si Cr Ni Cu Mo AI
welded (W%)
0.18 0.1 0.1 0.03
as welded
MPa MPa % ISO-V (J)
22
Welding data
1.33 7
Packaging data
Diameter Spool size Net weight per Product No.
mm. mm spool kg per spool
1.6 11.3
225
CORESHIELD 8 SELFSHIELD
Unitor Coreshield 8 is designed for the
and thicker steel. It has excellent low
diam. 1.6 mm is recommended for welds
handling of Coreshield 8 make it a high
The Coreshield 8 also has excellent slag
ballast tanks.
3.03
226
S 316 M-GF 221
Description:
Classifications
AWS A5.22 EN 12073 Werkstoff No.
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Shielding gas
2
Materials Steel grades BS 970 DIN 17440/1745 W.Nr. AFNOR NF A35- ASTM/ACI SIS UNS
to be welded
Ext. low carb. 316S11 S31603
316S13
316S31 316 (TP) 316

316S33
316S33
316S33
316S33
320S31 316Ti
2338
3.03
Chemical
C Si Mn Cr Ni Mo Fe
composition as
welded (W%) 0.03 0.6 12.0 2.8 Rest
as welded
MPa MPa % ISO-V (J)
30
32
Welding data
1.2–3.2 1.10 7
Packaging data
mm. mm per spool kg per spool
227
S 316 M-GF 221
also suitable for related stabilised steel
bright, smooth weld bead surface. The
2 .
considered.
considered.
3.03
228
S 309 M-GF 222
Description:
Flux cored wire for welding of stainless steel and welding
mild steel to stainless steel. Also welding of clad steel.
Classifications
AWS A5.22 EN ISO 1763-A EN ISO 1763-B
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Shielding gas
2
Materials Steel grades BS 970 DIN 17440/1745 W.Nr. AFNOR NF A35- ASTM/ACI SIS UNS
to be welded First layer 316S11 S31603
claddings 316S13
316S31
316S33 316 (TP) 316 (H)
320S31
316Ti
316Ti
316Cb
316Cb
3.03
Chemical
C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo Fe
composition as
welded (W%) 0.03 0.6 23 2.7 Rest
as welded
MPa MPa % ISO-V (J)
32
Welding data
1.2–3.2 1.10 7
Packaging data
229
S 309 M-GF 222
wire designed for welding of clad steel
steel and corrosion resistant overlays

on mild steel.
It can also be used for welding
of stainless steel with chemical
2
shielding gas.
3.03
230
ICUNI W 239
Description:
Classifications
ER Cu Ni 2,0837
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Shielding gas
Materials Copper-nickel wrought alloys DIN 17664 W.No. UNS

to be welded 2.0872 C 70600
CuN20Fe 2.0878
2.0882
2.0883 C 71600
Copper-nickel cast alloys DIN 17658 W.No.
Chemical
Mn Ni Fe Ti Cu
composition as
3.03 welded (W%) 0.80 30 0.6 Rest
as welded
MPa MPa % HB
360 >200 30 120
Welding data
8–10 mm 1.2–2.80 1
Packaging data
0.8
231
ICUNI W 239
corrosion resistant overlays on cast
shielding gas.
Thoroughly clean the welding and
adjacent area with a stainless
welding.
considered.
3.03
232
IALBRO W 237
Description:
Yorcalbro. High resistance to corrosion and wear.
Classifications
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Shielding gas
Materials Copper-nickel wrought alloys DIN 17665 W.No.

to be welded
CuA18
Copper-nickel cast alloys DIN 1714 W.No.
Chemical
Mn AI Cu
composition as
3.03 welded (W%) 1.0 8 Rest
Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation Hardness Melting range
as welded
MPa MPa % HB °C
180 ± 120
Welding data
8–10 mm 1
Packaging data
0.8
233
IALBRO W 237
wrought as well as cast forms. It is

also suited for rebuilding or joining
materials to steel or cast iron, and for
wear or corrosion resistant overlays on
shielding gas.
Thoroughly clean the welding area with
before commencing welding.
and thin walls should be welded using
considered.
3.03
234
ALUMAG W 235
Description:
Classifications
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC PF
Shielding gas

to be welded
(generally all cast alloys containing

magnesium as main alloying element)
Chemical
Mn Ti Mg Cr AI
composition as
3.03 welded (W%) Rest
Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation
as welded
MPa MPa %
110 17
Welding data
8–10 mm 1
Packaging data
1 2
235
ALUMAG W 235
alloyed wire for welding all common

wrought and cast aluminium alloys, e.g.
which must be resistant to seawater

and high tension, and also where high
shielding gas.
As the aluminium wire is quite soft,
torch cables of more than 3 m length

thoroughly. Use a stainless steel brush,
not an ordinary steel brush which will
rub iron oxides into the aluminium
be allowed to cool slowly after being

welded.
3.03
236
ABRATECH-W-230 (On Request Basis)
Description:
Self –Shielded Flux Cored Wire for Hard Surfacing
Classifications
DIN 8555
Type of current
Welding positions
PA PC
Shielding gas
No shielding gas
required
Materials
to be welded
Chemical composition as
C Mn Si Cr B
welded (W%)
1 26
Mechanical
Hardness
properties as
HRC
welded
60
3.03
Welding data
10 mm 6.3 7
Packaging data
1.6 300 x 100
237
ABRATECH-W-230 (On Request Basis)
General information
with excellent resistance to abrasive
carbides in an austenitic matrix.
welds should be removed using
Feeder screws
Ce <0.2
Ce
Ce
is no need for shielding gas because
Weld using a small weaving motion

from side to side. The required
hardness is obtained in one layer.
There is no slag to be removed after 3.03
welding.
hardness at regular intervals without
material.
Areas of application:
Protection of surfaces subject to
extreme wear and abrasion caused by
dredgers and cement carriers facing

heavy abrasion combined with medium
238
3.03
239
GAS WELDING RODS AND FLUXES
Introduction
3.04
240
Introduction
Regulator
material. Flashback
arrestors
Cylinder
Hoses
Welding
Filler rod attachment Shank
Flashback arrestors
Filler rod Welding

attachment
Weld
We distinguish between two different
and Rightward welding.
For material thickness above 3.2 mm

3.04
Rightward welding.
Rods for gas welding
for convenient use. The label on each
and also gives rod data and basic
and use.
241
The neutral flame The oxidising flame
extends only a short distance from the
is used for heating, cutting and for most

steel welding work. and is used for welding cast iron, brass,
The carburizing flame
acetylene, and is recognised by a
is less bright and more white in colour

than the inner cone, but is considerably
only slightly for Oxygen, obtaining a
Oxygen (and if necessary reducing the
twice as long as the inner cone. This

3.04
is used for welding of aluminum and
aluminum alloys, and for soft soldering.
242
MS 200
Description:
alloyed structural steel with a carbon content of less
Identification:
Classifications
AWS / A 5.2 EN 12536 BS 1453 DIN 8554
R 60 OII A2 61121
Flame setting
Neutral
Flux
Materials R St 37.2, U St 37.2, St 37.3

to be welded
C Si Mn S P Fe
approx. (%)
0.1 1.0 0.030 0.030 Rest
Tensile Yield Elongation Impact value ISO-V
3.04 strength MPa strength MPa % (J)
300 20
Packaging data
Diameter Length Rods Net weight per Product No.
mm. mm. per package package kg per package
2.0 280
3.0
243
MS 200
welding of unalloyed and low alloyed

structural steel. It can be used for
welding thin as well as heavier sheets.
Select the diameter of the wire
according to the thickness of the
In general, gas welding of unalloyed

steel is suitable for thin sheets and
thickness does not exceed 6 mm.

For larger dimensions it may be
advantageous to use electric arc
welding with coated electrodes.
welding, having a viscosity that makes
mm thick should be welded with the
Rightward welding
welding rods have a high silicium 3.04
vice versa.
244
ALUMAG 235
Description:
for all cast alloys containing magnesium as the main

alloying element.
Identification:
Classifications
Flame setting
Slight
acetylene
Flux

to be welded
(generally all cast alloys containing magnesium as main alloying element).
Chemical
Mn Ti Mg Cr AI
3.04 composition
approx. (%) Rest
Tensile Yield Elongation Melting range
strength MPa strength MPa % °C
110 17
Packaging data
Diameter Length Rods Net weight per Product No.
3
245
ALUMAG 235
aluminum and cast aluminium.

thoroughly. Use a stainless steel brush,
not an ordinary steel brush which
will rub iron oxides into the aluminum
to cool slowly after being welded.
Gas welding
excess of acetylene is used, together
reduces oxides and counteracts
corrosive on aluminum and should be

removed immediately after welding, by
scrubbing with hot water.
TIG (GTAW) welding

3.04
required to break the oxide layer on the

aluminium surface.
contaminated. Therefore, always
246
ALUFLUX 234 F
Description:
Identification:
Application
HARMFUL R22 Harmful if swallowed
adverse effects in the aquatic environment
S13
S22
S60
Packaging data
Gross weight in grams Product No.
3.04
247
BRAZING RODS AND FLUXES
Introduction
Cast Iron 237

261
263
267
268
270
271
272
Cast Iron Flux 236 F 273
3.05
248
Introduction
alloy
we obtain a surface alloying.
Welding is a chemical bonding which is not melted, but brought to the

involves structural changes in the
base material.
surface must be cleaned.
and bind to the surface
bonding.
3.05
249
the method is termed Soldering. If the
joints.
Brazing Methods
Soldering
Parallel surfaces with minimal

that used in gas welding.
Typical Capillary/Silver brazing joints. Note that they all utilise capillary action.
3.05
250
have been selected with versatility and have been selected to ensure the
ease of use in mind. In the industry
use with the Unitor alloys, either as
certain advantages with regard to
can be reduced without reduction of

lengths, which is a suitable length if
unnecessary bending of the rod shall
in the coating, excessive bending

should be avoided to ensure that the
coating remains undamaged. It is
drinking water or food.
rods may therefore safely be used as
onboard. Each alloy has been selected the contents, and also gives basic
This reduces the number of alloys
3.05
251
3.05
252
BRONZE 264
Description:
alloys, nickel and nickel alloys. It gives a very smooth
Identification:
Classifications
AWS A5.8 EN 1044 BS 1453/1845 DIIN851133 Werkstoff. No.
Type of joint
Classification
Flame setting
Neutral or
slight oxygen
Flame setting
Working temperature °C Melting range °C
Flux
Cu Mn Si Sn AI Ni Zn
approx. (%)
60 0.6 0.01 Rest
3.05 Mechanical
Tensile Yield Elongation Hardness Melting range
properties
strength MPa strength MPa % HB °C
– 100
Packaging data
Diameter Length Quantity Net weight per Product No.
3 1.7
253
BRONZE 264
welding steel, cast iron, malleable
and Cunifer.
Cast iron joint surfaces must be
clean and bright (i.e. cleaned off with
chemicals. Clean off burr, round off
is easier than ordinary welding and
tough, strong joint.
cleaning of the joint surfaces, good
Remove inside burr.
welding neck, or you may overheat
with a slight excess of oxygen

(oxidising).
to the rod and joint edges. Check the
from the rod on the joint surface and

move the torch in a circle around the 3.05
technique.
water.
254
FC BRONZE 261
Description:
Identification:
Classifications
NF A 81-362 ISO 3677
Type of joint
Classification
Flame setting
Neutral or
slight oxygen
Flame setting
Working temperature °C Solidus-Liquidus °C
Flux
Cu Mn Sn Ag Zn
approx. (%)
60 0.3 0.1 1 Rest
3.05 Mechanical
Tensile strength Hardness
properties Elongation %
MPa HB
30
Packaging data
2 1
3 32 1
255
FC BRONZE 261
Description and uses
steel.
the base metal, due to the low melting
the edges and clean thoroughly. Paint
surfaces.
the rod again. 10mm

3.05
256
FC WEARBRO 262
Description:
cast iron.
Identification:
Classifications
ISO 3677
Type of joint
Classification
Flame setting
Neutral or
slight oxygen
Flame setting
Flux
Cu Ni Zn
approx. (%)
10 Rest
3.05 Mechanical
Tensile strength Elongation Hardness
properties
MPa % HB
Packaging data
3 33 1
13 1.1
257
FC WEARBRO 262
cast iron and malleable iron. The metal
and easily machineable. It has a low
resistant.
strain, e.g. gear wheels, cams of all
and toughness, it is also suitable for
The surface must be cleaned down to

bare metal and rough edges rounded
area to be surfaced. In the case of
of oxygen (oxidising) and heat the

area where work is to commence
the rod to the surface and melt off a
3.05
overheating. Powder residue must be
surface is easily machined.
258
CAST IRON 237
Description:
Rod for joining and surfacing cast iron and gas welding
welded with Cast Iron 237.
Identification:
Classifications
Type of joint
Classification
Flame setting
Slight oxygen
Flame setting
1170
Flux
C Si Mn P Fe
approx. (%)
3.3 3.0 0.6 Rest
Mechanical
Tensile strength Hardness
properties
MPa HB
3.05
200
Packaging data
1.1
259
CAST IRON 237

welding cast iron, malleable iron and
work with, has high tensile strength

and the structure and colour of cast
method – gas welding or arc welding
As a general rule, gas welding is
welding (cold welding) on larger, more

gear wheels
and any casting skin removed. Round
is usual to drill a hole at the end of the
3.05
the seam, melt off a new globule and
cool slowly in diatomite or dry sand.
260
AG 45 253
Description:
Identification:
Classifications
ISO 3677 DIN 8513
Type of joint
Classification
Flame setting
Neutral.
Flame setting
730
Flux
Chemical
Cu Ag Zn
composition
approx. (%) 30 Rest
3.05
Mechanical
properties
MPa % HB
20 130
Packaging data
2.0 28
261
AG 45 253
metal.
and good mating of joint faces is to a lathe tool

essential to obtain the required.
The joint faces must be cleaned
is essential to coat the surfaces with
3.05
has melted. Too much heat may give
water and a steel wire brush.
surfaces 0.1 mm. Coat joint surfaces
262
AG 60 252
Description:
Identification:
Classifications
ISO 3677 DIN 8513
Type of joint
Flame setting
Neutral.
Flame setting
630–660
Flux
3.05 Chemical
Cu Ag Sn Zn
composition
approx. (%) 21 Rest
MPa % HB
130
Packaging data
2.0
263
AG 60 252
suitable for joints requiring high

corrosion resistance and strength.
residue should be cleaned off with hot

with the same degree of corrosion water and a steel wire brush.
of joint on Yorcalbro
of the joint surfaces is essential.
surfaces should not exceed 0.1mm.
the joint surfaces must also be coated
Brazing a patch on a pitted pipe.
Clean the contact surfaces thoroughly,

3.05
be larger than necessary, otherwise
For Yorcalbro use Albro Flux 263 PF
264
TIN 241 AG
Description:
Flux cored lead free silver alloyed soft solder wire on
electrical connections, electrical instruments,
Identification:
Classifications
DIN EN 61190
Type of joint
Flame setting
Preferably use soldering
Flame setting
Working temperature °C Melting range °C
230 217
Flux
Chemical
composition Sn Ag Cu
3.05 approx. (%) 3.8 0.7
Tensile strength
MPa
Packaging data
– –
265
TIN 241 AG
of materials having an oxide surface
The surfaces must be clean and free
or a soldering iron. A soldering iron is

recommended, but if a welding torch
so that it travels through the metal
Heat indirectly when using a

welding torch.
3.05
266
Fluxes for Brazing
• It must dissolve oxides
new oxide skin

• It must reduce the surface tension
• It must act as a heat indicator

• It must remain active for a time at
burning.
with distilled water or methylated
contamination.
ventilation is necessary wherever
3.05
indicator and shows when the correct
reached.
removed by rinsing in clean water and

brushing.
Fluxes for welding are dealt with in
267
BRONZE FLUX 261 PF
Description:
Identification:
Application
Toxicity R60
HARMFUL
R61
In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice
Packaging data
3.05
268
WEARBRO FLUX 262 PF
Description:
Identification:
Application
Toxicity R60
HARMFUL
R61
Packaging data
3.05
269
AG 60/45 FLUX 252 PF
Description:
Identification:
Application
Toxicity R60
R61
Also toxic if swallowed
Causes burns
S26
and seek medical advice
Packaging data
3.05
270
AG 45/60 BRAZING FLUX BAF
Description:
Identification:
Application
Toxicity R61
S26
advice
In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label
Packaging data
3.05
271
ALBRO FLUX 263 PF
Description:
Identification:
Application
Contents
Toxicity
through inhalation and if swallowed
the aquatic environment

S2
S23
S26
and seek medical advice
S36
If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this
container or label
Packaging data
3.05
272
CAST IRON FLUX 236 F
Description:
Identification:
Application
HARMFUL R60
R61
Also toxic if swallowed
Causes burns
Packaging data
3.05
273
COLD REPAIR COMPOUNDS
Introduction
277
278
280
Product overview 281
283
287
Aquagrade Rebuild
Ceramigrade Rebuild 302
Rubbergrade 6 Rebuild 308

Rubbergrade 6 Remould 311
3.06
274
Introduction
excellent chemical resistance and
in many environments including

seawater, hydrocarbons, oils and a
technology which is the result of many very wide range of chemical solutions.
materials for use on rubber as well as

and extend the various welding and
Typical application areas:

Where there is a need for
emergency repairs.
acetylene or electricity. The energy
and is released when mixing the base

and activator. The curing time is down
to a few minutes for several of the
Where hot work like welding is not

permitted due to fire / explosion
hazard.
3.06
Where the base material is not

weldable.
Certain casted metal alloys are not
weldable due to their chemistry.
275
knowledge is not available. If the base

material is so corroded that there is
Where distortion of base material is

unacceptable.
Where there is restricted space.
injected through small diameter holes.
Where specific properties are

required.
resistance and wear resistant
surfaces that are worn are also
overlays.
Where you need non-metal repairs.
3.06
276
How do Cold Repairs work?

chemical reactions between resin
The adhesion to the base material
or outside energy.
Since it is mostly a mechanical
material is thus of no concern.
from the chemical reaction between

a large number of much smaller
molecules.
Provided that these small molecules
chain building fashion to yield long
In the uncombined state ,the reactive
on account of their relatively small

3.06 the chemical reaction or “cure”
chain increases until ultimately the

material becomes a solid.
277
How to prepare the surface

Heavy contamination due to oil or
grease must be removed using a
cleaner. Remove all loose rust and
surface coatings.
or angle grinder may also be used.

