CEMC's Open Courseware - Answers - All Exercises

11/26/2020 CEMC's Open Courseware - All Exercises, Answers, and Solutions
Answers
Transformations of Simple Polynomial Functions
1. a. Reflected in the y-axis, stretched horizontally about the y-axis by a factor of 1

, translated left 1 unit and down 2 units
3
b. Reflected in the x-axis, stretched vertically about the x-axis by a factor of 1
5
, translated right 4 units and up 1 unit.
2. a. IV
b. I
c. II
d. III
3. a. i. y = x
3
; reflected in the x-axis, stretched vertically about the x-axis by a factor of 2, translated left 3 units
ii. y = x
4
; stretched vertically about the x-axis by a factor of 1
2
, translated down 5 units
iii. y = x
3
; stretched horizontally about the y-axis by a factor of 2, translated right 2 units
iv. y = x
4
; reflected in the x-axis, stretched horizontally about the y-axis by a factor of 1
2
, translated up 7 units
b. i. Domain: {x ∣ x ∈ R}
Range: {y ∣ y ∈ R}
ii. Domain: {x ∣ x ∈ R}
Range: {y ∣ y ≥ −5, y ∈ R}
https://courseware.cemc.uwaterloo.ca/8/assignments/821/1 1/25
iii. Domain: {x ∣ x ∈ R}
Range: {y ∣ y ∈ R}
iv. Domain: {x ∣ x ∈ R}
Range: {y ∣ y ≤ 7, y ∈ R}
4. a. (x, y) → (x, 3y + 2), y = 3x

3
+ 2
3
b. (x, y) → (4x − 2, y), y = (
1
4
(x + 2))
3
c. (x, y) → (−x + 3,
1
2
y), y =
1
2
(−(x − 3))
3
d.
1
(x, y) → ( x, −y + 2), y = −(4x) + 2
4
3
5. a. y = −6(x − 2) + 4
4
b. y = −3(x − 4) + 2
6. a.
3
f (x) = 2x − 5
b. f (x) = −
8
81
(x − 2)
4
− 3
c.
4
f (x) = (x + 5) + 2
7. a. y = −3(x + 2)
3
− 3
b. y = −
1
2
(x − 4)
4
+ 5
8. a. (x, y) → (x + 2, y + 4)
b. (x, y) → (x,
5
2
y − 7)
c.
5
(x, y) → (x − , 2y − 1)
2
d. (x, y) → (−
1
2
x +
5
2
, −y + 8)
9. a. (x + 2, y + 1)
b. (x, 5y)
c. (2(x − 2), −y)
d. (x − 3, −2(y − 4))
10. a. One
b. Zero
c. One
d. Zero
11. a. y = −5x(x + 6)(x + 1) − 5
b. Vertical stretch about the x-axis by factor of 1

; horizontal translation 1 unit left
6
12. f (x) = x
3
+ 10, g(x) = −
2
27
(x − 5)
3
− 21
Characteristics of Polynomial Functions
1. a. i. End behaviour: As x ,
→ ∞ y → −∞ ; as x ,
→ −∞ y → ∞
ii. Maximum 2 turning points, minimum 0 turning points
iii. Maximum 3 zeros, minimum 1 zero
b. i. End behaviour: y → ∞ as x → ±∞
ii. Maximum 3 turning points, minimum 1 turning point
iii. Maximum 4 zeros, minimum 0 zeros
c. i. End behaviour: As x ,
→ ∞ y → ∞ ; as x ,
→ −∞ y → −∞
ii. Maximum 4 turning points, minimum 0 turning points
iii. Maximum 5 zeros, minimum 1 zero
2. a. Minimum degree of four, leading coefficient negative
b. Minimum degree of three, leading coefficient positive
c. Minimum degree of six, leading coefficient positive
d. Minimum degree of five, leading coefficient negative
3. a. False
b. True
c. True
d. True
e. False
f. False
4. a. IV
b. II
c. VI
d. III
e. I
f. V
5. 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 distinct zeros.
No zeros:
One zero:
Two zeros:
Three zeros:
Four zeros:
6. Answers may vary.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
a.
End behaviour: y → ∞ as x → ±∞
x -intercepts: −4, −1, 1, 3
y -intercept: 12
b.
y = −x(2x − 3)(x + 3)
End behaviour: y → −∞ as x ,
→ ∞ y → ∞ as x → −∞
-intercepts: −3, 0,
3
x
2
y -intercept: 0
a.
b.
Graphs of Polynomial Functions in Factored Form
1. a. V
b. VI
c. III
d. I
e. VII
2. a. Answers may vary.
b. Answers may vary.
c. Answers may vary.
d. Answers may vary.
e. Answers may vary.
3. a. f (x) : degree 3
g(x) : degree 5
b. f (x) : x -intercepts at −5, 0, 2