If grinding, make sure the surface is
abrading tool.
medium should be angular grit. Parts

which have been salt or chemically
by hot air overnight to sweat out the Abrading tool for rubber.
contamination. Remove contamination
surface. Parts which should not Use release agent on the

threads of a bolt.
with a release agent.
Roughening increases the

surface area and gives a structure that contaminants
better ”key”. 3.06
278
How to apply the product

Application should be carried out as soon as possible after surface
preparation is completed, otherwise oxidation can take place. Do not apply
product when relative humidity exceeds 85% nor when surface is less than
3 °C above the dew point.
NB: The work site temperature must be above 5°C (40°F) in order for the
polymer chemical reaction to take place.
quantities accurately in line with the

instructions on the data sheet. If a
streak free. Paste materials should
the heat and slow down the curing

reaction. This will also remove any
grade materials can be mixed together

in the base container.
surface, working it down in cracks and
like oil and water.

After securing the surface, add more
height. In order to add further strength

3.06
required thickness and cover it with
Press on a thin layer
279
POLYMER COLD REPAIR KIT-A
Unitor Cold Repair System for High Performance Repairs

Product no.
106-659300
weldable materials.
resin technology which is the result of
materials for use on rubber as well as
The complete basic package

is available in a handy kit. Each
resistance and are suitable for

The kits consists of:
environments including sea water,
hydrocarbons, oils and a very wide
range of chemical solutions.
3.06
and extend the various welding and
1 set Aquagrade Rebuild
1 set Ceramigrade Rebuild
available.
1 set Rubbergrade 6 Rebuild

1 set Rubbergrade 6 Remould
280
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
Repair Set
Name Description Set weight kg Product no.
Leak Stop
Pipe repair Sets which is activated by immersion in water. Ideal for
Leak Stop I Set 0.16 kg 100-630384
Leak Stop II Set 0.23 kg 100-606006
Leak Stop III Set 0.33 kg 100-630392

Metalgrade
Ready Stick Set
0.86 kg 101-659227
Metalgrade
Express Set
containers. Used wherever there is an emergency and
101-659235
Metalgrade
Rebuild Set
1.10 kg 101-659243
3.06 Metalgrade
Hi Temp Set
voids in cast iron, steel and stainless steel

101-663427
Aquagrade
Rebuild Set
water. Preferably mix above water.
104-659250
281
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
Name Description Set weight kg Product no.
Ceramigrade
Rebuild Set excellent resistance to cavitation and erosion found
1.00 kg 102-659268
Ceramigrade
Liner Set
102-659276
Rubbergrade 6
Rebuild Set
hoses, gaskets, electric cables etc.

103-659284
Rubbergrade 6
Remould Set
metallic surfaces.
103-659292
3.06
282
LEAK STOP
Product specification sheet – Leak Stop
Product
Product name/
Description Kit consists of: Application
Product No./Kit weight
Identification
Application data
Mixing ratio Pot life (mins) (working life)
2–3 minutes
with water before use
Recommended Temperature Limits For Application 5 °C to 30 °C/40 °F–100 °F

Curing time
Curing times in minutes at ambient temperature 20 °C (68 °F)
Initial setting
Full mechanical strength 30
Technical data
Values are determined after 48 hours at 20 °C (68 °F)
Phys / Mec 2
properties
3.06 Tensile Strength 2
2
Flexural Strength
Service temperatures
Dry heat Minimum temp.
Chemical resistance
Health and Safety
283
LEAK STOP
Leak Stop Repair Tape
which is activated by immersion in
1. Surface preparation
Rough score surface
oil, grease, loose rust scale, sealant
Leak Stop works best on a rough
by rust, remove the loose scale. If the
stainless, you must roughen the area
release must be removed.

Abrade surfaces with a coarse grit
be used to create a cross hatch
3.06
2. Mixing
Position over leak site
the hands.
Leak
Stop Repair Tape, submerge the roll
284
LEAK STOP
3. Application
observe resin foam coming through
second roll if necessary.
Wet gloves, smooth out

longer tacky.
4. Cleaning
substance showing throught the 5. Health and safety

resins.
used.
A fully detailed Material Safety Data
Sheet is included with the set.
3.06
instruction for use sheet is intended
as a general guide only. Users should
their own tests.
285
LEAK STOP
Leak Stop I
100-630384
Nominal Number of
Pipe Size Leak Stop I rolls
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 2
1 1 3
2 2 3
Leak Stop II
100-606006
Leak Stop III

100-630392
Nominal Number of
Pipe Size Leak Stop III rolls
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1
1
1 3.06
1
8” (200 mm)
12” (300 mm)
286
METALGRADE READY-STICK
Product specification sheet – Metalgrade Ready-Stick

Product PRODUCT NAME PRODUCT NO KIT CONSISTS OF
Description
Product No 101-659227
3 x 120 g Putty Activator
one carton box set
Identification Activator Component Pot life (mins) (working life)

Colour Colour
Putty Putty
Application data Mixing Ratio Mixing Ratio Pot Life (mins)

Volume Weight (Working Life)
Activator Activator
1 1 1 1 30 20 12 10
Curing time
Curing Times in minutes
80 60 30 28 26 20
180 120 70 60 60
8 days 7 days 6 days 3 days 2 days 2 days 1 day
Full Chemical Resistance 8 days 7 days 3 days
Technical data Density g/cm3 Volume Solids Volume Capacity Slump Resistance
Activator
100 Excellent
Phys/Mec
Properties
Tensile Shear Adhesion
Abrasion Resistance
3.06
Corrosion Resistance
80
2
Service temperatures Dry heat Wet heat Minimum temp
Chemical resistance
Manufactured under a quality program certified to ISO 9002

Health and Safety
287
MetalGrade Ready-Stick is a two 2. Mixing
be mixed. This should be broken off or
sleeve immediately after use. The
thoroughly mixed by hand kneading
A) Remove all contamination (oil, uniform black colour.

grease and dirt) with a cleaner.
coatings.
with abrasive blasting. Alternatively

a die grinder, needle scaler or angle
grinder may be used. If grinding make
sure the surface is roughened, not
gunning is used, the surface should be
Activator sticks
with a cleaner. Cloths should be
3.06
cleaner should be worked into the
surface by brush and washed off using
excess cleaner.
bearing surfaces) which must
but which should not adhere to
coated with a release agent. Thoroughly mix by hand kneading until

streak free
288
3. Application
the material into any cracks or surface

defects.
When MetalGrade Ready-Stick is
and the MetalGrade Ready-Stick is
4. Machining
Once the MetalGrade Ready-Stick has
cured for the minimum time indicated
grinding and machining etc. can be

carried out using standard engineering
5. Cleaning
a cleaner. Failure to follow this
6. Health and safety
3.06
can be safely used. A fully detailed
in this Instruction for use sheet is

intended as a general guide only.
Users should determined the suitability
289
METALGRADE EXPRESS
Product specification sheet – Metalgrade Express

Description
in one 1 Roll reinforcement bandage
Identification Activator Component Base Component

Colour Colour
Paste Paste
Activator Activator
1 1 1 8 3 2 1
Curing time
8 7 6 3 2 2
20 10
300 120 80 70 60
Full Chemical Resistance 7 days 3 days 2 days 2 days 1 day 1 day
Activator
1.6 1.8 1.7 100 Excellent
Phys/Mec
Properties
Flexural Strength
78 3.06
Hardness (Rockwell R) 100
Surface Resistivity
Service Dry heat Wet heat Minimum temp

temperatures
Chemical
resistance
Health and Safety
290
METALGRADE EXPRESS
MetalGrade Express is a two 2. Mixing
be mixed.
3. Application
A) Remove all contamination (oil,
coatings.

3.06
should be worked into the surface by
brush and washed off using excess
cleaner.

MetalGrade Express must be coated Worn bearing housing
291
METALGRADE EXPRESS
material into any cracks and surface 6. Health and safety

defect.
observed MetalGrade Express can be
MetalGrade Express, or the bandage

should be laid over the surface of the in this Instruction for use sheet is
MetalGrade Express intended as a general guide only.
the surface. Additional MetalGrade Users should determined the suitability
Express
the surface.
Once the MetalGrade Express has
reached initial set the material can be
release agent.
When MetalGrade Express is being
flow
and the MetalGrade Express is set.
4. Machining
Once the MetalGrade Express has

5. Cleaning 3.06
IMMEDIATELY after each use with
a Cleaner. Failure to follow this
292
METALGRADE REBUILD
Product specification sheet – Metalgrade Rebuild

Description
in one 1 Roll reinforcement bandage

Colour Colour
Paste Paste
Activator Activator
1 2 1 20 18 13 12 10 6
Curing time
30 20
100 70 60
8 days 6 days 3 days 3 days
Full Chemical Resistance 10 days 7 days 3 days 2 days
Activator
1.7 100 Excellent
Phys/Mec
Properties
Flexural Strength
3.06 Corrosion Resistance
80
Hardness (Rockwell R) 100
Excellent
Chemical resistance

Health and Safety
293
METALGRADE REBUILD
MetalGrade Rebuild is a dual but which should not adhere to

MetalGrade Rebuild must be coated
2. Mixing
keyways, scored hydraulic rams etc.
1. Surface preparation immediately after use. The two


coatings.


Hole in metal casing
with a cleaner. Cloths should be 3.06

cleaner.
bearing surfaces) which must remain
294
METALGRADE REBUILD
3. Application
material into any cracks and surface observed MetalGrade Rebuild can be
defect.
in this Instruction for use sheet is

intended as a general guide only.
MetalGrade Rebuild, or the bandage
Users should determined the suitability
should be laid over the surface of the
MetalGrade Rebuild
the surface. Additional MetalGrade
Rebuild
the surface.
Once the MetalGrade Rebuild has
reached initial set the material can be
release agent.
When MetalGrade Rebuild is being
flow
and the MetalGrade Rebuild is set.
4. Machining Flange rebuilt

Once the MetalGrade Rebuild has

3.06 carried out using standard engineering
5. Cleaning
IMMEDIATELY after each use with a

cleaner. Failure to follow this
295
METALGRADE HI-TEMP
Product specification sheet – Hi-Temp

Product
PRODUCT NAME PRODUCT NO KIT CONSISTS OF APPLICATION
Description
Product No 101-663427 For use on high
working data sheet
Identification
Application data
Mixing ratio Pot life (mins) (working life)
Best applied when the ambient temperature is: 7 °C to 35 °C/45 °F–95 °F

Curing time
Option 1)
Option 2)
Technical data 3
Phys / Mec
properties 8x
Shear Strength
3.06
Service
temperatures
Chemical
resistance
Health and Safety
296
METALGRADE HI-TEMP
Metal Grade Hi-Temp

bearing surfaces) which must remain
formulated using the most advanced which should not adhere to Hi-Temp
inorganic resin technology and is must be coated with a release agent.
Hi-Temp is used to seal 2. Mixing

joints, defects, cracks and voids in Hi-Temp
cast iron, steel and stainless steel.
Hi-Temp should not be used on make sure content is mixed thoroughly
aluminium or aluminium alloys.
1. Surface preparation a clean working surface.

grease should be removed using 3. Application
a cleaner. Abrasive blasting is the

grease and dirt) with a cleaner. working the material into any cracks
and surface defects. Hi-Temp can be
coatings.
with abrasive blasting. Alternatively,

grinder may be used. If grinding, make
3.06
cleaner should be worked into the

surface with a brush and washed off
using excess cleaner. If embedded
they should be burned out at high

incinerators, manifolds, stacks, heat
exchangers and turbines.
297
METALGRADE HI-TEMP
When used on heavy sections and
Hi-Temp
an aqueous solution. The water must
and bubble. It is also recommended
Hi-Temp
second coating of Hi-Temp to cover second layer

the screen.
4. Machining 6. Health and safety

When the material is fully cured for a Hi-Temp can be safely used as long as
sanding, grinding and machining etc.

can be carried out using standard
Hi-Temp exhibit
high thermal conductivity as well as
excellent resistance to abrasives, Instructions for Use sheet is intended 3.06
fuels, oils and solvents. as a general guide only. Users should
5. Cleaning
their own tests.
In uncured state Hi-Temp is cleaned
298
AQUAGRADE REBUILD
Product specification sheet – Aquagrade Rebuild

Description
Aquagrade Rebuild
in one

Colour Colour
Paste Paste White

Activator Activator
1 1 1 1 20 20
Curing time
360 120 80 80 70 60
360 300 180 180 120

10 days 8 days 7 days 7 days 7 days 6 days
Full Chemical Resistance 16 days 12 days 10 days 8 days 8 days 7 days 7 days 6 days
Activator
1.7 1.6 100
Phys/Mec
Properties
Abrasion Resistance
3.06
2
Chemical resistance

Health and Safety
299
AQUAGRADE REBUILD
AquaGrade Rebuild is a two

wet surface
and underwater repair
streak free and a uniform colour is
tanks etc. 3. Application

AquaGrade Rebuild is designed to be
or underwater in both fresh and salt

water. material into any cracks and surface

coatings.
with abrasive blasting to SA2.

Alternatively a die grinder, needle
scaler or angle grinder may be used.
If grinding make sure the surface
grinding or needle gunning is used,

the surface should be cross scored to 3.06
2. Mixing
and Activator containers from the
indicated.
300
AQUAGRADE REBUILD
in the same manner as above water.
4. Machining
Once the AquaGrade Rebuild has
and grinding can be carried out using
5. Cleaning

observed AquaGrade Rebuild can be
this Instruction sheet is intended as

a general guide only. Users should
determined the suitability of the
3.06
301
CERAMIGRADE REBUILD
Product specification sheet – Ceramigrade Rebuild

Description
Ceramigrade Rebuild
in one

Colour Colour
Paste Off White Paste

Activator Activator
1 1 18 12 10 10 8 6
Curing time
80 60 30 20 10
180 120 60 60
Full Chemical Resistance 8 days 7 days 7 days 6 days 3 days
Activator 10 mm thickness
1.8 1.8 1.8 100
Phys/Mec
Properties
Abrasion Resistance
Corrosion Resistance 3.06
80
2

temperatures
Chemical
resistance
Health and Safety
302
CERAMIGRADE REBUILD
CeramiGrade Rebuild is a two E) To ensure that all contamination is
valves etc.
1. Surface preparation brush and washed off using excess
Heavy contamination due to oil or cleaner.

CeramiGrade Rebuild must be coated
CeramiGrade Rebuild, or the bandage

should be laid over the surface of the
CeramiGrade Rebuild
the surface. Additional CeramiGrade
Rebuild
the surface.
Cavitation in housing
coatings.

3.06 scaler or angle grinder may be used.

the surface should be cross scored to
Rebuilding end covers

sweat out the salt contamination, then
eliminated.
303
CERAMIGRADE REBUILD
2. Mixing 5. Cleaning
and Activator containers from the IMMEDIATELY after each use with
immediately after use. The two

a uniform colour is achieved, using the are observed CeramiGrade Rebuild

3. Application
in this Instruction sheet is intended
as a general guide only. Users
should determined the suitability of
material into any cracks and surface

defect. Once the CeramiGrade Rebuild
has reached initial set the material can
with release agent.

When CeramiGrade Rebuild is
and the CeramiGrade Rebuild is
coat is required, this should be done
4. Machining 3.06
Once the CeramiGrade Rebuild has

304
CERAMIGRADE LINER
Product specification sheet – Ceramigrade Liner

Description
in one

Colour Colour

Activator Activator
1 1 30 20 13 10
Curing time
300 210 180 180 130 120
360 300 270 210 180

Full Chemical Resistance 20 days 10 days 7 days 3 days
Activator 2 mm thickness
1.0 1.67 100
Phys/Mec
Properties
Abrasion Resistance
3.06 Corrosion Resistance
80
2
Chemical resistance

Health and Safety
305
CERAMIGRADE LINER
CeramiGrade Liner is a two


CeramiGrade Liner must be coated
valves etc. with a release agent.
1. Surface preparation 2. Mixing

grease must be removed using a and Activator containers from the

grease and dirt) with a Cleaner.
coatings.

scaler or angle grinder may be used.

the surface should be cross scored to
sweat out the salt contamination,

3.06
is eliminated.
E) To ensure that all contamination is

cleaner.
306
CERAMIGRADE REBUILD
immediately after use. The two 6. Health and safety
observed CeramiGrade Liner can be

a uniform colour is achieved, using
it sets. this Instruction sheet is intended as

a general guide only. Users should
3. Application determined the suitability of the

defect. Once the CeramiGrade Liner
has reached initial set the material can
with release agent.

When CeramiGrade Liner is used to
flow through
CeramiGrade Liner is set. Any leaking
When a second coat is required, this
4. Machining
Once the CeramiGrade Liner has

3.06
5. Cleaning valve surface

307
RUBBERGRADE 6 REBUILD
Product specification sheet – Rubbergrade 6 Rebuild

Description
Rubbergrade 6 Rebuild
Rubbergrade 6 Rebuild
1 Pair of gloves
in one
Colour Colour
Paste

Activator Activator
10 10 8 8 7 6
Curing time
60 20
180 180 120

Full Chemical Resistance 18 days 12 days 12 days 8 days 7 days 7 days
Activator
1.2 100 Excellent
Phys/Mec Tensile Strength

Properties
Elongation
Hardness (Shore A)
3.06
Surface Resistivity

temperatures
Chemical
resistance
Health and Safety
308
RubberGrade 6 Rebuild is a two
3. Application
grease must be removed using a material into any cracks and surface
cleaner. Any areas of frayed or
fragmented rubber should be cut away
Rubber surfaces are best roughened
All surfaces MUST be dry.
a cleaner.
and castings where one surface is
6 Rebuild, these surfaces should be

treated with a release agent.
2. Mixing
aluminium outer foil by cutting along

the lines indicated. Take care not to
3.06
now ready to be mixed.
being mixed.
Ensure there is no unmixed material
there is, ease them out of the corners
309
4. Machining
5. Cleaning

3.06
310
RUBBERGRADE 6 REMOULD
Product specification sheet – Rubbergrade 6 Remould

Description
Rubbergrade 6 Remould Product No 103-659292
Rubbergrade 6 Remould
1 Pair of gloves
in one

Colour Colour

Activator Activator
10 10 8 8 7 6
Curing time
60 20
180 180 120

Full Chemical Resistance 18 days 12 days 12 days 8 days 7 days 7 days
Activator
1.2 100
Phys/Mec Tensile Strength

Properties
Tear Strength
Elongation
3.06 Hardness (Shore A)
Surface Resistivity
Chemical resistance

Health and Safety
311
RubberGrade 6 ReMould is a two Ensure there is no unmixed material
there is, ease them out of the corners
RubberGrade 6 ReMould onto the

cleaner. Any areas of frayed or
fragmented rubber should be cut away
Rubber surfaces are best roughened
All surfaces MUST be dry.
a cleaner.
and castings where one surface is

not required to bond to RubberGrade
6 ReMould, these surfaces should be
treated with release agent.
2. Mixing Castings of shock absorbers
aluminium outer foil by cutting along

the lines indicated. Take care not to
3.06
now ready to be mixed.
being mixed.
312
3. Application
4. Machining
Once the RubberGrade 6 ReMould has
Hatch cover seals
5. Cleaning

observed RubberGrade 6 ReMould


3.06
313
3.06
314
ARC PROCESSES & EQUIPMENT
Electrode welding & gouging 317

366
Wire welding 386
Plasma cutting & gouging
4.01
315
ELECTRODE WELDING AND GOUGING
Introduction 317
320
Power source characteristics 321
323
328
331
333
Primary extension cables

Secondary cables
Safe & Secure Welding Cable Connection Assembly
Accessories
Welding techniques
Electrodes for welding & gouging

Air Carbon arc gouging 362
4.01
316
Introduction
Initially manual metal arc welding was done with bare metal electrodes without
electrode holder.
4.01
317
To establish an arc for welding and cutting, an electric circuit is required,
required to ensure good welding conditions and avoid accidents by unintended
used for cutting.
Practical setup
Welding machine
Return cable
Welding
cable
Electrode
holder
Electrode
Arc
4.01
Welding current
318
AC as welding current
sources are transformers that reduce welding. To avoid the dangers the
electric shock, several countries have

current), still delivering AC to the issued regulations on how smooth
welding arc. As the AC actually is
for AC will be usable with welding devices. These requirements should

transformers. be observed when installing welding
Where burns are the main danger
Authorities in several countries have
welding of aluminium, as the back
welding the Wire Welding Process
welding which offers several

4.01
DC as welding current
commonly used current for welding AC current cycling from one direction
319
Basic principles
Manual Metal Arc welding
and AC.
are restrictions on alternating current
and can harm vital organs if the body
thereby bombard the base material Coating
the heat accumulating in the base

material. Connecting the electrode Core rod
Shielding smoke
Travel
is to take alternating current from
the mains and bring the high voltage
down to a suitable working voltage.
–
4.01
electrons electrons electrons
– –
AC
Alternating current
320
Power source characteristics

characteristic with very little current
variation is best. For Air Carbon Arc
voltage, it shall also automatically
adjust these values as conditions in with more current variation and high
the welding arc changes. A quick
Welding with coated electrodes needs
characteristics between these two.
have adjustable characteristics to

When welding with electrodes with enable the welder to choose exactly
the characteristic suited for the job at
circuits will constantly occur in the
arc. As the short circuit starts, a
Constant voltage characteristic (CV)
machine adjusts to the short circuit This characteristic is used only for the
condition. When the short circuit is
Excessive height or duration of these used.
a constant arc voltage by increasing

faults.
characteristic curve will therefore be

in the dynamic characteristic of the
machine. This characteristic is required for gas
metal arc welding in the short arc
range, and will also offer advantages
characteristic of the machine. The two
are constant current (CC) and constant
Constant current characteristic (CC)

4.01
constant, with variations within a

narrow range when the arc length,
and thereby the arc voltage, increases
variation range is different for different
321
Constant Current characteristic (ACA)
current (within limits) when the

arc length shortens.
Constant Voltage characteristic (CV)
For Wire Welding the ideal

characteristic is constant
voltage. It will reduce the
current if arc gets too long,
and allowing the welding

wire to be fed closer to the
gets too short the current
will increase, and normal arc

length will automatically be
established again.
4.01
322
Selecting power source

when choosing a welding machine for
voltage that exists for welding machines

used on board.
3. As welding is only one of many skills
necessary to achieve good results.
handle all the necessary welding jobs

that are needed on board.
arc welding) from the Unitor range, the
4.01
323
Selection guide, power sources:

UWI UWI UWI UWI UWW UWI 230TP
Unitor welding machine range 150TP 203TP 320TP 500TP 301TP AC/DC
dimensions of coated electrodes
Tungsten electrodes
Wire welding.
Weight kg. 12.2 18
Properties:
Choice of welding characteristic to suit all
adjustment during welding

Remote control of welding current by cable
during welding
4.01
Connection to mains:
the section dealing with welding cables.
324
UWI-150 TP Stick / TIG

Dual Process Welding Inverter
3,2mm, including Aluminum electrodes.
torch ensures full control during welding and
reduces weight and risk of corrosion.
Technical Data
Description Unit Property
A
A
30
6,2
4.01 Power factor 0,72
1
230
Recommended fuses (Slow) A 16

S,CE
23 S
Weight kg
mm 310
Width mm 120
Height mm
325
• Instruction manual
Units Product no.
191-150150
UWI-150 TP
Application set-up for Stick Electrode welding
UWI-150 TP as a manual electrode welding unit
3m Welding cable with quick connectors and
electrode holder and
3m return cable with quick connector and return
Optional Equipment
Units Product no.
Face shield with handle
196 619098
196 709485
196 633248
196 633255
196 633263
196 632786
Wire brush, steel, 2 rows, 196 632976
Wire brush, stainless steel, 2 rows, 196 632984
196 633008 4.01
196 632992
196 516161
191-150161
326
Application set-up for TIG welding
TIG welding Accessories for UWI-150 TP

Units Product no.
197 632794
197 150000
Remote control 197 607810
191 150151
197 510010
197 619379
197 597328
Flowcontrol needle valve for gas
197 597310
4.01
327
UWI-230 TP AC/DC Stick / TIG

•
welding fast and easy access to all locations onboard
•
•
the welder against electric shock
•
•
of alternating current
•
ability to weld thick material
•
•
•
•
•
Technical Data
A
A
10
6,2
Power factor 4.01
1
230
Recommended fuses (slow) A 16
Protection class IP 23S
CE
Height mm
mm
Width mm 230
Weight kg
328
Units Product no.
191-230231
UWI-230 TP AC/DC
Units Product no.

set 191-670406
195-594317
196-594325
191-670414
Welding gloves
196-709485
Wire brush steel, two rows.
191-764550
191-230233
191-230234

Units Product no.
197 632794
4.01
197 200000
197 607810
197 510010
197 597328
197 597310
cylinders 196 778149
329
4.01
330

•
• Automatic Hot Start for stick arc starts makes arc striking easy
like CH2 and electrodes for ACA gouging.

•
•
•
•
•
Technical Data
A
13
6.7
Power factor
3

CE
Height mm
mm
4.01 Width mm 230
Weight kg 12.2
Ordering Information: Product no.

191-203203
• 3 m welding cable with quick connector and electrode holder
331
UWI-203 TP
UWI-203 TP as a manual electrode welding unit
3m Welding cable with quick connectors and
electrode holder and 3m return cable with quick
Optional Equipment UWI-203 TP

Units Product no.
11 glass 196 619098
196 709485
196 633248
196 633255
196 633263
196 632786
Wire brush, steel, 2 rows, 196 632976
Wire brush, stainless steel, 2 rows, 196 632984
196 633008
196 632992
196 516161
191 764550
191-203205

Units Product no.
197 632794
197 200000
197 607810 4.01
197 510010
197 597328
adjustment 197 597310

196 778149
332

•
• Automatic Hot Start for stick arc starts makes arc striking easy and
like CH2 and electrodes for ACA gouging.

•
•
•
•
•
Technical Data
A
30
Power factor 0.77

3

CE
4.01 Height mm
mm
Width mm 230
Weight kg 18
Ordering Information: Unit Product no.

191-320320
• Instruction manual.
333
UWI-320 TP
Basic accessories kit for UWI-320 TP
Units Product no.
set 191-670406
Consisting of:
2
195-594317
2
196-594325
191-670414
Welding gloves
196-709485
Wire brush steel, two rows
191-764550
191-320323

Units Product no.
197 632794
197 200000
197 607810
197 510010 4.01

197 597328
adjustment 197 597310

196 778149
334
UWI-500 TP
Multi process welding inverter
•
•
•
Technical Data Ordering Information:

A
2
.
Instruction manual.
Power factor Unit Product no.
3
4.01 191-500500

CE
Height mm
mm 670
Width mm
Weight kg
335
UWI-500 TP
welding cables.
Stick Electrode accessories

Units Product no.
set 191-670406
Consisting of:
2
195-594317
2
196-594325
191-670414
Welding gloves 196 632786
196-709485
196 633008
Wire brush steel, two rows 196 632976
4.01
Miscellaneous
191-670422
196-500103
191-500505
336
UWI-500 TP
TIG welding accessories (Based on having Stick electrode accessories)

Units Product no.
197-200000
191-670414
197-607810
197-510010
197-597328
4.01 197-597310
mtr 176-576157
176-175596
401-768416
197-632794
176-778147
337
UWI-500 TP
Application set-up for Wire welding
and return cable.
Wire welding accessories (Based on having Stick electrode accessories)

Units Product no.
193-500102
193-607451
193-750179
2 197-510010
CO2 197-510012
197-597328 4.01
197-597310
mtr 176-576157
176-175596
401-768416
197-632794
197-778147
Argon or Argon CO2
338
Application set-up for Air Carbon Arc Gouging or Stick

Electrode welding using 2 x UWI-320 TP or
2 x UWI-500 TP in parallel
Electrode/return clamp assembly
Pos. Units Product no.

195-632893
195-632901
3 Conversion assembly 195-634121
195-633180
3 3
Electrode holder assembly 196-522680
6 6
6 Welding cable 70 mm2, m 195-183665

with safety connector
7 196-528703
with safety connector and air
4.01
339
Remote control assembly
Important:
machines must be switched on.

If only one machine is switched on
damage the other machine.
Pos. Product no.

1
connection cable 191-676973
2 191-670414
4.01
191-670422
radius. The extension cable can be connected into longer lengths if necessary.
340
4.01
341
Primary extension cables
voltage on the mains.
2
195-526343
UWI-150 TP, UWW-161 TP, UWI-230 TP AC/DC
2
– –
2
60 m – –
UWI-203 TP
2
– 300 m
2
– 80 m
UWI-320 TP/UWW-301 TP
2
60 m 200 m
2
100 m
4.01
UWI-320 TP/UWW-301 TP
2
–
2
6.0 mm – 100 m 100 m
10.0 mm2 –
342
Secondary cables
(welding and return cables)
the welding current which will be used and the total length of welding and return
cable which will be used in the welding circuit.
Cable Maximum welding current at varying

duty cycles Weight
Cross- kg per m.
Section 100% 60% 30%
2
70 mm2 0.78
2
1.03
As guideline, it should be noted that normal hand welding using coated stick
cable of four different cross sections is shown for increasing currents in the
4.01
343
should be noted that for AC current, the
– minus the conventional load voltage
cables lie across a steel deck. When The maximum length of welding cable
(total length from return cable and
characteristics suffer accordingly. electrode holder cable) for this voltage
The following table shows the section.

theoretical cable lengths relevant to
Cable Welding machine type

Current cross-
Section UWI-500 TP UWI-320 TP UWI-203 TP UWI-150
2
176 m
2
70 mm2 128 m
2
200 A
70 mm2 136 m
2
2
300 A 77 m
70 mm2 108 m
2
330 m 4.01
2
70 mm x)
2
x)
the distance from machine to welding area thereby doubled.
344
Unitor Welding Cable

Welding cables used on board, It may also be ordered in other lengths,
on deck or in an engine room, are without connectors mounted.
and mechanical wear. The welding Cable drum
cable. The crank may be disengaged

to avoid accidents when unwinding
intervals with the text “Unitor oil cable.
and the standard for welding cable Note that welding cables should
always be stretched out when used,
and excessive lengths should not be
drum or in a coil on deck will act as an

electromagnet when welding current
resistance in the welding circuit which
welding result. The electromagnetic

The cable is available in cross section
2 2
and 70 mm2, and
the coil.
Safety cable connectors.
Cable size comparison

mm2 mm2
3 26.7
2 33.6
1 107.2
Ordering information
Very Long Cable Length
10M 20M 50M (MOQ 1 = 100M & in
4.01 Max Amp
Weight multiples of 100M)
mm2 at 60% Duty UoM
kg/m
Cycle included w/safety connector without safety connector
Stock
195-175794 195-175786 195-175778 195-509009
195-175828 195-175810 195-175802 195-509013
70 0.78 195-183665 195-509015
50M without
safety connector
1.03 195-709017 195-719017
195-175729
345
Electrode holders, Cable connectors

and return clamp assemblies etc. are not used as a bridge for welding
current.
The Cable connectors

Cable connectors must be insulated in
considerable, equal to many meters of such a way that the danger of handling
additional cable, and the welding arc
will suffer accordingly (see section on
both to connected and unconnected
The Electrode holders and sockets attached to cables, even

Unitor’s fully insulated electrode holders if they should come into occasional
contact with salt water. There must be
good contact and little resistance at the
arrangement for the electrodes. The contact areas and at the welding cable
connections to the connectors. Unitor
Safety cable connectors meet these
electrode holder available, the 200A,
contact area ensuring good contact
carefully assembled, the connectors are

The return connection
The return connector must be
The connectors may be used on cable
contact for the welding current load to
welding current.
fully insulated and are therefore not

recommended as cable connectors
hull. The thickness of material between
connectors are available. 4.01

that is to be used. Think carefully before
346
Safe & Secure Welding Cable Connection Assembly
1 2
WELDING INVERTER CONVERSION ASSEM.
POWER SOURCE 2 PCS
ACCESSORIES
3a 3b
4.01
CABLE CONNE. SAFETY COMPL CABLE DRUM W/CRANK
347
3 4
WELDING CABLE XXMM2 EL.HOLDER 400A
YY METER LENGTH (2 SETS), W/SAFETY CONNECTOR
4
RETURN CLAMP
ASSY 400 A W/SAFETY
Product No. 633180
Very Long Cable Length

10M 20M 50M (MOQ 1 = 100M, & in
Max Amp, A multiples of 100M)
Weight
mm2 @ 60% Duty UoM
kg/m
Cycle included w/safety connector without safety connector
Stock
35
50
70 0.78 4.01
50M
without
safety
connector
95 1.03
2
348
Electrode holder assemblies

Electrode holder assembly
2
Product no. 196-627877
UWW 161 TP

2

2
4.01 Electrode holder assembly

2

All electrode holder assemblies
349
Return Clamp Assemblies
4.01
2

For use with extension cables
where Safety connectors are used
350
Electrode holders
Electrode holder Twisty 200
1.6–3.2 mm.
For electrode dia. 1.6–8.0 mm.
4.01
351
Return clamps
4.01
352
Cable Connectors

4.01
353
Conversion assembly
mm2 cable 0,3 m long.
machines.
For stick welding or air carbon arc gouging
This is how the Adapter Plug works:

PROBLEM: SOLUTION:
4.01
Female 70
354
Accessories
Chipping hammer
for the removal of slag after arc

welding. The hammer is of robust
construction and well balanced.
Available in mild steel and stainless
steel.
Wire brush
A wire brush is used for cleaning the
welding surfaces, removal of slag,
rust etc. The brush is available with
steel or stainless steel bristles.
When working on stainless steel, a
brush with stainless steel bristles
stainless steel must always be used.
Welding gauge
for a successful welded joint. The
for measuring throat thickness
4.01
Units Product no.

Wire brush, steel, 2 rows, 196-632976
Wire brush, stainless steel, 2 rows, 196-632984
196-633008
196-632992
196-516161
355
Welding Techniques
Having examined the necessary
followed, we shall now look at the actual
Surface welded at correct current value.

In order to obtain a good weld we must
• The current
• The length of the arc
• The angle of the electrode
• Electrode travel
beaded surface.
Current Settings
factor in arc welding, and this is where electrode diameters, as well as rules of thumb for
most mistakes are made. It is a good calculating them. The values given are only valid for
rule to use slightly more current than
required rather than risk using too little.
overhead welding the welder should use the lower
fusing with the base material will be
unsatisfactory. Slag may become
embedded in the weld, and other faults
are likely to occur. When current,
electrode travel and angle are correct, 2.0 6.0
smoothly and slag will form behind the
Length of arc
4.01
should be equal to the diameter of the wire core of the

Current value too low, uneven surface. electrode.
356
Electrode angle
The electrode must be held at the
correct angle during the welding
angles to be used when welding in
Electrode travel
of travel in the welding direction,

with or without weaving. Correct
a good weld. The illustration shows

the faults that can occur if the to electrode
electrode is moved too quickly or too diameter
Edge faults
Convex
Poor fusion
Slag
electrode should be held at an angle
to side as the weld advances so that
4.01
Correct Incorrect
357
Edge preparation
4.01
358
The complete Unitor range of maintenance electrodes

for shipboard use
Product name Diameter Product no. Application onboard
095-699165 Unalloyed steel.
3.2 095-699173
095-699181
including vertical down.
3.2 095-699231
095-699249 Unalloyed steel.
095-699256
6.0 095-699260
2.0 095-699199
095-699207
3.2 095-699215
095-699223
to weld.
095-699264
3.2 095-699272
095-699280
095-699298
095-699306
3.2 095-699314
095-699322
down welding.
095-699330
3.2 095-699348
095-683631
3.2 095-683649
4.01 095-683656 Weather resistant steel.