, y-intercept at 0
3
g(x) : x -intercepts at 0, 2 , y-intercept at 0
c. f (x) : x → −∞, y → ∞; x → ∞, y → −∞
g(x) : x → −∞, y → −∞; x → ∞, y → ∞
d. f (x) :
g(x) :
b. Answers may vary.
c. Answers may vary.
d. Answers may vary.
e. Answers may vary.
5. a. Answers vary. y 2
= x(x − 1) , y = x (x − 1)
2
b. Answers vary. y 2 2
= (x + 1) (x − 1) , y = x(x − 1)
3
c. Answers vary. y 3 2
= −(x − 1) (x + 1) , y = (x − 1)(x + 1)
4
a.
b.
c.
7. a. x-intercepts at −4, 0, 2 ; changes sign at x = 0, 2
b. x-intercepts at −3, 4 ; changes sign at x = −3
c. x-intercepts at −4, 1 ; does not change sign; y ≤ 0 for all x ∈ R
8. a. Positive on x ∈ (−4, −1) ∪ (2, ∞) ; negative on x ∈ (−∞, −4) ∪ (−1, 2)
b. Positive on x ∈ (0, 4) ; negative on x ∈ (−∞, −3) ∪ (−3, 0) ∪ (4, ∞)
c. Positive on x ∈ (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, 3) ; negative on x ∈ (3, ∞)
9. a. From the graph,
Increasing for x ∈ (−∞, −1) ∪ (3, ∞) ; decreasing for x ∈ (−1, 3)
b. i. −16 < c < 0
ii. c = 0 or c = −16
iii. c < −16 or c > 0
iv. no values for c
10. a. f (x) = k(x + 3)(x − 1) (x − 4)

2 2
b. Two such functions are (note that k < 0 ):

2 2
f (x) = −(x + 3)(x − 1) (x − 4)
2 2
g(x) = −2(x + 3)(x − 1) (x − 4)
11. Answers may vary, but are of the form y 3

= kx (x + 3)(x − 4)
2
for k < 0, k ∈ R .
Equations of Polynomial Functions in Factored Form
1. a. V
b. II
c. VIII
d. VI
e. III
f. IV
g. I
h. VII
2. a. y = k(x + 3)(2x + 1)(3x − 5), k ≠ 0, k ∈ R
b. 2
y = k(x − 1)(x + 2) (x − 5) , k ≠ 0, k ∈ R
3
c. y = kx(3x − 2) , k ≠ 0, k ∈ R
3
d. y = k(x + 4)(x − 1) , k < 0, k ∈ R

2
e. y = k(x
2
− 5)(x
2
+ 2x − 1), k ≠ 0, k ∈ R
3. a. y = kx(x + 6)(x − 4), k > 0, k ∈ R
b. 2
y = k(x + 7) (x − 6), k < 0, k ∈ R
c. 3
y = kx (x − 4), k < 0, k ∈ R
d. 2
y = k(x + 3) (x − 4) , k < 0, k ∈ R
2
e. y = k(x + 3)(x − 3) , k > 0, k ∈ R

3
f. y = k(x + 4)(x + 2)(x + 1)(x − 4)(x − 3) , k < 0, k ∈ R

2
4. y = −
1
(2x + 1)(x − 5)(x − 2)
2
5. y =
1
(x + 1)(x − 4)(x − 6)
2
6. a. y = k(x
2
+ 6x + 4)
b. y = kx(x
2
− 2x − 11)
c. y = k(x + 2)(x − 1)(x

2
+ 9)
d. y = k(x
2
− 6x + 7)(x
2
+ 8x + 19)
– –
7. Using zeros 4 ± √2, −3 ± √6 and y-intercept (0, −21) , y = −
1 2
(x − 8x + 14)(x
2
+ 6x + 3)
2
8. a. Positive: {x ∣ x ≠ −2, 2, x ∈ R}
Negative: No values of x for which f (x) is negative.
b. Increasing: {x ∣ x ∈ (−2, 0) ∪ (2, ∞), x ∈ R}
Decreasing: {x ∣ x ∈ (−∞, −2) ∪ (0, 2), x ∈ R}
9. a. y =
1
10
(x + 1)(3x − 2)(x − 3)
b.
3
(0, )
5
c. y = −
1
10
(x + 1)(3x − 2)(x − 3)
d. y = −
1
10
(x − 1)(3x + 2)(x + 3)
10. y = −
1
8
(x − 3)(x − 1)(x − 7) . The zeros of the new function are 1, 3, and 7.
11. a.
17
b. 0
Finite Differences of Polynomial Functions
1. a. i. Quadratic
ii. a = −3
b. i. Cubic
ii. a = 3
c. i. Quartic
ii. a = 2
2. a. The 5th difference is constant.
b. −480
4. y = −
10 2
x (x + 5)
3
5. y =
1
(x −
1
) (x + 3)
3
2 2
6. a. 3
Δ y = 12, y = 2x
3
− 3x
2
+ 12x − 4
b. 3
Δ y = −18, y = −3x
3
+ 24x − 5
c. 3
Δ y = −6, y = −x
3
+ 3x
2
+ 2
7. a. p(t) = t
3 2
− 27t + 3t + 8538
b. 8030
c. p = 24536
d. Not realistic; p → ∞ as t → ∞
3 2
2x + 3x + x
8. f (4) = 30, f (5) = 55, f (6) = 91, f (x) =
1 3
x +
1 2
x +
1
x or
3 2 6
6
n(n + 1)
9. f (n) =
1
n
2
+
1
n + 1 (or = 1 + )
2 2
2
Even and Odd Polynomial Functions
1. a. i. Odd degree
ii. Odd
b. i. Odd degree
ii. Neither
c. i. Odd degree
ii. Odd
d. i. Even degree
ii. Even
e. i. Even degree
ii. Even
f. i. Odd degree
ii. Neither
g. i. Even degree
ii. Neither
h. i. Odd degree
ii. Odd
i. i. Even degree
ii. Even
j. i. Odd degree
ii. Neither
2. a. Even
b. Neither
c. Odd
3. a. True
b. False
c. False
d. True
e. False
f. True
b. See solutions.
c. Odd
a.
b. and
6. a. Answers may vary. One such equation is y 2