3.2 095-699389
1.6 095-699397 Stainless steel.

095-699405
3.2 095-699413
095-699421 Stainless steel.

3.2 095-699439
095-699447
steel overlays.
359
Product name Diameter Product no. Application onboard

095-699454
3.2 095-699462 stainless and steel.
096-699470
3.2 096-699488
steel, high carbon steel.
3.2 096-699512 Cast iron.

096-699520
cast iron to steel.
096-699496 Oily cast iron. Tolerant to high

3.2 096-699504 carbon content.
3.2 096-606458
3.2 096-606457
alloys to steel.
3.2 096-699538 Aluminium rolled, drawn and

castings.
095-606454 Hard surfacing.

3.2 095-606455 Wear resistant overlays.
095-606456
3.2 096-606460 Hard surfacing.
Exhaust valves.
3.2 096-606459
6.3 096-758474
8.0 096-758466 Air carbon arc gouging. 4.01
096-758458
360
4.01
361
Air-Carbon-Arc Gouging
arc effect to melt the metal, which is
subsequently blown away by a jet of
also useful for cutting stainless steel

The power source
surface, free from slag, and further
necessary.
Two welding machines may also be
General uses include:
connecting the negative terminal
• Forming welding grooves. from both machines to ground at the
• Removal of defective welds. terminals are then lead to the worksite

• Removing defects on cast iron and and connected at the electrode holder.
removing excess metal.
• Removing welding beads and burrs
4.01
362
The electrode holder • Check the current and remember

that the high arc voltage will
used for air carbon arc gouging. The usually require a higher than usual
unsatisfactory.
•
striking the arc.

•
welding cable, cable connectors the electrode once gouging has

and a quick connector 30UPH for commenced.
• When gouging in the overhead
General rules for air-carbon-arc metal does not fall directly on to the
gouging electrode holder.
• Check that all screw connections •
use, dismantle and clean the valve
any loss of effect. at least once a month and make
• Clean the electrode jaws
occasionally with a steel brush to
air line before connecting to the

holder to remove any condensation.
•
• Check connections for correct
• Fit the electrode in the holder so
from the holder. Electrode holder for air carbon

arc gouging
• When the electrode is moved from
right to left, the air outlets in the
4.01
on the right side of the electrode
so that the main stream of the
the electrode.
363
Torch for Air Carbon Arc Gouging with safety cable

connector and air connector
Air hose
Welding cable with Cable connector.

2
4.01
Product no.
196 528703 10 mm
safety cable connector and air connector
195 634121 Conversion assembly
364
4.01
365
TIG WELDING
Introduction 367
368
Shielding gas
Tungsten electrodes 371
373
Regulator & accessories 376
378
Welding techniques 380

383
4.02
366
TIG WELDING
Introduction
on board. The most frequently
and stainless, heat resistant or acid
may be used with good results on all

weldable materials. Among the unique
advantages of using the argon gas
• A stable, intense and well directed
• Clean, smooth welds of high quality,

cylinder is an excellent mobile solution
slag).
The TIG Equipment
and an accessories kit.
4.02
367
TIG WELDING
Basic principle
Tungsten electrode
Filler rod
Remote control for welding current
advantage to adjust current during

welding.
used for high quality metals such as

stainless steel, Cunifer and York Albro.
is struck between a Tungsten electrode
The arc and the electrode are shielded

by an inert gas (usually Argon) that also
oxidation.
rod is normally made of a metal similar

to the metal being welded. The Tungsten
be consumed during ignition and to

some extent during actual work. This
time, it will be necessary to regrind the
4.02
Equipment set-up:
368
TIG WELDING
Shielding gas
Shielding gas is necessary for the
chemically inactive (inert), has several
and suitable heat transfer.

•
effect of the air.

•
contamination and oxidation from
the air.
•
metal rod from oxidation.
•
during cooling after the arc is
broken.
colourless and odourless inert gas,
is commonly used.
therefore needed.
4.02
200 bar gas cylinders
min. Note that when welding stainless
steel it may also be necessary to use
regulator and hoses) should be used

the air.
369
TIG WELDING
Shielding gas
ARGON Ar For use on:
Argon is a colourless, odourless gas, Steel
Stainless
steel
Aluminium
Yorcalbro
Cunifer
Cylinder data
715-905565 715-905174
Welding Welding
Colour
10
3.6 18
3
2.2 11
200 200
18 81
22
1000
Outside diameter mm 230
3 3 3
4.02
370
TIG WELDING
Tungsten electrodes
red) are currently the most widely •

used electrodes worldwide. Thorium radioactive constituents
is however a radioactive element and •
to health and environment. Thorium

• Suitable for welding all materials
enclosed in a tungsten matrix, the •
“a” radiation emitted externally is
negligible. The danger to the welder
arises when thorium oxide gets into •
Standardised in national and
the near future, more stringent legal
as an environmentally friendly and

technically better solution is already
available.
Unitor tungsten electrodes is alloyed
Unit Product no.

Tungsten electrodes 1.6 mm. 197-674710
197-674736
4.02
371
TIG WELDING
Overview of Tungsten electrodes

CODE OXIDE ADDITIVES COLOUR CODE REMARKS
Wt.%
2 30
0
2 3
2 30
WC20 2
WP Pure Tungsten AC only

2 White
WT10 2 Yellow Thorium
WT20 2 Red
WT30 2
2 Orange
WS Rare earths Turquoise
Correct Grinding of Tungsten electrodes for DC welding
heat consentration.
wise, straight towards the
result in an unstable arc

and that bits of tungsten will
brake off and fall into the weld
Wrong grinding
4.02
Correct Out of Too short Too long

centre
Correct grinding AC
372
TIG WELDING
TIG TORCH
General description
electrical insulation, the head of the carelessly.
silicone coating.
welding.
and has the combined function of

forming a gas tight seal for the alumina
the torch head.
long working life. The handle ensures
transfer to the welder’s hand. A screw
turn, switches the gas on and off.

Accessories
for use, but the accessories kit

is recommended as it contains
cm, ensuring accessibility in narrow
cable and gas hose (8) ensure that

extensions may be easily connected.
4.02 onto the Unitor argon regulator or give better gas shielding.
to the standard right hand threaded
373
TIG WELDING
Parts list and order numbers
Pos. Product no Units

– 197-150000
– 197-160010
– 197-200000
– 197-607810
Spares
1 197-551192
2 197-551200
3 197-551143 Heat shield
197-551168 Collet 1.6mm
197-551150
197-551184 Collet body 1.6 mm
197-551176
6 197-551135
6 197-551127
6 197-778924
7 197-674710
7 197-674736
Accessories kit consists of: 4.02
ColIet 1.6mm
Collet body 1.6 mm
Accessories kit for
374
TIG WELDING
Remote control set-up
UWI-230 TP AC/DC, UWI-320 TP,

UWW-301 TP WIRE WELDER and UWI-500 TP
197-200000
191-670414
191-670422
4.02 197-150000
191-150151
The remote controls may also be used for stick electrode welding.
375
TIG WELDING
Regulator & Accessories
adjusted on the regulator.
torch may deviate from what is set

on the gas outlet station or on the
gas hoses are used. The Flowcontrol
needle valve used at the gas inlet of
adjustment is available at the work
ensure easy control of the torch and

eventual welding rod. In addition
welding should be used.
Unit
197-510010
mtr 176-576157
176-175596
401-768416
197-320202
197-320201 4.02
Spare parts for regulator:
171-550210
Contents gauge for regulator 171-550178
197-597328
197-597310
197-632795
376
4.02
377
TIG Equipment & Accessories for Unitor Welding Machine Range
Welding Remote Acces. KIT Ar. Regl. Hose Joint TIC gloves Flow contr. Flow contr.
Pr. Pcs. Control Pr. Pr. Pcs. Pr.Pcs. Pr. m Pr.Pcs. needle meter at
Pcs
Pr. Pcs. Pr. Pcs.
TIG WELDING
N.A.
N.A.
TIG WELDING
Preparing the torch

Always disconnect the torch from the
or adjusting the electrode. This is
Connector at the end of the torch cable.

the whole gas system is thoroughly
Ensure that correct and unharmed
contamination of the welds. Then set
and electrode are used.
If the welding current is to be 100A or
electrode, collet and collet body. is needed, this should be taken from a
For welding above 100A it is gas from the same regulator that
collet and collet body. torch.

Check if the work at hand makes it
Connection to Welding Machine
side of the arc, which is bombarded by
therefore always be connected to the
damaged.
the return cable shall be connected to
If available, connect the remote control

Connection to Gas Supply to the welding machine and have the
Connect the gas hose to the argon current regulator available at the work 4.02
regulator, and make sure all site. For current setting see table on
378
TIG WELDING
Welding Parameters
The material thicknesses given in the table below for the different current ranges
and Stainless steels
<1.0mm
Welding current,
Electrode
diameter of electrode
no.7 (11mm) no.7 (11mm)
Tungsten
4.02
379
TIG WELDING
Welding Techniques
torch is connected to the negative
argon cylinder valve and the torch valve.
regulator.
Striking the Arc

system. Check electrode and electrode
The lift arc function

disconnected. If current remote control
is available, adjust to low or minimum
current.
mm between the tungsten electrode
This will trigger the lift arc function.

Raise the torch and lift it into the normal
Note: To be absolutely certain that

contamination is avoided the arc may
beginning of the bead.

Adjust welding current to correct setting
and hold the arc steady until a molten 4.02
Raise the torch
380
TIG WELDING
Welding
is largely similar to the gas welding
3–6mm. Note that a longer arc will
arc will reduce it, contrary to what
current remote control is used, the

Welding with the forehand technique.
current. Hold the torch at an angle of
The arc may be used just to melt

the edges of the joint together, or
Use of Filler Material

Introduce the rod to the molten
not touch the electrode or enter
added continuously or in a slightly
forehand technique.
oxidation, which will contaminate
the weld. Hold the rod at an angle of
Finishing the Bead
Adjust welding current to minimum and

4.02
Finishing the bead.
381
TIG WELDING
Contaminated Tungsten Electrode • That air does not enter into

The tungsten electrode may be the gas hose.
contaminated through contact with the • That wind or draft does not blow
away the shielding gas.
It will also be contaminated (by contaminated (try changing to fresh

cylinder).
the gas is shut off before the electrode

has cooled down to below red glowing
If there is little contamination the

electrode may be cleaned by striking an
burn for a few seconds. Remember gas
If the electrode is heavily contaminated
disconnected, the electrode removed
The electrode must be reground to the
Clean the electrode by striking an arc

Contaminated Weld Pool
Check the following:

• That the gas hose has been
correctly set.
• That the electrode is held at the
correct angle.
4.02
Strong draft may blow away
being used. the argon shield, resulting in
are clean.
382
TIG WELDING
Edge preparation
Stainless steel
Material Welding current A Tungsten

thickness Type of joint electrode
mm Horizontal Vertical Overhead mm ø
1.6
60 1.6
1
37 36 1.6
1.6
80–110 70–100 1.6
110 100 100 1.6

2
80 70 1.6
120–200 110–180
130 120
3
110 100 100 1.6
110
4.02
120–200 110–180
170
180 160
383
TIG WELDING
Edge preparation
Copper alloys (Cunifer, Yorcalbro)
NB: When welding
Material Welding Tungsten Stainless steel and
thickness Type of joint current, electrode Cunifer, backing gas
mm Horizontal mm ø
must be used inside
1
1.6
1.6
1.6
2
1.6
3
170–200
4.02
Out trough
384
TIG WELDING
Rods and Flux for TIG welding

Welding rods
Product Product no.
097-604850
2.0 mm
097-305532
097-602979
2.0 mm The silisium content of the wire ensures smooth transfer and
is also an advantage for the root bead when welding thicker
097-725309
2.0 mm
offers elevated mechanical strength and toughness resistance to
092-514265
3.0 mm
097-335547
4.02
097-519736
with Albro Flux.
385
WIRE WELDING
Introduction 387
388
Shielding gas
Regulator & accessories
Welding technique
Wires for wire welding
4.03
386
WIRE WELDING
Introduction
In Wire Welding, a wire from a
reel is fed through a welding torch
welding current. The wire melts and is
that is shielded by a gas. The shielding time that the welder actually is
welding).
The gas has the same function as the
smoke shield.
Cylinder with shielding gas
Wire feeder
Welding Torch
Power source
4.03
387
WIRE WELDING
Basic principle
the wire being fed.
FCAW – Flux cored arc welding.

GMAW – Gas metal arc welding uses a
Solid wire
2 ) to shield the
shielding when welding low carbon and
like Argon. Pure inert gas shielding

is essential for welding alloys of
Flux
titanium, stainless steel, nickel alloys Tubular wire
and highly alloyed steel. Flux tubular wire.
2 ) are regarded as
Wire drive rolls
Continuous
Spray Arc or Short Circuiting Arc wire
Nitrogen & Oxygen

Umbrella
4.03
388
WIRE WELDING
Spray-Arc
relatively intense arc between the
The metal transfer is in the form of
the arc to the surface of the melted
material thickness above 3 mm.
have welding current above a certain and the welding current increases
minimum value, the transition current.
shielding gas, (consisting of minimum
guideline a 0.8 mm solid steel wire
no longer can be maintained, and the
excellently suited for sheet metal

welding, and also for bridging large
Short Arc
is also called short circuit transfer.
No metal is transferred through the
arc with this technique, but is instead
4.03
Short circuiting (short arc welding)
389
WIRE WELDING
Flux Cored Arc Welding

(FCAW) Self-Shielded.
the brittle coating. The need for a
is obtained from an arc between a continuous arc welding electrode led to
cored wire where the material needed for

the arc and a slag covering of the weld shielding is contained inside the core of a
hollow wire.
the shielded metal arc welding. The Continuous electrical contact can be
versatility and maneuverability of stick made with the wires at any distance
electrodes in manual welding stimulated from the arc and they can be coiled
allowing a continuous wire electrode

to be used. A continuous electrode
would eliminate the welding time lost in
changing electrodes and would eliminate
the material lost in electrode stubs. The
contain in their cores the ingredients
making electrical contact with the core and for generating shielding gases and
wire and coiling it without cracking
The arc:
Solid slag
Flux Core Wire

Flux
4.03
390
WIRE WELDING
In essence, semiautomatic welding
with an electrode several feet long
Knurled wire feeder

rolls to be used
the mechanism that feeds the wire
to the arc. He uses a welding gun
instead of an electrode holder, but it outdoors where strong air currents are
encountered.
easy to maneuver. The only difference
being the weld metal of the electrode
surrounding the shielding and
surrounded by them. Extensions from 6 mm to 30 mm are
cases also be used for Self Shielded

Flux Cored Arc Welding with small
metal is transferred across the arc,
means that some oxidation and
some low alloy steel.
4.03
391
WIRE WELDING
Flux Cored Arc Welding

(FCAW) Gasshielded.
gas metal arc welding with only small

Tubular electrode wire is used as in
be knurled). Note that the welding gun
alloying additions, rather than for the

Although CO2 is generally used as the
2
also be used.
steels and stainless steel. It gives
arc shield.
The guns and welding heads for
to a wide variety of joints and gives the
The arc:
Flux Core Wire
Arc
4.03
from cylinder
392
WIRE WELDING
Maintaining the arc
that an electric arc melts the surface current regardless of arc length.
Alternative 2 above is therefore not
which is continuously fed into the arc, therefore required.
and thereby the arc voltage must be The combination of such a wire feeder
uniform weld. This can be obtained in
use such a combination if welding in

it melts.
exactly the value needed to melt
welding with coated electrodes Constant voltage power source

feed the electrode according to
requires the combination of a constant
source will automatically maintain the

demanding less from the welder’s skill
according to need, once the arc
voltage and thereby the arc length has
been selected. The constant voltage
Constant current power source characteristic is also suitable for
constant current characteristic is
4.03
393
WIRE WELDING
Shielding gas
ARGON Ar Cylinder data
Argon is a colourless,
odourless gas, slightly
715-905565 715-905174
Welding Welding
Argon is an inert gas used Colour
10
3.6 18
3
2.2 11
against contaminants in the 200 200
18 81
22
For use on: 1000
Aluminium Outside diameter mm 230
Yorcalbro
Cunifer Forged brass with bursting disc, inlet
3
3 3 3
ARGON - CO2 MIXTURES Cylinder data

mixtures are
2
used as shielding gas
2 715-905573 715-905581
(Unimix20)
2 715-905673 715-905681
2 (Unimix10)
(Unimix10) mixture are
Welding Welding
suitable for welding all
Colour
steels and stainless steels.
10
The mixtures give a very
transmission. Each cylinder

is labelled with the correct
label. 4.03
For use on:
Stainless steel
Steel
394
WIRE WELDING
Equipment
The sequence of events and the time

delay between them is essential for
voltage control. a successful termination of the weld,
2. Welding current switch (contactor).
valve.
elements of the Wire Welding

8. Wire feed motor with drive rolls.
ways, more or less suited to onboard
use.
welding current cable, gas hose,
control circuit cables and wire feed
tube (liner).
unit, often even with the gas cylinder
switch. mounted on the assembly. As the
In a welding sequence these elements

function as follows when the welder
aluminium) these units are limited to
Another system is built around very
elements 7–11 in the torch, and the

other elements either in a control
• Wire feed motor starts, feeding wire

through the torch.
• The arc starts as the wire touches selection of wires to mainly aluminium
Wire feeder principle
welder releases the torch control

4.03 switch and the following sequence of
feeder unit, which has the ability to
voltage characteristic. Unitor Wire

• After a brief moment the contactor
and requires only welding current as
395
WIRE WELDING
4.03
396
WIRE WELDING
Unitor UWW-301 TP Wire Welder

MIG-MAG/STICK/LIFT-ARC TIG WITH HYBRID ARC CONTROL
Features and benefits

1. High Performance Portable Welder
i.e. Wire Welding, Stick Electrode
for all your welding needs onboard.
2. Hybric Arc Control (HAC) and

Synergistic function for Wire
Welding
synergistic function allows
welding machine for wire welding,
works used anywhere onboard.
Code of Safe Working Practices for

fastening for heavy lift bulk carriers
etc. where heavy welding and high
environment
damage to the machine in case
4.03 resistance against moisture and
to ensure excellent reliability in the

harsh maritime environment.
397
WIRE WELDING
• Set of wire guide tube and wire feeder drive rollers
machine
• User instruction manual
Dimensions/Weight
Technical Data
Recommended fuses
Welding current range
Protection class IP23S
Cooling system Forced air
4.03
398
WIRE WELDING
UWW-301 TP Consumables,
Accessories and Spares:
Product Product no.
301301
Accessories for Selfshield Wire Welding and Stick Welding
Consumables for Selfshield Wire Welding - Carbon Steel

72228
Consumables for Selfshield Wire Welding - Stainless Steel
Accessories for Gas Wire Welding (MIG/MAG)
Accessories for TIG WELDING

200000
607810
Accessories for Gas Shielded Welding (Wire/TIG)
Welding Safety PPE
632786
Welding Accessories
633008
ANTI SPATTER SPRAY, 6PCS

661778
4.03
Spares & Consumables
230237
399
WIRE WELDING
Application set-up for Wire Welding
Wire Spool Positioning
ensuring it is located correctly. Adjust
such a way that the wire feed force
released.
4.03
400
WIRE WELDING
Positioning the Wire In The Wire Feeder
feeder rolls and insert it into the
correctly in the roll grooves.
2. Raise the wire feeder
7. Close the wire feeder
that does not deform it while also

ensuring constant feed rate without
4.03
suitable for the wire gauge. in the side of the unit.
401
V groove U groove Knurled V groove
for solid wires for aluminium wires for flux cored wires
except aluminium
WEAR EYE
PROTECTION
Wire )
Unitor Wire Wire Shielding s
e e Polarity s Flow
mm
Carbon Steel Solid 0,8 3 0 3

0 n
1,0 0 3
1,2 8 6 1 0 n
Flux Cored Self Shield Wire

d 1,2 0 0
d
Stainless Steel Solid Wir e 0, 0 0 0
n
1,0 0 8 0
Aluminium Solid Wir e 1,0 7 6 3 1 N
U n
1,2 2 2
402
WIRE WELDING
Preparing for MIG/MAG
1. Connect the gas hose from the

welding gas cylinder to the relative
on the user interface.

the EURO TORCH welding socket.
selector cable to the welding socket 10. Close the gas solenoid valve by
values on the user interface. The

6. Feed the wire through the torch until system is ready to start welding.
1. Connect the electrode holder cable to
4.03 the welding socket on the basis of the
3. This button serves to select the
on the user interface. The system is ready

to start welding.
403
WIRE WELDING
Application set-up for TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding
OFF switch to “I” (unit switched

on).
socket.
interface. The system is ready to

start welding.
Lift-Arc TIG Welding
Slowly lift the torch to strike the arc.
extinguish the welding arc.
4.03
404
WIRE WELDING
Unitor Wire Feeder UWF-102
it is, in addition to wire welding, also
and Air Carbon Arc gouging from the

wire feeder without reconnecting back
For wire range 0,6 to 2 mm. Adjustable
extensions may be used between
wires, and gas shielded solid wires.

connection cables to welding machine
and a drive roll kit for 0.8–1.0 mm solid
wire.
0.6 to 2 mm
Welding Circuit Rating
IP Rating 23
Height
With
Weight
torches not included, order number 191-500102

4.03
405
WIRE WELDING
Connecting UWF-102 to UWI-500 TP and shielding gas

The wire feeder is delivered with the required hoses
connection to a shielding gas regulator on a gas

cylinder.
If cable extensions are used the return cable should also
4.03
406
WIRE WELDING
Drive rolls
The groove walls are smooth and these drive rolls are used for all solid wires
that will deform these tubular wires.
UWF-102 Wire Feeder Drive Rolls Part No.

Knurled groove
4.03 Order no Order no Order no
0.8–1.0 mm 0.8–1.0 mm 0.8–1.0 mm
1.0–1.2 mm 1.2–1.6 mm 1.2–1.6 mm
1.2–1.6 mm
407
WIRE WELDING
Accessories for Unitor Wire Feeder UWF-102
Torches with tools

Torch for gas shielded wire welding
Torch for gasless wire welding
Shielding gasses
when using the needle valve
2
2
2
2
Cable and gas hose extensions
Welding cable 70mm2

2
4.03
408
WIRE WELDING
contact to the wire.
Pos. Order number Unit

1 n.a. n.a. End of swan neck on torch
2 Torch liner, Steel for 0.6–1.0 mm wire (blue)
2
2
3.0 m long
3
set
set
set
4.03
409
WIRE WELDING
Torch T-400 MP
including aluminium.
Pos. Order number Unit

1
2
3 set
3 set
3 set
3 set
3 set
set
set
6 set 4.03
7
7 Torch liner, Steel for 0.6–1.0 mm wire (blue) 3.0 m long
7
7
410
WIRE WELDING
Regulator & Accessories
is adjusted on the regulator.
torch may deviate from what is set

on the gas outlet station or on the
gas hoses are used. The Flowcontrol
Flowcontrol needle valve used at the

gas inlet of the machine or the wire
ensure easy control of the torch and

eventual welding rod. In addition
welding should be used.
Units Product no.

197-510010
CO2 197-510012
mtr 176-576157
176-175596
401-768416
4.03 197-320202
197-320201
Spare parts for regulator:
171-550210
Contents gauge for regulator 171-550178
197-597328
Flowcontrol needle valve 197-597310
197-632795
411
WIRE WELDING
Accessories
and installation, and for cutting and
sticking to the metal surface being
on each side of where the welding
burning on to the surface.
with a brush after welding. Time
canisters.
Units Product no.

193-591990
set 193-633149
4.03
412
WIRE WELDING
Application areas
Unalloyed/Iow alloyed and stainless
steels
Numerous gas mixtures based on
the most distinct advantages of the Helium, Hydrogen, and even traces of
other gases, have been introduced to
• Welding technique is easy to learn. the market for ferrous materials, all
• High quality welds.
• No slag, or for FCAW very little slag.

• Unique advantages for sheet metal maintenance a stock of several gas
and aluminium welding.
welding with gas or coated electrode
on materials of limited thickness.

electrodes.
and the need for using several
for different metals and alloys. These

are to a large degree being eliminated
Non-ferrous metals
will further add to the usefulness of the
4.03 material of Alumag, lcuni and lalbro
the material thickness range 3–6 mm,

even though thicker materials may be
413
WIRE WELDING
Preparation for Welding
that the welder and welder’s assistant
glass. The guidelines given in the
followed.
Preparing the equipment
quantity is available, if shielding gas is
to torch if solid wires are used, and
cored wires.
with good electrical contact. Poor
correct arc.
Mounting the wire spool

• Check, and if necessary clean the
wire feed rolls and the wire liner
in the torch cable. Ensure that the
and quality for the wire to be used.
for aluminium and stainless steel

wires.
4.03
slightly larger inner diameter than

with other alloys, to allow for the
414
WIRE WELDING
damaging the liner or getting the

wire stuck when feeding it through
the liner, it maybe an advantage to
Then insert the wire in the torch

cable liner, fasten the feeder rolls
and feed the wire through until it
wire in liner.
Checking the wire feed function
• Check and if necessary adjust the
without uncoiling excessive wire
they slide on the wire if the wire
wire when testing this unless the
and using an electrically insulating

material to hold the wire back.
start the wire should be cut off at
larger wire diameters. Strong draft may disturb the

gas shield.
4.03 Shielding the workplace
Strong draft may disturb the shielding
When necessary, the weld bead

should therefore be shielded. Welding
with care to ensure they do not affect

the shielding gas.
415
WIRE WELDING
Welding technique
Too long stickout may result in too cold
base material, wire and shielding gas
be avoided.
Too short stickout may overheat the
Cored Arc Welding Self Shielded is to be

used, a too short stick out may result in
at a certain setting on the machine, this
welder may use the stick out to adjust
wire away from contact with deck or

• decrease bead width.
wire will be electrically live and an arc
will occur if contact is made.
weaving (7).
Wire stickout
including the arc length. This distance

decides how long the current carrying
in the wire increases with increasing
voltage, and the welding current will

decrease with increasing stickout and 4.03
vice versa.
416
WIRE WELDING
Travel speed and direction
to the base material. Welding may
When Flux Cored Arc Welding Self

Shielded wire are used.
Shielded” wires are used.
forehand technique is always used Forehand technique

for all welding of aluminium and
aluminium alloys.
For steel and stainless steels both
techniques are used, often with
cored wire.
Torch angles
sideways from the weld.

The longitudinal angle will affect
small angle should be avoided as

4.03
contaminating the weld.
Torch angles
417
WIRE WELDING
This may be done by increasing travel
the transverse angle is increased or the weld, and releasing the torch switch
in the joint.
Weaving
obtainable with a straight welding
the groove in a side to side movement

(weaving). When this technique is
used the side to side movement must
of the weld. Weaving in a continuous

movement may easily result in
will weaken the joint considerably.
Arc starting and stopping

When starting the arc on a cold
for a short moment before the weld
a weakness in the joint the arc may
joint, or the welder may increase the
beginning of the weld, moving the arc
and continue welding over the slightly
Torch angles in vertical welding,

backhand technique 4.03
418
WIRE WELDING
Edge preparation
Steel, Position welding, 90% Ar-10% CO2 or 80% Ar-20% CO2 Shielding gas
Wire
Welding Number
thickness diameter
joint of layers
mm mm
16 1
1.2 17 1
1.6 80 17 1
0.8
1.6 down. 1
2.0 18 1
2.0 18 1
Steel, Position welding, 90% Ar-10% CO2 or 80% Ar-20% CO2 Shielding gas
Joint Wire Number
Welding
thickness diameter of
joint
mm mm mm layers
2 1 0.8 1
3 0.8 110 1
3 0.8 22 1
0.8 130 22 1
2 0.8 120 20 2
0.8 120 20 2
6
H 1.2 21 330 2
4.03 6 1 H 1.2 330 32 1100 1
10 1 1.2 21 320 3
1.2 21 330 1
10
H 1.2 300 30 1
419
WIRE WELDING
Edge preparation
Stainless steel, Position welding, 80% Ar, 20% CO2 Shielding gas
Wire Welding
Number of
thickness diameter
joint layers
mm mm
1.6 1
1.6 1
2 1
2 30 1
17 38 1
3.2 17 720 1
Stainless steel, Horizontal welding, 80% Ar, 20% CO2 Shielding gas
Wire
Number of
thickness diameter
layers
mm mm
18 1.6 1
18 1.6 2
20 1.6 2
20
4.03
20
20
420
WIRE WELDING
Edge preparation
Aluminium, Horizontal welding, Argon Shielding gas
Wire Welding
thickness diameter
mm mm
1 1.0 600
1.3 10 1.0 700 38
1.6 10 1.0 60 810 38
10 1.0 38
Aluminium, Horizontal welding, Argon Shielding gas

Wire Welding Welding
Number
thickness diameter
of layers
mm mm
With 18 1.2 180 38 1
With 20 1.2 26 1
With out 18 1.2 220 60 2
With 20 1.6 280 27 60 2
With out 20 1.6 260 26 2
With out 1.6 270 26 2
With 1.6 310 27 2
With out 1.6 300 27 3

4.03
421
WIRE WELDING
Edge preparation
Aluminium, Position welding, Argon Shielding gas
Wire Welding Welding
Welding Number
thickness diameter
of layers
mm mm
20 1.2 or 1.6 180 23 2
OH 20 1.2 or 1.6 200 2
20 1.2 or 1.6 210 23 3
OH 23 1.6 220 3
23 1.6 30 3
OH 1.6
1.6
OH 1.6 6
Copper alloys, Horizontal, Argon Shielding gas

Wire
thickness diameter
mm mm
1.6 310 27
4.03
26
27 380
27
422
WIRE WELDING
Wires for Wire Welding

Shielding Current Wire
Unitor Wire Order no.
mm gas
0.8 2 22
1.0 None 12 20
Coreshield 8 1.6 None 7 23
2 11 22
2 13
0.8 Ar 22
0.8 Ar 22
1.0 Ar 12 23
1.6 None 8 30
Note: Approx. values only
ArgonlCO2
4.03
423
PLASMA CUTTING AND GOUGING
Introduction
Cutting technique
4.04
424
4.04
425
Introduction
also assists in removing the material
oxidation of the steel (the steel catches
Cutting direction
Heating to kindling
2 oxidation and
removal of slag.
stainless steel and those other metals
Some metals have refractory oxides

(sluggish heavy kind of oxides with
above requirements and are readily
2) The oxides (rust) of the metal should
metal itself.
ignited. It also has a refractory silicate
of the metal with oxygen must be
4.04
enough so that the material can be
426
of matter as solid, liquid, and gas.

For most commonly known element,
water these three states are ice, water
also have high thermal conductivity. between these states relate to the
energy level. If we add energy in the
form of heat to ice, the ice melts and
the result is water, a liquid. If we add
and technique because of the
refractory chromium oxide formed on to the gas we normally call steam.
the surface.
So how can we overcome these
become electrically conductive. This
(Flame cutting) to an electric (Plasma

cutting).
In Plasma cutting only one condition
1) The metal must be electrically

conductive. atomic ions and free electrons. When
What is Plasma?
conductive because free electrons are
is that it is the fourth state of matter. available to carry current).
We normally think of the three states
4.04
Plasma, the fourth state of matter
427
Basic principles
conductive gas to transfer energy from
being cut. the high inherent energy of the jet,
and dissociation energy is released,

struck between the cathode (electrode
smooth cut.
Pilot arc Transferred arc
4.04
428
Plasma cutting equipment

The torch serves as the holder for the
and electrode constrict and maintain
for cutting materials under 16 mm

gas (usually air or nitrogen) Air is the
available at most location and that it

The arc starting circuit uses
(usually between 100 to 200 starts).
charges the air stream, creating a largely on air quality that must be oil
and water free.
as “blowback“ technology. The Unitor
UP-310 ML UP-85 ML UPC-NEO NG

Primary side input: Primary side input: Primary side input:
min. 16A slow fuse

Power source output: Power source output: Power source output:
4.04
429
Unitor Plasma Cutter UPC-310 ML

Lightweight Single-Phase 110-230V Plasma Cutter
inverter build that comes with excellent

• Technology “consumable check
consumables are ready for

frequency blowback ignition system,
it also does not interfere with radio damage to torch
communication or other electronic
machine for onboard usage. Safety features

• Plasma torch with trigger release to
• Fixed torch connection to the
to withstand rough onboard should be made so that there is

environments no risk for electrical shock and no
12mm (severance), 10mm (quality) and a tool

8mm (recommended)
device accidental discharge

• Air test button for incoming
whereby regulator drains itself when
4.04
430
2
•
• Torch with 6m cable (connected directly to the machine)
•
•
•
Unitor Plasma Cutter UPC-310 ML Technical Data:
(Slow blow)
160
Process Power
Power Factor
Protection Class IP 23
Environmental Conditions
Cooling Forced
H
Weight
Severance Cut
Quality Cut
Recommended Cut
4.04
431
Torch consumables and spares
Product no.
310333
310334
310335
310336
310337
310332
310338
Torch parts replacement consumables
4.04
432
4.04
433
Unitor Plasma Cutter UPC-85ML

Plasma Cutter with PFC Multi-Link technology

• Tested in accordance with
and moisture
• Perform quality cuts of 16mm
various metals such as mild and stainless

steels, castings, aluminium as well as
4.04
434
the machine
Unitor Plasma Cutter UPC-85ML Technical Data
(Slow blow)
720
280
Process Power
Power Factor
Protection Class
Environmental Conditions
Cooling Forced
H
Severance Cut
Quality Cut
Recommended Cut
4.04
435
Product no.
310336
404181
404165
Electrode 310334
404173
310337
404169
404161
404177
Start Cartridge 310335
Torch Head 310333
404153
4.04
New tip Worn tip New electrode Worn electrode
436
Unitor UPC-NEO NG
Portable Plasma Cutter with Ecodesign Technology
range of electrically conductive steels

such as mild and stainless steels,
gouging machine that is designed castings, aluminium, titanium as well
in line with the latest EU Ecodesign
Ingress Protection rating of IP23 and the maritime environment, with safety
features that are in accordance with the
job that is carried out in the outdoor aluminium casing body

makes it lightweight
from corrosion.
cutting quality and versatility when
Wider Material Higher Cutting Speed Portable and

Cutting Range and Productivity Compact

• Tested in accordance with IP23, making it suitable for outdoor use
• Has high resistance to dust and moisture
4.04
not correctly mounted on the torch
437
Unitor Plasma Cutter UPC-NEO NG Technical Data
(Slow blow)
Process Power
Power Factor 0,80
Idle State
21W
Protection Class IP 23
Environmental
Conditions
Cooling Forced
H
Severance Cut
Quality Cut
4.04
Recommended Cut
438

TORCH PARTS FOR INPUT VOLTAGE 380-440V 3F.
310337
310336 (30A)
DRAG CUTTING
CUP
TORCH START TIP STAND OFF

CUTTING
310333
310337 STAND OFF

CUTTING
TIP
GOUGING
DESCRIPTION PRODUCT NUMBER COMMENTS
310336
Electrode
1 PCS
310337 1 PCS
1 PCS
1 PCS
1 PCS
Start Cartridge 1 PCS
Torch Head 310333 1 PCS
1 PC
1 PC
1 PC
1 PC
4.04 1 PC
1 PC
1 PC
TORCH AND ACCESSORIES:
310326
439
4.04
440
Cutting technique
Hold the torch away from your body.

Slide the trigger release toward the back of the
the trigger.
4.04
441
For piercing holes
Press trigger on the torch handle. Air will
and one smooth movement straighten the
Start moving the torch across the work
Gouging (UPC-85ML and UPC-NEO NG only)
Varying the gouge profile

Follow these recommendations to change the
Increasing the speed of the torch will decrease

width and decrease depth.
Decreasing the speed of the torch will increase
width and increase depth.
Increasing the standoff of the torch will increase
width and decrease depth.
Decreasing the standoff of the torch will
molten metal to avoid reducing consumable decrease width and increase depth.
life or damaging the torch. Increasing the angle of the torch (more vertical)
will decrease width and increase depth. 4.04
Decreasing the angle of the torch (less vertical)
will increase width and decrease depth.
442
Maintenance and trouble shooting

Disconnect power before maintenance Never use a damaged torch.
air and electricity.