= (x − 2) (x + 2)
2
; note that
2
f (−x) = (−x − 2) (−x + 2)
2 2
= (x + 2) (x − 2)
2
= f (x) .
b. Answers may vary. One such equation is y = x(x − 2)(x + 2) .
7. a. i. Not odd
ii. Odd
iii. Odd
iv. Odd
v. Not odd
vi. Odd
b. i. Not even
ii. Even
iii. Even
iv. Even
v. Even
vi. Even
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11/26/2020 CEMC's Open Courseware - All Exercises, Answers, and Solutions

Transformations of Simple Polynomial Functions

1. a. Reflected in the y-axis, stretched horizontally about the y-axis by a factor of 1

b. Reflected in the x-axis, stretched vertically about the x-axis by a factor of 1

4. a. (x, y) → (x, 3y + 2), y = 3x

c. (2(x − 2), −y)

11. a. y = −5x(x + 6)(x + 1) − 5

b. Vertical stretch about the x-axis by factor of 1

Characteristics of Polynomial Functions

ii. Maximum 2 turning points, minimum 0 turning points

iii. Maximum 3 zeros, minimum 1 zero

ii. Maximum 3 turning points, minimum 1 turning point

iii. Maximum 4 zeros, minimum 0 zeros

ii. Maximum 4 turning points, minimum 0 turning points

iii. Maximum 5 zeros, minimum 1 zero

2. a. Minimum degree of four, leading coefficient negative

b. Minimum degree of three, leading coefficient positive

c. Minimum degree of six, leading coefficient positive

d. Minimum degree of five, leading coefficient negative

6. Answers may vary.

7. Answers may vary.

x -intercepts: −4, −1, 1, 3

8. Answers may vary.

Graphs of Polynomial Functions in Factored Form

2. a. Answers may vary.

b. Answers may vary.

c. Answers may vary.

d. Answers may vary.

e. Answers may vary.

b. f (x) : x -intercepts at −5, 0, 2

g(x) : x -intercepts at 0, 2 , y-intercept at 0

g(x) : x → −∞, y → −∞; x → ∞, y → ∞

4. a. Answers may vary.

b. Answers may vary.

c. Answers may vary.

d. Answers may vary.

e. Answers may vary.

6. Answers may vary.

7. a. x-intercepts at −4, 0, 2 ; changes sign at x = 0, 2

b. x-intercepts at −3, 4 ; changes sign at x = −3

c. x-intercepts at −4, 1 ; does not change sign; y ≤ 0 for all x ∈ R

8. a. Positive on x ∈ (−4, −1) ∪ (2, ∞) ; negative on x ∈ (−∞, −4) ∪ (−1, 2)

b. Positive on x ∈ (0, 4) ; negative on x ∈ (−∞, −3) ∪ (−3, 0) ∪ (4, ∞)

c. Positive on x ∈ (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, 3) ; negative on x ∈ (3, ∞)

9. a. From the graph,

Increasing for x ∈ (−∞, −1) ∪ (3, ∞) ; decreasing for x ∈ (−1, 3)

b. i. −16 < c < 0

iii. c < −16 or c > 0

iv. no values for c

10. a. f (x) = k(x + 3)(x − 1) (x − 4)

b. Two such functions are (note that k < 0 ):

11. Answers may vary, but are of the form y 3

Equations of Polynomial Functions in Factored Form

2. a. y = k(x + 3)(2x + 1)(3x − 5), k ≠ 0, k ∈ R

d. y = k(x + 4)(x − 1) , k < 0, k ∈ R

3. a. y = kx(x + 6)(x − 4), k > 0, k ∈ R

e. y = k(x + 3)(x − 3) , k > 0, k ∈ R

f. y = k(x + 4)(x + 2)(x + 1)(x − 4)(x − 3) , k < 0, k ∈ R

c. y = k(x + 2)(x − 1)(x

Negative: No values of x for which f (x) is negative.

b. Increasing: {x ∣ x ∈ (−2, 0) ∪ (2, ∞), x ∈ R}

Decreasing: {x ∣ x ∈ (−∞, −2) ∪ (0, 2), x ∈ R}

Finite Differences of Polynomial Functions

2. a. The 5th difference is constant.

CEMC's Open Courseware - Answers - All Exercises

CEMC's Open Courseware - Answers - All Exercises