Remove the cover.
Torch Head Electrode Start Catridge Tip Shield Cup Body
Clean the machine with dry, clean and
connections and gas system.
regular intervals, as a general guideline after 3

hours continuous use, or after 200 starts.
Check gas/Air Pressure
the face of the electrode for excessive wear
New tip Worn tip New electrode Worn electrode
in time will dramatically reduce the cutting Air Supply Precaution
on board will have the best quality.
4.04 body with regard to any leak or damage.
443
Air line unit
Air with oil mist
Rubber air hose

Oil free air can
be taken from the
centre block
4.04
444
AC/OX CUTTING/WELDING/BRAZING
5.01
445
PROCESS & EQUIPMENT
Introduction
Welding and grinding goggles

Accessories
Hose connectors
Flashback
Flashback arrestors
Common cutting faults
Heating techniques
Flame straightening techniques
Welding techniques
5.01
446
Introduction
used for welding and related thermal
Acetylene is the fuel gas burning with
degree of dissociation of hydrogen
atoms, thereby storing energy. This

stored energy is transferred through
and recombine to molecules. The total
2
• S) from the core Hydrogen molecules dissociate on the
at various mixing rates with oxygen.
5.01
447
velocity of the mixture. This ensures a
The concentrated heat reduces total
sheet metal welding and welding of
will be described.
Safety:
lighter than air.
heavier than air.
Combustion velocity of acetylene
5.01
448
The Combination Torch UCT-500

It includes a range of seven welding
attachments also function as
balanced and easy to handle.
The circular motion bar with centering
The connection between torch
even if the connection nut should

loosen. Attachments are easily on the use and maintenance of the
changed without the use of tools, and
may be turned in any desired angle to
UCT-500 compact kit in heavy-duty
The gas valves are symmetrically PVC case
shank, the three most commonly used

welding attachments (80 ltr, 230 ltr and
Acetylene and Oxygen inlets are
instructions for use and maintenance

are also included.
to mix in the hoses, with the danger of
UCT-500 Master kit in heavy-duty

PVC case
5.01 assembled to cover all ordinary
may occur on board.
449
170-500000
170-500001
5.01
450
UCT-500 components and spares

one each of all items marked 1) below.
of all items marked 2) below.
Shank
Product No.
170-174656
1)2)
return valves
Welding attachments
Product No.
1) 170-174565
1)2) 170-174573
1)2) 170-174581
1) 170-174599
1)2) 170-174607
1) 170-174615
1) 170-174623
Flexible welding attachment
Product No.
170-183780
Singleflame heating attachments

Product No.
170-183756
Multiflame heating attachments

Product No.
170-603399
mild steel.
5.01
451
Cutting attachments
Product No.
170-174664
1)2) 170-234807
170-234815
Cutting nozzles- general use
thickness mm Product No.
1)2) 302 No. 2 1300 170-174698

1)2) 302 No. 3 170-174706
1) 170-174714
1) 7800 810 170-174722
Cutting nozzles for difficult access, 165 mm length
Product No.
thickness mm
7000 800 170-183855
Gouging nozzle with stellite tip
Furrow dimensions
Product No.
Width mm
170-174730
Cutting guides
Product No.
1) 170-174672
1) 170-174680
holde diam. for use with roller guide
Tools
Product No.
1)2) 170-174649
1)2) 176-175356
Spares for UCT-500
Product No.
170-597336
170-597344
170-651265
170-651257
170-619270
1) SPARE PART KIT COMPLETE 170-500100
Oxygen valve assembly (blue) 170-174789
Acetylene valve assembly (red) 170-613762 5.01
170-535005
170-174771
170-174813
n.a
Sleeve for circular motion in roller guide n.a
452
UCT-500 components and spares

500000 UCT-500 COMBINATION TORCH MASTER
consist of the following items in a case with instruction manual:
Torch components
UCT-500 shank, 6 mm and 9 mm hose sockets with non-return valves
Welding attachments: for welding up to 14 mm thick steel plates
Cutting attachment 90 degr. with spare nozzle screw
Cutting nozzles for 3-10 mm, 10-25 mm, 25-50 mm and 50-100 mm steel thickness
Roller guide for 45-90 degr. cutting angles, with spare clamp sleeve
Circular motion bar complete with center and sleeve for 84-960 mm
diameter circles
Torch maintenance equipment

Spanner 15-, 17-, 18-, 19-, 23- and 24 mm for UCT-500
SPANNER
Cleaning needles set for UCT-500 welding attachments and cutting nozzles
5.01
Spare valve and complete O-ring set for UCT-500, including spare coupling
nut for welding attachments
453
500001 UCT-500 COMBINATION TORCH COMPACT

consist of the following items in a case with instruction manual:
Torch components
UCT-500 shank, 6 mm and 9 mm hose sockets with non-return valves
Welding attachments: for welding up to 7 mm thick steel plates
Cutting attachment 90 degr. with spare nozzle screw
Cutting nozzles for 3-10 mm and 10-25 mm steel thickness
Torch maintenance equipment

Spanner 15-, 17-, 18-, 19-, 23- and 24 mm for UCT-500
SPANNER
Cleaning needles set for UCT-500 welding attachments and cutting nozzles
5.01
454
The Unitor workshop cabinet for Gas Cutting, Welding,

Heating and Brazing.
Product No.
094-589861
094-589846
normally occurring onboard.
a stable work surface for torch
mounting the cabinet in corners or Free distance above cabinet 310 mm.
Contents: Torch maintenance equipment

Torch components:
welding attachments.
thickness. Welder’s accessories:
Soft skin welding gloves for gas and
5.01
455
Silver brazing: Aluminium joining:
on Yorcalbro. Tin soldering:
Bronze brazing:
Mild steel/heat resistant steels:

1.0 kg.
Cast iron joining and rebuilding: Instructions and information:
1,1kg. instruction manual.
5.01
456
Welding and Grinding Goggles

comfortable surfaces against the face.
The ventilation slots are designed to
fogging of the glasses.
Product No.
Welding and grinding goggles 176-175273
Glasses for Gas Welding and Cutting

The Unitor gas welding glasses have a diameter
Filter Shade Glass

Filter Shade Product No.
10 176-633305
10 176-633313
and cutting 6 10 176-633321
7 10 176-633354
cutting thick material
Protection glass 10 176-633297
Safety Spectacles
176-632943
176-632950
5.01 Safety grinding goggles non mist 176-653410
457
Accessories
Heat-Resistant Mitten
by acetylene cylinders and outlets to make
Product No.
Heat resistant mitten 176-233148
Gas Welding Glows
without hindering feeling or move ability

for handling torch valves or rod while
Product No.
176-632794
EN 388 3232
Triplex Gas Igniter
mounted on head.
Product No.
176-633198
176-633206
Miscellaneous
Welders chalk is used to mark out mark on the surface to be heated. When
the stick mark goes from solid to liquid, the
5.01
Product No.
196-632968
196-633156
458
Portable Gas Equipment

Product No.
mobility is necessary for other
176-526509
reasons, the gas cabinet and gas
Portable Welding Table
This sturdy work table is made of steel
jobs by allowing cylinders and stable work surface, all four legs are
adjustable in length. The legs have
the worksite as a unit. The necessary
and a good hull contact when used for
arc welding.
standard gas accessories, one of The table is excellent for use as a
and in cases when it is needed outside
Standard Accessories Kit for as the legs may be detached and

Acetylene and Oxygen Cylinders fastened under the table surface.
Acetylene and Oxygen cylinders.

Weight
• Acetylene and Oxygen cylinder

regulators. Product No.
• Flashback arrestors. Welding table 176-176024
• Welding goggles.
• Unitor Welding handbook.
5.01
459
Gas Welding Transportable Equipment

A-40/O-40 Cylinder Trolleys
Trolley for Two 40 L or 50 L Cylinders for Mobile Gas

Welding.
for the test and examination of lifting gear used in the loading
accessories kit for gas welding.
Product No.
176-778145
Standard gas welding accessories 176-526509
170-500000
For One Cylinder
200 kg
10 kg
5.01
Product No.
Trolley for one cylinder 176-778147
460
Gas Welding Transportable Equipment

A-5/0-5 Cylinder - Trolley and Back-Frame
according to the international labour
of lifting gear used in loading and

board use, and has a low center of
100 kg
The strong lightweight steel
easy carrying and lifting. Two double

brackets for Unitor rod containers give
trolley and the accessories box at

the back will take all other necessary
A double bracket with wing nut
Oxygen cylinders.
gas cylinders and the consumables
Product No.
176-778143
Standard gas welding 176-526509
accessories
170-500001
5.01
461
Gas Hoses
UNITOR’s hoses for Acetylene and
clean internally before connecting to
Requirements Acetylene and Oxygen hoses. Never use

20 bar
60 bar
extreme cold, oil and grease, chemicals,
welding, gas welding or Oxygen cutting.

Avoid undue stretching and kinking
of hoses. Hanging hoses must be
internal diameter. When gas hoses are not in use they

Product no
Twin gas hoses, 176-526472
Faulty hoses
Hoses of doubtful quality or condition
176-576157 without cracks (do this by bending the

hose).
them in water while they are under
immediately by cutting off the damaged
hoses are recommended. For medium

Product no
195-175729
5.01
diameters are used.
462
Self-retracting Hose Reel for Acetylene and Oxygen

For safety, tidiness and reduced
wear and tear
The handling of hoses cluttering the
length of hose and store the rest out

of harms way. This saves time, makes
the job easier and contributes to
access for carts and trolleys and

allows for easier cleaning.
are of robust construction, it is easy
design that vouches for safe and

maintenance free usage.
service.
All steel construction.
Technical data
Max working Hose dimensions Net weight
Medium pressure Mpa Hose size Including Product no.
(psi) Length m hose Kg
mm
18 30 176-725260
Acetylene
5.01
463
Hose connectors
Hose connectors have loose hose
the connecting nut has an indentation

in the corners of the hexagon for easy
of interchanging hoses.
Hose connectors are used where long
lengths of hose are needed. Screw quick connection of hoses and
regulators, or outlet stations, or to
for use with Oxygen and Acetylene,

and so designed that the interchange
connection. of Acetylene and Oxygen hose is
to connect the welding hoses – never

use metal tubing.
Screw-couplings for Gas Hoses Product no

176-175588
sets. Each set consists of two hose 176-175596
sockets with nuts for connection to gas 176-175604
regulator and torch. Included is also a 176-175612
connection stub for using the set as a 401-768416
hose joint. Nuts and connection stub for 401-768432
Acetylene are left hand threaded and 401-768507
marked with a groove. 401-729442
401-729443
5.01
464
Quick Couplings for Oxygen, Acetylene and Shielding gases
Acetylene Oxygen Shielding gas
Colour Letter Nut

Hose size Gas Threads Application Part Number
marking marking marking
Regulator to Hose 176-734007
Ac Red A
n.a. Hose to Hose 176-734004
6.3mm Ox O Plain
Shielding N Plain
Ac Red A
Ox O Plain
Available wall chart: Lubricants for gas fittings
Oil, grease or other organic lubricants
If these lubricants thicken after long storage

they must be thinned only with the thinners
5.01
465
Gas Regulators for Cylinders

Regulators should
Unitor gas regulators are designed

for reliability and safety of use, and
The large adjustment knobs are colour

coded red for Acetylene, blue for
Oxygen and black for Argon, for easy
washers, hose connection for 6 mm
instructions for use.
standard Unitor gas cylinder valves.
All the cylinder regulators have safety
Cylinder Regulator for Acetylene Oxygen Argon/CO2 w/flow

meter
bar 200 200
bar
bar
m3 2
2000
Cylinder connection
Colour coding Red
171-510001 171-510000 197-510010
171-619379
171-550186 171-550178 171-550178 5.01
171-550202 171-550194 171-550210
171-550152 171-550160 171-550160
466
Connection Operation
1. Never use a regulator for gases
closed by turning the regulating
screw so far out that it runs freely
make sure that the outlet union on on its threads.
the cylinder valve and the connector
the gas cylinder, blow the cylinder
by turning the regulating screw

the outlet or hold your hand in front inwards until the correct working
gases must never be blown clean

if there is any risk of ignition of the instructions for the torch you are
gas. using.
3. Check the inlet union gasket and
sure to use original gaskets and not

homemade ones, which may be a regulator until both gauges show
source of danger.
regulating screw outwards until it

damaging the connection nut. runs freely on its threads.
regulator and the hoses in use, a
installed.
NOTE:
5.01
467
Flashback
back through the torch and into the
in the worst cases even the regulators.
cylinder, which lacks the necessary

its design.
can occur. Flashback is mostly caused
Various types of flashback:
which occurs when the torch is lit. The
into the torch with continued burning in the
sound from the continued combustion. If the
circumstances should welding or cutting
and the handling routines have been

checked thoroughly.
faulty handling, bad maintenance of
the dangers this entails, the welding

5.01
valves.
468
Flashback Arrestors
Flashback Arrestors Type W-66S
and S-55
• Indicator ring showing that the
As a general
been activated. The ring is also arrestors should
arrestors for acetylene and oxygen,
as incorrect maintenance or use of
torch, and are only noticed as a

with the units.
faulty handling, maintenance or At inlet
Product no
110 110 000 10

through the hose(s). In some cases
10
ultimately reach the cylinder. The
are designed for use both with gas

cylinders and gas outlet stations and
or cylinders.
• Pressure relief valve to vent off
5.01 • Indicator lever showing that the
activated. The lever is also used
469
UNITOR Flashback Arrestor Product Range and Application
FA = Flame arrestor, NV = Non-return valve, TV = Temperature sensitive cut-off (105°C), PV = Pressure sensitive cut-off; RV = Relief valve
Models Features Application
85-10 Non-resettable Fixed system i.e. Gas

Product No. FA NV TV Distribution System
Cylinder Central
S-55 FA NV TV Resettable GDS Outlet Station

Product No.
PV Inlet Filter
FA NV TV
W-66S Resettable Mobile AC-OX
Product No.
PV Inlet Filter
Models Features Application
FR-20 FA NV Non-resettable Attach to Cutting Torch

Product No. (UCT-500)
470
5.01
The Acetylene/Oxygen Flame
torch. Inaccurate regulators or long occur.

NOTE!
to the torch. In such cases, the actual
should be checked. Too low gas

the inner cone.
This reaction needs as much Oxygen
required Oxygen is taken from the

surrounding air. Therefore, always
The neutral flame
steel welding work.

5.01
471
The carburizing flame
in colour than the inner cone, but is
only slightly for Oxygen, obtaining a of Aluminium and Aluminium alloys,

and for soft soldering.
Oxygen (and if necessary reducing the
The oxidizing flame
5.01
472
Operating instructions for Cutting Torch

a. All valves are shut at the i. Press down the cutting Oxygen lever
valves (1 and 2) are shut, the

Oxygen (7). The torch is now ready
are screwed so far out that they run
freely on their threads, and all torch torch Oxygen needle valve must be
long are given in the cutting table. cutting Oxygen valve lever (8) at
Other materials and hoses may the same time. Then shut the torch
Acetylene needle valve (6).
table. k. The torch is normally extinguished
needle valve (6) and then the valve

Oxygen (1) and Acetylene (2).
and close all valves.
the cutting Oxygen valve lever (8), Important
by means of the Oxygen regulator

adjusting screw (3). the cylinder valves (1 and 2) and
e. Release the cutting Oxygen valve
lever (8) and shut the valve for the torch needle valve for the other
gas shut. Finally, make sure that all
torch valves are shut, and unscrew
the regulator adjusting screws (3
needle valve (6), and adjust the
their threads.
Acetylene regulator setting screw
2. Check the sealing rings at regular
intervals for damage, deformation
defective. To facilitate changes of
sooting when the torch is lit. and sealing surfaces in the torch
connection head should be lightly
5.01 Oxygen (7). Oil or grease must never be used.
473
Cutting table – UCT-500
2 3
0.2 0.2 0.2
Product No. 170-174698 170-174706 170-174714 170-174722
1600 3600 6800

300 700
Table for groove-cutter (Unitor Product No. 174730)

Working
mm
Width Oxygen Acetylene Oxygen Acetylene
5.01
474
Cutting Procedure
which burns (cuts) mild steel.
most easily done, by starting the cut as
bring the cutting torch towards you.
Starting the cut from an edge
within the limits given in the cutting

table and ensure that the slag blows
from the bottom of the cut.
Methods for improving cuts
5.01 angle iron can be used to guide the

torch for both square and bevel cuts.
475
Starting a cut by piercing
inclining the torch slightly so that the
3. With the cutting oxygen lever fully
Cutting guide
cutting torch
5.01
Circular motion bar
476
Common cutting faults

A. A correct cut shall give square
corners and a smooth cut surface
surface with gouges in the lower
lines in the surface and a rounded

lower edge.
contaminated cutting oxygen hole in
surface.
5.01
through the surface, contaminated
with slag and melted steel.
477
5.01
478
Operating Instructions For UCT-500

Brazing, Welding and Heating Torch
a. All valves are shut at the
valves (1 and 2) are shut, the

regulator adjusting screws (3 and
run freely on their threads and both Acetylene needle valve (6).
closed. j. The torch is normally extinguished
needle valve (6) and then the torch
and close all valves.
given in the welding table.

Important
Oxygen (1) and Acetylene (2). the cylinder valves (1 and 2) and
the torch needle valve for the other

gas shut. Finally, make sure that all
torch valves are shut, and unscrew
regulator adjusting screw (3). the regulator adjusting screws (3
their threads.
valve (6), and adjust the working 2. Check the sealing rings at regular
intervals for damage, deformation
defective. To facilitate changes of
and sealing surfaces in the torch

connection head should be lightly
troublesome sooting when the torch
lightening lit.
Oil or grease must never be used.
torch is now ready for use.

5.01
479
freely during adjustment.

for one gas at a time. To adjust the
Table for welding, brazing, heating
2 3
1 3 7 jobs (heating torch)
Product No. 174565 174573 174581 174599 174607 174615 174623 174631
80 230 1000 1800
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
80 230 1000 1800
73 1136 1636
5.01
480
Maintenance of Blowpipes
holes with Unitor cleaning drills. These
twist them, just stick them straight in
drills for cleaning. These can ruin the

smooth surfaces of the hole.
should not be enlarged in any way.
carefully cleaned externally by means
steel brush.
Grinding blowpipes and cutting

nozzles
If the end of a welding or cutting
hole with an uneven edge or widened
becoming smaller than that of a new
always be left having a length at least

equal to the diameter of the hole. It
ought not to be shorter than this, to
5.01 material may be removed.
481
5.01
482
Heating Techniques
is frequently used for heating
method, normally demanding no other
steel for bending or forming.

knowledge of how the work reacts
to heating and cooling, and how the
in straightening.
need to be careful not to overheat and
constructions. high tensile steel.

The steadily growing use of welding
calls for an economical method
of dealing with the deformations, as this can cause deterioration.
which often arise in welded steel
constructions.
On cooling, the heated metal contracts, with the result that the end of the section
5.01
these heating wedges.
483
Flame straightening techniques
direction
start at the arrow head 1.
Angle bars, straightening in web

direction
the arrow head, and then no. 2.
direction.
start at arrow head 1.
5.01
484
sideways
direction
starting from the arrow heads 1.
sideways
First heat the web no. 1, starting at the
5.01
485
Welding Techniques
After lighting the torch, adjust the In gas welding, the joined edges of
undertaken.
Welding can be either leftward or
rightward technique. The direction
of weld is selected according to the
thickness of the material. Rightward
Acetylene is used for welding
Aluminium. are therefore recommended to use
is used for welding cast iron, brass, method. In either case, make sure
and evenly on the reverse side of the
materials.
Rightward welding
5.01
486
Leftward welding
the torch in the welding direction, this

is called leftward welding. The welding
such as aluminium and brass, always
Horizontal leftward welding
rotational movement to melt both
hold the torch too far away from the
When the material begins to melt, feed
small movements, and welding is in
Vertical leftward welding
welded by vertical leftward welding.

Weld in the same manner as for
Vertical leftward welding,

filler rod angles:
5.01
487
Rightward welding Rightward welding

Rightward welding is used for material
follows the torch in the direction
of the weld. Rightward welding is
recommended for the joining of sheet welding direction.
rightward welding, the risk of tensions
case of leftward welding.
Horizontal rightward welding Vertical rightward welding

This is used for material thicknesses
must not be moved sideways. It is

easier to handle the rod if it is bent
as shown in the drawing. See also
Vertical rightward welding and

rightward overhead welding.
5.01
488
Butt Joints for Gas Welding of Steel
Flange butt joint
Close square butt joint
5.01
489
Consumables and parameters for Gas Welding
MS-200
Description
Packaging Product no.

data: mm
2.0 280 092-539551
3.0 092-539569
Neutral
ALUMAG-235
Description
magnesium as the main alloying element.

data: mm
3 092-514265

Slight
acetylene
5.01
the section Consumables.
490
Soldering and Brazing Techniques
wetting of the base material.
limited, and they cannot be heated
material to be joined.
When heated, it will reach melting
removed by rinsing in clean water and

brushing.
material. avoid contact with eyes, mucous
Fluxes
Advantages of brazing and soldering
materials which does not involve

material. Fluxes serve three basic
functions that are required to obtain a
successful result.
1. Flux eliminates the oxide layer on soldering.
the surface of the base material
corrosion resistance.
material in such a way that it melts
slightly before correct working
little deformation and change of
5.01
491
A good brazed or soldered joint

depends on:
1. Correct mating of the surfaces to
be joined. Whether the joint is to be
2. It is essential that the surfaces to be
bonds.
metal.
Heat indirectly when using a welding

Soft soldering torch for soldering.
Brazing
tin (Sn).
Soft soldering is commonly used in
electrical connections, and in joints
required. obtain joints with high mechanical
a weaker joint. The solders alloyed

with silver will normally have the best
mechanical strength.
that the entire soldering area reaches
the solder.
5.01
492
Edge preparation
Capillary brazing
material, which melts to a thin
on the surface tension of the liquid
between the surfaces.
Heating should be done with a neutral
removing oxides from the surface.

Heat the entire area of the joint
uniformly. Starting with the thicker
Surface 0.1 mm.

When the joint has reached correct
should be touched to the joint, and the
released, and if the material allows,

cooled off in water.
Flux residues should be removed to
avoid corrosion. Heat evenly
5.01
493
Edge preparation
Braze welding
technique is, however, similar to gas

welding with the leftward method, and
must be rounded off.
wide range of metals, and is also used Use the leftward technique for
for rebuilding wear surfaces. As with
described under gas welding.
5.01
494
Consumables and parameters for Brazing
TIN 241 AG
Description
conductors, electrical connections, electrical instruments, radios, batteries,

data: mm
093-777973
Preferably use soldering
AG-45-253
Description

data: mm
2.0 28 093-519744
093-778461
Neutral
093-233604
AG-60-252
Description

data: mm
2.0 093-233601
093-778461
Neutral
5.01 093-233604
093-604371
495
Consumables and parameters for Brazing
BRONZE-264
Description

data: mm
3 1.7 093-174326
093-603076
Neutral or
slight oxygen
FC-BRONZE-261
Description

data: mm
2 1 093-233551
3 32 1 093-233569
093-603076
Neutral or
slight oxygen
5.01
496
Consumables and parameters for Gas Welding
FC-WEARBRO-262
Description

data: mm
3 33 1 093-233577
13 1.1 093-233585
603068
Neutral or
slight oxygen
CAST IRON-237
Description

data: mm
12 0.7 096-682310
764487
Slight oxygen
5.01
497
5.01
498
GAS SUPPLIES AND GAS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Introduction
Argon
Oxygen
Acetylene
5.02
499
Introduction
be serviced in a reasonable time.
always having enough full cylinders in stock, ready to meet each

customer’s immediate needs.
5.02
500
ARGON
Product name Formula Hazard class
Argon Ar
Appearance and colour IMDG code
Colourless, odourless 2.2
Specific gravity (Air=1) Substance Identification
1.38 (heavier than air)
Cylinder characteristics
Cylinder Outlet Connection Nominal Contents Filled Pressure Nominal Wt. Approx. Approx. Cylinder
Size (cu. Metres) (bar) at 15°C Of Gas (kg) Dimensions (mm) Wt. (kg)
(See note 1.) (max) (See note 1.) (See note 2.) (See note 3.)
2.2 200 3.6 18

1.1 200 18 81
1. Actual contents and weight of gas in individual cylinders will vary about the nominal contents and weight
of gas indicated.
found among cylinders manufactured to older standards.
ARGON
known as the “rare”, “inert” or “noble” gases. The terms inert and noble mean that the gases have
the harmful effect of the air.
5.02
501
ARGON- CARBON DIOXIDE MIXTURE

Unimix10 2

2.2 200 18
200 17.1 81
of gas indicated.
ARGON-CARBON DIOXIDE MIXTURES
5.02
502
ARGON- CARBON DIOXIDE MIXTURE

Unimix20 2

2.2 200 18
200 17.1 81
of gas indicated.
ARGON-CARBON DIOXIDE MIXTURES
5.02
503
CARBON DIOXIDE
Carbon dioxide CO2
Cylinder Outlet Connection Nominal Contents (cu. Nominal Wt. Of Gas Approx. Dimensions Approx. Cylinder
Size Metres) (kg) (mm) (See note 2.) Wt. (kg)
(See note 1.) (See note 1.) (See note 3.)
CgA320
CgA320 27 230 x 1210
of gas indicated.
CARBON DIOXIDE
combustible.
It is considered a inert gases. The terms inert mean that the gases have an extremely weak
by burning fossil fuels or chemical reactions.
5.02
504
OXYGEN
Oxygen O2
Colourless, odourless, tasteless gas
1.11 (Slightly heavier than air)
1 200 1.3 12
7.8 230 x 1360
of gas indicated.
OXYGEN
Oxygen (02
5.02
505
Rules relating to Oxygen

– Oxygen that leaks out into the air
increases the danger of combustible
materials igniting, i.e. body hair,
occur even with a small increase in combustion.

the Oxygen content of the air, and
can cause serious burns and other Oxygen-deficient atmospheres
injuries.
The normal Oxygen content of air
– Never use Oxygen instead of air
to start a diesel engine. Never use of Oxygen content in air, either by
Oxygen to blow dust from working
clothes. lf clothing has been
in Oxygen content it may take a long

time to get rid of the excess Oxygen,
often several hours. given in the table below.
– Never use Oxygen to freshen the air
Oxygen Content Effects and Symptoms

(% by Volume) (At Atmospheric Pressure)
recovery with treatment.
Note: Exposure to atmospheres containing 12% or less Oxygen will bring about
unconsciousness without warning and so quickly that the individual cannot
help or protect himself.
5.02
506
ACETYLENE
Acetylene C2 H2 Flammable gas
Pure acetylene is a colourless gas with an ethereal 2.1
odour Commercial (carbide)acetylene has a distinctive
Flammable limits % by volume Extinguishing media

CO2
Unusual fire and explosion hazard
Cylinder Outlet Connection Nominal Contents (cu. Nominal Wt. Of Gas Approx. Dimensions Approx. Cylinder
Size Metres) (kg) (mm) (See note 2.) Wt. (kg)
(See note 1.) (See note 1.) (See note 3.)
0.7 0.8
6.2 230 x 1360 67
of gas indicated.
5.02
507
ACETYLENE
gas. It is can be manufactured by

reacting Calcium Carbide with water
in Acetylene generators. Ordinary extinguisher.
commercial grades of Acetylene
Acetylene is that the gas can

odour. The gas is slightly lighter than
air.
Acetylene alone burns in air with
is subjected to shock during storage
mixed with Oxygen the combustion is

more intense than in air, and because
of the Acetylene’s high carbon content
gaseous Acetylene the cylinders for

for welding and for cutting.
Explosion and decomposition hazards This eliminates the risk that any
which Acetylene in gaseous form may

of Acetylene and air or Oxygen is
with Acetone, in which the Acetylene
actually dissolves. The combination
solvent allows the Acetylene to be

contained in cylinders at moderate
good ventilation must be assured in during normal handling and use.

However, there still exists the chance
used.
by careless handling of the cylinder,
5.02
508
longer be touched by the bare hand
cylinder must not be moved. Start

shell rises, starting at the area cooling the cylinder immediately with
large amounts of cold water from a
commenced.
(only evident when the cylinder is in evacuated from the area. When the
use and a regulator with gauges is cylinder has been cooled until the
water no longer steams from the shell,
it can be moved to the railing and
thrown over board. Remember that
cooling must be continued without
contains soot, and has an unusual
smell.
WARNING: The top valve of a cylinder

have started in the cylinder, shut the containing decomposing Acetylene
must be kept shut at all times!
Fatal mistakes have been made in
it. The cylinder must be checked for
feeling the cylinder shell all over by

valve fully, in the mistaken belief that
hand.
railing immediately and thrown over

board. The cylinder must be cooled
much faster than it can be released,

with the result that the cylinder may
Inhalation hazards
and cooling the cylinder with large
quantities of cold water, but if this is
to succeed it must be commenced Acetylene was combined with Oxygen
continue until the cylinder remains

cold. However, out of consideration air reduces the Oxygen content
to save the cylinder but throw it over

5.02 that Acetylene is handled only in well
ventilated areas.
509
Important safety reminders

Under certain conditions Acetylene quantity of Acetylene normally takes
8 hours.
For this reason contact between

Acetylene and these metals, cylinder falls and the gas is released
concentration alloys must be avoided.
occurs in the cylinder, rather similar
alloys, and certain nickel alloys, are sodawater, and some of the Acetone
suitable for use in Acetylene service will emerge with the gas. This is
under normal conditions. Never use harmful both to the cylinder and to
makeshift hose connectors made out the weld. Admittedly, Acetone burns,
but with very different characteristics
hose connector. from Acetylene. The rule is therefore
Acetylene cylinders must be stored that the cylinder should not be
cylinders are used when lying on their
will run out and into the reduction

valve and hose. (maximum 30 minutes) extraction from
Drawing gas from Acetylene

cylinders After that, the cylinder must be set
Acetone. An Acetylene cylinder with a single Acetylene cylinder can
16 litres of Acetone. The Acetylene central installation is normally used.

gas dissolves in (is absorbed by) the The following gives the extraction
rates for various combinations of
Acetylene Cylinders Maximum extraction, nl/hr

A-40 Continuous Intermittent
1 700
2
3 2100
2800 10000
5.02
510
Rules and safety precautions for handling

and use of Gas Cylinders
– Always make sure that the cylinder
moving the cylinder. Cylinders,

when not in active use, should
from falling.
– Never use slings, chains or magnets
to lift gas cylinders. Use racks,
designed for hoisting gas cylinders,
lugs.
– Cargo nets are not recommended
for lifting gas cylinders. If a cargo
net has to be used, it must be
covered internally with a good
from sliding out through the mesh.

– If a crane or winch is used to lift gas
cylinders, and the crane driver is
signalman must be stationed where

he can see both the load and the
crane driver.
to fall, or knock against one another.
always be handled as if they were

full. Never be indifferent or careless
5.02 treat all cylinders as if they were full.
511
– If the cylinder valve cannot be

can lead to serious accidents.
cylinder aside and inform the
– Never use gas cylinders as rollers
On valves intended for valve keys,
– Take care to avoid using or storing
circuit. Never touch a cylinder with

a live electrode.
or shut.
water.
cylinder valve outlet union and the
sure that seals are in good condition should not be subjected to
arrestors, hoses, etc., designed for of gas cylinders to moisture or salt

use with the gas in question.
corrosive chemicals or gases.
– The information that is cast or
be altered or removed.
feature of a gas cylinder or valve.
WARNING
It is extremely dangerous, and
transfer oxygen or acetylene from one

cylinder to another on one’s own.
Filling of gas cylinders shall be carried
Failure to observe this rule has

unfortunately led to the loss of several
lives.
5.02
512
Gas Distribution System for bushing
Acetylene and Oxygen

Stainless steel
Closing valve
Connecting nut
Closing valve
Connecting nut
Plug
AC Non return valve

)
return valve
Hose
AC HP hose
Rack for
1 cylinder
Rack for
2 cylinder
Oxygen Acetylene
1763131
Complete Standard Centrals

The standard centrals for Acetylene and Oxygen include all Note
items necessary for the gas central room, including signs,
Product Spares For Regulators Product

Product
Number Number
Working gauge, Acetylene
Contents gauge, Acetylene
Working gauge, Oxygen
Contents gauge, Oxygen
5.02
513
The UnitorTM Gas Distribution System (GDS)

Safety
may cause serious accidents if handled carelessly. Unitor

gas distribution system is based on safe and correct storing of
the gas cylinders on board, in a well ventilated room with direct
• Cylinders and accessories are less subject to
•
•
Efficiency
gas distribution system on
is available simultaneously from several cylinders when needed.
Twin valve
unit
AC Regulator
AC Flashback
Economy
is used, the total number of cylinders on board is normally
Hose stem Hose stem
5.02
almost 100 kilos.
Stretch relief bracket
514
Signs For Gas Distribution System
attached to the bulkhead by means of screws or glue.
A. Signs for entrance doors (size in mm HxW) Product Number
611 1832021
B. Instruction signs for gas central Product Number
611 1832361
C. Signs for outlet station Product Number
Gas Outlet Station

Model 700
Unitor outlet station model 700 for bulkhead mounting is designed to obtain the highest degree
Product Product Number
Steel cabinet for outlet station 700

Fibreglass cabinet for outlet station 700
Spares Product Number
5.02
515
1 2 3
6 7
10
5.02
516
Gas Distribution Outlet Station Workshop Setup
Outlet Station
Accessories for Single Hose without Fittings
works at 10 m distance with use of twin
Hoses
5.02
517
AC-OX Welding, Brazing and Cutting Kit Product Number

twin hose and secure the hose
System Poster for quick
Product Number
the source hence limiting the
gas hoses onwards
ARRESTOR
body and connect it directly to
Product Number
(one after another) and with the cutting oxygen lever 5.02
slightly after the needle valves close.
518
Gas Distribution System for acetylene and oxygen

Unitor’s gas distribution system for the
storage and distribution of Acetylene
and Oxygen was introduced in order gas cylinders in the engine room and
with the risk this entailed, has now

collaboration with the Norwegian
maritime authorities, and is now
included in the rules and regulations
location of the cylinder central with
welding gases on board Norwegian
countries have shown interest in the it easy to get rid of the cylinders in
system, and have introduced it for
everybody on board knows exactly
nations. The installation of Unitor’s where the cylinders are located.
the risk of accidents to a far greater

extent than before, because the gas
cylinders remain stored in the cylinder gas is assured, even for jobs needing
store with the welding gases being fed large amounts of gas, e.g. for heating
from two or more cylinders at the

same time, which means less gas
Naturally, this does not entirely
eliminate the need to take cylinders
out of the store from time to time in cylinders.
order to carry out certain welding or
5.02
519
Extracts from regulations relating to

central system
A central system for Acetylene and be made by butt welds, of good
Oxygen consists of a cylinder store
– Connections such as unions,
or more outlet stations. The various
are subject to rules laid down by the

– Normally, only two outlet stations
from the cylinder store or cabinet.
– The gas cylinder store shall be a
stations must be obtained in each

shall have bulkheads, deck and individual case.
deckhead of steel and have a
rooms. the gas cylinder valves and other

valves shall be shut.
from some of the rules relating to

– The gas cylinder store shall rules are to be found in “Regulations
be insulated, ventilated and so
for the welding gases Acetylene and
– The ventilation system shall not be

connected to any other ventilation
system on board.
– The room shall not be used for any obtained from Unitor.
gas cylinders. Approval and certification of central

plants
– Electrical installations in a gas
cylinder system shall be of
degreased, blown through and
– Acetylene and Oxygen cylinders
equivalent, and of wall thickness not

The original of the installation
5.02
520
has been set on the regulator (8 bar

for oxygen and 0.8 bar for acetylene),
the setting is locked by tightening the
locknut. This makes it unnecessary
The layout of the central system
The layout of the central system and
set by means of a regulating valve

continuous deck, and it must have at the outlet station, as required for
to the central store must be marked
with a notice warning of gas under the central regulator (8) must be
Fastening arrangements (1) for the

number of Acetylene and Oxygen
not less than 3 metres above deck,
be welded to the bulkhead. The design and the outlet must be marked with
easy to release the cylinders in case
threaded for Acetylene, to eliminate

red for Acetylene.
bulkheads or decks it must be led

cylinders. are to be fastened to bulkheads with
connect in series any desired number to be installed at suitable locations

which are well ventilated and where
mechanical damage. The standard

cabinet (12) which is delivered with the
located. The regulator has an adjusting
5.02
521
from time to time.

in work.
regulators to set the desired working
5.02
522
Pos. No Prod. no
1 Rack for 2 cylinders.
1 Rack for 1 cylinder.
1 1763131
2
2
3
3
3 Non return valve Ox.
3 Non return valve Ac.
High Pressure connector Ox.
High Pressure connector Ac.
6 Closing valve Ox W bracket.

6 Closing valve Ac.
7
7
7
7
10
12
12
13
16 Stretch relief bracket.
Signs for entrance doors Instructions signs for gas central
1832021 1832361
Signs for outlet station
5.02 central regulators.
523
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION
International system of units
Roman numerals
Common gauge series for sheet thickness and wire
Abbreviations and welding terminology
6.00
524
International System of Units (SI)
Quantity Unit Formula

Base Units
metre (m)
mass kilogram (kg)
time second (s)
electric current
kelvin (K)
amount of substance mole (mol)
luminous intensity candela (cd)
Supplementary Units
radian (rad)
solid angle steradian (sr)
Derived Units
2
acceleration
activity (of a radioactive source)
2
angular acceleration
angular velocity
area square metre m2
3
density
farad (F)
electric conductance stemens (S)
electric inductance henry (H)
electric resistance ohm ( )

electromotive force
energy joule (J) N•m
2
force newton (N)
frequency
2
illuminance lux (lx)
2
luminance
lumen (lm) cd•sr
weber (Wb)
2
tesla (T)
mangetomotive force
watt (W)
2
quantity of electricity coulomb (C) A•s

6.00 quantity of heat joule (J) N•m
525
Quantity Unit Formula

radiant intensity
stress
thermal conductivity
velocity
viscosity, dynamic Pa•s
viscosity, kinematic
voltage
volume cubic metre m3
wavenumber
work joule (J) N•m
Multiplication Factors Prefix SI Symbol

12
1 000 000 000 000 tera T
1 000 000 000 giga
6
1 000 000 mega
3
1 000 kilo k
2
100 h
1
10 da
0,1 d
0,01 c
0,001 milli m
0,000 001 micro μ
0,000 000 001 nano n
0,000 000 000 001
0,000 000 000 000 001 femto f
0,000 000 000 000 000 001 atto a
THE PHONETIC ALPHABET

A B C D E F G H I
Charlie Echo Foxtrot Hotel India
J K L M N O P Q R
Juliet Kilo November Oscar Quebec Romeo
S T U V W X Y Z
Sierra Tango Uniform Whiskey Yankee
THE GREEK ALPHABET
6.00
526
General conversion factors

Unit Conversion to Multiply by Reciprocal
Linear Measure
mil (0,001 inch) inch millimetre 0
foot millimetre 0000
yard metre 0 3,281
mile nautical mile metre 0
kilometre 0
kilometre 0
Square Measure
square inch square millimeter 0000
square inch square centimeter 00
square foot square metre 0
square yard square metre 0,83610
acre square metre 00000
acre square foot 000 00
square mile acre 00000
square mile square kilometer 00 0,3863
Volume
cubic inch cubic centimeter cubic 16,38700 0,06102
cubic foot metre 0,02832
cubic foot gallon (U.S.) 000 0,1337
cubic foot litre 28,32000
cubic yard cubic metre 0
ounce (U.S., liq.) cubic centimeter 000 0,03382
quart (U.S., liq.) litre 0
gallon (U.S.) 0,83270
gallon (U.S.) litre 00
barrel (U.S.Petroleum) gallon (U.S.) 00000 0,0238
barrel (U.S.Petroleum) litre 000
Mass
grain milligram 0000
gram 000
kilogram 0
short ton metric ton 0 1,1023
long ton metric ton 1,01610
Pressure or Stress
2
00000
2
(ksi) 00
2
bar
2 2
0,70310
mm Hg 760,00000 0,001316
2
00
6.00
527
Unit Conversion to Multiply by Reciprocal

Pressure or Stress (Cont.)
bar 1,0130
0,1013
torr (mm Hg) 133,3200
inch of water 000
2
foot of water 2,307
0,1000 10,00
Work, Heat and Energy
joule 0000 00
joule 0 00
calorie joule 0 00
778,0000 00
kilocalorie 0 00
kilogram metre 00 00
watt 00
watthour joule 3600,0000 000,0002778
kilowatt 00
Miscellaneous
000 00
cubic foot (STP) 0000 00
gram mole (gas) litre (STP) 000 00
board foot cubic metre 000 000,00236
2 2
10,7600 00
metre3 0 00
newton 0 00
newton (N) 00 000,102
Roman Numerals
Basic numerals: I C
1 10 100 1000
Combination rules:
– A smaller numeral in front of a larger is subtracted from the larger
– A smaller numeral after a larger is added to the larger
– Equal numerals after each other are added together
6.00
with 100.000.
528
Metric and Decimal Equivalents of Fractions of an Inch

Inches mm Inches mm
0.031
0.063
0.078
2.3812
2.7780
0.172 0.672
0.188 0.688
0.203 0.703
0.266 0.766
0.281 0.781
0.313 0.813 20.6371

0.328 0.828
8.7310
21.8277
23.0183
11.1122 23.8120
1.000
Wire cross sections
AWG mm2 AWG mm2 AWG mm2

20 10 0 1 0
18 0,823 8 08,367 0
16 1,31 6 13,30 0
2,08 0
12 3,31 2 33,62 107,2
6.00
529
Common Gauge series used for Sheet thickness and Wire

Name Abbreviation Name Abbreviation
Thickness in mm
AI(U.S.)
Copper Stainless
Brass B&S Galv. Iron Al(U.K.) Steel
Gauge No. AWG GSG SWG Steel MSG Sheet USG Strip BWG Zinc AZG
12,7
11,8
11,0
10,2
8,8
8,2
1 7,62
2 7,01
3 6,07
0,20
6 0,30
7 3,66 0,36
8
3,66 3,78 3,76
10
11 2,31 3,18 3,18 0,61
12 2,06 2,67 2,78 2,77 0,71
13 1,83 2,38 0,81
1,63 2,03 2,11
1,80 1,70 1,70 1,83 1,02
16 1,30 1,63 1,63
17 1,37 1,27
18 1,02 1,32 1,22 1,22 1,27
1,17 1,02 1,07 1,11 1,07
20 0,81 1,02 1,78
21 0,71 0,81 0,87 0,81 2,03
22 0,86 0,71 0,76 0,71
23 0,61 0,71
0,71 0,61 3,18
6.00
530
Physical properties of some elements

Symbol Density Density Symbol Density Density
g/cm3 20°C Point °C g/cm3 20°C Point °C
Aluminum Al 2,70 660 7,2 1260
Antimony Sb 6,68 630 Hg
Argon A 10,2 2620
Arsenic As Nickel Ni
Niobium Nb
1280 Nitrogen N
271 Oxygen O
2,3 2300 P 1,82
3,12 –7,2 Platinum Pt 21,37 1773
Cadmium Cd 321 Potassium K 0,87 62,3
Calcium Ca Rhodium Rh
Carbon C Selenium Se 220
Chlorine Cl –103 Silicon Si
Chromium Cr 7,2 Silver Ag
Colbalt Co Sodium Na
Cu 1083 S 2,07
Fluorine F Tantalum Ta 16,6
Au 1063 Tin Sn 7,31
Hafnium Hf 3300
Helium He Titanium Ti 1800
Hydrogen H Tungsten W 3370
Iodine I 1710
Iron Fe 7,87
Pb
186
6.00
531
Hardness comparison table

Brinell Vickers Rockwell Tensile Brinell Vickers Rockwell Tensile
HV (*HRB) strength HV (*HRB) strength
HB (>5 kpl) HRC N/mm2 HB (>5 kpl) HRC N/mm2
80 80 300 300 30,3 1010
310 310
320 320 32,7 1070
330 330 33,8 1100
100 100
36,0 1170
110 110 280 360 37,0
368 370 38,0
120 120 376 380
130 130
160 160
170 170
180 180 610 1600

620 1660
660
200 200 670
600
210 210 620
220 220 660 2030

680 2080
230 230 602 700 2130
20,2 720 60,2 2170
21,2 627 61,1
22,1 760
23,0 780 62,7
23,8 661 800
260 260 672 820
682
270 270 26,2 860
701 880 66,3
280 280 27,6 711
28,3 6.00
68,0
532
Corrosion of Galvanic couples in Sea water at 4–27 °c

No marking Unfavorable
increased moderately or severely.
X Uncertain
O
tolerable limits.
S
in the left column.
6.00
533
6.00
534
Temperature Scales
Celsius
T (K)
Kelvin
tre
Rèaumur
tf
Fahrenheit
t f –32)
t re
t
t R
tf
tf
tf
T
T f
T R
TR
TR
TR
6.00
535
Pressure variations related to Temperature
6.00
536
Abbreviations and Welding Terminologi
ACETONE
Colourless gas with high carbon content, lighter than air,
C 2H 2.
AC Alternating current
Removal of material from electrically conductive metals by
means of an electric arc between carbon electrode and
electrode.
AlSl Abbreviation for American Iron and Steel Institute.
Steel which, in addition to carbon, contains certain alloy
Instrument for measuring electrical current measured in
Removal of internal stresses in metal by heating and slow

cooling.
ANSI Abbreviation for American National Standard Institute.
welding.
construction of welded installations.
AUSTENITE Nonmagnetic stainless steel that cannot be hardened by heat
amounts of nickel.
6.00
537
AWS Abbreviation for American Welding Society.
to be used.
ferromanganese and ferrosilicium.
endurance.
and corrosion resistant steel with satisfactory resistance
of steel may be unalloyed, low alloyed or stainless.

Inside diameter of hole, tube or hollow object.
The method where surface bonding between the base
machined to a bright surface to remove scale or oxides.
Weld which has melted through, resulting in a hole and
institute).
mm.
6.00
538
CAST IRON
of cast iron. The electrode has a core of nickel or nickel alloy
CE
Area of weld that has not fused with the base metal.
CROWN Weld crown that is curved inward.

CONSTRUCTION
metal.
CONTOUR
CROWN Weld crown that is curved outward.

COPPER
CORROSION Eating away of material by a corrosive medium.
CRATER
section.
CRATER CRACKS Cracking that occurs in the crater.
CSA
in the relevant standards for Canada and the USA.
CUNIFER
Electrodes with acid or rutile organic coatings which
6.00
539
of a weld.
Flow of current (electrons) in only one direction, either to the
while electrodes are changed, slag removed etc.
Permanent elastic extension which metal undergoes during

tensile testing. Amount of extension is usually indicated
the test rod.

EN
a nomenclature in welding, Euronorm E.N.
6.00
540
FCAW Flux Cored Arc Welding
joint or corner joint.
other contaminating substances from the surface of the base

material. Fluxes may be corrosive.
together with Hydrogen or Oxygen.
iron).
Cast iron in which most of the carbon is in the form of
welding.
RESISTANCE
6.00
541
See duty cycle.

INTERPASS
started.
a very high value thereby reducing the need for a heavy iron
core in order to reduce the voltage.
ISO
Steel which contains fairly large quantities of ferrosilicium
connections.
Structure obtained when steel is heated and cooled to

achieve its maximum hardness.
welding torch from returning to the gas cylinder.
6.00
542
NS Abbreviation for the Norwegian Standards Association.

NSFI
vertical or overhead.
Colourless gas without odour or taste. Chemical symbol 02.
together with Acetylene for welding and cutting.
network.
POROSITY
POSTHEAT
PROPANE
formula 3
RECTIFIER
Control of welding current from the welding area. Adjustment

is by means of additional cable or through the welding cable.
6.00
543
ROOT PASS
Coated electrodes containing ilmenite, TiO2, in the coating.
The cable which carries current from the secondary side of a
SPATTER
weld is made.
determines how much tension a weld can withstand before

the weld gives.
Tungsten inert gas welding.
CRAYONS levels.
as Wolfram.
6.00
544
technique to widen the weld bead.
WHISKERS
the root side of the weld.
The stress level at which a steel material starts to become

2
.
Seawater resistant alloy of aluminium and brass.
6.00
545
CHECKLISTS
Unitor Welding Inverter

Unitor Plasma Cutter
7.00
546
CHECKLISTS
Safe Work Procedures

UCT-500 Kit for Oxy-Acetylene
Cutting, Brazing, Welding & Heating
DO NOT
COMPULSORY PPE
PRE-OPERATIONAL SAFETY CHECKS
6. Ensure the area is well ventilated (with fume extraction if required).
OPERATIONAL SAFETY CHECKS
For Cutting:
7.00
547
CHECKLISTS
Cutting table - UCT-500
0.2 0.2 0.2
Product No.
2 3
1600 3600 6800
300 700
those given in the table.
regulator adjusting screw (3).
lever (8) at the same time. Then shut the torch Acetylene needle valve (6).
7.00
548
CHECKLISTS
For Brazing, Welding & Heating:
2 3
1 3 7 (heating torch)
Product no.
80 230 1000 1800
Ox 80 230 1000 1800
Ac 73 1136 1636
length are given in the welding table.
Oxygen regulator adjusting screw (3).
7.00
549
CHECKLISTS
HOUSEKEEPING
POTENTIAL HAZARDS
3. Eye Injury
REFERENCE
British Compressed Gases Association –
Australian Standards –
SPECIAL NOTE
This SOP should be used in conjunction with relevant machinery manuals and
manufacturer recommendations.
Procedure Effective Review

Reference
1.0
7.00
550
CHECKLISTS

WELDING INVERTER
DO NOT use this machine unless you have been instructed in its safe
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

A welding mask with shade
(leather jacket) to cover arms
must be worn. and legs must be worn.
Safety shoes with rubber soles Oil free leather welding gloves
must be worn.
required.
may be required.
Procedures such as Hot Work Permit i.e. Risk Assessment and Control to
ensure safe before, during and after welding.
materials.
welding bay or erecting screens.
electrical connection.
7.00
551
CHECKLISTS
ENDING OPERATIONS AND CLEANING UP
POTENTIAL HAZARDS AND INJURIES

Electric shock.
Noise.
Radiation burns.
Fumes.
Welding in high risk area.
DON’T
Never leave the machine running unattended.
and should be used in conjunction with other references.
manufacturer recommendations
7.00
552
CHECKLISTS

PLASMA CUTTER
DO NOT use this machine unless you have been instructed in its safe
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Safety glasses must be worn
at all times in addition to clothing to cover arms and
welding mask. legs must be worn.
Sturdy footwear with rubber

required when cutting thick
soles must be worn.
material.
Oil free leather gloves and

may be required.
A welding mask with shade

contained.
must be worn.
materials.
welding bay or erecting screens.
electrical connection.
7.00
553
CHECKLISTS
ENDING OPERATIONS AND CLEANING UP
POTENTIAL HAZARDS AND INJURIES

Electric shock.
Noise.
Radiation burns.
Fumes.
Noxious gas.
DON’T
fumes, unless coating is removed from the work surface.

Never leave the machine running unattended.
and should be used in conjunction with other references.
manufacturer recommendations
7.00
554
wilhelmsen.com
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2022

The Welding Handbook

for a closer look

by anybody using the information and guidelines in this Welding Handbook.

required is a good command of modern welding techniques.

Unitor’s business activity

maritime deliveries from

Acetylene as fuel gas for

beaten coast of Norway.

that is suitable for onboard welding, backed by a worldwide service network,

1 SAFETY IN WELDING 1.01 Introduction 1.01

2.05 Problem steels 61

Electrode for Aluminum

Electrode for Chamfering

Electrode for Air Carbon

3.02 TIG welding rods and fluxes 196

Electrode for Heat Resistant 221

Electrode for Stainless Steel 237

261 Cable Connection Assembly

4.03 Wire Welding 386

3.06.17 Rubbergrade 6 Rebuild 308

4 ARC WELDING AND CUTTING PROCESS 315

5.02 Gas supplies and gas distribution system 499

for handling and use

for Acetylene and Oxygen

6 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION 524

for Acetylene and Oxygen

6.07 Common gauge series for sheet

6.12 Pressure variations related to

& heating torch 6.13 Abbreviations and welding

Welding & Heating

concentrated heat source which melts

heat, fumes, and visible and invisible

Authorities in most countries have materials, and some guidelines as to

for each of these areas, dealing in

These regulations must be available various items.

from authorities and others and by

SAFETY DEPENDS ON YOU

– Rules and regulations relating to the handling and installation

– Rules and regulations relating to hot work onboard.

How to use the Handbook

When facing a problem

joining, rebuilding and coating, as well as information on how to identify metals,

Use the consumables correctly

Power and gas supply

The remaining questions

Welding instruction and training

• Stick electrode welding

• Plasma cutting • Cast iron

Welding Safety Inspection (WSI)

Safety Standards and Best Practices Reference

Questionnaires for Oil Tankers, Combination Carriers, Shuttle Tankers, Chemical

This is how our WSI service works:

1. One of our trained 2. PSE will create a 3.

Welding Safety Inspection Global Port List

Hamburg Piraeus Shanghai

check for availability.

Protection against electric shocks

Protection against burns

Protection against ultraviolet and infrared light

Protection against chemicals

considered harmless. Nevertheless we always recommend that one does the

Protection against flying chips